动名词的用法

关于动名词作主语的几点说明
注意： 1.动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 2.动名词（短语）做主语还常用于下列结构： • a. It’s no use sending him over. It’s too late already. • It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. • (it is no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处) • It’s a waste of time arguing about it. (it is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间） • 在该句型中，it作形式主语，真正的主语doing sth. 放于句尾。 • b. There’s no joking about such matters. • There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next. • There’s no telling what he’s going to do.
关于动名词作宾语的几点说明
• 1. ★ 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类： • 一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有： avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, can’t help imagine, keep (on), don’t mind, miss, practise, put off, stop, go on, resist, suggest 等，如： • Mary is considering changing her job. • I enjoy working with you. • Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?
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c. 在begin 等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时） （了解）： She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong. d. 当主语是物，不是人时： The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. B. 在need, want, deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的 被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled. C. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写) I couldn’t help finishing it. (不能不结束某事) I couldn’t help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事) They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼) They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、 抱歉) I regret not taking your advice. (后悔)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3.动词不定式（结构为to do）也可以做主语，动名 词作主语和动词不定式作主语的区别是：动名词 作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与 特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通 常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执 行者联系在一起 • It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) • He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) （此项说明只作为了解）
• 3．动名词（短语）用作宾语的情况很多， 如： • Hearing the words, she couldn’t help thinking of her past bitterness.( can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事） • We all avoided mentioning that matter. (avoid doing sth. 避免做某事） • I enjoy listening to music. (enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事） • Have you finished reading the book ? (finish doing sth. 完成做某事） • Would you mind opening the window ?
• ★ 动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作 介词的宾语。常见的有： • insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent … from / keep … from / stop … from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank … for / excuse … for / devote … to / set about / spend … in / get (be) used to … / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等，如： • Why do you persist in thinking that way / doing so? • He insisted on seeing us home.
4.在实际运用中，动名词和动词不定式作主 语时一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列 几种情况中不能互换： （1）当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词； 当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式， 如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
• b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it， 而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般 宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： • It’s no use doing … • It’s no good doing… • It’s a waste of time doing … • 例如： • It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. • It’s a waste of time arguing about it. • It’s no good waiting here. Let’s walk home. • 而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … / It’s fitting … 这类it is + adj. + to do sth.句型中，只能用不定式，如： • It’s important to learn foreign languages. • It’s quite necessary to read it many times.
• They all objected to putting the meeting off. • Are you interested in going to the show? • I’m thinking of going to town this afternoon. • I don’t feel like eating anything. • She is afraid of falling behind the others. • He finally got tired of doing office work. • 4．动名词（短语）可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介 词构成短语，在句中作状语，如： • They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news. • He warned me against swimming there. • She left without saying good-bye to us. • Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children. • He felt uncomfortable about accepting the gift. • They were surprised at your doing that.
动名词的用法
高一英语必修四语法讲解
动名词的定义
• 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限 定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修 饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 • 解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词 称动名词。
动名词的四种形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
Having done
二.动名词（短语）作表语，如： • Their job is building houses. • His job is raising pigs. • 注①：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别（了 解）： • 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、 习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作， 特别是将来的动作，试比较： • • My favorite sport is swimming. • The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation. • What I will do next is to help you with your problems.
Having been done
动名词的作用
一.动名词（短语）做主语 Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing. Learning new words is very useful to me . Writing headlines in English is not an easy job . Checking the information is very important.
另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有： begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, can’t afford等。 • 上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要注意下 列几个情况： • A. 在begin, start, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如： • She can’t bear being laughed at / to be laughed at. • 但是在下列情况下，通常用不定式： • a. 在would like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一个特定的新动作时： • I’d like to buy a suit. • I’d hate to disappoint them. • b. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时： • The water is beginning / starting to boil. • I’m starting to work on my essay next week.