2020年高考英语二轮复习词义猜测类 专项练习附答案
2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练(附答案)
2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练（附答案）1.阅读理解A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him around. Thinking nothing of it,he ignored her and continued on. Finally, he went to the checkout line, but she got in front of him. “Pardon me,” she said, “I'm sorry if my staring at you has made you feel uncomfortable. It's just that you look just like my son who just died recently.”“I'm very sorry,” replied the young man, “Is there anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “As I'm leaving, can you say ‘Goodbye mother'? It would make me feel much better”. “Sure,” answered the young man.As the old lady was leaving the count er, he called out from behind her, “Goodbye mother!” As he stepped up to the checkout counter and put what he bought on the counter, he saw that his total was $127.5. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only bought a few things!”“Your mother said that you would pay for her.” said the clerk.（1）The underlined word ‘ignore' most probably means _______.A. not to pay attention toB. to put on a smile atC. to watch out for （小心，当心）D. to look down upon（看不起）（2）Which of the following is the right order of the events in the story?a. the man said “Goodbye mother!”b. The woman left the supermarket.c. The woman spoke to the man.d. The man came to the counter.e. The woman got in front of the man.f. The woman followed the man.A. e,f,c,b,a,dB. c,e,f,a,b,dC. f,e,c,a,b,dD. d,e,c,f,b,a（3）What can be concluded（结论）from the passage?A. The man was fooled by the woman.B. The woman was too poor to pay for herself.C. The man didn't pay for the woman.D. The man didn't buy anything in the end.2.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
2020版高考英语二轮检测：2-1-3 阅读理解——词义猜测题即学即练Word版含解析
A(2019年江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考) The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts，”Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”“Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas.”Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events，”Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”1．How was the UQ research conducted?A．By observing extreme weather events.B．By protecting the endangered species.C．By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.D．By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.2．What does the underlined word “annihilated”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．destroyed B．defeatedC．decreased D．disappeared3．Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events?A．Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations.B．Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.C．Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.D．Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard.4．What can we infer from Professor Watson's words?A．Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.B．The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.C．Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.D．Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species' survival.答案与解析文章大意：本文为说明文。
(新高考)高考英语小题必练15阅读理解之词义猜测题
1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。
1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·山东卷C 篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia , which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测类专项练习(含答案)
2020 届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测类专项练习【分类真题】（2019 年全国卷II.A ）My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）oflifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull ，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt ' s about two sisters Eri, a m—odel who either won ' t or can ' t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable. The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21.Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl.答案】.C【解析】词义猜测题。
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(测)
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题6 阅读理解IV：词义猜测1.D【四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考】If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it’s worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said Sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren’t found guilty.Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn’t stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.12. What does the new study show?A. People wearing glasses are smarter.B. People wearing glasses are healthier.C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.13. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Shift.B. Link.C. Proof.D. Consequence.14. Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?A. Because it can create a moral image.B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.C. Because it can highlight clients’ qualities.D. Because it can prove the clients’ innocence.15. What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. MixedD. Indifferent.【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。
高考英语二轮创新复习专题一第四节词句猜测题练习含解析
学习资料高考英语二轮创新复习专题一第四节词句猜测题练习含解析班级：科目：第四节词句猜测题A(2020·石家庄高三阶段检测)Macinley Butson was just 16 years old when she first had the idea to try and protect women from more。
than.necessary radiation during breast cancer treatments—and now,her invention could be a game changer in the medical field.Butson，whose father works in medical physics,has always been interested in science.But she only began researching the side effects of radiation treatment after her father discussed his experience with ineffective cancer treatment in his work.Since Butson had also recently lost a relative to breast cancer，she felt inspired to conduct her own research on the subject.She tried to begin her medical research by consulting scientific journals，but she found their academic terms almost impossible to understand.She then turned to the Internet to find videos that taught how to read scientific journals。
2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十五 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含答案)
解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。
浙江2020高考英语阅读理解：词义猜测题讲解及选练
浙江2020高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题讲解及选练（含答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。
【词义猜测题】Ⅰ. 利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。
有时，为了避免重复，作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。
此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。
这种情况下，通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。
Ⅱ. 利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。
反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义，像although，but，while，however，otherwise，on the other hand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。
Ⅲ. 根据定义和解释猜测词义。
有些文章中尽管出现了生词，但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释，如利用means，or，that is to say，that is，in other words，namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。
Ⅳ. 利用举例说明猜测词义。
有时，有些生词没有给出直接的解释，而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。
我们可以对这些例子进行归纳，即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义，也能猜测出其大致意思。
常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有：like，for example，for instance，such as，such ... as等。
Ⅴ. 利用上下文语境猜测词义。
猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境，此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
Ⅵ. 利用词义搭配猜测词义。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练四句意猜测类
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练四句意猜测类(xx·山西省省际名校联考)This time last year I entered two longdistance massparticipation swimming events, including the Jubilee River 10 km swim. At the last minute, just before both swims, I decided to pull out. The reality is, I live in fear of ing last.Last year, before the two events, I realized that I couldn't deal with ing last.I had looked at the swim times of those who had pleted the previous year and calculated that, at my current swim pace, I would probably have e last in both. I just couldn't face it. But when next year came around, I decided to enter those same events again.For a few months, I trained hard, but I didn't get any faster. Then it was June 5, the day of the Jubilee River 10 km. The event started at 9：30 a．m., and the swimmers were anxious and eager to start. As I swam along, the river was quiet and clean and everything was peaceful. The sun shone. Meadows (草地) rolled by and every now and then someone would wave at the scene unfolding in the water.As the day wore on, somehow I didn't mind that, predictably, almost everyone was ahead. There were at least some swimmers still near me, and although we shared the same river we quietly occupied our own spaces. As I concentrated on doing my own thing, watching the sky, the bank, the other swimming caps passing or not passing.I realized I was enjoying myself.In the end, four hours and 29 minutes after I'd started, I staggered (摇摇晃晃地走) out of the water and was greeted with a smile and a “well done” from the race organizer. I glanced back over my shoulder toward the water and noticed that there were a small handful of swimmers who were still to finish, behind me, out of a field of around 300 swimmers. But it didn't matter. I_was_just_relieved,_proud_and_happy_to_finish.As I drove away, my thoughts turned to my next long race of the season and how much I was looking forward to it, my fears of ing last gently receding (渐渐远去)．体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：克服最后一名的恐惧【语篇导读】作者通过描述自己参加游泳比赛的经历告诉我们最后一名并不可怕，关键是要学会享受比赛的过程。
2020届高考二轮复习专题一阅读第3讲词义猜测题练习(英语)含答案
真题达标组】A(2019 浙江卷，B)Money_with_no_strings_attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Stationin Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need. ”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cashto the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio －economic ( 社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars. ” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip ( 片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles ，” Bridges said. “There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most. ” Most people who took dollars took o nly a few, but Bridges said a very smallnumber took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal wasto show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all, everyone has bad days and good days，” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand. ”( )1. What does the expression “money with no strings attached ” in Paragraph 1 mean?A．Money spent without hesitation.B．Money not legally made.C．Money offered without conditions.D．Money not tied together.( )2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?A．Women tended to be more sociable.B．The activity attracted various people.C．Economic problems were getting worse.D．Young couples needed financial assistance.( )3.Why did Bridges carry out the project?A．To do a test on people's morals.B．To raise money for his company.C．To earn himself a good reputation.D．To promote kindness and sympathy.【语篇解读】本文简单介绍了Tyler Bridges 在洛杉矶发起的The Toolbox 及其影响、意义。
2020届高考英语二轮对点集训：第二板块 专题一 第二部分 第四讲 词义猜测题 Word版含解析
[小题夯基练]1．(2020·潍坊调研)“I know that，Kim.And please，call me Bill.But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas.I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going.I don't need a ‘yes man’．You never tell me what you think.You just smile as though everything is fine.”“But，”said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior，it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”Q：The word“presumptuous”in the passage is close in meaning to “________”．A．full of respectB．too confident and rudeC．lacking in experienceD．too shy and quiet解析：B[本题考查对生词presumptuous意思的猜测。
根据生活常识可知，对于长辈和上司，随意称呼他们的名字和直接提意见是傲慢无礼的。
故选B项。
]2．(2019·衡水高考预测)Helen's attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years.She used to believe that everyone could change and deserved a second chance.She now believes that some crimes are so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy.Q：What does the underlined word“heinous”mean?A．Guilty.B．Terrible.C．Accidental.D．Unimportant.解析：B[这个句子使用了so...that...句式，表示“如此……以至于……”。
专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(讲练)-2020年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(解析版)
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
1.B【2019·全国I】
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
细节理解题10
推理判断题3
词义猜测题1
主旨大意题1
B
议论文
287
介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。
C
记叙文
2020新课标高考英语二轮总复习专题限时训练：3-9 词义猜测+Word版含解析
A2019·广东珠海市第二学期高三二模The tons of plastic we're dumping in the oceans is finding a new home—the stomachs of our beautiful marine animals. Yet another reminder of this fact washed ashore in Eastern Indonesia this week. A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota Island.The 9.5-metre sperm whale (抹香鲸) was found by rescuers from the Wakatobi National Park. “The whale had swallowed 5.9 kilograms of plastic waste containing 115 plastic cups, four plastic bottles, 25 plastic bags, and more than 1,000 other kinds of pieces of plastic，” park chief Heri Santoso told the reporter.“Although we have not been able to deduce the cause of death, the facts that we see are truly awful，”said Dwi Suprapti, a marine species conservation coordinator at WWF Indonesia. She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay (腐烂). But this is only the latest.Four Asian nations—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand—account for 50% of the plastic waste in the oceans, according to a report by environmental campaigner Ocean Conservancy and the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment. The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans, according to a study published in the journal Science in January. Of the 3.2 million mismanaged waste it produces every year, 1.29 million ends up in the ocean.A report released earlier this year stated that the amount of plastic in the ocean is likely to increase.1．What can we know about the sperm whale?A．Its stomach is the home of plastic waste.B．It died of swallowing lots of plastic waste.C．It was the first whale to eat plastic waste.D．It had eaten much plastic waste before its death.2．Which can best replace the underlined word “deduce” in Paragraph 3? A．Confirm. B.Cause.C．Approve. D.Contain.3．Which country in Asia dumps the most plastic waste into the oceans? A．Thailand. B.Indonesia.C．Vietnam. D.Philippines.4．What's the main idea of the passage?A．Philippines puts away 1.29 million tons of plastic.B．A sperm whale was found dead near Kapota Island.C．Much dumped plastic waste was found in a dead whale.D．We should take measures to reduce the waste in whales.[语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练：阅读理解(词意猜测题) Word版含答案
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练-阅读理解（词意猜测题）1、For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The eight-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should... should…”Chris trips on the “-ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support “... Vote for... me…”Except for some stumbles. Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion. Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaleyre-calls(回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘ I don't know，but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀）about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult fora child who came into the classroom not feeling confident. ”1. What made Chris nervous?A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.2. What does the underlined word “stumbles”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Silly jokes.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Improper pauses.3. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to .A. inspire students' love for politicsB. prepare students for their future jobsC. help students see their own strengthsD. assess students’ public speaking skills4. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.2、The face of the four US presidents on Mount Rushmore will likely last for centuries.But at a newly opened exhibit in Japan，you can catch them only for about eight months. This year, the annual sand sculpture event at the Sand Museum in Tottori (鸟取县），Japan，is focused on another country. This is the 10th anniversary of the event. Artists came from 19 countries to shape sand into different sculptures that represent events in US history and American landmarks.Tottori is a remote city in western Japan. In the past, not many tourists traveled to it. To attract more visitors，Tot tori officials decided to use a natural resource：sand They decided to create a sand museum that would house a series of sand sculptures based on different geographic areas of the world. The sand from each year’s exhibition is used again the next year. The project has been a success. About 500,000 people visit the museum during the eight months. Some return year after year to see the new sculptures.The city is now a popular spot for sand sculpture artists too. Sculptors from around the world come to Tottori each spring, spending a few weeks working on their masterpieces. They use special tools to smooth the sandy surfaces, cut angles and details. They use only sand and water to create the huge sculptures, some of which tower over their creators.Originally，the artists built their creations outside. But the works lasted less than two months outdoors. So the museum built a permanent structure to house the artworks, which extended their life to eight months. Now many more tourists get to see the sculptures. Still，the fact that this art is not permanent is part of the appeal. The temporary sculptures reflect the Japanese value of appreciating the fleeting(短暂的）nature of the world.Tottori is not the only Japanese town that shows temporary art like this. Sapporo，in northern Japan，hosts a similar exhibit in the winter, using snow instead of sand That will be just about the time that the US sand sculpture exhibition is taken apart, and the sand is saved for next year's show.1. Why is sand sculpture event held every year in Tottori?A. To show the wonderful artworks of the city.B. To show the diverse culture of the city.C. To represent the character of the city.D. To attract more visitors to the city.2. What does the underlined wor d “tower” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Be huger.B. Be higher.C. Be heavier.D. Be nicer.3. What do the exhibits in Tottori and Sapporo show?A. The changing seasons offer artists chances to create arts.B. Artists are always inspired by the nature of the world.C. Natural works of art are popular all over the world.D. The sand is more popular to artists than the snow.4. What is the best title of this passage?A. The Popularity of SandB. Celebrating World in SandC. A Special Sand ExhibitionD. Artists' Contribution to the World3、Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test trulyself-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted，isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars （and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen —the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施）and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states todevelop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless carscan .A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs2. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Management.D. Affordability.3. What does the underlined word ''fielded'' in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.4. What is the author s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful.B. Sympathetic.C. Disapproving.D. Positive.4、A Very Endangered Species Less Than 2,000 in the WildAccording to the census(普查)of 2014，there are only 1，864 giant pandas alive in the wild. It is one of the rarest and most endangered species in the world Thus the giant panda was selected and used as the symbol of the WWP" since its formation in 1861.The Size of a Giant PandaA wild giant panda measures 75 centimeters tall and 1. 5 meters long on average. A wild panda generally weighs about 60-73 kilograms, with the largest recorded 110 kilograms. Males are about 1/6 larger than females. Pandas in the zoos are bigger，and can weigh up to 150 kilograms.Giant Pandas’ Lifestyle —Low Stress and SolitudeGiant pandas spend most of their time eating，resting, or seeking food They are alone most of the time. Males and females only meet during the breeding season in spring. Giant pandas prefer shallow slopes and solitary living. They use scent markers to avoid one another.Where Do Giant Pandas Live?Giant pandas live in large bamboo forests on humid (温暖潮湿的）and relatively high mountain slopes —about 1，200 to 3,100 meters above sea level.Giant pandas were once widespread across central，southern, and eastern China，and China s neighboring countries of Myanmar and northern Vietnam. However, their habitat has shrunk to a few patches in western central China, due to China’s farming and logging practices.Currently，giant pandas mainly live in the Qin Mountains in Shaanxi Province，and the Min Mountains in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces.Their Food 99% Bamboo99% of giant pandas’food is the tender stems，shoots, and leaves of bamboo. Because bamboo is low in nutrition, one giant panda needs to eat about 12 to 38 kilograms of bamboo a day, up to 40% of its own weight. Giant pandas spend as long as 14 hours eating a day.1 % of their food consists of other plants，even meat. Wild giant pandas eat grass，wild fruits，insects, even small animals if they can catch them.1. What contributes to the WWF choosing the giant panda as its symbol?A. Its existing situation.B. Its lovely appearance.C. Its special lifestyle.D. Its shrunk habitat.2. What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Only one of something.B. Not often visitedC. Spending a lot of time alone.D. Doing something alone.3. Where can you find wild pandas now?A. In the central，southern, and eastern parts of China.B. In the country of Myanmar and northern Vietnam.C. In the bamboo forests of Qin and Min Mountains.D. In Shaanxi, Guangxi, Sichuan and Gansu Provinces.4. According to the passage，we can know that .A. the largest wild female panda can weigh 110 kilogramsB. the situation is mainly caused by human activitiesC. you can often see two or three wild pandas togetherD. pandas will never eat anything else except bamboo5、One day a little boy, annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer, decides that he will never grow up. It's very boring to work in a grocery and staying a child is his protest against it. This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table. It covers three crucial decades of 20th century. Little Oskar Matzerath will experience love, war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954.This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum，the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Gunter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works. As his best-known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age, Grass life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany. He was called “Germany’s conscience”，because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War that many would have rather forgotten.This sometimes made him unpopular. Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate, as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world’s peace. And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoir Peeling the Onion (2006) that he had been a teen-age member of the Waffen-SS，the Nazi (纳粹) Party's fighting force. The man who had blamed the actions of others had aless-than-perfect record himself.Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.1. In The Tin Drum ，the hero .A. decides he will never grow up to escape from the warB. doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expectsC. refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playingD. has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred2. What does the und erlined word “hypocrite” mean?A. Someone unwilling to believe there is good in people.B. Someone enjoying blaming others for their own mistakes.C. Someone pretending to be more virtuous than one really is.D. Someone having justice on his side and pursuing perfection.3. What can we infer from the passage?A. Oskar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's life.B. Critics applauded Grass's argument for separation of Germany.C. Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspective.D. No other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect record.4. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A. To give some background information about Grass's early life.B. To present the history of Germany through the page of Grass.C. To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.D. To introduce Gunter Grass and his most famous work to readers.6、As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in , we all want to curl up in a blanket and hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it’s cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from Brigham Young University(BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmen tal data from the university’s Physics and AstronomyWeather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult therapy patients who were being treated at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days. What’s more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.If you’re getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.“We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly correlated with clients’ scor es on the distress measure once we had accounted for suntime,” Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study’s lead author, told The Huffington Post. “People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological ph enomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.”1．What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1?A．Realized the benefits of sunshine B．Avoid hibernating in springtime C．Curl up in a blanket in cold weather D．Enjoy sunshine even in cold weather 2．The underlined word “soar”in Paragraph 5 most probably means “”?A．rise sharply B．vary unstably C．drop slightly D．change greatly 3．What does the passage say about the research does by BYU?A．It is done on normal adults of various agesB．It is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher aloneC．It concludes the sunshine means happinessD．It finds that temperature affects mental health4．What can be inferred from the passage?A．Lower vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energeticB．The research findings are inconsistent with the popular beliefC．The more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feelD．The link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.7、A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation(诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower—at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable(脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good self-monitoring and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.1.From the studies in the passage we learn that ______.A.people have unlimited self-controlB.high m otivation ensures one’s successC.willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD.too many temptations often lead to failure2.The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 mos t probably means ______.A.make use ofB.run out ofC.buildD.increase3.The author compares self-control to muscles ______.A.to prove the long-term effects of willpowerB.to show the significance of regular exerciseC.to argue that self-control can be easily used upD.to explain the benefits of practicing self-control4.To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A.“I will gi v e up dessert and do exercise.”B.“I will set three goals this new semester.”C.“I will keep myself from any temptation.”D.“I will read an English novel every month.”8、 A “Game of Thrones” themed hotel made just of snow and ice has been finished in Lap land, Finland. Located in the resort of Kittila, which is 200 kilometers above the Arctic Circle and around 90 minutes from Helsinki, the destination is made up of 24 rooms—10 of which are suites for guests staying overnight.Temperatures reach -5℃ inside, so high-quality thermal(保温的)sleeping bags are on hand to keep guests warm, as well as a hot berry juice in the morning. Although it’s recommended that guests stay at the hotel for a maximum of one night due to the icy conditions, there are warm log cabins available should they wish to extend their stay in the Snow Village. Guests can also visit a restaurant, cinema, chapel and bar, all made entirely of snow and ice. Guests also receive a guided tour inside the Snow Village, a buffet breakfast in the log restaurant, and a diploma to commemorate their stay.Travelers can book an overnight visit at the snow hotel or simply take a day trip to the Snow Village, which covers an area of about 20, 000 square meters. The village is open for visitors daily and has a cinema, a chapel, an arctic bar that serves drinks in glasses carved from ice, and a restaurant with frozen dining furniture and a menu featuring reindeer (驯鹿)steak While it’s been constructed yearly since 2000, this is the first time the Snow Village has included a “Game of Thrones” themed section.Kittila is also a great location to view the Northern Lights, and Snow Village offers snowmobile safaris snowmobile safaris (旅行)where guests can try to catch a glimpse of Greenland’s natural phen omena, as well as activities like reindeer-sledding and ice-sculpting classes.1.What can we learn about the themed hotel from the first paragraph?A.It is 200 kilometers from Helsinki.B.It is 110 kilometers from the Arctic Circle.C. It is in the resort of Kittila.D.It is made up of 34 rooms.2.What does the underlined word “commemorate” mean?A.provefortC.coverD.pay3.What is the area of the Snow Village?A.2000 square meters.B.18,000 square meters.C.20,000 square meters.D.22,000 square meters.4.In which column of a website can we find the text?A.Geography.B.Travel.C.Climate.D.Culture.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C解析：1. B细节题。
2020年高考英语二轮复习词义猜测类 专项练习(含答案解析).doc
第五讲词义猜测类专项练习【分类真题】(2019年全国卷II.A）My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl.【答案】.C【解析】词义猜测题。
2020版高考英语二轮复习专项技能保分练(六)词义猜测题
专项技能保分练（六）词义猜测题A[2019 •河南省五校联考]I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang. This could not be good. My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help, but the voice was hardly familiar."Lindy, this is Lesley. " I didn't know Lesley well. Wedid occasionally speak with each other, but to say we were friends was not appropriate. I asked what she needed. Perhaps something really awful caused her to reach someone she barely knew.Instead, she asked me, "Do you have room for a turkey? In your freezer ?” We_had_lots_of_roomin_our_freezer,and in fact,_too mu ch.“Sure, ” I responded, "did your freezer break down ? ”"Not exactly , " Lesley replied, "but I willexplain wh en I arrive. ”Minutes later came a huge freezer truck. Lesley stepped down and explained the lease （租约）of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night. Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food, they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of. Noticing our freezer was pretty empty, Lesley asked to fill it up. Our home was their last stop and anything left would have to be put in our freezer. An hour later, everything finished, I asked her, "Whenwill you come back for all thi s ? ” Lesley laughed, "Wedon't want it back. It is yours! Thanks for helping us out ! " Then they waved goodbye and drove away."For helping them out ? ” Weopened our freezer door. Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try. We were struggling to buy groceries, yet it was not something we shared with anyone. However, our needs were met in an unexpected way, by that call. "Do you have room for a turkey ?"体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：“求助”变“受助”【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一位只有点头之交的人的“求助”，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。
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第五讲词义猜测类专项练习【分类真题】(2019年全国卷II.A）My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl.【答案】.C【解析】词义猜测题。
本题题干意为：文章中的“I”指的是谁？根据第一段可知本文是作者JoUsmar的书评。
根据Matilda中的“Ionce wrotea paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me...”可知，此处I指的是JoUsmar,故选C项。
其他几项都是文章中提到的几本书的作者。
22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After Dark.D. The Stand.【答案】.C【解析】细节理解题。
本题题干意为：下面哪个选项讲述了Mari和Eri?在文章有关After Dark的书评中，作者介绍了Eri和Mari,因此C项正确。
A项Cosmopolitan是作者介绍JoUsmar时提及的她的一本书。
B项和D项是书评介绍中的两本书。
23. What kind of book is G one Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story. 【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。
本题题干意为：Gone Girl是一本什么样的书？根据文章Gone Girl部分的介绍，尤其是“but the horror story is brilliant"可知，这本书是关于恐怖故事的，故D项正确。
A:民间传说；B:传记；C:爱情故事。
(2019年全国卷I.B）For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is sp eech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacherwho lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning English as thei r new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.＂24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.【答案】.B【解析】细节理解题。
本题题干意为：什么使Chris紧张？根据第一段第一句（……今天是演讲日，现在轮到Chris Palaez了）和第二段第一句(但是他很紧张）可知，B项正确。
A:讲故事；C:参加考试；D:回答问题25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.【答案】.A【解析】词义猜测题。
本题题干意为：第二段中的画线单词stumbles 指代什么？根据第二段中的“you should...should..."Chris trips on the"-ld,"...可知，他有些发音上的问题。
又根据Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.可知，Chris总体上很好，但是有些不合适的停顿。