大学英语四级考试十二句作文法

作文指导

大学四级考试写作的评分依据是：文章切题，条理清楚，语言准确和字数符合要求。所谓切题就是看你写的作文跑不跑题。所谓条理是每一段的议论的正反清楚，描述的时间正确。语言准确要求作文的语法词汇使用正确，符合英语表达习惯。四级作文的字数要求不少于100字。针对四级考试的作文要求我们提出十二句作文法，这里所说的十二句作文法不仅包括一般英文写作的方法而且包括一套行之有效的写作方法。它的具体内容有以下几点。

一、审题

我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。审题的作用在于使你写作不跑题（如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分。）那末审题要审什麽呢？

1．体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）

审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。例如：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below :

1.做合格大学生的必要性

2.做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）

3.我计划这样做

很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，第一段要求写“...必要性”，这说明本段体裁是议论文；第二段要求写“...必备条件”，这说明本段要求写说明文；而第三段要求写“...这样做”，这说明本段要求写描述文。所以在多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。

2．根据不同体裁确定写作方法

我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体有不同的写作方式：议论文；要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样（这是从正面论述）；不能做合格的大学生，会怎么样（从反面论述）；所以我们要做合格的大学生（结论）。

说明文：可以从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就以上作文而言，可以从德智体方面来说明合格大学生的必要性。

描述文：以“我”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，它要与第二段相呼应进行描述。

二、确定主题句

通过审题，我们知道该如何确定正确的写作思路。下边我们就谈如何写。第一步就是要写主题句。主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才可得及格分。写主题句最保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。例如上述三段主题句分别为：

1.It is very necessary to be a good university student . （议论体的主题句）

2.There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.（说明体的主题句）

3.What I will do in the future is as follows. (描述体主题句)

如果要求句是英语就可以把它变成主题句，例如这样一篇作文：

Good Health

1.Importance of good health

2.Ways to keep fit

3.My own practice

这样的作文的要求句就可以扩充成主题句。扩充后三段的主题句分别为：

1.It is very important to have good health .（将名词importance变成形容词important）

2.There are four ways to keep fit for me .（用there be 句型）

3.My own practices are the following .（采用原词）

三、确保文章条理清楚

保证不跑题是写作当中第一任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说条理要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例Good health 来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚就应这样写：正面（With good health ,we can...），反面（Without good

health ,we can do nothing. We can’t do...）

为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用first(ly) second(ly) third(ly)等副词，他们可以是文章的条理性更加突出。作文是主观题，想得高分就必须引起老师的注意。老师的时间很短（每篇作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），所以我们最好不用: To be with... , after that , And then, The next , The following , As last ... 。因为用这样的词语不利于老师看出你作文条理性。

四、保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法

考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。

我们知道，四级作文都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句，即主题句加两三句发展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在十二句左右，每一句十多个词，就有120-150个字。大家可以试着按这一方法练一练。

范文

The Place of Science and Technology in Modern Life

Human life cannot continue without science and technology.（主题句）For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind.（发展句）So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our forefathers.（结论句）

The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in people's life.（主题句）For example, the invention of television and space rocket has opened a new era for mankind.（发展句1）Through the use of TV，people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. （发展句2）Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true. （发展句3）

Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction.（主题句）We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base.（发展句1）Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built.（发展句2）Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country. （结论句）

Computer

The computer is widely used in all fields of society. Today, wherever you go, you will find computers being used. For example, computers are used in universities, large corporations, and small offices, etc. It has even entered the homes of ordinary people. As it is able to store and process a large amount of information, the computer brings about great convenience and high efficiency to people of all walks of life.

Computers can help people in different ways. For example, computer helps scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation. For another example, computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane, or a spaceship. Besides, computers may also play a great role in helping children with their lesson. Whatever you are doing, you many find computer a useful aid.

However, the computer must be designed and instructed by man.What is more, it is true that computers can make decisions, but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to