GRE写作句套和模板

➢开头段结尾句
笼统说
1、Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, reveals that none of them lend
credible support to the recommendation.
2、However, close scrutiny of the evidence reveals that it accomplished little
toward supporting the director's claim, as discussed below.
3、Careful examination of this supporting evidence, however, reveals that it
lends little credible support to the applicant's claim.
4、A careful analysis of the study reveals several problems with the editorial's
argument.
5、In several respects, this evidence provides little support for the president's
recommendation.
6、I find this argument is logically flawed in several critical respects.
7、I find this recommendation specious on several grounds.
8、As discussed below, the argument suffers from several critical flaws and is
therefore unpersuasive as it stands.
9、For three reasons, this evidence lends little crediblity to the speaker's
argument.
假设不成立
1、However, the recommendation relies on a series of unsubstantiated
assumptions, which render it unconvincing as it stands.
2、However, the editorial relies on a number of doubtful assumptions and is
therefore unconvincing.
数据有问题
1、The study suffers from certain statistical and other problem, which render the
argument based upon it unpersuasive.
➢结尾段
●开头
In sum/In conclusion/
●完善
To strengthen it
To justify this claim
To bolster the editorial's claims
the author must rule out the possibility/other factors that
the author must demonstrate that
the author must provide supporting evidence.
the author must also show that
the author must convince me that
the author must provide clear/better evidence, perhaps by way of a reliable survey, that
To better assess/evaluate/ the author's final two claims
I would need to know
I would also need more information about
➢中间段落
◆数据调查类
1.The statistical evidence/the result of the survey upon which the argument relies is
too vague to be informative
2.The argument relies on figures that are too imprecise to support the conclusion
drawn.
3.The result of the study is incomplete to be conclusive.
4.This single sample is insufficient to draw any general conclusion about...
5.In order to establish a strong correlation between ..., the study's sample must be
sufficient in size and representative of ...
6.Yet we are told nothing about the way the poll was conducted and how well it
represented the public opinions.
7.It is entirely possible that people inclined to ... were more willing to respond to
the survey than other people were.
8.The example cited,..., is insufficient to warrant ... because there is no reason to
believe that the data drawn from ... is representative of ...
9.Since the arguer makes a claim about ... in general, the sample for the survey
should be able to represent all...
10.The argument fails to indicate what portion of the people surveyed actually
responeded; the smaller this portion, the less reliable the results.
cking evidence of a sufficiently representative sample, the author cannot
justifiably rely on the study to draw any conclusion whatsoever(=whatever)
12.When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the
samples should be close enough in time to the generalization they are used to support, so that historical changes will not invalidate the generalization.
13.From the survey quoted in the argument, however, we find no sign of such
procedures for random sampling, and have good reason to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general attitudes of all workers as a whole. 14.If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a diverse cross
section of the population of ... ,the results will be reliable regardless of ...
◆因果关系
prehensive(广泛的) analysis is necessary to identify the actual cause of ...
2.The arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between... and ...
3.The argument assumes a causal relationship where only a correlation has been
indicated.
4.There is no information available to justify any causal relationship between A and
B
5.We do not have any evidence suggesting that A will cause B.
6.To find the exact cause of ... , examination should be applied to all the factors that
have significant impact on ...
7.It does not naturally warrant the conclusion that A has significantly contributed,
and thus is causal to B.
8.This observed phenomenon, actually, says little more than that these two events
are synchronic(同时发生的) to each other and that is all.
9. A direct correlation between ... does not necessarily prove that the former causes
the latter.
10.While a high correlation is strong evidence of a causal relationship, in itself it is
not sufficient.
11.Any further linkage of these two phenomena requires more evidence and is not
justified by the data so far available.
◆个体与整体
1.The arguer assumes that what is true of a group as a whole is necessarily true of
each menber of that group.
2.The argument assumes that what is true of group of people taken collectively is
also true of any individual within that group.
3.The argument attributes a characteristic of an individual member of a group to the
group as a whole.
4.The arguer support the conclusion by over-generalizing from a specific piece of
evidence.
5.The arguer generalizes on the basis of a sample consisting of atypical cases.
6.The arguer use a few exceptional cases as the basis for a claim about what is true
in general.
7.The arguer infers from what has been observed to be the case under exceptional
conditions to what is principle true.
8.The arguer draws a conclusion that is broader in scope than is warranted by the
evidence advanced.
9.The author generalizes from what is true in one region of space to what must be
true in all regions of space.
10.The arguer attempts to extract a general principle from a specific case.
◆基于假设
1.The author assumes that ... However, the author provides no evidence that this is
the case.
2.Even if ... in claiming that ... the author assumes that...
3.Based on the fact that ... the author infers that . However, this is not necessarily
the case.
◆忽略可能性
1.The argument fails to rule out the possibility that ...
2.The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between ...
3.The author fails to consider and rules out other factors that might account for ...
4.The author ignores/fails to take into account/consider/explain other likely benefits
of...
5.On the one hand, the author ignores the possibility that ...; on the other hand,
perhaps...
6.While this may be true in some cases,but it is equally possible that ...
7.While it is true that ... ,this is not true of everyone.
8.The argument ignores factors such as ... that may be more important than A in
determining B.
9.But, since the editorial provides no evidence to substantiate this assumption it is
equally possible that ...
10.The argument fails to account for the possiblity that
◆其他逻辑错误
1.This assumption presents a false dilemma,since ...are not necessarily mutually
exclusive alternatives.
2.The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either-or choice between
two courese of action that need not be mutually exclusive.
3.The evidence it cites is consistent with the alternative(二选一的)hypothesis
that ...
4.The problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify the
analogical deduction.
In short, lacking evidence that conditions on the two islands are relevantly similar, the author cannot convince me on the basis of ... that ...
◆结尾句
cking more specific information about ... ,it is impossible to assess...
2.Unless the author can demonstrate that ... ,the author's concern about these issues
is unfounded.
3.In short, lacking evidence that conditions on the two islands are relevantly similar,
the author cannot convince me on the basis of ... that ...
4.Therefore, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of ... must be based on
more thorough investigation to gather sufficient data in order to narrow down and locate the actual causes of the problem
5..Since the editorial fails to rule out these and other possible explainations for ... , I
cannot accept any conclusions about ...
6.Since the applicant has not adequately responded to this concern,his claim that ...
is untenable.
7.Thus, without better evidence that ..., the editorial remains unconvincing.
8.Without eliminating this possibility,the owner cannot rely on the national survey
to conclude that ...
9.The author must consider and eliminate this and other possible reasons why...
otherwise, I cannot accept the author's implicit claim that...
10.The article fails to account for the alternative explanation for ... , thus the article's
author cannot make any sound recommendations to ...
11.Without additional samples from diverse geographic locations,I cannot accept the
author's sweeping generalization(不加区分的概括) about...
➢常用词汇
●有问题
1.doubtful/ dubious/ flawed/ gratuitous/ groundless/ misleading/ problematic/
questionable/ specious/ vague/ vulnerable/
2.indefensible/ insufficient/ invalid/
3.unconvincing/ unfairly/ unfounded/ unjustified/ unpersuasive/ unreliable/
unreasonable/ unsubstantiated/ untenable/ unwarranted
4.ill conceived/ poorly supported/ lack credibility/ lends no strong support to
●支持类
convince/ demonstrate/ justify/ prove/ solidate/ strengthen/ substantiate/ support/ validate/
➢七种逻辑错误典型句式
●经不起推敲的类推
The argument relies on what might be a false analogy between...
●因果关系错误
The argument concludes based on a known correlation between... and ...
that the latter is attribute, at least partly, to the former. Yet the correlation
alone amounts to scant evidence of the claimed cause-and-effect relationship.
●群体特征适用于所有成员
The argument assumes that the demographic trend in the specific region where...reflects the general trend upon which the argument relies.
●认为某条件是某结果的必要或充分条件
The recommendation depends on the assumption that no alternative means of improving the students' reading skills are available. Yet no evidence
is offered to substantiate this assumption.
●统计数据问题
One problem with the argument involves the cited statistics about ...
●调查或民意测验问题
The survey methodology might be problematic in two respects: First, we are not informed whether the survey required the respondents choose ... between alternatives. Secondly, we are not informed whether survey responses were anonymous, or even confidential.
●认为事情是永恒不变的
The ad's claim unfairly infers from ... in the past that ...this year must also be comparatively safe.
◆普通论证
1.The mere fact that ... is insufficient evidence to conclude that....
2.The fact that ... does not prove that/does not support the claim that/does not
ensure that/lends no strong support to the conclusion that...
3.The fact that ... does not necessarily imply that ...
4.The author provides no evidence that ....
mon sense tells us that ....
6.Unless ... ,there is a good chance ...
7.The arguer fails to provide any information concerning ...
8.The reasoning/assumption that ... is open to doubt/ doubtful/ suspicious/
unreliable/ problematic/ questionable/ unconvincing/ unfounded/ unwarranted/ groundless.
9.The arguer oversimplifies the factors that ...
10.The arguer overemphasizes the importance of ...
11.The conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and probably misleading.
12.The argument simply equates ... with...,which is ...
13.The argument rests on the gratuitous/unreasonable assumption that ....
14.The arguer's conclusion depends on the questionable assumption that ...
15.Another assumption in short of legitimacy is ....
16.The evidence provided in this argument is not sufficent to validate the assumption
that....
17.The arguer draws a hasty conclusion which is based on inadequate evidence
about...
18.The arguer's reasoning linking A with B seems reasonable on the surface,but...
19.Contigencies(不可预测事件或紧急事件) such as ... can all lead to ...
20.The fact that ...accomplishes nothing toward bolstering the recommendation
that ...
21.Nor does the mere fact that ... lend significant support to ...
22.Even if the dean can substantiate all of the foregoing assumptions, the dean's
assertion that ... is still unwarranted.
23.Given these possible scenarios,the fact that .. proves nothing about ...
24.By relying on the national survey to support its conclusion the argument depends
on the assumption that ...
25.This scenarios is quite possible,especially considering that ...
26.Any of these scenarios, if true, would cast considerable doubt on the argument's
conclusion that ...
27.The nationwide study showing ... does not necessarily apply to ...
28.Without weighing revenue against expenses the argument's conslusion is
premature at best(充其量，至多).
29.Even assuming ..., it is nevertheless(仍然) impossible to assess the author's
broader contention(论点) that ...
30.Absent either a clear definition of the term or dear evidence that ..., the author's
contention that ... is simply unjustified.
31.Absent additional information about the cited studies, these studies lend no
credible support to the conclusion that ...
32.Although this is entirely possible, the argument provides no evidence to support
this assumption.
mon sense and experience tells us this is not the case, and that a variety of
other factors, such as ..., also play major roles.
34.Without such evidence the argument can be rejected out of hand(立刻).
35.If this is the case, it provides an alternative explannation for the fact that ...。