外文期刊论文格式
oalib journal外文文献引用格式
oalib journal外文文献引用格式一、了解oalib journaloalib journal是一种开放获取的学术期刊，提供了大量的外文文献，涵盖了各个学科领域。
作为一种开放获取的学术评台，oalib journal 拥有着广泛的读者群体和高质量的论文资源。
在学术研究中，引用oalib journal的文献已经成为了一个普遍且重要的行为。
二、oalib journal外文文献引用格式在学术写作中，对于oalib journal的外文文献引用格式，我们需要遵循一定的规范和格式要求。
一般来说，外文文献的引用格式通常包括了作者、题目、期刊名称、发表时间等信息。
在引用oalib journal的外文文献时，我们需要按照以下格式进行引用：[作者]. [文章题目]. [期刊名称], [发表时间], [卷号](期号): 页码.例如：Smith J, Johnson R. An analysis of open access journals. oalib journal, 2020, 10(3): 215-220.在以上的引用格式中，我们需要清晰地列出作者的尊称、文章题目、期刊名称、发表时间、卷号和页码，以便读者能够准确地找到并定位到所引用的外文文献。
三、oalib journal外文文献引用格式的重要性对于学术写作来说，遵循正确的引用格式是非常重要的。
正确的引用格式不仅可以避免学术不端行为，还可以帮助读者更好地了解引用文献的来源和相关信息。
特别是对于oalib journal这样的开放获取期刊来说，正确的引用格式不仅可以尊重原作者的劳动成果，还可以促进学术交流和知识共享。
四、个人观点和理解作为一名学术写手，我深切理解正确引用格式的重要性。
在撰写学术论文或发表文章时，我们应该始终遵循严谨的引用规范，尊重他人的学术成果，并且让读者能够方便地查阅引用文献。
对于oalib journal 而言，作为一种重要的开放获取评台，正确引用其文献不仅可以维护学术道德，还可以促进学术研究的共享和交流。
英文论文格式要求
英文论文格式要求(2009-01-08 10:03:39)转载▼分类：外文期刊知识标签：教育论文发表期刊投稿学术论文很多老师可能想发英文论文，但是不知格式如何调整，一般英文期刊格式都是国际上的APA 格式，鉴于以前曾在英文期刊工作过，所以在此贴出格式要求，这样老师们在投稿前整理妥当，通过率也高一些。
要知道，您若是直接投到国外编辑部邮箱，他们是不会帮您整理的哦。
其实无论是学术期刊投稿，还是其他生活类，时尚类等通俗期刊投稿，整齐的稿件格式，专业的排版，全角半角选择正确，没有词汇语法错误，都会让编辑们有赏心悦目的感觉，忍不住要多看一眼您的文章。
编辑也是人啊，不要把稿件扔过去就完事了，编辑每天要干的事情非常多，你说你懒，编辑会说，对不起我更懒。
不多说废话，在此贴出格式：英文论文APA格式英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。
从学术的角度讲，它更加严谨和科学，并且方便电子系统检索和存档。
版面格式表格表格的题目格式与正文相同，靠左边，位于表格的上部。
题目前加Table后跟数字，表示此文的第几个表格。
表格主体居中，边框粗细采用0.5磅；表格内文字采用Times New Roman，10磅。
举例：Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks图表和图片图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同，位于图表和图片的下部。
题目前加Figure后跟数字，表示此文的第几个图表。
图表及题目都居中。
只允许使用黑白图片和表格。
举例：Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development注：Figure与Table都不要缩写。
引用格式与参考文献1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式，如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式，如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。
外文会议论文参考文献格式
外文会议论文参考文献格式外文会议论文参考文献格式英语论文参考文献格式是什么样的大家知道吗?下面由小编为大家精心收集的外文会议论文参考文献格式，希望可以帮到大家!外文会议论文参考文献格式篇1一、英语论文参考文献的类型参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文论文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I.Gordon.;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.[1] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages[J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 –67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.[1] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.[1] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[2] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language T eaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.6.研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.7.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期8.译著【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的.进一步解释或补充说明。
外文参考文献的格式
外文参考文献的格式篇一：英语论文参考文献格式用Times New Roman。
每一条目顶格, 如某一条目超过一行，从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。
参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入，标点符号后空一格。
参考文献条目排列顺序：英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。
分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。
文献前不用序号。
1）英文参考文献（1）专著与编著排列顺序为：作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。
例如：Brinkleyork: Knopf, 1993.专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名，后者用斜体。
例如：Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront?: Jane EyreNew York: Norton, 1971.A．两个至三个作者第一作者的姓在前，名在后，中间用逗号隔开；其余作者名在前，姓在后，中间无逗号；每个作者之间用逗号隔开，最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”，后用句号。
例如：B. 三个以上作者第一作者姓名（姓在前，名在后，中间加逗号）后接“et al.”，其他作者姓名省略。
例如：University of Hawaii Press, 1997.C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献，参照下例：Widdowson, Hey G1998a.Widdowson, Hey G. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998b.（2）论文集参照下例：Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & York: Rodopi, 2019: 305-323.（3）百科全书等参考文献参照下例：Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. ork: Macmillan, 2019.（4）学术期刊论文参照下例：Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in PrimaryClassrooms”.（5）网络文献参照下例：----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL”..2）中文参考文献（1）专著参照下例：皮亚杰．结构主义[M] ．北京：商务印书馆，1984．（2）期刊文章参照下例：杨忠，张韶杰．认知语音学中的类典型论[J] ．外语教学与研究，1999，(2)：1-3．（3）学位论文参照下例：梁佳．大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D] ．湖南大学，2019．（4）论文集参照下例：许小纯．含义和话语结构[A]．李红儒．外国语言与文学研究[C] ．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1999：5-7．（5）附录篇二：中英文参考文献格式中文参考文献格式参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识：M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
毕业设计(论文)外文资料和译文格式要求(模板)
成都东软学院外文资料和译文格式要求一、译文必须采用计算机输入、打印，幅面A4。
外文资料原文（复印或打印）在前，译文在后，于左侧装订。
二、具体要求1、至少翻译一篇内容与所选课题相关的外文文献。
2、译文汉字字数不少于4000字。
3、正文格式要求：宋体五号字。
译文格式参见《译文格式要求》，宋体五号字，单倍行距。
纸张纸张为A4纸，页边距上2.54cm、下2.54cm、左3.17cm、右3.17cm。
装订外文资料原文（复印或打印）在前，译文在后封面封面的专业、班级、姓名、学号等信息要全部填写正确。
封面指导教师必须为讲师以上职称，若助教则需要配备一名讲师协助指导。
讲师在前，助教在后。
指导教师姓名后面空一个中文空格，加职称。
页眉页眉说明宋体小五，左端“XX学院毕业设计（论文）”，右端“译文”。
页眉中的学院名称要与封面学院名称一致。
字数本科4000字。
附：外文资料和译文封面、空白页成都东软学院外文资料和译文专业：软件工程移动互联网应用开发班级：2班姓名：罗荣昆学号：12310420216指导教师：2015年 12月 8日Android page layoutUsing XML-Based LayoutsW hile it is technically possible to create and attach widgets to our activity purely through Java code, the way we did in Chapter 4, the more common approach is to use an XML-based layout file. Dynamic instantiation of widgets is reserved for more complicated scenarios, where the widgets are not known at compile-time (e g., populating a column of radio buttons based on data retrieved off the Internet).With that in mind, it’s time to break out the XML and learn how to lay out Android activities that way.What Is an XML-Based Layout?As the name suggests, an XML-based layout is a specification of widgets’ relationships to each other—and to their containers (more on this in Chapter 7)—encoded in XML format. Specifi cally, Android considers XML-based layouts to be resources, and as such layout files are stored in the res/layout directory inside your Android project.Each XML file contains a tree of elements specifying a layout of widgets and their containers that make up one view hierarchy. The attributes of the XML elements are properties, describing how a widget should look or how a container should behave. For example, if a Button element has an attribute value of android:textStyle = "bold", that means that the text appearing on the face of the button should be rendered in a boldface font style.Android’s SDK ships with a tool (aapt) which uses the layouts. This tool should be automatically invoked by your Android tool chain (e.g., Eclipse, Ant’s build.xml). Of particular importance to you as a developer is that aapt generates the R.java source file within your project, allowing you to access layouts and widgets within those layouts directly from your Java code. Why Use XML-Based Layouts?Most everything you do using XML layout files can be achieved through Java code. For example, you could use setTypeface() to have a button render its textin bold, instead of using a property in an XML layout. Since XML layouts are yet another file for you to keep track of, we need good reasons for using such files.Perhaps the biggest reason is to assist in the creation of tools for view definition, such as a GUI builder in an IDE like Eclipse or a dedicated Android GUI designer like DroidDraw1. Such GUI builders could, in principle, generate Java code instead of XML. The challenge is re-reading the UI definition to support edits—that is far simpler if the data is in a structured format like XML than in a programming language. Moreover, keeping generated XML definitions separated from hand-written Java code makes it less likely that somebody’s custom-crafted source will get clobbered by accident when the generated bits get re-generated. XML forms a nice middle ground between something that is easy for tool-writers to use and easy for programmers to work with by hand as needed.Also, XML as a GUI definition format is becoming more commonplace. Microsoft’s XAML2, Adobe’s Flex3, and Mozilla’s XUL4 all take a similar approach to that of Android: put layout details in an XML file and put programming smarts in source files (e.g., JavaScript for XUL). Many less-well-known GUI frameworks, such as ZK5, also use XML for view definition. While “following the herd” is not necessarily the best policy, it does have the advantage of helping to ease the transition into Android from any other XML-centered view description language. OK, So What Does It Look Like?Here is the Button from the previous chapter’s sample application, converted into an XMLlayout file, found in the Layouts/NowRedux sample project. This code sample along with all others in this chapter can be found in the Source Code area of .<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Button xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/button"android:text=""android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"/>The class name of the widget—Button—forms the name of the XML element. Since Button is an Android-supplied widget, we can just use the bare class name. If you create your own widgets as subclasses of android.view.View, you would need to provide a full package declara tion as well.The root element needs to declare the Android XML namespace:xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"All other elements will be children of the root and will inherit that namespace declaration.Because we want to reference this button from our Java code, we need to give it an identifier via the android:id attribute. We will cover this concept in greater detail later in this chapter.The remaining attributes are properties of this Button instance:• android:text indicates the initial text to be displayed on the button face (in this case, an empty string)• android:layout_width and android:layout_height tell Android to have the button’swidth and height fill the “parent”, in this case the entire screen—these attributes will be covered in greater detail in Chapter 7.Since this single widget is the only content in our activity, we only need this single element. Complex UIs will require a whole tree of elements, representing the widgets and containers that control their positioning. All the remaining chapters of this book will use the XML layout form whenever practical, so there are dozens of other examples of more complex layouts for you to peruse from Chapter 7 onward.What’s with the @ Signs?Many widgets and containers only need to appear in the XML layout file and do not need to be referenced in your Java code. For example, a static label (TextView) frequently only needs to be in the layout file to indicate where it should appear. These sorts of elements in the XML file do not need to have the android:id attribute to give them a name.Anything you do want to use in your Java source, though, needs an android:id.The convention is to use @+id/... as the id value, where the ... represents your locally unique name for the widget in question. In the XML layout example in the preceding section, @+id/button is the identifier for the Button widget.Android provides a few special android:id values, of the form @android:id/.... We will see some of these in various chapters of this book, such as Chapters 8 and 10.We Attach These to the Java How?Given that you have painstakingly set up the widgets and containers in an XML layout filenamed main.xml stored in res/layout, all you need is one statement in your activity’s onCreate() callback to use that layout:setContentView(yout.main);This is the same setContentView() we used earlier, passing it an instance of a View subclass (in that case, a Button). The Android-built view, constructed from our layout, is accessed from that code-generated R class. All of the layouts are accessible under yout, keyed by the base name of the layout file—main.xml results in yout.main.To access our identified widgets, use findViewById(), passing in the numeric identifier of the widget in question. That numeric identifier was generated by Android in the R class asR.id.something (where something is the specific widget you are seeking). Those widgets are simply subclasses of View, just like the Button instance we created in Chapter 4.The Rest of the StoryIn the original Now demo, the button’s face would show the current time, which would reflect when the button was last pushed (or when the activity was first shown, if the button had not yet been pushed).Most of that logic still works, even in this revised demo (NowRedux). However,rather than instantiating the Button in our activity’s onCreate() callback, we can reference the one from the XML layout:package youts;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button; import java.util.Date;public class NowRedux extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener { Button btn;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);btn.setOnClickListener(this);upd ateTime();}public void onClick(View view) { updateTime();}private void updateTime() {btn.setText(new Date().toString()); }}The first difference is that rather than setting the content view to be a view we created in Java code, we set it to reference the XML layout (setContentView(yout.main)). The R.java source file will be updated when we rebuild this project to include a reference to our layout file (stored as main.xml in our project’s res/l ayout directory).The other difference is that we need to get our hands on our Button instance, for which we use the findViewById() call. Since we identified our button as @+id/button, we can reference the button’s identifier as R.id.button. Now, with the Button instance in hand, we can set the callback and set the label as needed.As you can see in Figure 5-1, the results look the same as with the originalNow demo.Figure 5-1. The NowRedux sample activity Employing Basic WidgetsE very GUI toolkit has some basic widgets: fields, labels, buttons, etc. Android’s toolkit is no different in scope, and the basic widgets will provide a good introduction as to how widgets work in Android activities.Assigning LabelsThe simplest widget is the label, referred to in Android as a TextView. Like in most GUI toolkits, labels are bits of text not editable directly by users. Typically, they are used to identify adjacent widgets (e.g., a “Name:” label before a field where one fills in a name).In Java, you can create a label by creating a TextView instance. More commonly, though, you will create labels in XML layout files by adding a TextView element to the layout, with an android:text property to set the value of the label itself. If you need to swap labels based on certain criteria, such as internationalization, you may wish to use a resource reference in the XML instead, as will be described in Chapter 9. TextView has numerous other properties of relevance for labels, such as:• android:typeface to set the typeface to use for the label (e.g., monospace) • android:textStyle to indicate that the typeface should be made bold (bold), italic (italic),or bold and italic (bold_italic)• android:textColor to set the color of the label’s text, in RGB hex format (e.g., #FF0000 for red)For example, in the Basic/Label project, you will find the following layout file:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><TextView xmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="You were expecting something profound?" />As you can see in Figure 6-1, just that layout alone, with the stub Java source provided by Android’s p roject builder (e.g., activityCreator), gives you the application.Figure 6-1. The LabelDemo sample applicationButton, Button, Who’s Got the Button?We’ve already seen the use of the Button widget in Chapters 4 and 5. As it turns out, Button is a subclass of TextView, so everything discussed in the preceding section in terms of formatting the face of the button still holds. Fleeting ImagesAndroid has two widgets to help you embed images in your activities: ImageView and ImageButton. As the names suggest, they are image-based analogues to TextView and Button, respectively.Each widget takes an android:src attribute (in an XML layout) to specify what picture to use. These usually reference a drawable resource, described in greater detail in the chapter on resources. You can also set the image content based on a Uri from a content provider via setImageURI().ImageButton, a subclass of ImageView, mixes in the standard Button behaviors, for responding to clicks and whatnot.For example, take a peek at the main.xml layout from the Basic/ImageView sample project which is found along with all other code samples at : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><ImageView xmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:id="@+id/icon"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:adjustViewBounds="true"android:src="@drawable/molecule" />The result, just using the code-generated activity, is shown in Figure 6-2.Figure 6-2. The ImageViewDemo sample applicationFields of Green. Or Other Colors.Along with buttons and labels, fields are the third “anchor” of most GUI toolkits. In Android, they are implemented via the EditText widget, which is a subclass of the TextView used for labels.Along with the standard TextView properties (e.g., android:textStyle), EditText has many others that will be useful for you in constructing fields, including:• android:autoText, to control if the fie ld should provide automatic spelling assistance• android:capitalize, to control if the field should automatically capitalize the first letter of entered text (e.g., first name, city) • android:digits, to configure the field to accept only certain digi ts • android:singleLine, to control if the field is for single-line input or multiple-line input (e.g., does <Enter> move you to the next widget or add a newline?)Beyond those, you can configure fields to use specialized input methods, such asandroid:numeric for numeric-only input, android:password for shrouded password input,and android:phoneNumber for entering in phone numbers. If you want to create your own input method scheme (e.g., postal codes, Social Security numbers), you need to create your own implementation of the InputMethod interface, then configure the field to use it via android: inputMethod.For example, from the Basic/Field project, here is an XML layout file showing an EditText:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><EditTextxmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:id="@+id/field"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:singleLine="false" />Note that android:singleLine is false, so users will be able to enter in several lines of text. For this project, the FieldDemo.java file populates the input field with some prose:package monsware.android.basic;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.EditText;public class FieldDemo extends Activity { @Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);EditText fld=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.field);fld.setText("Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 " + "(the \"License\"); you may not use this file " + "except in compliance with the License. You may " + "obtain a copy of the License at " +"/licenses/LICENSE-2.0");}}The result, once built and installed into the emulator, is shown in Figure 6-3.Figure 6-3. The FieldDemo sample applicationNote Android’s emulator only allows one application in the launcher per unique Java package. Since all the demos in this chapter share the monsware.android.basic package, you will only see one of these demos in your emulator’s launcher at any one time.Another flavor of field is one that offers auto-completion, to help users supply a value without typing in the whole text. That is provided in Android as the AutoCompleteTextView widget and is discussed in Chapter 8.Just Another Box to CheckThe classic checkbox has two states: checked and unchecked. Clicking the checkbox toggles between those states to indicate a choice (e.g., “Ad d rush delivery to my order”). In Android, there is a CheckBox widget to meet this need. It has TextView as an ancestor, so you can use TextView properties likeandroid:textColor to format the widget. Within Java, you can invoke: • isChecked() to determi ne if the checkbox has been checked• setChecked() to force the checkbox into a checked or unchecked state • toggle() to toggle the checkbox as if the user checked itAlso, you can register a listener object (in this case, an instance of OnCheckedChangeListener) to be notified when the state of the checkbox changes.For example, from the Basic/CheckBox project, here is a simple checkbox layout:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><CheckBox xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/check"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="This checkbox is: unchecked" />The corresponding CheckBoxDemo.java retrieves and configures the behavior of the checkbox:public class CheckBoxDemo extends Activityimplements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener { CheckBox cb;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);cb=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.check);cb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);}public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) {if (isChecked) {cb.setText("This checkbox is: checked");}else {cb.setText("This checkbox is: unchecked");}}}Note that the activity serves as its own listener for checkbox state changes since it imple ments the OnCheckedChangeListener interface (via cb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this)). The callback for the listener is onCheckedChanged(), which receives the checkbox whose state has changed and what the new state is. In this case, we update the text of the checkbox to reflect what the actual box contains.The result? Clicking the checkbox immediately updates its text, as you can see in Figures 6-4 and 6-5.Figure 6-4. The CheckBoxDemo sample application, with the checkbox uncheckedFigure 6-5. The same application, now with the checkbox checkedTurn the Radio UpAs with other implementations of radio buttons in other toolkits, Android’s radio buttons are two-state, like checkboxes, but can be grouped such that only one radio button in the group can be checked at any time.Like CheckBox, RadioButton inherits from CompoundButton, which in turn inherits fromTextView. Hence, all the standard TextView properties for font face, style, color, etc., are available for controlling the look of radio buttons. Similarly, you can call isChecked() on a RadioButton to see if it is selected, toggle() to select it, and so on, like you can with a CheckBox.Most times, you will want to put your RadioButton widgets inside of aRadioGroup. The RadioGroup indicates a set of radio buttons whose state is tied, meaning only one button out of the group can be selected at any time. If you assign an android:id to your RadioGroup in your XML layout, you can access the group from your Java code and invoke:• check() to check a specific radio button via its ID (e.g., group.check(R.id.radio1))• clearCheck() to clear all radio buttons, so none in the group are checked• getCheckedRadioButtonId() to get the ID of the currently-checked radio button (or -1 if none are checked)For example, from the Basic/RadioButton sample application, here is an XML layout showing a RadioGroup wrapping a set of RadioButton widgets: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RadioGroupxmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:orientation="vertical"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent" ><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio1"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Rock" /><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio2"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Scissors" /><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio3"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Paper" /></RadioGroup>Figure 6-6 shows the result using the stock Android-generated Java forthe project and this layout.Figure 6-6. The RadioButtonDemo sample application Note that the radio button group is initially set to be completely unchecked at the outset. To pre-set one of the radio buttons to be checked, use either setChecked() on the RadioButton or check() on the RadioGroup from within your onCreate() callback in your activity.It’s Quite a ViewAll widgets, including the ones previously shown, extend View, and as such give all widgets an array of useful properties and methods beyond those already described.Useful PropertiesSome of the properties on View most likely to be used include:• Controls the focus sequence:• android:nextFocusDown• android:nextFocusLeft• android:nextFocusRight• android:nextFocusUp• android:visibility, which controls wheth er the widget is initially visible• android:background, which typically provides an RGB color value (e.g., #00FF00 for green) to serve as the background for the widgetUseful MethodsYou can toggle whether or not a widget is enabled via setEnabled() and see if it is enabled via isEnabled(). One common use pattern for this is to disable some widgets based on a CheckBox or RadioButton selection.You can give a widget focus via requestFocus() and see if it is focused via isFocused(). You might use this in concert with disabling widgets as previously mentioned, to ensure the proper widget has the focus once your disabling operation is complete.To help navigate the tree of widgets and containers that make up an activity’s overall view, you can use:• get Parent() to find the parent widget or container• findViewById() to find a child widget with a certain ID• getRootView() to get the root of the tree (e.g., what you provided to the activity via setContentView())Android 页面布局使用XML进行布局虽然纯粹通过Java代码在activity上创建和添加部件，在技术上是可行的，我们在第4章中做的一样，更常见的方法是使用一种基于XML的布局文件。
apa第六版参考外文文献格式
APA第六版参考外文文献格式在学术写作中，《APA Publication Manual》第六版是非常重要的参考书籍。
它提供了许多规范和标准，包括文献引用格式。
今天我们将重点讨论APA第六版参考外文文献格式，从简单到复杂、由浅入深地解析这一重要主题。
一、基本概念让我们来了解一下APA第六版参考外文文献格式的基本概念。
在引用外文文献时，我们需要包括作者的姓氏、首字母，出版年份，文章题目，期刊名，期卷号和页码等信息。
这些信息应该按照一定的顺序和格式排列，以便读者能够清晰地了解参考文献的来源。
二、详细规范接下来，让我们深入了解APA第六版参考外文文献格式的详细规范。
在引用外文期刊文章时，应该按照以下格式排列信息：作者姓氏，首字母。
出版年份。
文章题目。
期刊名，期卷号（期号），页码。
在引用外文书籍时，格式也有所不同，应该包括作者姓氏，首字母。
出版年份。
书名。
出版地：出版社。
这些规范和格式的遵循对于保证学术写作的严谨和准确至关重要。
三、示例演练为了更好地理解APA第六版参考外文文献格式，我们可以通过示例演练来加深印象。
对于引用一篇外文期刊文章，我们应该按照以下格式书写：Smith, J. (2005). The impact of climate change on polar bears. Nature, 435(7041), 123-125。
而对于引用一本外文书籍，格式应该是这样的：Johnson, M. (2010). The psychology of decision making. New York, NY: Routledge。
四、个人观点和理解从个人的角度来看，我认为APA第六版参考外文文献格式的规范性和严谨性是非常重要的。
它不仅有助于保证学术写作的准确性和严谨性，还可以为读者提供清晰和详尽的参考文献信息。
我们在撰写学术论文或研究报告时，务必要严格按照APA第六版的规范来引用外文文献，以确保文献的可信度和可查性。
英文论文标准格式
英文论文标准格式The standard format for an English research paper is essential for presenting your work in a clear, organized, and professional manner. Adhering to this format not only ensures that your paper is well-structured and easy to read, but also helps to convey the credibility and authority of your research. In this document, we will outline the key elements of the standard format for an English research paper, including the title page, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and references.Title Page。
The title page of your research paper should include the title of the paper, your name, the name of your institution, and the date. The title should be informative and concise, clearly indicating the focus of your research. It is important to use a font and formatting style that is consistent with the rest of the paper.Abstract。
参考文献标准格式规范(涵盖英文期刊毕业论文范例)
参考文献标准格式规范（涵盖英文期刊毕业论文范例）撰写论文时，参考文献的引用和整理往往成为限速步骤。
面对冗杂繁琐的参考文献，不少科研人感到无从下手。
今天，小编给大家分享参考文献标准格式的相关内容，帮助大家快速编排好参考文献，整理思路，提炼文献精华，分分钟搞定参考文献！一、英文参考文献标准格式1.专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。
文献题名。
出版地：出版者，出版年。
起止页码(任选)。
示例：[1]Day,C.,Veen,D.van,& Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.2.期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。
文献题名。
刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码。
示例：[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3)：365- 386.3.论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。
析出文献题名。
原文献主要责任者(任选)。
原文献题名。
出版地：出版者，出版年。
析出文献起止页码。
示例：[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In S.Weil(Ed.)，Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes Press.1999. pp.83- 104.[5]4.报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。
外文期刊论文格式
外文期刊论文格式【篇一：外文期刊的论文要求格式】your papers title starts here: please centeruse helvetica (arial) 14full first author1, a, full second author2,b and last author3,c12full address of first author, including country3full address of second author, including country list all distinct addresses in the same wayaemail, bemail, cemailkeywords: list the keywords covered in your paper. these keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.for the rest of the paper, please use times roman (times new roman) 12abstract. this template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for trans tech publications. the best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. please make the page settings of your word processor to a4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in),right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). (we shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct. if not, we will have to scan your paper which, when compared with an electronic version, results in very poor quality) your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.introductionall manuscripts must be in english, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. when receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. should authors use tables or figures from other publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).organization of the textsection headings. the section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph). page numbers. do not number your paper:tables. tables (refer with: table 1, table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. a descriptive title should be placed above each table. units in tables should be given in square brackets [mev]. if square brackets are not available, use curly {mev} or standard brackets (mev).macros. do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (we will not be able to convert such papers into our system)language. all text, figures and tables must be in english. figures. figures (refer with: fig. 1, fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the caption will not be confused with the text. the caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. only very good photocopies are acceptable. utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. if possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. for best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. the author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.equations. equations (refer with: eq. 1, eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2). there should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. the equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. equations should be punctuated as if they were anordinary part of the text. punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number, e.g.c2 = a2 + b2. (1) literature referencesreferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (if square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) two or more references at a time may be putin one set of brackets [3,4]. the references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading references, see our example below. summaryif you follow the “checklist” your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.references[1] dj.m. maric, p.f. meier and s.k. estreicher: mater. sci. forum vol. 83-87 (1992), p. 119[2] m.a. green: high efficiency silicon solar cells (trans tech publications, switzerland 1987).[3] y. mishing, in: diffusion processes in advanced technological materials, edtied by d. guptanoyes publications/william andrew publising, norwich, ny (2004), in press.chemistry, edited by s.d. schwartz, volume 5 of progress in theoretical chemistry and physics, chapter, 10, kluwer academic publishers (2000).[5] r.j. ong, j.t. dawley and p.g. clem: submitted to journal of materials research (2003)从这里开始你的论文的标题：请中心使用helvetica字体（宋体）14全第一author1，整个第二author2，b和最后author31full地址的第一作者，包括国家第二作者2full地址，包括国家3list所有不同的地址，以同样的方式aemail，bemail，cemail关键词：列出你的论文中所涉及的关键字。
英文期刊论文格式
英文期刊论文格式英文期刊论文格式【篇一：外文期刊的论文要求格式】your papers title starts here: please centeruse helvetica (arial) 14full first author1, a, full second author2,b and last author3,c12full address of first author, including country3full address of second author, including country list all distinct addresses in the same wayaemail, bemail, cemailkeywords: list the keywords covered in your paper. these keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.for the rest of the paper, please use times roman (times new roman) 12abstract. this template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for trans tech publications. the best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. please make the page settings of your word processor to a4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in),right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). (we shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct. if not, we will have to scan your paper which, when compared with an electronic version, results in very poor quality) your manuscript will bereduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.introductionall manuscripts must be in english, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. when receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. should authors use tables or figures from other publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).organization of the textsection headings. the section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph). page numbers. do not number your paper: tables. tables (refer with: table 1, table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. a descriptive title should be placed above each table. units in tables should be given in square brackets [mev]. if square brackets are not available, use curly {mev} or standard brackets (mev).macros. do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (we will not be able to convert such papers into our system) language. all text, figures and tables must be in english. figures. figures (refer with: fig. 1, fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that thecaption will not be confused with the text. the caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. only very good photocopies are acceptable. utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. if possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. for best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. the author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.equations. equations (refer with: eq. 1, eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2). there should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. the equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. equations should be punctuated as if they were an ordinary part of the text. punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number, e.g.c2 = a2 + b2. (1) literature referencesreferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (if square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) two or more references at a time may be put in one set of brackets [3,4]. the references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading references, see our example below. summaryif you follow the “checklist” your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.references[1] dj.m. maric, p.f. meier and s.k. estreicher: mater. sci. forum vol. 83-87 (1992), p. 119[2] m.a. green: high efficiency silicon solar cells (trans tech publications, switzerland 1987).[3] y. mishing, in: diffusion processes in advanced technological materials, edtied by d. guptanoyes publications/william andrew publising, norwich, ny (2004), in press.chemistry, edited by s.d. schwartz, volume 5 of progress in theoretical chemistry and physics, chapter, 10, kluwer academic publishers (2000).[5] r.j. ong, j.t. dawley and p.g. clem: submitted to journal of materials research (2003)从这里开始你的论文的标题：请中心使用helvetica字体（宋体）14全第一author1，整个第二author2，b和最后author31full地址的第一作者，包括国家第二作者2full地址，包括国家3list所有不同的地址，以同样的方式aemail，bemail，cemail关键词：列出你的论文中所涉及的关键字。
外文文献的引用格式
外文文献的引用格式一、APA格式1. 文献列表作者姓，名字首字母.（出版年份）. 文献. 期刊名称，卷号（期号），页码范围。
例如：Smith, J. (2020). The impact of climate change on biodiversity. Journal of Environmental Science, 35(2), 123145.2. 引用在中引用文献时，需要在相应内容后加上作者姓氏和出版年份，用括号括起来。
例如：According to Smith (2020), climate change has asignificant impact on biodiversity.二、MLA格式1. 文献列表作者姓，名字首字母. “文献.” 期刊名称，卷号（期号），页码范围，出版年份。
例如：Smith, J. “The impact of climate change on biodiversity.” Journal of Environmental Science 35, no. 2 (2020): 123145.2. 引用在中引用文献时，需要在相应内容后加上作者姓氏和页码，用括号括起来。
例如：According to Smith (123), climate change has asignificant impact on biodiversity.三、Chicago格式Chicago格式是美国芝加哥大学推荐的引用格式，广泛应用于历史、艺术、哲学等领域。
Chicago格式有两种引用方式：脚注和尾注。
具体格式如下：1. 脚注/尾注作者姓，名字首字母. 文献. 期刊名称，卷号（期号），页码范围，出版年份.例如：Smith, J. “The impact of climate change on biodiversity.” Journal of Environmental Science 35, no. 2 (2020): 123145.2. 引用在中引用文献时，需要在相应内容后加上脚注或尾注编号，如：1。
2024年外文参考文献格式要求
D.专著中析出的文献
〔序号〕 析出责任者.析出题名.见(英文用In)：专著责任者.书名.出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码.
〔12〕罗云.安全科学理论体系的`发展及趋势探讨.见：白春华，何学秋，吴宗之.21世纪安全科学与技术的发展趋势.北京：科学出版社，2000：1-5.
2024年外文参考文献格式要求
外文参考文献格式要求 篇1
单一作者著作的书籍：
姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.
Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
②磁带数据库[DB/MT]
③光盘图书[M/CD]
④磁盘软件[CP/DK]
⑤网上期刊[J/OL]
⑥网上电子公告[EB/OL]
期刊论文
[1]周庆荣，张泽廷，朱美文，等.固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的.溶解度[J].化工学报，1995，46(3)：317 323
[2]Dobbs J M, Wong J M. Modification of supercritical fluid phasebehavior using polor coselvent[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987,26:56
B.专著
〔序号〕 主要责任者.文献题名〔M〕.出版地：出版者，出版年：页码.
〔3〕 刘国钧，郑如斯.中国书的故事〔M〕.北京：中国青年出版社，1979：115.
参考文献中外文的书写格式
参考文献中外文的书写格式1. 书写作者信息：单一作者，姓氏，名字的首字母缩写。
例如，Smith, J.多位作者，按照作者出现的顺序写出姓氏和名字的首字母缩写，中间用逗号分隔。
例如，Smith, J., Johnson, A.若有超过七位作者，可以列出前六位作者后加上省略号，然后写上最后一位作者的姓名。
若无法找到作者，可以用匿名代替。
2. 标题信息：书名或文章标题的首字母大写，其余字母小写。
例如，The Art of War.对于期刊文章或论文，标题要用引号括起来。
例如，"The Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity."3. 出版信息：出版年份写在作者姓名之后，用括号括起来。
例如，(2022)。
若有多个版本或者卷号，可以在括号中注明。
例如，(第2版) 或 (Vol. 5)。
出版地点一般不需要写，除非是非常特殊的情况。
4. 出版商信息：出版商的名称要完整写出，可以缩写为常用的形式。
例如，Cambridge University Press 可以缩写为Cambridge UP。
5. 文献类型：对于书籍，书名要用斜体或者下划线表示。
对于期刊文章，期刊名称要用斜体或者下划线表示。
6. DOI或URL：对于在线出版的文献，可以提供DOI（数字对象标识符）或URL链接。
下面是一些具体的例子，以便更好地理解外文参考文献的书写格式：1. 书籍：Smith, J. (2022). The Art of War. Cambridge UP.2. 期刊文章：Johnson, A., & Brown, M. (2021). "The Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity." Environmental Science Journal, 15(3), 123-145.3. 学术论文：Lee, C., & Wang, H. (2020). "A Study on Artificial Intelligence." Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Science.请注意，这只是APA格式的一种示例，不同的引用规范可能会有细微的差异。
毕业论文外文文献格式
毕业论文外文文献格式毕业论文外文文献格式参考文献的引用应当实事求是、科学合理，不可以为了凑数随便引用。
毕业论文外文文献的格式是什么?毕业论文外文文献格式格式要求一、翻译的外文文献一般为1~2篇，外文字符要求不少于1.5万(或翻译成中文后至少在3000字以上)。
二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关着作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业论文(设计)的参考文献。
并在每篇中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，中文译文后应附外文原文。
三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为题目采用小三号黑体字居中打印，正文采用宋体小四号字，行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。
页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸。
四、封面格式由学校统一制作(注：封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目，附件1为一篇外文翻译的'封面格式，附件二为两篇外文翻译的封面格式)，若有两篇外文文献，请按“封面、译文一、外文原文一、译文二、外文原文二”的顺序统一装订。
标题(20字以内，可用副标题补充说明，4号黑体加粗。
居中)(5号空一行)外文作者署名(Times New Roman5号，居中)(5号空一行)(外文翻译成中文的内容)(5号宋体)(5号空一行)外文着录(填写此项内容)(5号宋体)按照：着录/ 题名/ 出版事项顺序排列注明期刊--着者，题名，期刊名称，出版年，卷号(期号)，起始页码。
书籍--着者，书名，版次(第一版不标注)，出版地，出版者，出版年，起始页码。
说明：译文前面附被翻译的外文原件复印件，复印件用与论文稿纸相同大小的白纸(A4纸张)复印参考文献范例：[1] FREDERICK S,RICHARD B,ERIC M, Full body interface pressure testing as a method for performance evaluation of clinical support surfaces [Jj. Applied Ergonomics, 1998,29(6)： 491-497.[2]Roy J E, Dick F S, Eus J W.Skin temperature and sleep-onset latency: Changes with age and insomnia [J]. Physiology Behavior, 2007,90(2-3)： 257~266.[3]Hyunja L, Sejin P. Quantitative effects of mattress types (comfortable vs. uncomfortable) on sleep quality through poly-somnography and skin temperature[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006, 36(11)： 943一949.[4]Miguel L T, Rosa P J. Objective firmness, average pressureand subjective perception in mattresses for the elderly [ J].Applied Ergonomics, 2008, 39(1)：123-130.[5]Ling L T,Hau M L.Effects of bedding systems selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related respiratory disturbances[J] .Applied Ergonomics, 2008,39(2)：261-270.[6]Haex B. Back and bed: Ergonomic Aspects of Sleeping CRC Press, Boca Raton,FL, 2004.[7]Hildebrandt V H, Back pain in the working population: prevalence rates in Dutch trades and professions [J]. Ergonomics, 1995, 38.[8]Lee H, Park S. Quantitative effects of mattress type on sleep quality through polysomnography and skin temperature [J]. Industrial Ergonomics, 2006, 36:934-949.[9]Jacobson B H,Wallace T J, Smith D B, et al. Grouped comparisons of sleep quality for new and personal bedding systems [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2007,39.[10]Bader.GQ Engdal S. The influence of bed firmness on sleep quality [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2000,31.[11]BUCKXEP, FERN ANDES A. Mattress evaluation-assessment of a cont act pres sure,comfort and discomfort [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 1998,29(1)。
英文期刊论文格式
英文期刊论文格式【篇一：外文期刊的论文要求格式】your papers title starts here: please centeruse helvetica (arial) 14full first author1, a, full second author2,b and last author3,c12full address of first author, including country3full address of second author, including country list all distinct addresses in the same wayaemail, bemail, cemailkeywords: list the keywords covered in your paper. these keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.for the rest of the paper, please use times roman (times new roman) 12abstract. this template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for trans tech publications. the best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. please make the page settings of your word processor to a4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in),right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). (we shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct. if not, we will have to scan your paper which, when compared with an electronic version, results in very poor quality) your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.introductionall manuscripts must be in english, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. when receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. should authors use tables or figures from other publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).organization of the textsection headings. the section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph). page numbers. do not number your paper:tables. tables (refer with: table 1, table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. a descriptive title should be placed above each table. units in tables should be given in square brackets [mev]. if square brackets are not available, use curly {mev} or standard brackets (mev).macros. do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (we will not be able to convert such papers into our system)language. all text, figures and tables must be in english. figures. figures (refer with: fig. 1, fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the caption will not be confused with the text. the caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. only very good photocopies are acceptable. utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. if possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. for best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. the author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.equations. equations (refer with: eq. 1, eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2). there should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. the equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. equations should be punctuated as if they were anordinary part of the text. punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number, e.g.c2 = a2 + b2. (1) literature referencesreferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (if square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) two or more references at a time may be putin one set of brackets [3,4]. the references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading references, see our example below. summaryif you follow the “checklist” your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.references[1] dj.m. maric, p.f. meier and s.k. estreicher: mater. sci. forum vol. 83-87 (1992), p. 119[2] m.a. green: high efficiency silicon solar cells (trans tech publications, switzerland 1987).[3] y. mishing, in: diffusion processes in advanced technological materials, edtied by d. guptanoyes publications/william andrew publising, norwich, ny (2004), in press.chemistry, edited by s.d. schwartz, volume 5 of progress in theoretical chemistry and physics, chapter, 10, kluwer academic publishers (2000).[5] r.j. ong, j.t. dawley and p.g. clem: submitted to journal of materials research (2003)从这里开始你的论文的标题：请中心使用helvetica字体（宋体）14全第一author1，整个第二author2，b和最后author31full地址的第一作者，包括国家第二作者2full地址，包括国家3list所有不同的地址，以同样的方式aemail，bemail，cemail关键词：列出你的论文中所涉及的关键字。
英文 学术论文格式
附件1：英文版学术论文格式样张The Researches on Rs Method for Discrete Membership Functions（空一行）ZHANG Xiaoya, LI Dexiang(题目14号字加黑居中) School of Management,Sichuan University, P.R.China, 610036 (10 号字居中)yuanfengxiangsheng@(10号字加黑) (空一行)Abstract Mizumoto used to advance a fuzzy reasoning method ,Rs,which fits the……Key words IDSS,Fuzzy reasoning,……(10号字)(空一行)1 Introduction (一级标题12号字加黑)We know that the approaches of implementation of intelligent decision support systems(IDSS)have become variable……(正文均用10号字)(空一行)2 An ExampleAccording to the definition of Rs,we can construct the fuzzy relation matrix,as shown in table 1Table 1 A Fuzzy Relation Rs (9号字加黑居中) U2U3U10.00 0.10 0.40 0.70……0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 ……0.20 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 ……(表中用9号字).….. …………………(空一行)Figure 1 Functions of……(9号字加黑居中)3 The Improved Method(空一行)3.1 Method one (二级标题10号字加黑)…………3.1.1 Discussing about method one (三级标题10号字)…………（空一行）3.2 Method two……………………(空一行)4 Conclusion (12号字加黑)…………(空一行)References (12号字加黑居中)（空一行）[1] M.Mizumoto,H.J.Zimmermann. comparision of fuzzy reasoning methods. Fuzzy Sets andSystems ,8(1982),p253～283 (参考文献均用10号字)国际会议论文排版要求及样张关于论文1.论文的书写顺序时:标题、作者姓名、作者单位，邮箱，摘要、关键词、引言、正文、结论、参考文献。
外文文献的引用格式_论文格式_
外文文献的引用格式各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文示例相同，其中题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写，期刊的刊名可用全称或按iso4规定的缩写格式，为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差，建议以(sx x x x -x x x x )格式在刊名后加issn号。
例:[1]marcel merle. sociologie des relations internationales[m].4th ed.paris:dalloz，1988.[2]yufin s a.geoecology and computers:proceedings of the third international conference on advances of computer meth-odsin geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering，moscow，russia，february1-4，XX[c].rotterdam:a.a.balkema，XX.[3]guo ai-bing.auto show revsup customers. desire[n].chinadaily，XX-06-07(1).[4]green d h，wallaceme.mantle metasomatism by ephemeral carbonate melts[j].nature(s0028-0836)，1988，336(7):459-462.(336代表“卷”;7代表“期数”)[5]calms r b.infrared spectroscopic studies on solid oxygen[d].berkeley:univ.of california，1965.[6]majd a a j.numerical study of the mechanism for initiation of reacting shock waves，ad-a232432[r].1990.[7]mil-std-810b，warhead safety tests[s].。
英文参考文献书写格式
英文参考文献书写格式英文参考文献的书写格式通常遵守下列规范:1. 期刊文章:[期刊名称] (出版年份) 文章名字。
标题副标题[J]. 期刊集刊，年，月，页码.例如:Taylor, S. J. (2017). Global temperatures rise at fastest rate in 140 years. Nature. 543(7685): 47-48.2. 书籍:[作者名字] (出版年份). 书名。
出版地点：出版商，页码.例如:King, C. J. (1998). A history of Western thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 350-351.3. 论文集:[论文集名称] (出版年份). 论文集名字。
出版地点：出版商，年，月，页码.例如:Myers, D. G. (2003). What is organizational culture? In G. B.松柏 (Ed.), Culture and organizations (pp. 3-21). Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 3.4. 报告:[报告名称] (作者名字). 报告地点：报告日期.例如:NASA Tech Briefs (2016). How to build a spacesuit. 报告地点:NASA Kennedy Space Center, 2016 年 2 月 19 日.5. 其他类型文献:[其他类型文献名称] (作者名字). 文献地点：文献日期.例如:NAS Report (2017). Climate change and extreme weather events. 文献地点:National Academy of Sciences, 2017 年 12 月18 日.注意：不同类型的文献可能会有不同的参考文献书写格式，因此在写作时需要注意是否符合特定类型的规范。
外文参考文献格式模板
外文参考文献格式模板英文参考文献引用格式有两种：APA格式和MLA格式。
1、APA格式：APA（American Psychological Association）是一种标明参考来源的格式，主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中，国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。
APA文内注的参考文献格式是：“（作者姓氏，发表年份）”。
APA文末的参考文献目录格式是：Reference List, 必须以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数：起止页码】Smith,J.（2006）.The title of the article.The title of Journal,1,101-105。
非期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】Sussan.G.（2002）.What computers can't do.NewYork:Harp&Row。
2、MLA格式：MLA是美国现代语言协会（Modern Language Association）制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科（Liberal Arts）。
MLA文内注的基本格式：“（作者姓氏，文献页码）”。
MLA文末的参考文献目录格式：在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：期刊类：【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,C.E.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28(1979):22。
非期刊类：【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard w in Civil Society.Madison:U of Wisconsin P,1995。
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外文期刊论文格式【篇一：外文期刊的论文要求格式】your papers title starts here: please centeruse helvetica (arial) 14full first author1, a, full second author2,b and last author3,c12full address of first author, including country3full address of second author, including country list all distinct addresses in the same wayaemail, bemail, cemailkeywords: list the keywords covered in your paper. these keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.for the rest of the paper, please use times roman (times new roman) 12abstract. this template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for trans tech publications. the best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. please make the page settings of your word processor to a4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in),right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). (we shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct. if not, we will have to scan your paper which, when compared with an electronic version, results in very poor quality) your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.introductionall manuscripts must be in english, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. when receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. should authors use tables or figures from other publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).organization of the textsection headings. the section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph). page numbers. do not number your paper:tables. tables (refer with: table 1, table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. a descriptive title should be placed above each table. units in tables should be given in square brackets [mev]. if square brackets are not available, use curly {mev} or standard brackets (mev).macros. do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (we will not be able to convert such papers into our system)language. all text, figures and tables must be in english. figures. figures (refer with: fig. 1, fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the caption will not be confused with the text. the caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. only very good photocopies are acceptable. utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. if possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. for best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. the author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.equations. equations (refer with: eq. 1, eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2). there should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. the equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. equations should be punctuated as if they were anordinary part of the text. punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number, e.g.c2 = a2 + b2. (1) literature referencesreferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (if square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) two or more references at a time may be putin one set of brackets [3,4]. the references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading references, see our example below. summaryif you follow the “checklist” your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.references[1] dj.m. maric, p.f. meier and s.k. estreicher: mater. sci. forum vol. 83-87 (1992), p. 119[2] m.a. green: high efficiency silicon solar cells (trans tech publications, switzerland 1987).[3] y. mishing, in: diffusion processes in advanced technological materials, edtied by d. guptanoyes publications/william andrew publising, norwich, ny (2004), in press.chemistry, edited by s.d. schwartz, volume 5 of progress in theoretical chemistry and physics, chapter, 10, kluwer academic publishers (2000).[5] r.j. ong, j.t. dawley and p.g. clem: submitted to journal of materials research (2003)从这里开始你的论文的标题：请中心使用helvetica字体（宋体）14全第一author1，整个第二author2，b和最后author31full地址的第一作者，包括国家第二作者2full地址，包括国家3list所有不同的地址，以同样的方式aemail，bemail，cemail关键词：列出你的论文中所涉及的关键字。