新型穗茎兼收型玉米收获机总体方案设计

毕业设计（论文）

题目：新型穗茎兼收型玉米收获机

总体方案设计

学院：轻工与农业工程学院

专业：机械设计制造及其自动化

学生姓名：

指导教师：

中文摘要

摘要

玉米是我国三大粮食作物之一，是优质饲料和重要的工业原料，同时玉米秸秆还是畜牧业的重要饲料。目前我国小麦已基本实现了生产过程的机械化，但是玉米的机收面积却不足5%，而且玉米收获后产生的大量玉米秸秆还没有得到有效的利用和解决，这成为玉米生产过程的瓶颈和难点。因此，研制一种新型穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机，既适应农民传统收获玉米的习惯，又增加了茎秆青贮收获，使农民增产增收。

随着我国农业结构的调整和畜牧业的发展，穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机成为发展热点。穗茎兼收型背负式玉米联合收获机是与55~80马力拖拉机配套，利用拖拉机的动力和行走装置进行作业，可一次完成玉米的摘穗、集箱、秸秆的切碎回收、旋耕灭茬等作业。

本课题通过对现有玉米收获机的研究分析，比较其优缺点，设计出一种性能可靠、结构简单、布局合理的背负式穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机。该机采用全新的机架和传动系统，果穗升运器和秸秆升运器上下布置且均采用下刮板，燕尾甩刀位于摘穗辊正下方，该刀前端为切断部分，后面为切碎部分，秸秆被切碎后首先抛入秸秆升运器中，再升运至搅龙输送到抛送器抛送，根茬由位于拖拉机后方的灭茬机灭茬。本课题的研究对推广玉米收获机械化技术、培育玉米机收市场和改善农牧业的产业结构都具有十分重要的现实意义。

关键词：农业工程，玉米联合收获机，穗茎兼收，背负式，总体设计

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Abstract（英文摘要）

Abstract

Corn is one of the three main grain crops in our country, it is the high-quality livestock feed and important industry raw material. In the meantime, the corn stalks is also animal husbandry important feed. Currently, in our country, wheat has already completely produced by machine, but the mechanization proportion of the corn production is only 5%. After the corn harvest, a great deal of corn stalks left in the field, which is hard to clean and use effectively. This is the bottleneck and crux of the corn production. Therefore, devising a new type of spike-stalk-reaping corn combine, it is on one hand accord with the traditional harvest habit of Chinese farmers, and increase the silage output of the stalks on the other hand. This new technology can increase the corn production and the farmer’s incomes.

With the adjustment of the agricultural structure and the development of stockbreeding, the corn combine reaping both corn stalk and spike is becoming a hotspot. Spike-stalk-reaping backpack corn combine is equipped with 55~80HP tractors which provide the power and running device. It can finish the steps of snapping and collecting of spike, cutting and retrieving of stalk, rotary tilling at one time.

This research starts on the basis of analyzing the merits and shortcomes of existing corn combine harvesters, is to design a new kind of dependable performance and simple structure and rational layout spike-stalk-reaping backpack corn combine. The combine uses the brand-new rack and the transmission system, cob lift conveyer and straw stalk lift conveyer up and down arrangement, and both use the under drawing template, the dovetail flail knife located at the stripper roller underneath, the front of the knife is cut off part, the other is cut up part, after the straw stalk cuts to pieces, first are tossed into the straw stalk lift conveyer, rises to transport again to stirs dragon and transport to throws delivers throw out, the stubble cleaner is located at behind tractor's to eliminate stubble. The research has very important realistic meaning. It can be used in expanding the corn production mechanization, exploring the corn combine market and improving the industrial structure of agriculture and stockbreeding.

Key words:agriculture engineering, corn combine, spike-stalk-reaping, backpack, total design

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