反应釜外文翻译
学习一大波化工设备类英语词汇来袭（三），是学霸还是学渣，马上就知道！
学习一大波化工设备类英语词汇来袭（三），是学霸还是学渣，马上就知道！小7说：从周五开始，小7便为大家开始刊登化工企业生产过程当中的英语词汇，今天小7整理了部分化工设备的英语词汇，送给大家！至于为何要学英语嘛，上面那张图片已经说过了！作为一个高尚的中国人，聪明且高尚的中国化工人，如果再学会了英语，那就是聪明且高尚还勤奋的中国化工人！同意的赶紧学习吧~~~泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine。
化工英语
PSV pressure safety valve 压力安全阀 PCV pressure control valve 压力调节阀 Normally open 常开阀 Gate valve 闸阀 Globe valve 截止阀 Ball valve 球阀 Steam trap 疏水器 3-way valve 三通阀 Diaphragm valve隔膜阀 Check valve 止回阀 Plug valve旋塞阀 Safety valve/relief valve 安全阀
Heater 加热器 Preheater 预热器 Cooler 冷却器 Piston 活塞 （pistonring活塞环） Seal flush. System press. Piston 密封冲 洗系统加压活塞 Pipe 管道 Instrument 仪表
Pot 釜 Z209 reactors jacket water additive pot 反应 器夹套水添加剂釜 Reaction pot反应釜 Tank (盛液体或气体的)大容器 ;槽 Lube oil tank Comonomer Surge Tank 共聚单体缓冲罐 Tower 塔 Cos removal towers –cos 脱除塔 Mixer 混合器 ,搅拌器 Dryer 干燥器
ethylene 乙烯 Ethylene feed 乙烯进料 propylene 丙烯 polypropylene 聚丙烯 polyethylene 聚乙烯 Hydrogen 氢气 Off gas 回收气 butene丁烯 hexene己烯 Low pressure steam低压蒸汽 High pressure steam高压蒸汽 catalyst 催化剂 cocatalyst 助催化剂
Cylinder 汽缸; 钢瓶
反应釜毕业设计外文翻译
Welding Simulation of Cast Aluminium A356X-T. Pham*, P. Gougeon and F-O. GagnonAluminium Technology Centre, National Research Council Canada Chicoutimi, Quebec, CanadaAbstractWelding of cast aluminium hollow parts is a new promising technical trend for structural assemblies. However, big gap between components, weld porosity, large distortion and risk for hot cracking need to be dealt with. In this paper, the MIG welding of aluminium A356 cast square tubes is studied. The distortion of the welded tubes was predicted by numerical simulations. A good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained.IntroductionAluminium structures become more and more popular in industries thanks to their light weights, especially in the automotive manufacturing industry. Moreover, welding of cast aluminium hollow parts is a new promising technical trend for structural assemblies [1-3]. However, it may be very challenging due to many problems such as big gap between components, weld porosity, large distortion and risk for hot cracking [4,5]. Due to local heating, complex thermal stresses occur during welding; residual stress and distortion result after welding. In this paper, the aluminium A356 cast tube MIG welding is studied. The software Sysweld [6] was used for welding simulations. The objective is to validate the capability of this software in predicting the distortion of the welded tubes in the presence of large gaps. In this work, the porosity of welds was checked after welding using the X-ray technique. The heat source parameters were identified based on the weld cross-sections and welding parameters. Full 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical simulations were performed. The distortions predicted by the numerical simulations were compared to experimental results measured after welding by a CMM machine.ExperimentsExperimental setupTwo square tubes are made of A356 by sand casting and then machined. They are assembled by four MIG welds, named W1 to W4. Their dimensions and the welding configuration are depicted in Figure 1. Both small (inner) and large (outer) tubes are well positioned on a fixture using v-blocks as shown in Figure 2. The dimensions of the tubes make a peripheral gap of 1 mm between them. This fixture is fixed on a positioner that allows the welding process to be carried out always in the horizontal position. The length of each weld is of 35 mm. The Fronius welding head, which is mounted on a Motoman robot, was used for the MIG welding process. Table 1 indicates the parameters of the welding process forthis welding configuration.a)b)Figure 1: Tube welding configuration: a) cross-section view, b) tube dimensionsFigure 2: Experimental setup for tube weldingTestingThe porosity of welds was observed before and after welding using the X-ray technique to check the quality of these welds according to the standard ASTM E155. The whole welded tubes were then tested by traction on a MTS testing machine. The final dimensions of the welded tubes are measured on a CMM machine at many points on the tubes. The distortion of the welded tubes is determined by comparing the final positions with the initial positions of the tubes.Numerical analysisIn Sysweld, a welding analysis is performed based on a weak-coupling formulation between the heat transfer and mechanical problems. Only the thermal history will affect on the mechanical properties, but not in reverse direction. Therefore, a thermal metallurgical mechanical analysis is divided into two steps. The first step is a thermal metallurgical analysis, in which the heat transferred from the welding source makes phase changes during the welding process. The results of temperature and phase changes from the first step are then used as input for the second analysis. It is a pure thermo-elasto-plastic simulation [6].Heat source model identificationBefore running a welding simulation, it is necessary to determine the parameters of the heat source model. This is called heat source fitting. Actually, it is a thermal simulation using this heat source model in the steady state, which iscombined with an optimization tool to obtain the parameters of the heat source. Figure 3 presents the form of a 3D conical heat source of which the energy distribution is described in Eq (1) as follows:F=Q0exp(-r²/r0²) (1)in which Q0 denotes the power density; and r，r0 are defined byr²=(x-x0)²+(x-x0-v t)²(2)andr0=r e-(r e-r i)(z e-z+z0)/(z e-z i) (3)where（x0,y0,z0)is the origin of the local coordinate system of the heat source; r e and r i the radius of the heat source at the positions z e and z i,respectively;v the welding speed and t the time.In this study, a metallographic cross-section has been used to identify the heat source parameters as shown in Figure 4. The use of a 3D conical heat source fits very well the weld cross-section. The mesh size in the cross-section is around 0.5 mm for this case. The finer is the mesh, the more accurate is the shape of the melting pool, but the longer is the simulation.Figure 3: 3D conical heat source (Sysweld).a)b)Figure 4: (a) Metallographic cross-section, (b) Melting pool cross-section.Analysis modelThe mesh of the tubes was created in Hypermesh 7.0. Sysweld 2007 has been used as solver and pre/post processor. A full 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical analysis with brick and prism elements. Two welding sequences have been done such as W1/W2/W3/W4 and W1/W3/W2/W4. The tubes are clamped using four v-blocks during the welding, two for each tube. In the simulations, the positions where the tubes are in contact against the surfaces of the v-blocks are considered as fixed conditions (i.e. Ux = Uy = Uz = 0). In the release phase, the tubes are free from the v-blocks.ResultsThe distortion of the welded tube is measured when it is released from the constraints. The distortion is determined by measuring the displacement of the small tube on the top andlateral surfaces along the centre line of the tube. These measures are relative to the large tube. Figures 5a-b depict the distortion predicted by the numerical simulations of the sequence W1/W2/W3/W4 and W1/W3/2/W4, respectively. Good agreements between experimental and numerical results were obtained in the two welding sequences as indicated in Tables 2-3, in both the distortion tendency and distortion range of the process variation.a)b)Figure 5: Tube distortion (Norm U): (a) Sequence W1/W2/W3/W4, (b) Sequence W1/W3/W2/W4.Table 2: Distortion result comparison (welding sequence W1/W2/W3/W4)a)b)Figure 7: State of stresses Sxy (a) Clamped, (b) Released. (Red = positive, Blue = negative)a)b)Figure 8: State of stresses Sxz (a) Clamped, (b) Released. (Red = positive, Blue = negative) Figures 6-8 shows the state of the stresses of the welded tubes at room temperature for the sequence W1/W2/W3/W4 after welding when clampled and released from constraints (x is the direction along the axe of the welded tube). To show how the welded tube is distorted, positive-negative values are used instead of the true values of stresses. The distortion of the welded tube can be explained as the new equilibrium position due to the residual stresses when there is no external load. It is remarked that in the presence of large gaps, the distortion of the welded tube is very likely in the rotational mode around local welds.ConclusionsThe MIG welding is very good for assembling aluminium cast tubes (hollow parts) in the presence of large gaps.The 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical simulation of the cast tube welding using Sysweld has been validated. A very good agreement between numerical and experimental results was obtained for both the distortion tendency and distortion range.The welding sequence has a major influence on the distortion of the welded structure. It turns out that the optimization of the welding sequences for a reasonable distortion of a welded structure with a large number of welds becomes very important.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank gratefully Rio Tinto Alcan and General Motor for financial and technical supports, particularly Martin Fortier and Pei-Chung Wang. Also, the authors are grateful to Welding Team at ATC (Audrey Boily, Martin Larouche, François Nadeau and Mario Patry) for experimental works.References1. K-H. Von Zengen, Aluminium in future cars – A challenge for materials science, Materials Science Forum, 519-521 (Part 2), 1201-1208 (2006).2. S. Wiesner S., M. Rethmeier and H. Wohlfart, MIG and laser welding of aluminium alloy pressure die cast parts with wrought profiles, Welding International, 19 (2), 130-133 (2005).3. R. Akhter, L. Ivanchev, C.V.Rooyen, P. Kazadi and H.P. Burger, Laser welding of SSM Cast A356 aluminium alloy processed with CSIR-Rheo technology, Solid State Phenomena, 116-117, 173-176 (2006).4. J.F. Lancaster, Metallurgy of welding, Abington Publishing (1999).5. Φ. Grong, Metallurgical modelling of welding, The institute of materials (1997).6. Sysweld, Sysweld reference manual, ESI Group (2005).译文铸造A356铝合金的焊接模拟X-T. Pham*, P. Gougeon and F-O. GagnonAluminium Technology Centre, National Research Council Canada Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada摘要：空心铝铸造件的焊接是一个很有前途的新结构组件技术的趋势。
反应釜英文
Jacketed glass reactor can be used to do high temperature experiment(max temperature is 250℃),as well as low temperature experiment(min temperature is -60℃) and vacuum test.It is an ideal equipment for modern chemistry small and medium-sized experiment,bio-pharmaceuticals and new materials synthesis. Furthermore,the design of this reactor is unique,which can guarantee experiments of more convenient and safer.Operating principle:1 The inner layer is used to inject reaction material.2 The constant temperature fluid,which be injectted in the jacketed glass,can be replaced by hot solution or cooling liquid,to do cycle heating or cooling reaction.3 The reaction material can be stirred by stirring rod.4 The reaction process happened in the vessel.5 The evaporation and backflow of reaction material can be controlled.6 When the reaction is completed,the reaction material can be released from the discharge port,which is in the bottom of the reactor.This operation is quite convenient.Main fittings:1 Motor:high quality motor,it can work for 168 hours,just also work normally under the condition of strong acid,strong alkali or when its temperature is 90 centigrade.Itbelongs to VVVF,AC induction motor.Speed constant,no brush,no sparks,security and stable.2 Stirring rod:the material of stirring rod is PTFE of stainless steel 304.The structure of paddle is four-leaf and double-layer,so it is easy to stir evenly.The stirring rod of mini glass reactor is trefoil propeller structure.3 Decentralization of material:flange mouth and PTFE valve,fixed by aluminum flange,and fastened with metal screws.There is no dead corner in the container,so it is easy to outlet the reaction material.Features:1 All of the glass adopts Pyrex,which can ensure good chemical and physical properties.2 If hot oil cycles through the jacketed glass,heating experiments could be done.On the contrary,low temperature experiments can be done if the circulated fluid is cold.3 The heat of reaction could be taken away quickly through water,which cycling in the jacketed glass.4 Large mouth design makes it easy to cleaning,standard mouth makes theassembly and backflow could be chose.5 It can be use as distillation syntheses device.6 Titanium alloy mechanical sealing.So the sealing is more stability,the stirring is more evenly,the rusting is disappearance.There is a fluororubber seal between titanium alloy circle and PTFE.Each glass reactor must through the strict tests before leaving factory,the sealing performance is 0.098Mpa.7 The temperature is measured by PT100 electronic.LCD display makes it is easier and more convenient to measure temperature.Parameters:We guarantee one year warranty for all the reactor.Within one year, any fault caused by non-artificial reason we should maintain it freely.。
搪玻璃反应釜英汉互译
搪玻璃反应釜Glass lining reactor1概述 1 overview）2应用范围 2 application scope3维护保养 3 maintenance4保管方法 4 preservation methods5制作流程 5 process1概述搪玻璃反应釜是将含高二氧化硅的玻璃，衬在钢制容器的内表面，经高温灼烧而牢固地密着于金属表面上成为复合材料制品。
所以，它具有玻璃的稳定性和金属强度的双重优点，是一种优良的耐腐蚀设备。
1 overviewGlass lining reactor is to contain high silica glass, lined on the inner surface of the steel container, high-temperature calcination and firmly on the metal surface be compositematerial products. So, it has the double advantage of the stability of the glass and metal strength, is a kind of excellent corrosion resistant equipment.2应用范围搪玻璃反应釜广泛地应用于化工、石油、医药、农药、食品等工业Range of applicationGlass lining reactor is widely used in chemical, petroleum, medicine, agricultural chemicals, food and other industries3维护保养（1）每班(经常)巡回检查搪玻璃反应釜的釜内及夹套操作压力、温度、真空度等是否在设备许可的安全操作范围之内(尤其是反应釜夹套的使用压力不允许超压)，搅拌在转动时要时常关注设备的运行声音，注意釜内温度计套管及搅拌的有否异常。
搪玻璃反应釜英汉互译
搪玻璃反应釜Glass lining reactor1概述 1 overview）2应用范围 2 application scope3维护保养 3 maintenance4保管方法 4 preservation methods5制作流程 5 process1概述搪玻璃反应釜是将含高二氧化硅的玻璃，衬在钢制容器的内表面，经高温灼烧而牢固地密着于金属表面上成为复合材料制品。
所以，它具有玻璃的稳定性和金属强度的双重优点，是一种优良的耐腐蚀设备。
1 overviewGlass lining reactor is to contain high silica glass, lined on the inner surface of the steel container, high-temperature calcination and firmly on the metal surface be compositematerial products. So, it has the double advantage of the stability of the glass and metal strength, is a kind of excellent corrosion resistant equipment.2应用范围搪玻璃反应釜广泛地应用于化工、石油、医药、农药、食品等工业Range of applicationGlass lining reactor is widely used in chemical, petroleum, medicine, agricultural chemicals, food and other industries3维护保养（1）每班(经常)巡回检查搪玻璃反应釜的釜内及夹套操作压力、温度、真空度等是否在设备许可的安全操作范围之内(尤其是反应釜夹套的使用压力不允许超压)，搅拌在转动时要时常关注设备的运行声音，注意釜内温度计套管及搅拌的有否异常。
不锈钢反应釜的分类
不锈钢反应釜的分类英文回答：Classification of Stainless Steel Reactors.Stainless steel reactors are widely used in various industries for chemical reactions. They are known for their durability, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Theclassification of stainless steel reactors can be based on different criteria, such as design, function, and application. Let me explain the different types ofstainless steel reactors and provide examples for better understanding.1. Based on Design:a. Vertical Reactors: These reactors have a vertical cylindrical shape and are commonly used for reactions that require a high degree of mixing. They are suitable forprocesses like polymerization, crystallization, and distillation. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, vertical reactors are used for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).b. Horizontal Reactors: As the name suggests, these reactors have a horizontal cylindrical shape. They are preferred for reactions that involve gas-liquid or liquid-liquid phases. Horizontal reactors are commonly used in industries such as petrochemicals, food processing, and wastewater treatment. For instance, in the food industry, horizontal reactors are used for the production of sauces and condiments.2. Based on Function:a. Batch Reactors: These reactors are used for carrying out reactions in batches. They are suitable for processes that require precise control of reactionconditions and allow for easy cleaning and maintenance. Batch reactors are commonly used in the production of specialty chemicals, dyes, and pharmaceutical intermediates.For example, in the production of specialty chemicals, batch reactors are used for the synthesis of custom-made compounds.b. Continuous Reactors: Unlike batch reactors, continuous reactors operate continuously, allowing for a steady flow of reactants and products. They are ideal for large-scale production and continuous processing. Continuous reactors are widely used in industries such as oil refining, polymerization, and water treatment. For instance, in the oil refining industry, continuous reactors are used for the conversion of crude oil into various petroleum products.3. Based on Application:a. High-Pressure Reactors: These reactors are designed to handle reactions that require high pressures. They are built with robust materials and safety features to ensure the containment of high-pressure reactions. High-pressure reactors are used in industries like chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and energy production. Forexample, in the energy industry, high-pressure reactors are used for the synthesis of hydrogen gas through steam reforming.b. Low-Temperature Reactors: These reactors are designed to operate at low temperatures, often below freezing point. They are used for reactions that are sensitive to heat or require cryogenic conditions. Low-temperature reactors find applications in industries such as food preservation, cryogenic storage, and pharmaceutical research. For instance, in the pharmaceutical research field, low-temperature reactors are used for the synthesis of certain drugs that are unstable at higher temperatures.In conclusion, stainless steel reactors can be classified based on design, function, and application. The choice of reactor type depends on the specific requirements of the reaction process. Whether it is a vertical or horizontal reactor, a batch or continuous reactor, or a high-pressure or low-temperature reactor, each type serves a unique purpose in various industries. Understanding the classification of stainless steel reactors helps inselecting the most suitable reactor for specific chemical reactions.中文回答：不锈钢反应釜的分类。
化工设备常用词汇中英文对照复习进程
化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble pump螺杆泵screw (spiral pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump圭寸闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump 轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator 混合器mixer 静态混合器static mixers 管道混合器line mixers 混合槽mixing tanks 破碎机crusher 磨碎机grinder 研磨机pulverizer 球磨机ballmill 过滤器filter 分离器separator 干燥器drier 翅片fins 烟囱stack 火炬flare 筛子screen 煅烧窑calciner 倾析器decanter再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator 洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor^心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compresso固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchange萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories 液体分配（布器liquid distributor 填料支持板support plate 定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶（底层塔盘top （bottom tray 挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher 锤式破碎机hammer crusher 冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer 棍磨机rod mill 雷蒙机raymond mill 锤磨机hammer mill 辊磨机roller mill 振动筛vibrating screen 回转筛rotary screen 风机fan 罗茨鼓风机root's blower 起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane 电动葫芦motor hoist 发电机generator 电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine。
反应釜外文翻译
┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊在搅拌釜中大涡模拟的混合时间化学工程学院,北京化工大学,北京100029,中国简要：大涡模拟(LES)的混合过程在一个直径0.476米的搅拌釜用3狭窄的叶片水翼CBY叶轮被报道。
湍流流场的计算和混合时间使用KES SmagorinskyLilly 次网格尺度模型。
叶轮旋转是建模使用滑动网格技术。
“电力需求和混合时间获得从实验和LES之间进行了预测要比传统的雷诺平均 n - s(RANS)方法要好。
示踪响应预测的曲线由LES和实验之间来预测的。
结果表明,LES是一个可靠的工具来研究在搅拌罐里不稳定周期行为的紊流。
关键词：大涡模拟,次网格尺度模型、混合时间、水翼叶轮1 介绍：机械搅拌罐广泛应用于许多工业过程。
在搅拌釜中流结构是高度三维并且复杂,涵盖范围广泛的空间和时间尺度。
液体是通过坦克传阅的作用下旋转叶轮。
这个漩涡叶轮旋转产生的,保留其相干就大量距离到散装液体,伴随着高剪切率和强烈的湍流活动。
因此,他们是必不可少的在流场的混合性能。
混合时间,θm,是时候需要混合添加二级液体与容器的内容有一定程度的均匀性,通常θ95为了达到95%以上最后的浓度。
在任何情况下,混合时间的一个搅拌釜通常用于指示其有效性。
知识的混合时是需要时间的优化设计的搅拌罐。
在过去的30年广泛的实验研究已报道混合时间。
在过去的二十年里,进展取得了在计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟混合过程拥有伟大的计算机技术的进步。
Ranadeetal 用数值仿真给详细的流和散装混合产生的向下流投球叶片涡轮在一个完全困惑的圆柱形容器。
undenetal 和Schmalzriedt和罗伊斯形式-迟来的脉冲示踪实验解决了材料在三维流场平衡与拉什顿涡轮(DT6)他们建议的质量结果是高度依赖于精确的流体动力学计算,特别是关于湍流建模。
Jaworskietal报道,θ95计算大约两到三次测量值在与双DT6搅拌罐,并暗示这差异是因为大众交流的四个不同的轴径向循环循环是预测下大举CFD。
化工设备英文名称大全
目录 Contents1. 工艺设备Process Equipment 11.1. 塔Column 11.1.1. 板式塔和填料塔Plate Column and Packed Column 11.1.1.1. 液流型式Liquid – Flow Patterns 21.1.1.2. 泡罩（帽）塔盘Bubble Cap Trays 31.1.1.3. 浮阀塔盘Valve Trays 41.1.1.4. 筛板塔盘Sieve Trays 61.1.1.5. 穿流式塔盘和喷射型塔盘Dual – Flow Trays and Jet Trays 71.1.1.6. 塔盘的支承Supports of Tray 81.1.1.7. 塔底结构及重（再）沸器Bottom Structures and Reboilers 91.1.1.8. 进料和抽出Feed and Draw – Off 101.1.1.9. 填料Packings 121.1.1.10. 液体分配（布）器，再分配（布）器及填料支持版Liquid Distributors, Redistributors and Support Plates 131.1.1.11. 塔附件 Tower Attachments 141.1.1.12. 楼梯（梯子）和平台Stair and Platform 151.1.2. CO2吸收塔CO2Absorber 161.1.3. 再生塔/CO2汽提塔Regenerator / CO2 Stripper 171.1.4. 造粒塔Prill Tower 181.1.4.1. （造粒塔）总图及造粒喷头组装图General Assembly and Prill-Spray Assembly 181.1.4.2. 造粒塔扒料机Prill tower Reclaimer 201.2. 反应器Reactor 221.2.1. 氨合成塔Ammonia Converter 221.2.2. 聚合釜Polymerizer 241.2.3. 电解槽Cell 261.2.3.1. 隔膜电解槽Diaphragm Cells 261.2.3.2. 水银电解槽Mercury Cells 271.3. 贮罐Storage Tanks 281.3.1. 浮顶罐Floating Roof Tanks 301.3.1.1. 浮顶型式 Floating Roof Types 321.3.1.2. 浮顶罐的密封形式 Seal Types of Floating Roof Tank 341.3.2. 内浮顶罐 Covered Floating Roof Tanks 351.3.3. 低温贮罐Refrigerated Storage Tanks 361.4. 蒸发器Evaporators 371.5. 换热器Heat Exchangers 381.5.1. 换热器的名称Nomenclature of Heat Exchanger 401.5.1.1. 换热器部件Components of Heat Exchanger 401.5.1.2. 固定端头盖（或管箱），壳体及后端头盖型式Types of Stationary Head, Shell and Rear End Head 421.5.1.3. 管板Tubesheets 431.5.1.4. 管子－管板连接，膨胀节及其他零件Tube-Tube Sheet Joints, Expansion Join ts and Other Parts 441.5.1.5. 横向折流板和纵向折流板Transverse Baffles and Longitudinal Baffles 46 1.5.2. 套管式换热器和刮面式换热器Double-Pipc Heat Exchanger and Scraped-Surface Exchanger 471.5.3. 套管式纵向翅片换热器Double Pipe Longitudinal Finned Exchanger 481.5.4. 板式换热器Plate-Type Exchangers 491.5.5. 蒸汽表面冷凝器，凝汽器Steam Surface Condensers 501.5.6. 空冷器，空气冷却器Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers 511.5.6.1. 空冷器的组合形式Bay Arrangements of Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger 52 1.5.6.2. 管束和头盖（管箱）的典型结构Typical Construction of Tube Bundles and Headers 531.5.6.3. 空冷器的驱动装置Drive Arrangements for Air Cooler 541.5.6.4. 翅片Fins 551.5.6.5. 空冷器的温度控制Temperature Control of Air Cooler 561.5.7. 冷却塔，凉水塔（1）Cooling Towers(Ⅰ) 57冷却塔，凉水塔（2）Cooling Towers(Ⅱ) 581.6. 工业炉Furnace 601.6.1. 管式加热炉Pipe Heater 601.6.1.1. 管式加热炉型式Types of pipe Heaters (pipe Still Heater) 601.6.1.2. 加热炉Heaters 621.1.6.3. 燃烧器，烧嘴Burners 631.1.6.4. 炉管，联管箱和回弯头Tube, Headers and Return Bends 641.1.6.5. 管架Tube Supports 651.6.2. 转化炉Reformers (Reforming Furnaces) 661.6.3. 二段转化炉Secondary Reformer 671.6.4. 变换炉Shift Converter 681.6.5. 热回收和废热锅炉Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boiler 691.6.5.1. 热回收Heat Recovery 691.6.5.2. CO燃烧废热锅炉CO Firing Waste Heat Boiler 701.6.5.3. 第一废热锅炉Primary Waste Heat Boiler 711.6.5.4. 第二废热锅炉Secondary Waste Heat Boiler 721.6.6. 火炬Flare Stacks 731.7. 混合设备Mixing Equipment 741.7.1. 搅拌器型式（1）Types of Agitator(Ⅰ) 74搅拌器型式（2）Types of Agitator(Ⅱ) 761.7.2. 混合（搅拌）槽Mixing Tanks 771.7.3. 管道混合器Line Mixers (Flow Mixers) 781.7.4. 静止混合器Static Mixers 791.7.5. 膏状物料及粘性物料混（拌）合设备Paste and Viscous-Material Mixing Equipments 801.7.6. 固体混合机械Solids Mixing Machines 821.7.7. 双螺杆连续混合机Double Screw Continuous Mixer 831.8. 萃取器Extractors 841.8.1. 连续萃取设备，连续抽提设备Continuous Contact (Differential Contact) Equipments 841.8.2. 浸提设备Leaching Equipments 861.9. 旋风分离器、沉清器、过滤器和离心机Cyclone, Decanter, Filter and Centrifuger 871.9.1. 旋风分离器（1）Cyclone Separators (Ⅰ) 87旋风分离器（2）Cyclone Separators (Ⅱ) 881.9.2. 气体洗涤器Gas Scrubbers 901.9.3. 沉降罐，澄清器Gravity Settlers (Decanters) 921.9.4. 过滤机Filter 931.9.4.1 压滤机Pressure Filters 931.9.4.2 叶滤机Pressure Leaf Filters 941.9.4.3 袋式过滤器Bag Filters 951.9.4.4 转鼓真空过滤机Rotary-Drum Vacuum Filter 961.9.5. 离心式分离机Centrifugal Separator 971.9.5.1. 双鼓真空离心过滤机Double-Bowl Vacuum Centrifuge 971.9.5.2. 离心机Centrifuges 981.9.5.3. 静止叶片型离心式分离器Stationary Vane Type Centrifugal Separators 1001.10. 干燥器Dryers 1011.10.1. 间接干燥器Indirect Dryers 1011.10.2. 直接干燥器Direct Dryers 1021.10.3. 喷雾干燥器Spray Dryers 1041.10.3.1. 雾化喷头，喷雾嘴，雾化器Spray Nozzles (Atomizers) 1051.10.4. 气流(气动)输送干燥器Pneumatic Conveyor Dryers 1061.11. 其他Miscellaneous 1071.11.1. 石油炼制中的流化过程Fluidization Processes in Petroleum Refinery 107 1.11.1.1. 流态化Fluidization 1081.11.1.2. 流化床分布器Distributors for Fluidized Bed 1091.11.2. 破沫器及其应用Demister and Its Applications 1101.11.2.1. 破沫网的安装和纤维除雾器Installation of Mesh and Fiber Mist Eliminator 1111.11.3. 设备的支座和封头Supports and Heads of Equipments 1121.11.4. 立式容器的外部保温External Thermal Insulation for Vertical Vessel 1132. 泵Pump 1142.1. 各种型式的泵(1)Various Types of Pump (Ⅰ) 114各种型式的泵(2)Various Types of Pump (Ⅱ) 116各种型式的泵(3)Various Types of Pump (Ⅲ) 117各种型式的泵(4)Various Types of Pump (Ⅳ) 1182.2. 离心泵(1) Centrifugal Pump(Ⅰ) 119离心泵(2) Centrifugal Pump(Ⅱ) 120离心泵(3) Centrifugal Pump(Ⅲ) 1212.3. 管道泵Inline Pump 1222.4. 双作用蒸汽往复泵Duplex Acting Steam-Driven Reciprocating Pump 1232.5. 双作用活塞式往复泵Double Action Reciprocating Pump, Bucket Type 124 2.6. 混流泵 Mixed-Flow Pump 1262.7. 计量泵Metering Pumps 1272.8. 喷射泵Jet Pumps 1282.9. 喷射装置Ejector Units 1292.9.1. 喷射器的结构Ejector Structures 1303. 压缩机、鼓风机和风机Compressors Blowers and Fans 1313.1. 螺杆压缩机Screw Compressors 1313.2. 旋转式螺杆压缩机Rotary Helical Screw Compressors 1323.3. 活塞式压缩机Piston Compressors 1333.4. 往复式压缩机Reciprocating Compressors 1343.5. 低密度聚乙烯(超)高压压缩机High Pressure Compressor for Low Density Polyethylene Process 1363.5.1. 高压气缸和中心型组合阀High-Pressure Cylinder and Central Valve 138 3.5.2. 卸荷阀并及其他阀Unloading Valve and Other Valves 1403.6. 水平剖分式离心压缩机Horizontally Split Centrifugal Compressor 1423.7. 鼓风机，压气机Blowers 1443.8. 风机Fans 1463.9. 典型的空气压缩机装置Typical Compressor Installation 1484. 输送机和提升机 Conveyor and Elevator 1494.1. 垂直提升(输送)机Vertical Elevator (Conveyor) 1494.1.1. 斗式提升机Bucket Elevator 1494.1.2. 垂直提升输送机和箱类提升机Vertical Rising Conveyor and Case Elevator 1504.1.3. 双带提升机Twin Riser 1514.2. 带式输送机Band (Belt) Conveyor 1524.2.1. 带式输送机示意图Band Conveyor Sketch 1524.2.2. 输送机系统Conveyor Systems 1534.2.3. 带式输送机Band Conveyor 1544.2.4. 中心距超过600英尺的单轮传动带式输送机用的张紧装置Take-up Unit for Single Drum Drive Belt Conveyor Exceeding 600 Feet Centres 1554.2.5. 双轮传动带式输送机的张紧装置Take-up Unit for Dual Drum Drive Belt Conveyor 1564.2.6. 拼装式皮带运输机和移动式皮带运输机Pre-built Sectional Belt Conveyor and Mobile Belt Conveyor 1574.3. 螺旋输送机Screw Conveyor 1584.4. 吊挂式链输送机和振动输送机Chain Trolley Conveyor and Vibrating Conveyor 1594.4.1. 吊挂式链输送机部件Units of Chain Trolley Conveyor 1604.5. 辊子输送机Roller Conveyors 1624.6. 惰轮(托辊)型式Types of Idlers 1634.6.1. 托辊(惰轮)结构Construction of Iders 1645. 破碎和筛分设备Crushing and Screening Equipment 1665.1. 颚式破碎机Jaw crusher 1665.2. 颚式冲击破碎机Impact Jaw Crusher 1685.3. 回转球形破碎机Gyrasphere Crusher 1695.4. 盘式回转破碎机Tray Type Gyratory Crusher 1705.5. 液压锥形破碎机和冲击式破碎机(叶片破碎机) Hydraulic Cone Crusher and Impact Crusher (Impeller Breaker) 1725.6. 辊子粉碎机Roller Mill 1735.7. 双轴锤击破碎机Double Shaft Hammer Mill 1745.8. 球磨机Ball Mill 1765.9. 干燥粉磨机Dryer-Pulveriser 1775.10. 返混设备布置Layout of Backmixing Equipment 1785.11. 振动筛Vibrating Screen 1795.12. 分级机Classifiers 1806. 塑料和橡胶加工成型机械 Forming Machine For Plastics and Rubber 1816.1. 挤压机Extruder 1816.2. 螺杆注塑机Screw Injection Moulding Machine 1826.3. 聚氯乙烯辊压机生产线Calender Line for PVC Production 1836.4. 四辊辊压机Four-Roll Calender 1847. 给料机，称量器和包装机Feeder, Weighing and Bagging Machine 1867.1. 振动给料机Vibrating Feeder 1867.2. 电振动给料机Electric Vibrating Feeder 1887.3. 板式给料机Apron Feeder 1897.4. (粉末)均匀自动给料机Smooth Auto-Feeder 1907.5. 带式计量秤Dosing Belt Weigher 1917.6. 定量给料秤Constant Feed Weigher 1927.7. 自动装袋系统 Automatic Bagging System 1938. 汽轮机Steam Turbine 1948.1. 汽轮机的分类(1) Classification of Steam Turbines (Ⅰ) 194汽轮机的分类(2) Classification of Steam Turbines (Ⅱ) 1968.2. 汽轮机的循环Steam Turbine Cycles 1978.3. 汽轮机供汽方式 Methods of Steam Supply to a Turbine 1988.4. 单级汽轮机Single Stage Steam Turbine 1998.5. 冲动式汽轮机Impulse Turbines 2008.6. 汽轮机轴封Turbine Glands and Gland Sealings 2028.7. 汽轮机的润滑Lubrication of Steam Turbine 2048.8. 汽轮机调速器及调速Governors and Governing of Steam Turbine 2068.9. 汽轮机调速器 Turbine Governor 2088.10. 超速脱扣装置(保安器) Overspeed Tripping Device 2108.11. 汽轮机的安装 Installation of Steam Turbine 2119. 锅炉 Boiler 2129.1. 火管锅炉及水管锅炉的基本型式 Basic Patterns for Fire and Water Tube Boiler 2129.2. 椭圆管板换热器 Ellipsoidal Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 2139.3. 水冷管夹套换热器 Cooling Tubes and Jacket Heat Exchanger 2149.4. 蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(1) Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅰ) 215蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(2) Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅱ) 216蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(3) Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅲ) 218蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(4) Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅳ) 2199.5. 过热器 Superheater 2209.6. 减温器 Attemperators 2219.7. 空气预热器 Air Preheater 2229.8. 炉排 Grates 2249.9. 下饲炉排 Underfeed Stoker 2259.10. 喷燃器，燃烧器 Burners 2269.11. 省煤器 Economizer 2289.12. 抛煤机 Spreader Feeders 2299.13. 磨煤机 Pulverizers 23010. 机械零件 Machine Element 23110.1. 万向节 FUniversal Joints 23110.2. 联轴器 Couplings 23210.3. 液力联轴器(1) Fluid Couplings (Ⅰ) 234液力联轴器(2) Fluid Couplings (Ⅱ) 23510.4. 轴颈密封，圆周密封 Circumferential Seals 23610.5. 端面密封，轴封，轴端连接件 Face Seals, Shaft Sealings and End Fittings 237 10.6. 滚子轴承，滚柱轴承 Roller Bearings 23810.7. 球轴承，滚珠轴承Ball Bearings 23910.8. 加油机构 Oiling Devices 24010.9. 紧固件 Fastener 24110.9.1. 螺栓和双头螺柱 Bolts and Studs (stud bolts) 24110.9.2. 螺钉的头部和端部型式 Heads and Points of Screw 24210.9.3. 螺母 Nuts 24310.9.4. 非螺纹紧固件 Non-threaded Fasteners 24411. 配管(管路)和管件 Piping and Fitting 24511.1. 阀杆与阀盖结构 Valve Stem and Bonnet Designs 24511.2. 阀门(1) Valves(Ⅰ) 246阀门(2) Valves(Ⅱ) 248阀门(3) Valves(Ⅲ) 249阀门(4) Valves(Ⅳ) 25011.3. 闸阀 Gate Valve 25111.4. 截止阀 Globe Valve 25211.5. 球阀 Ball Valve 25311.6. 止回阀 Check Valve 25411.7. 弹簧安全泄压阀 Spring Safety-Relief Valve 25511.8. 液面控制浮球阀 Pilot Operated Ball Float Valve 25611.9. 波纹管密封闸门阀 Bellows Sealed Gate Valve 25711.10. 热膨胀阀 Thermo Expansion Valve 25811.11. 阀门操纵机构 Valve Operating Mechanisms 25911.12. 蒸汽疏水阀(器)和空气疏水阀(器) Steam Traps and Air Traps 26011.13. 管道附件 Pipe Line Fitments 26211.14. 法兰、法兰密封面及垫片 Flanges, Flange Facings and Gaskets 26411.15. 填料 Packings 26611.16. 管件 Pipe Fitting 26711.16.1. 法兰管件 Flanged Fittings 26711.16.2. 螺纹管件 Threaded Fittings 26811.16.3. 钢焊接管件 Steel-Welding Fittings 26911.17. 塑料压接管接头 Plastics Compression Joints 27011.18. 预制弯管与膨胀节 Fabricated Pipe Bends and Expansion Joints 27111.19. 管子连接 Joints in Tubing and Pipe 27211.20. 管道绝热 Piping Insulation 27311.21. 管吊与管支架 Pipe Hangers and Pipe Supports 27411.22. 急救冲洗和洗眼站 Safety Shower and Eyewash Station Hose Station 软管站27612. 量测仪表 Instrumentation 27712.1. 液位(面)计 Level Gage 27712.1.1. 就地安装直读液面计 Locally Mounted Direct Reading Level Gages 27712.1.2. 浮筒式液面计 Displacement Type Level Gages 27812.1.3. 液面调节器及液位开关 Level Controllers and Switches 27912.2. 压力测量仪表 Pressure Instruments 28012.2.1. 液体压力计 Manometers 28212.2.2. 压力测量的新成果 New Developments in Pressure Measurements 28312.2.3. 压力表的安装 Installation of Pressure Guage 28412.3. 流量测量元件 Flow Measuring Element 28512.3.1. 速率式流量计 Inferential Meters①(Fluid Velocity Meter) 28512.3.1.1. 涡轮流量计 Turbine Meter 28512.3.1.2. 漩涡流量计 Vortex flow meter 28612.3.1.3. 漩涡流量计测量系统 Vortex Flow meter Measurement System 28712.3.2. 一次流量元件 Primary Flow Elements 28812.3.3. 容积式流量计 Positive Displacement Type Flow Meters 29012.3.4. 可变面积(定压降)式流量计 Variable Area Type Flow Meters 29212.3.5. 差压流量计的安装 Installation of Head Meters 29412.3.6. 面积式流量计及计量泵 Area Meters and metering pumps 29612.3.7. 其他流量计(1) Other Flow Meters(Ⅰ) 297其他流量计(2) Other Flow Meters(Ⅱ) 29812.4. 温度计 Thermometer 29912.4.1. 热电偶 Thermocouple 29912.4.2. 液体膨胀温度计及双金属温度计 Liquid Expansion and Bimetallic Thermometer 30012.4.3. 电阻式温度计及热敏电阻 Resistance Thermometer and Thermistor 302 12.4.4. 压力式温度计 Filled System Thermometer 30312.4.5. 辐射高温计 Radiation Pyrometer 30412.4.6. 光学高温计 Optical Pyrometer 30512.4.7. 电动指示调节器 Electritic Indicating Controller 30612.4.8. 气动指示调节器 Pneumatic Indicating Controller 30712.4.9. 多点长图温度记录仪 Multi-Point Long Chart Temperature Recorder 308 12.4.10. 控制操作箱 Control Station 30912.4.11. 记录纸 Charts 31012.5. 变送器 Transmitter 31112.5.1. 压力变送器 Pressure Transmitter 31112.5.2. 差压变送器 Differential Pressure Transmitters 31212.5.3. 气动温度变送器 Pneumatic Temperature Transmitter 31412.5.4. 物位变送器 Level Transmitters 31512.6. 调节(控制)器 Controller 31612.6.1. 液位调节器 Liquid Level Controller 31612.6.2. 气动调节器 Pneumatic Controller 31712.6.3. 弹簧管调节器 Bourdon Tube Controller 31812.7. 调节阀 Control Valve 31912.7.1. 薄膜及活塞执行机构 Diaphragm and Piston Actuators 32012.7.2. 调节阀阀盖 Bonnets of Control Valve 32112.7.3. 调节阀阀体(1) Control Valve Bodies (Ⅰ) 322调节阀阀体(2) Control Valve Bodies (Ⅱ) 32312.7.4. 阀芯及笼式阀芯 Valve plugs and Cages 32412.7.5. 阀内组件(组成)部分 Components Valve Trim①32512.7.6. 调节阀的作用及导向 Acting and Guiding of Control Valve 32612.7.7. 调节阀定位器 Positioner of Control Valve 32712.7.8. 调节阀手动机构 Handjack Assembly of Control Valve 32812.7.9. 气动活塞定位器 Pneumatic Piston Positioner 32912.8. 氧分析器 Oxygen Analysis Equipment 33012.9. 二氧化碳分析器 Carbon Dioxide Analyzer 33212.10. PH计 pH meters 33312.11. 粘度测量仪表 Viscosity Measuring Instruments 33412.12. 比重仪表 Specific Gravity Instrument 33612.13. 速度测量与控制 Speed Measurement and Control 33712.14. 仪表盘 Instrument Panels 33812.15. 温度控制 Temperature Control 34012.16. 信号系统Annunciators Systems 34112.16.1. 集中式信号器 Integral Annunciators 34212.16.2. 分离式信号器及半模拟式信号器 Remote Annunciator and Semigraphic Annunciator 34312.17. 继动器 Relays 34412.18. 仪表管件及仪表箱 Instrumentation Tube Fittings and Housings 34612.19. 仪表图例符号及名称 Instrumentation Symbols and Identifications 34812.20. 总体分散控制系统(1) Total Distributed Control System(Ⅰ) 35012.21. 总体分散系统(2) Total Distributed Control System(Ⅱ) 35112.22. 总体分散系统(3) Total Distributed Control System(Ⅲ) 35212.23. 总体分散系统(4) Total Distributed Control System(Ⅳ) 35312.24. 总体分散系统(5) Total Distributed Control System(Ⅴ) 35412.25. 总体分散系统(6) Total Distributed Control System(Ⅵ) 35513. 电气工程 Electrical Engineering 35613.1. 旋转电机 Electrical Rotating Machine 35613.1.1. 直流电机 Direct-Current Machine 35613.1.2. 直流发电机 Direct-Current Generator 35713.1.3. AC换向电机 AC Commutator Machine 35813.1.4. 交流电动机 Alternating-Current Motor 35913.1.5. 滑环式感应电动机 Slip-ring Type Induction Motor 36013.1.6. 无刷同步电动机 Brushless Synchronous Motor 36213.1.7. 同步电动机的无刷励磁 Brushless Excitation of Synchronous Motor 36313.1.8. 线槽和绕组 Slots and Windings 36413.2. 变压器 Transformer 36513.2.1. 油浸式变压器正视图 Oil Immersed Transformer Front View 36513.2.2. 油浸式变压器侧视图 Oil Immersed Transformer Side View 36613.2.3. 油浸式变压器外视图 Oil Immersed Transformer Exterior 36713.3. 整流器和电池 Rectifier and Battery 36813.3.1. 整流器 Rectifier 36813.3.2. 原电池(1) Primary Batteries(Ⅰ) 369原电池(2) Primary Batteries(Ⅱ) 37013.4. 高压开关装置 High Voltage Switchgear 37213.4.1. 金属封闭式开关装置 Metal-Enclosed Switchgear 37213.4.2. 金属高压开关柜 Metal-Clad High-Voltage Cubicle 37313.4.3. 六氟化硫断路器 SF6 Circuit-Breaker 37413.4.4. T型断路器 T-Breaker 37613.4.5. 电动机操纵机构 Motor Drive 37713.5. 低压开关 Low-Voltage Switches 37813.5.1. 限流空气断器 Currentt-Limiting Air-Break Circuit-Breaker 37813.5.2. 塑料外壳断路器 Moulded Case Circuit-Breaker 37913.5.3. 控制开关 Control Switches 38013.5.3.1. 按钮开关 Pushbutton Switches 38213.5.3.2. 凸轮旋转开关 Cam Switches 38413.6. 电磁设备 Electromagnetic Apparatus 38613.6.1. 电磁机构和器件 Electromagnetic Mechanism and Devices 38613.6.2. 电磁继电器 Electromagnetic Relays 38813.6.3. 电压调整继电器 Voltage Regulating Relay 39013.7. 电气防爆 Electrical Explosion-proof 39113.7.1. 危险场所内的电力和照明安装 Power and Lighting Installation in Hazardous Location 39113.7.2. 防爆设备 Explosion-proof Apparatus 39213.8. 供电系统 Power Supply System 39413.8.1. 热电厂 Thermal Power Plant 39413.8.1.1. 节能发电厂 Energy Saving Power plant 39613.8.2. 变电所屋内配电装置 Indoor Installations of Electric Substation 39813.8.3. 铁塔及电杆 Towers and Poles 39913.8.4. 静电除尘器 Electrostatic Precipitator 40013.9. 内线 Interior Wiring 40113.9.1. 电缆 Cables 40113.9.2. 熔断器 Fuses 40413.9.3. 连接器和端子 Connectors and Terminals 40613.9.4. 灯泡 Lamps 40713.9.5. 电热器件 Electroheating Devices 40814. 施工设备和工具 Construction Equipment and Tool 40914.1. 起重机械 Hoisting Machinery 40914.1.1. 桅杆起重机，转臂起重机 Derricks 40914.1.2. 安装起重机 Erecting Cranes 41014.1.3. 起重设备 Hoisting Devices 41214.1.4. 起重机(1) Cranes(Ⅰ) 413起重机(2) Cranes(Ⅱ) 414起重机(3) Cranes(Ⅲ) 41514.1.5. 手拉葫芦和千斤顶 Chain Hoists and Jacks 41614.1.6. 麻绳，钢丝绳，绳结和吊索 Hemp Ropes, Cable Wires, Knots and Sling Chains 41814.1.7. 起重机用的起吊附件 Lifting Attachments for Crane Use 42014.1.8. 叉式起重车的附属配件 Fork-Truck Attachments 42114.2. 工具 Tools 42214.2.1. 扳手 Wrenches 42214.2.2. 活扳手及管钳 Adjustable Wrenches and Pipe Wrenches 42314.2.3. 钳和剪钳 Pliers and Nippers 42414.2.4. 刀具的柄部、套节及套筒 Shanks, Sockets and Sleeves 42514.2.5. 丝锥 Taps 42614.2.6. 绞刀 Reamers 42714.2.7. 麻花钻 Twist Drills 42814.2.8. 木工工具 Wood Working Tools 42914.2.9. 检测规 Inspection Gages 43014.2.10. 量具 Measuring Tools 43115. 焊接 Welding 43215.1. 金属焊接 Welding of Metals 43215.2. 焊接符号 Welding Symbols 43415.3. 保护式电弧焊原理 Principles of Shielded Arc Welding 43515.4. 焊接位置、接头形式及焊接形式 Welding Positions, Types of Joints and Welding 43615.5. 坡口 Grooves 43715.6. 坡口详图 Detail of Grooves 43815.7. 焊接缺陷 Defects of Welding 43915.8. 填角焊，角焊 Fillet Welding 44015.9. 自动埋弧焊 Automatic Submerged Arc Welding 44115.10. 气体保护电弧焊 Gas-Shielded Arc Welding 44215.11. 金属极楕性气体保护焊 Gas Metal-Arc welding 44415.12. 金属极气体保护焊焊枪 Electrode Guns of Gas Metal-Arc Welding 44515.13. 普通电渣焊 Conventional Electroslag Welding 44615.14. 熔嘴电渣焊 Electroslag Welding by Consumable Guide Tube 44715.15. 电气焊 Electrogas Welding 44815.16. 管状焊丝电弧焊 Flux-Cored Arc Welding 45015.17. 气焊设备 Gas Welding Equipment 45115.18. 移动式乙炔发生器 Portable Acetylene Generators 45215.19. 乙炔发生器的基本型式 Basic Types of Acetylene Generators 453 15.20. 塑料焊接(1) Welding of Plastics(Ⅰ) 454塑料焊接(2) Welding of Plastics(Ⅱ) 45516. 无损检验 No-Destructive Testing 45616.1. 无损检验方法 Non-Destructive Testing Method 45616.2. 探孔镜及显微镜 Borescope and Microscope 45816.3. X射线发生管及其线路 X-ray Tube and Its Circuit 45916.4. 射线照相及电子照相 Photoradiography and Electroradiography 460 16.5. 轻便X射线机及透度计 Mobile X-ray Unit and Penetrometer 461 16.6. 超声波探伤方法及探头 Ultrasonic Test Methods and Search Units 462 16.7. 超声波发射探头及接受探头 Ultrasonic Transducer and Refraction 463 16.8. 配管焊缝的超声波探伤 Ultrasonic Testing of Weld in Tubing 464 16.9. 液体渗透试验 Liquid Penetrant Test 46516.10. 磁化法 Methods of Magnetization 46617. 土建工程 Civil Engineering and Building 46717.1. 地形图和土层剖面图 Topographical Map and Subsoil Profile 467 17.2. 土壤与基础 Soils and Foundations 46817.3. 桩的形式 Types of Pile 46917.4. 设备基础 Foundations for Equipment 47017.5. 大型设备的锚固(1) Anchorage of Heavy Machine(Ⅰ) 471大型设备的锚固(2) Anchorage of Heavy Machine(Ⅱ) 47217.6. 道路和路面 Road and Paving 47317.7. 屋顶的形式 Types of Roof 47417.8. 薄壳屋顶 Shell Roofs 47517.9. 钢筋混凝土结构 Reinforced Concrete Construction 47617.10. 钢结构 Steel Construction 47817.10.1. 钢结构连接详图 Structural Steel Connection Details 48017.10.2. 钢构件的连接 Connection of Steel Members 48117.10.3. 钢栏杆 Steel Balustrade 48217.10.4. 钢扶梯和梯子 Steel Stairs and Ladders 48317.11. 多层工业厂房 Multistory Industrial Buildings 48417.12. 门的形式 Types of Doors 48517.13. 窗的形式 Types of Windows 48617.13.1. 窗的组成 Components of a Window 48717.14. 工业构筑物 Industrial Structures 48817.14.1. 管支架 Pipe Supports 48817.14.2. 烟囱的形式 Types of Chimneys 49017.14.3. 排气筒 Vent Stacks 49117.14.4. 水塔的形式 Types of Water Towers 49217.14.5. 冷却塔 Cooling Towers 49317.14.6. 通廊和栈桥 Galleries and Trestles 49417.14.7. 筒仓和贮斗 Silos and Bunkers 49518. 实验室仪器 Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments 49618.1. 实验室常用仪器(1) General Apparatus and Instruments(Ⅰ) 496实验室常用仪器(2) General Apparatus and Instruments(Ⅱ) 49818.2. 石油产品的蒸馏 Distillation of Petroleum Products 49918.3. 粘度计 Viscometer 50018.4. 比重天平，韦氏天平 Specific Gravity Balance (Westphal Balance) 50118.5. 闪点和燃点测定器 Flash and Fire Points Apparatus 50218.6. 残碳及含水量 Carbon Residue and Water Content 50318.7. 冰点，凝点和融点 Freezing Point, Pour Point and Melting Point 50418.8. 脆裂点，针入度及软化点 Breaking Point, Cone penetration and Softening Point 50518.9. 吸附柱 Absorption Column 50619. 流程图和管道布置图 Flow Diagram and piping Layout 50719.1. 工厂平面布置总图 Master Plot Plan 50719.2. 炼厂加工流程图(1) Diagrammatic Flow Sheet of Petroleum Refinery(Ⅰ) 508炼厂加工流程图(2) Diagrammatic Flow Sheet of Petroleum Refinery(Ⅱ) 51019.3. 合成氨装置工艺流程图 Ammonia Plant Process Flow Diagram 51219.4. 乙烯装置工艺流程图 Ethylene Plant Process Flow Diagram 51419.5. 管道布置-装置配管 Piping Layout-Installation Piping 51619.6. 配管图，管道(路)图 Piping Drawing 51719.6.1. 平面视图 Plan View 51719.6.2. 前视图 Front View 51819.7. 管道组装图(等角图，轴侧图，管段图) Pipe Line Isometric Diagram (Erection Diagram) 51919.8. 蒸汽伴热管的布置 Piping Arrangement of Steam Tracing Lines 52019.9. 工艺管道及仪表流程图 Process Piping and Instrument Flow Diagram 521 19.9.1. 管道代号 Piping Code 52119.9.2. 管道图例 Line Symbols 52219.9.3. 在仪表符号中字母标志的意义Meanings of Identification Letters in Instrument Symbols 52419.9.4. 绘图示例-氨库装置 Illustrative Drawing-Ammonia Storage Facility 52519.10. 工程图常用缩写词(按字母顺序排列) Abbreviations for Use on Drawings (in Alphabetical Order) 52620. 其他 Miscellaneous 53620.1. 型钢，管子 Steel Sections, Pipes and Tubes 53620.2. 钢管的制造方法 Manufacturing Methods of Steel Pipe 538参考文献 Reference 539。
化工设备英文名称大全
目? ? 录? ?Contents1. 工艺设备Process Equipment 1. 塔Column 11.1.1. 板式塔和填料塔液流型式泡罩（帽）塔盘浮阀塔盘筛板塔盘穿流式塔盘和喷射型塔盘塔盘的支承塔底结构及重（再）沸器进料和抽出填料Packing液体分配（布）器，再分配（布）器及填料支持版塔附件楼梯（梯子）和平台吸收塔CO2 再生塔/CO2汽提塔造粒塔（造粒塔）总图及造粒喷头组装图造粒塔扒料机Prill tower Reclaimer 20. 反应器氨合成塔聚合釜电解槽隔膜电解槽水银电解槽Mercury Cells 27 . 贮罐浮顶罐浮顶型式浮顶罐的密封形式内浮顶罐低温贮罐Refrigerated Storage Tanks 36. 蒸发器Evaporators 37. 换热器换热器的名称换热器部件固定端头盖（或管箱），壳体及后端头盖型式管板Tube 管子－管板连接，膨胀节及其他零件Tube-Tube Sheet Joints, Expansion Join横向折流板和纵向折流板套管式换热器和刮面式换热器Double-Pipe套管式纵向翅片换热器板式换热器蒸汽表面冷凝器，凝汽器空冷器，空气冷却器空冷器的组合形式管束和头盖（管箱）的典型结构空冷器的驱动装置翅片空冷器的温度控制冷却塔，凉水塔（1）CoolingTowers(Ⅰ) 57冷却塔，凉水塔（2）Cooling Towers(Ⅱ) 58. 工业炉管式加热炉管式加热炉型式加热炉燃烧器，烧嘴炉管，联管箱和回弯头管架转化炉二段转化炉变换炉热回收和废热锅炉热回收燃烧废热锅炉第一废热锅炉第二废热锅炉火炬Flare Stacks 73. 混合设备搅拌器型式（1）Types of Agitator(Ⅰ) 74搅拌器型式（2）Types of Agitator(Ⅱ) 76混合（搅拌）槽管道混合器静止混合器膏状物料及粘性物料混（拌）合设备固体混合机械双螺杆连续混合机Double Screw Continuous Mixer 83. 萃取器连续萃取设备，连续抽提设备浸提设备Leaching Equipments 86 . 旋风分离器、沉清器、过滤器和离心机Cyclone, Decanter, Filter and Centrifuge 旋风分离器（1）Cyclone Separators (Ⅰ) 87旋风分离器（2）Cyclone Separators (Ⅱ) 88气体洗涤器沉降罐，澄清器过滤机压滤机叶滤机袋式过滤器转鼓真空过滤机离心式分离机双鼓真空离心过滤机离心机静止叶片型离心式分离器Stationary Vane Type Centrifugal Separators 100. 干燥器间接干燥器直接干燥器喷雾干燥器雾化喷头，喷雾嘴，雾化器气流(气动)输送干燥器? ? Pneumatic Conveyor Dryers 106. 其他石油炼制中的流化过程流态化流化床分布器破沫器及其应用破沫网的安装和纤维除雾器设备的支座和封头立式容器的外部保温? ? External Thermal Insulation for Vertical Vessel 1132. 泵? ? Pump 114. 各种型式的泵(1) Various Types of Pump (Ⅰ) 114各种型式的泵(2) Various Types of Pump (Ⅱ) 116各种型式的泵(3) Various Types of Pump (Ⅲ) 117各种型式的泵(4) Various Types of Pump (Ⅳ) 118. 离心泵(1)? ? Centrifugal Pump(Ⅰ) 119离心泵(2)? ? Centrifugal Pump(Ⅱ) 120离心泵(3)? ? Centrifugal Pu mp(Ⅲ) 121600英尺的单轮传动带式输送机用的张紧装置? ? Take-up Unit for Single Drum Drive Belt Conveyor Exceeding 600 Feet CentersBack mixing Equipment 178. 振动筛? ? Vibrating Screen 179. 分级机? ? Classifiers 1806. 塑料和橡胶加工成型机械? ???Forming Machine For Plastics and Rubber 181 . 挤压机? ? Extruder 181. 螺杆注塑机? ? Screw Injection Molding Machine 182. 聚氯乙烯辊压机生产线? ? Calender Line for PVC Production 183. 四辊辊压机? ? Four-Roll Calender 1847. 给料机，称量器和包装机? ? Feeder, Weighing and Bagging Machine 186. 振动给料机? ? Vibrating Feeder 186. 电振动给料机? ? Electric Vibrating Feeder 188. 板式给料机? ? Apron Feeder 189. (粉末)均匀自动给料机? ? Smooth Auto-Feeder 190. 带式计量秤? ? Dosing Belt Weigher 191. 定量给料秤? ? Constant Feed Weigher 192. 自动装袋系统??Automatic Bagging System 1938. 汽轮机? ? Steam Turbine 194. 汽轮机的分类(1)? ? Cla ssification of Steam Turbines (Ⅰ) 194汽轮机的分类(2)? ? Classification of Steam Turbines (Ⅱ) 196. 汽轮机的循环? ? Steam Turbine Cycles 197. 汽轮机供汽方式? ???Methods of Steam Supply to a Turbine 198. 单级汽轮机? ? Single Stage Steam Turbine 199. 冲动式汽轮机? ? Impulse Turbines 200. 汽轮机轴封? ? Turbine Glands and Gland Sealings 202. 汽轮机的润滑? ? Lubrication of Steam Turbine 204. 汽轮机调速器及调速? ? Governors and Governing of Steam Turbine 206. 汽轮机调速器??Turbine Governor 208. 超速脱扣装置(保安器)??Overspeed Tripping Device 210. 汽轮机的安装??Installation of Steam Turbine 2119. 锅炉??Boiler 212. 火管锅炉及水管锅炉的基本型式??Basic Patterns for Fire and Water Tube Boiler 212. 椭圆管板换热器??Ellipsoidal Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 213. 水冷管夹套换热器??Cooling Tubes and Jacket Heat Exchanger 214. 蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(1)??Steam Purification a nd Drum Internals (Ⅰ) 215蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(2)??Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅱ) 216蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(3)??Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅲ) 218蒸汽净化及锅筒内件(4)??Steam Purification and Drum Internals (Ⅳ) 219 . 过热器??Superheater 220. 减温器??Attemperators 221. 空气预热器??Air Preheater 222. 炉排??Grates 224. 下饲炉排??Underfeed Stoker 225. 喷燃器，燃烧器??Burners 226. 省煤器??Economizer 228. 抛煤机??Spreader Feeders 229. 磨煤机??Pulverizers 23010. 机械零件??Machine Element 231. 万向节??FUniversal Joints 231. 联轴器??Couplings 232. 液力联轴器(1)??Fluid Couplings (Ⅰ) 234液力联轴器(2)??Fluid Couplings (Ⅱ) 235阀门(2)??Valves(Ⅱ) 248阀门(3)??Valves(Ⅲ) 249阀门(4)??Valves(Ⅳ) 250其他流量计(2)??Other Flow Meters(Ⅱ) 298调节阀阀体(2)??Control Valve Bodies (Ⅱ) 323. 总体分散系统(2)??Total Distributed Control System(Ⅱ) 351 . 总体分散系统(3)??Total Distributed Control System(Ⅲ) 352 . 总体分散系统(4)??Total Distributed Control System(Ⅳ) 353 . 总体分散系统(5)??Total Distributed Control System(Ⅴ) 354 . 总体分散系统(6)??Total Distributed Control System(Ⅵ) 355原电池(2)??Primary Batteries(Ⅱ) 370起重机(2)??C ranes(Ⅱ) 414起重机(3)??Cranes(Ⅲ) 415塑料焊接(2)??Welding of Plastics(Ⅱ) 45516. 无损检验??No-Destructive Testing 456. 无损检验方法??Non-Destructive Testing Method 456. 探孔镜及显微镜??Borescope and Microscope 458. X射线发生管及其线路??X-ray Tube and Its Circuit 459. 射线照相及电子照相??Photoradiography and Electroradiography 460. 轻便X射线机及透度计??Mobile X-ray Unit and Penetrometer 461. 超声波探伤方法及探头??Ultrasonic Test Methods and Search Units 462 . 超声波发射探头及接受探头??Ultrasonic Transducer and Refraction 463 . 配管焊缝的超声波探伤??Ultrasonic Testing of Weld in Tubing 464. 液体渗透试验??Liquid Penetrant Test 465. 磁化法??Methods of Magnetization 46617. 土建工程??Civil Engineering and Building 467. 地形图和土层剖面图??Topographical Map and Subsoil Profile 467. 土壤与基础??Soils and Foundations 468. 桩的形式??Types of Pile 469. 设备基础??Foundations for Equipment 470. 大型设备的锚固(1)??Anchorage of Heavy Machine(Ⅰ) 471大型设备的锚固(2)??Anchorage of Heavy Machine(Ⅱ) 472实验室常用仪器(2)??General Apparatus and Instruments(Ⅱ) 498. 石油产品的蒸馏??Distillation of Petroleum Products 499. 粘度计??Viscometer 500. 比重天平，韦氏天平??Specific Gravity Balance (Westphal Balance) 501. 闪点和燃点测定器??Flash and Fire Points Apparatus 502. 残碳及含水量??Carbon Residue and Water Content 503. 冰点，凝点和融点??Freezing Point, Pour Point and Melting Point 504. 脆裂点，针入度及软化点??Breaking Point, Cone penetration and Softening Point 505. 吸附柱??Absorption Column 50619. 流程图和管道布置图??Flow Diagram and piping Layout 507. 工厂平面布置总图??Master Plot Plan 507. 炼厂加工流程图(1)??Diagrammatic Flow Sheet of Petroleum Refinery(Ⅰ) 508炼厂加工流程图(2)??Diagrammatic Flow Sheet of Petroleum Refinery(Ⅱ) 510。
化工设备常用词汇中英文对照
化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine。
反应釜毕业设计外文翻译
Welding Simulation of Cast Aluminium A356X-T. Pham*, P. Gougeon and F-O. GagnonAluminium Technology Centre, National Research Council Canada Chicoutimi, Quebec, CanadaAbstractWelding of cast aluminium hollow parts is a new promising technical trend for structural assemblies. However, big gap between components, weld porosity, large distortion and risk for hot cracking need to be dealt with. In this paper, the MIG welding of aluminium A356 cast square tubes is studied. The distortion of the welded tubes was predicted by numerical simulations. A good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained.IntroductionAluminium structures become more and more popular in industries thanks to their light weights, especially in the automotive manufacturing industry. Moreover, welding of cast aluminium hollow parts is a new promising technical trend for structural assemblies [1-3]. However, it may be very challenging due to many problems such as big gap between components, weld porosity, large distortion and risk for hot cracking [4,5]. Due to local heating, complex thermal stresses occur during welding; residual stress and distortion result after welding. In this paper, the aluminium A356 cast tube MIG welding is studied. The software Sysweld [6] was used for welding simulations. The objective is to validate the capability of this software in predicting the distortion of the welded tubes in the presence of large gaps. In this work, the porosity of welds was checked after welding using the X-ray technique. The heat source parameters were identified based on the weld cross-sections and welding parameters. Full 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical simulations were performed. The distortions predicted by the numerical simulations were compared to experimental results measured after welding by a CMM machine.ExperimentsExperimental setupTwo square tubes are made of A356 by sand casting and then machined. They are assembled by four MIG welds, named W1 to W4. Their dimensions and the welding configuration are depicted in Figure 1. Both small (inner) and large (outer) tubes are well positioned on a fixture using v-blocks as shown in Figure 2. The dimensions of the tubes make a peripheral gap of 1 mm between them. This fixture is fixed on a positioner that allows the welding process to be carried out always in the horizontal position. The length of each weld is of 35 mm. The Fronius welding head, which is mounted on a Motoman robot, was used for the MIG welding process. Table 1 indicates the parameters of the welding process forthis welding configuration.Voltage Amperage Speed Thick1 Thick2 Gap(V) (A) (m/min.) (mm) (mm) (mm)23 260 1.25 4 4 1a)b)Figure 1: Tube welding configuration: a) cross-section view, b) tube dimensionsFigure 2: Experimental setup for tube weldingTestingThe porosity of welds was observed before and after welding using the X-ray technique to check the quality of these welds according to the standard ASTM E155. The whole welded tubes were then tested by traction on a MTS testing machine. The final dimensions of the welded tubes are measured on a CMM machine at many points on the tubes. The distortion of the welded tubes is determined by comparing the final positions with the initial positions of the tubes.Numerical analysisIn Sysweld, a welding analysis is performed based on a weak-coupling formulation between the heat transfer and mechanical problems. Only the thermal history will affect on the mechanical properties, but not in reverse direction. Therefore, a thermal metallurgical mechanical analysis is divided into two steps. The first step is a thermal metallurgical analysis, in which the heat transferred from the welding source makes phase changes during the welding process. The results of temperature and phase changes from the first step are then used as input for the second analysis. It is a pure thermo-elasto-plastic simulation [6].Heat source model identificationBefore running a welding simulation, it is necessary to determine the parameters of the heat source model. This is called heat source fitting. Actually, it is a thermal simulation using this heat source model in the steady state, which iscombined with an optimization tool to obtain the parameters of the heat source. Figure 3 presents the form of a 3D conical heat source of which the energy distribution is described in Eq (1) as follows:F=Q0exp(-r²/r0²) (1)in which Q0 denotes the power density; and r，r0 are defined byr²=(x-x0)²+(x-x0-v t)²(2)andr0=r e-(r e-r i)(z e-z+z0)/(z e-z i) (3)where（x0,y0,z0)is the origin of the local coordinate system of the heat source; r e and r i the radius of the heat source at the positions z e and z i,respectively;v the welding speed and t the time.In this study, a metallographic cross-section has been used to identify the heat source parameters as shown in Figure 4. The use of a 3D conical heat source fits very well the weld cross-section. The mesh size in the cross-section is around 0.5 mm for this case. The finer is the mesh, the more accurate is the shape of the melting pool, but the longer is the simulation.Figure 3: 3D conical heat source (Sysweld).a)b)Figure 4: (a) Metallographic cross-section, (b) Melting pool cross-section.Analysis modelThe mesh of the tubes was created in Hypermesh 7.0. Sysweld 2007 has been used as solver and pre/post processor. A full 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical analysis with brick and prism elements. Two welding sequences have been done such as W1/W2/W3/W4 and W1/W3/W2/W4. The tubes are clamped using four v-blocks during the welding, two for each tube. In the simulations, the positions where the tubes are in contact against the surfaces of the v-blocks are considered as fixed conditions (i.e. Ux = Uy = Uz = 0). In the release phase, the tubes are free from the v-blocks.ResultsThe distortion of the welded tube is measured when it is released from the constraints. The distortion is determined by measuring the displacement of the small tube on the top andlateral surfaces along the centre line of the tube. These measures are relative to the large tube. Figures 5a-b depict the distortion predicted by the numerical simulations of the sequence W1/W2/W3/W4 and W1/W3/2/W4, respectively. Good agreements between experimental and numerical results were obtained in the two welding sequences as indicated in Tables 2-3, in both the distortion tendency and distortion range of the process variation.a)b)Figure 5: Tube distortion (Norm U): (a) Sequence W1/W2/W3/W4, (b) Sequence W1/W3/W2/W4.Table 2: Distortion result comparison (welding sequence W1/W2/W3/W4)a)b)Figure 7: State of stresses Sxy (a) Clamped, (b) Released. (Red = positive, Blue = negative)a)b)Figure 8: State of stresses Sxz (a) Clamped, (b) Released. (Red = positive, Blue = negative) Figures 6-8 shows the state of the stresses of the welded tubes at room temperature for the sequence W1/W2/W3/W4 after welding when clampled and released from constraints (x is the direction along the axe of the welded tube). To show how the welded tube is distorted, positive-negative values are used instead of the true values of stresses. The distortion of the welded tube can be explained as the new equilibrium position due to the residual stresses when there is no external load. It is remarked that in the presence of large gaps, the distortion of the welded tube is very likely in the rotational mode around local welds.ConclusionsThe MIG welding is very good for assembling aluminium cast tubes (hollow parts) in the presence of large gaps.The 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical simulation of the cast tube welding using Sysweld has been validated. A very good agreement between numerical and experimental results was obtained for both the distortion tendency and distortion range.The welding sequence has a major influence on the distortion of the welded structure. It turns out that the optimization of the welding sequences for a reasonable distortion of a welded structure with a large number of welds becomes very important.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank gratefully Rio Tinto Alcan and General Motor for financial and technical supports, particularly Martin Fortier and Pei-Chung Wang. Also, the authors are grateful to Welding Team at ATC (Audrey Boily, Martin Larouche, François Nadeau and Mario Patry) for experimental works.References1. K-H. Von Zengen, Aluminium in future cars – A challenge for materials science, Materials Science Forum, 519-521 (Part 2), 1201-1208 (2006).2. S. Wiesner S., M. Rethmeier and H. Wohlfart, MIG and laser welding of aluminium alloy pressure die cast parts with wrought profiles, Welding International, 19 (2), 130-133 (2005).3. R. Akhter, L. Ivanchev, C.V.Rooyen, P. Kazadi and H.P. Burger, Laser welding of SSM Cast A356 aluminium alloy processed with CSIR-Rheo technology, Solid State Phenomena, 116-117, 173-176 (2006).4. J.F. Lancaster, Metallurgy of welding, Abington Publishing (1999).5. Φ. Grong, Metallurgical modelling of welding, The institute of materials (1997).6. Sysweld, Sysweld reference manual, ESI Group (2005).译文铸造A356铝合金的焊接模拟X-T. Pham*, P. Gougeon and F-O. GagnonAluminium Technology Centre, National Research Council Canada Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada摘要：空心铝铸造件的焊接是一个很有前途的新结构组件技术的趋势。
化工装置常用英语词汇对照
化工装置常用英语词汇对照1. 反应釜（Reactort） Reactor2. 蒸馏塔（Distillation Tower） Distillation Column3. 冷凝器（Condenser） Condenser4. 换热器（Heat Exchanger） Heat Exchanger5. 压缩机（Compressor） Compressor6. 泵（Pump） Pump7. 阀门（Valve） Valve8. 管道（Pipeline） Pipeline9. 传感器（Sensor） Sensor10. 控制系统（Control System） Control System11. 进料（Feed） Feed12. 产品（Product） Product13. 副产品（Byproduct） Byproduct14. 废料（Waste） Waste15. 物料（Material） Material16. 流量（Flow Rate） Flow Rate17. 压力（Pressure） Pressure18. 温度（Temperature） Temperature19. 浓度（Concentration） Concentration20. 比重（Specific Gravity） Specific Gravity21. 开车（Startup） Startup22. 停车（Shutdown） Shutdown23. 维修（Maintenance） Maintenance24. 检修（Overhaul） Overhaul25. 调试（Commissioning） Commissioning26. 操作规程（Operating Procedure） Operating Procedure27. 安全规程（Safety Procedure） Safety Procedure28. 紧急停车（Emergency Shutdown） Emergency Shutdown29. 报警系统（Alarm System） Alarm System30. 防爆区域（Explosionproof Area） Explosionproof Area 化工装置常用英语词汇对照（续）31. 化学反应（Chemical Reaction） Chemical Reaction32. 反应速率（Reaction Rate） Reaction Rate33. 溶解度（Solubility） Solubility34. 酸碱度（pH Value） pH Value35. 悬浮物（Suspension） Suspension36. 沉淀（Precipitation） Precipitation37. 搅拌（Agitation） Agitation38. 过滤（Filtration） Filtration39. 萃取（Extraction） Extraction40. 吸附（Adsorption） Adsorption41. 蒸发（Evaporation） Evaporation42. 结晶（Crystallization） Crystallization43. 干燥（Drying） Drying44. 焙烧（Calcination） Calcination45. 熔融（Melting） Melting46. 铸造（Casting） Casting47. 冷却（Cooling） Cooling48. 加热（Heating） Heating49. 真空（Vacuum） Vacuum50. 压缩空气（Compressed Air） Compressed Air51. 工艺流程（Process Flow） Process Flow52. 设备布局（Equipment Layout） Equipment Layout53. 流程图（Piping and Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID）Piping and Instrumentation Diagram54. 设计规范（Design Specification） Design Specification55. 操作手册（Operation Manual） Operation Manual56. 安全手册（Safety Manual） Safety Manual57. 环保要求（Environmental Requirements） Environmental Requirements58. 能耗（Energy Consumption） Energy Consumption59. 自动化（Automation） Automation60. 信息化（Informatization） Informatization这些词汇在化工装置的日常操作、维护和管理中扮演着重要角色。
化工设备常用词汇中英文对照
化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine。
复分解反应釜的种类
复分解反应釜的种类英文回答：There are several types of multiphase reactors used in the chemical industry for complex reactions, including complex decomposition reactions. One such type is the multiphase stirred tank reactor, also known as the multiphase reactor vessel or multiphase reaction kettle. This type of reactor is widely used in various industries due to its versatility and efficiency.The multiphase stirred tank reactor consists of a vessel or kettle equipped with an agitator, which provides the necessary mixing and agitation for the reaction. The vessel is designed to withstand the high pressures and temperatures that may be required for the reaction. The agitator ensures proper mixing of the reactants and helps in the distribution of heat and mass transfer.There are different configurations of multiphasestirred tank reactors, depending on the specific requirements of the reaction. One common configuration is the gas-liquid stirred tank reactor, which is used for reactions involving a gas phase and a liquid phase. In this type of reactor, the gas is sparged into the liquid phase, and the agitator helps in dispersing the gas bubbles and promoting the mass transfer between the phases.Another type of multiphase stirred tank reactor is the liquid-liquid stirred tank reactor, used for reactions involving two immiscible liquid phases. The agitator helps in creating a fine dispersion of one liquid phase in the other, increasing the interfacial area and promoting the reaction between the phases.Furthermore, there are also multiphase reactors that involve solid phases along with liquid or gas phases. These reactors are known as gas-solid or liquid-solid stirred tank reactors. In these reactors, the agitator helps in maintaining a uniform suspension of solid particles in the liquid or gas phase, ensuring efficient contact and reaction between the phases.In addition to multiphase stirred tank reactors, there are other types of multiphase reactors used for complex decomposition reactions. These include fixed-bed reactors, fluidized-bed reactors, and packed-bed reactors. Each of these reactors has its own advantages and is suitable for specific types of reactions.Overall, the choice of multiphase reactor for a complex decomposition reaction depends on various factors such as the nature of the reactants, reaction kinetics, heat and mass transfer requirements, and the desired product specifications. The selection of the appropriate reactor type is crucial for achieving efficient and cost-effective reaction processes.中文回答：化工行业中用于复杂分解反应的多相反应器有几种类型。
化工设备常用词汇中英文对照.
化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand（wobble pump螺杆泵screw (spiral pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air—lift-pump 轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers 管道混合器line mixers 混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附(收器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator 洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配(布器liquid distributor 填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶（底层塔盘top （bottom tray 挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make—up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas—holder干式气柜dry gas—holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器，旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter 带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer 棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine。
化工设备专业单词
Distributed control集散控制系统
Transmitter变送器
Signal信号
Flow meter流量计
Pressure gauge压力表
Actuators执行器
Equilibrium state平衡状态
Value阀门
Man hole人孔
Waste废料
八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket
椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket
透镜式垫片lens gasket
非金属垫片non-metallic gasket
阀：
切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve
调节阀regulating valve
快开阀quick opening valve
快闭阀quick closing valve
隔断阀isolating valve
三通阀three way valve
夹套阔jacketed valve
非旋转式阀non-rotary valve
排污阀blowdown valve
集液排放阀drip valve
blind flange, blind法兰盖
orifice flange孔板法兰
reducing flange异径法兰
pad type flange盘座式法兰
loose hubbed flange松套带颈法兰
welding plate flange焊接板式法兰
welding neck collar (与stub end相似)对焊环
内环inner ring
外环，外定位环outer ring
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┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊在搅拌釜中大涡模拟的混合时间化学工程学院,北京化工大学,北京100029,中国简要：大涡模拟(LES)的混合过程在一个直径0.476米的搅拌釜用3狭窄的叶片水翼CBY叶轮被报道。
湍流流场的计算和混合时间使用KES SmagorinskyLilly 次网格尺度模型。
叶轮旋转是建模使用滑动网格技术。
“电力需求和混合时间获得从实验和LES之间进行了预测要比传统的雷诺平均 n - s(RANS)方法要好。
示踪响应预测的曲线由LES和实验之间来预测的。
结果表明,LES是一个可靠的工具来研究在搅拌罐里不稳定周期行为的紊流。
关键词：大涡模拟,次网格尺度模型、混合时间、水翼叶轮1 介绍：机械搅拌罐广泛应用于许多工业过程。
在搅拌釜中流结构是高度三维并且复杂,涵盖范围广泛的空间和时间尺度。
液体是通过坦克传阅的作用下旋转叶轮。
这个漩涡叶轮旋转产生的,保留其相干就大量距离到散装液体,伴随着高剪切率和强烈的湍流活动。
因此,他们是必不可少的在流场的混合性能。
混合时间,θm,是时候需要混合添加二级液体与容器的内容有一定程度的均匀性,通常θ95为了达到95%以上最后的浓度。
在任何情况下,混合时间的一个搅拌釜通常用于指示其有效性。
知识的混合时是需要时间的优化设计的搅拌罐。
在过去的30年广泛的实验研究已报道混合时间。
在过去的二十年里,进展取得了在计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟混合过程拥有伟大的计算机技术的进步。
Ranadeetal 用数值仿真给详细的流和散装混合产生的向下流投球叶片涡轮在一个完全困惑的圆柱形容器。
undenetal 和Schmalzriedt和罗伊斯形式-迟来的脉冲示踪实验解决了材料在三维流场平衡与拉什顿涡轮(DT6)他们建议的质量结果是高度依赖于精确的流体动力学计算,特别是关于湍流建模。
Jaworskietal报道,θ95计算大约两到三次测量值在与双DT6搅拌罐,并暗示这差异是因为大众交流的四个不同的轴径向循环循环是预测下大举CFD。
LES,首先采用搅拌釜的集成判别算法,是被证明是一个不错的方法,研究湍流流动不稳定和准周期性的行为。
随后Revstedtetal指出lES会赞成见详细的流场,无法取得所谓的雷诺平均方程和共同响应模型,然后Revstedt和Fuchs模拟了槽搅拌通过两个标准Scaba拉什顿叶轮或6 srgt叶轮。
Derksenetal使用与Smagorinsky LES次网格模型中,Smagorinsky常数c = 0.12,以模拟困惑的搅拌┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊釜驱动涡轮机拉什顿Re = 29000和Derksen也模拟单相流由一个搭叶片叶轮使用LES与标准Smagorinsky或结构函数的次网格模型。
作者所有的关注研究了三维速度和和湍动能在搅拌釜和证明LES是一个好工具的调查紊流在工业应用的实际意义。
在这部作品中,Smagorinsky-Lilly 和LES介绍了次网格模型首先在模拟混合浓度的过程中,通过监测示踪剂得到混合时间在槽搅拌,在3狭窄叶片水翼CBY叶轮。
LES和RANS之间作了比较。
2 物理和计算配置搅拌釜的使用在这个工作是一个有机玻璃船0.476米直径与平底和四个挡板。
环境使用的自来水。
一个3狭窄的叶片水翼CBY叶轮被使用。
叶轮速度 n是150、180、260和300 r·分钟1(对应 Re =ρND2 /ν= 9×1.8×104 105)分别和流体流动和湍流动。
实验仪器的细节都显示在图1图 1（一)的视图的搅拌釜和(b)3狭窄叶片水翼CBY叶轮┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ (T=476mm; H/T=1.0; C/T=1/3; D/T=0.4; WB/T=0.1)3 实验θ95测量电导率的变化在引进少量的示踪剂(饱和氯化钾溶液)。
10毫升的示踪剂被加入到自由表面的液体是-二层两个挡板。
探测器安装在位置的底部附近的坦克的对面添加点。
电导仪的输出是通过收购获得一个模拟滤波器和一个放大器和A / D转换器,然后存储为后续分析。
这些测量重复在至少5次,实验条件得到一般的混合时间。
叶轮转速和轴转矩测量通过分别使用光学电子转速表和转矩传感器。
这个详细描述报告在其他纸上[12]但是唯一不同的是,目前的水槽有一个平底而不是压制基地[13]在目前的工作模式被选择。
4 数学方法4.1流模型主要的困难相关的模拟湍流在搅拌釜是广泛的范围的尺度:从规模小的体积的水槽的尾涡结构相关联与叶轮叶片运动,和大污风再循环物理几何的限制水槽。
所以质量和精度的仿真在搅拌釜严重依赖于湍流模型。
一个非常准确的预测是可能的手段直接数值模拟(DNS)。
在DNS中,流体运动到耗散尺度是解决和它因此仅适用于相对低雷诺数字流和不适用于工业相关应用程序。
在雷诺平均Navier-Stokes (RANS)模型只代表运输方程的意思流数量, 与所有的尺度的湍流建模相比。
这种方法允许解决方案的平均流量变量大大减少了计算工作量。
如果平均流量是稳定的控制方程没有包含时间衍生品和一个稳态解可以得到经济上的。
计算的优势是看到即使在瞬态情况下,由于时间步将取决于全球不稳定在平均流量而非由湍流。
雷诺平均的方法通常是采用实用的工程的计算,并利用模型Spalart-Allmaras等k-ε,k-ω,RSM及其变体。
标准的k-ε模型,k-εRNG模型[14]和各向异性代数雷诺应力模型[15],是最简单的模型和可以预测完全湍流流场合理吗同意实验数据。
所以与LES相比较，标准k-ε型,k-εRN模型[14]和各向异性代数雷诺应力模型[15],是最简单的模型和可以预测完全湍流流场合理性，同意实验数据。
所以与LES相比较，标准k-ε在目前的工作模式被选择。
LES是一个介于DNS和RANS方法。
基本上大的涡流解析直接用LES,而小旋涡用建模。
在LES,控制方程用于LES是得到过滤含n - s方程在傅里叶(波数)空间或配置(物理)空间。
过滤过程有效地过滤掉的旋涡，滤波器的宽度或网格间距用于计算。
由此产生的方程从而支配大漩涡的动力学。
一个过滤变量被定义为┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊这里 是流体域和G是过滤器函数确定解决的规模的旋涡。
在 FLUENT中有限体积离散化它-自隐式地提供了过滤操作:在V是一个计算单元的体积。
这个滤波函数,G(X,X ),然后这里暗示的不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,过滤其结果和是次网格尺度应力定义为应力造成的次网格尺度从费尔-增长率操作未知,需要建模。
最基本的次网格尺度模型是Sma -gorinsky-Lilly模型,在Smagorinsky-Lilly模型,来模拟涡流粘度┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 装 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 订 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 线 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊这里Ls 是次网格尺度的混合长度是应变率张量解析后的量表。
Ls 是计算使用这里的K 是卡门常数,d 是到最近的墙壁的距离,V 是体积计算细胞,CS 是Smagorinsky 常数。
它被设置为0.1在实验发现对各种流动产生最好的结果。
4.2混合网络对混合槽模拟执行, 计算网格是由两个部分:一个内心旋转圆柱体积封闭涡轮,和一个外固定体积含其余的坦克。
网战略技术的采用是结合结构化和非结构化网格(17 - 19)。
叶轮区域分为联合-结构化的四面体细胞和强化来获得更多准确的描述叶轮。
和其余的散装的水槽相结合是处理多嵌段的方法,在六面体的细胞计算中被用来减少成本的计算。
所以在RANS 细胞的大小选择内部分4毫米和外部分8毫米。
但考虑到叶片厚度和泰勒微尺度(7、8、20),所以这是选择2毫米和4毫米LES 。
网格节点的总数量是1044356的LES 和373775在RANS,见图2。
4.3叶轮描述对混合槽模拟执行,计算网格是由两个部分:一个内心旋转圆柱体积封闭涡轮,和一个外固定体积含其余坦克。
网格战略技术的采用是结合结构化和非结构化网格(17 - 19)。
叶轮区域分为联合-结构化的四面体胞和强化来获得更多准确的描述叶轮。
和其余的散装的坦克,是处理多嵌段的方法,在六面体的细胞被用来少主要的困难在模拟搅拌坦克是准确的表示的叶轮作用。
这个滑动网格(SM)和多个参考系(MRF)技术是两个有效的方法处理与叶轮的影响,实现商业软件如流利。
磁流变液的方法,在该地区的叶轮和叶轮蒸汽被描述为旋转参考架和固定架或网格是选择流叶轮区域外。
在SM 科技-种新型pvc 树脂,它实际上是一个瞬态方法,两个网格产生一个旋转的叶轮和一个固定式代表散装罐。
在相同条件下,滑动网格方法需要太多更多的计算时间,数据是反式-在转让之间的接口两个网格。
使磁流变液提供了一个合理的模型时均流和SM 可以计算不稳定和瞬态流场。
SM 方法在这部作品中所使用的LES 。
┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊第一步是计算的连续性和ve -使用标准的k-εlocity方程模型,结果发表在其他地方在流场有点聚集,结果被用作一个ini -弧离子镀条件莱斯仿真。
仿真选择了二隐式配方tem -细孔的离散化和中央差分2006年2月LES过程第一步是计算的连续性和ve -使用标准的k-εlocity方程模型,结果发表在其他地方。
在流场有点聚集,结果被用作一个ini -多弧离子镀条件莱斯仿真。
仿真选择了二阶隐式配方tem -细孔的离散化和中央差分方案空间。
解决方案的连续性和速度方程直到流成为统计学通过监测扭矩稳定的叶轮。
和第二步是方程浓度的示踪剂是解决在时间域得到混合时间。
示踪剂注入是假定的不影响流量。
因此,分离时刻和示踪剂平方程是推测减少计算工作量。
基于物理坐标位置的示踪剂添加,添加示踪剂在模拟是经过了几个细胞靠近它来确保质量的示踪剂在模拟的相同的实验。
的浓度示踪剂被初始化为1添加区域,在其余地区为0。
和监测点设置在10毫米以上的底部坦克和50毫米的墙的柜,同样的位置检测器在实验在两个挡板。
LES至强处理器运行在双吗(奔腾Ⅳ)机器(戴尔)和1 gb的内存,2 ghz的时钟频率和LINUX操作系统。
模拟一个搅拌器速度流场做了在六个处理器并行需要大约4周时间去至少20革命以确保速度场统计稳定对浓度场耗时约3周。
5结果与讨论5.1流场和浓度分布的示踪速度和浓度场得到通过RANS和莱斯被吸引在图3和4。
在一个真正的搅拌釜,有大漩涡和产生的宏观不稳定性,促进示踪剂通过这个边界物质交换。