外文翻译——基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计
基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：专业：姓名：学号：外文出处：Multimedia Technology (ICMT), (用外文写)2011 International Conference on 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于单片机的无线防盗报警系统设计摘要：为了对盗窃，抢劫等事故进行有效的监测和预警，统一使用了AT89C51单片机控制技术和红外探测技术，这是一种已经被设计出来的无线防盗报警技术，它包括硬件和软件两部分，硬件部分主要由红外传感器，发送和接收模块，单片机，声光报警等组成；软件部分包括主程序和音乐子程序。
用C语言或汇编语言编写源程序，再用keilC51平台进行调试的翻译后，下载到单片机AT89C51芯片，这种单片机和其他元器件根据设计电路焊接在PCB板上。
通电，闭合循环控制开关，当有人闯入红外发射区域时，触发声光报警，表明满足了设计要求。
关键词：红外传感器；发射；接收；单片机；报警1 前言随着时代的不断进步,人们对环境安全提出了一个更高的要求,特别是在生活安全方面,要时常地去注意那些不速之客。
现在许多小区已经安装了智能报警系统,从而提高了小区内的安全程度。
因为红外线是一种不可见光,具有很强的保密和安全性,而且采用无线发射和接收,不需要独立的线路,因此在安全装置的使用方面有很大的优势。
2 硬件系统的设计无线防盗系统图是以单片机为基础，如图1所示。
该系统包括红外传感器、发射模块、接收模块、单片机、声光警告等。
红外传感器的主要装置是由热释电红外传感器RE200B、热释电红外开关BISS0001和一些外部基本设备连接而成。
精品中英文外文翻译基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计定
Based on monolithic integrated circuit automobile security alarmsystem designAbstract:Decodes the automobile security system using them on litchis integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, both enhanced the system security, and greatly reduced the cost.Keyword: Monolithic integrated circuit, Automobile security system , Code/decodeIntroductionIs unceasingly progressive along with the social economy and the high tech rapid development, in the routine work and the life, the automobile has become the people ideal transportation vehicle. But the following motor vehicle the case which robbed gradually is also in creased has created the pilot economical property loss. In order tore duce the automobile to rob the event the formation rate, for has the automobile the user to provide the safety control, simply develops one kind to be reliable, the ease of operation, can send out in the discovery normal condition to the pilot reports to the police the reminder and the security warning safety system has the practical significance. This article based on to the existing automobile security alarm system generalized analysis, develops one kind of brand-new security alarm system. This system has mainly used the jump code code/decoding principle, causes the overall system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate.1. System principle of workThe automobile security alarm system the remote control which carries by the driver and installs in the automobile the controller two parts composes. The remote control and the controller all use eight CMOS which American AT-MEL Corporation produces the A VR monolithic integrated circuit, this series monolithic integrated circuit based on new simplifies instruction R the ISC structure, includes the service life most to be few is 1,000 time writes/scratches the circulation the Flash program memory, as well as the service life at least is 100,000time writes/scratches the circulation E the EPROM data-carrier storage, some 2 only have when the entire piececleaning can clean the programming encryption locks the localization.1.1 System designThe automobile security examination uses the ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is composed by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and the supersonic reception electric circuit, in the automobile cab appropriate position, installs the ultrasonic wave launch/receiver, as well as switch electric circuit T1. When the automobile parks the vehicle owner person must leave the automobile, with remote control closed switch T1, the automobile alarm system sat garrisons the condition, around the system use ultrasonic wave examination vehicle obstacle. Launches the partial electric circuits likes chart 1 to show. When its P1 mouth P1.1, P1.2 to the D trig , the P1.0 control ultrasonic wave launch, are 0, the photo electricity coupler outputs the TP1 end is 1, the permission ultrasonic wave launch, launches/the receive ultrasonic wave in turn, the circulation repeatedly carries on. Simultaneously the monolithic integrated circuit interior counter starts to count. The steam distance between vehicles obstacle distance is the time which sends out through the sound navigation and ranging reflects spends determines and carries on the computation. The reflection signal causes the D trigger to produce interrupt request signal INT1,simultaneously stops counting, reads takes counts the value, calculates the actual distance after the formula, then carries on the comparison with the datum distance, if examines when the actual distance is bigger than reference value 80cm, does not carry on the accustom-optics to report to the police; If some people approach the automobile to enter the cab, the examination actual distance is smaller than or was equal to when reference value 80cm, through monolithic integrated circuit P2.2 and the P2.3 port, actuates the indicating lamp display circuit and the sound alarm circuit, sends out three two flash. And triggers a high level, the actuation is wire less signal transmission circuit.Chart 1 Ultrasonic wave transmission circuit1.2 Code/decoding principleThe present automobile remote control security system are many isusesVD5026/27, PT2262/72, HT12E/D and so on the general code/decodes the electric circuit, its password decided by the component address, each set of security systems use a fixed invariable password. Along with the micro processing technology development, through the receiver emote control transmitting message, may intercept this fixed password, moreover general arranges the decoding address to lose the person to carry the component size limit, its quantity is impossible too much, can obtain not repeatedly codes very is also limited, also can very quickly explain the password with the automatic scanner. Therefore, this kind of password fixed invariable automobile security system has received the serious threat. Decodes the automobile security system using the monolithic integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, with the password no longer duplicates uses, causes the interception password also is makes a futile effort, in addition, it may increase the enough many passwords figure, enhances the system resistance illegal scanning the ability. The remote control coding altogether has 12 bytes, separately by 3 bytes codes channels code, 3 bytes codes forewords number, 5 bytes jumps codes, 1 byte pressed key operation code is composed. Encoded front adds on logic in each byte 0 to take the outset position, encoded behind adds on a logical 1 achievement in each byte to stop the position, and in most front adds on several logic 1 to take the guidance signal, this constituted the serial coded signal which uses in to transmit. The code channel code uses in to express the remote control status; each set of systems use a fixed channel code. The code foreword number uses in to record the encoded order, its starting value is 0, the monolithic integrated circuit every time codes a time, the code foreword number upwardly counts time. The code channel code and the code foreword number deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guarantees them power cut the influence. The jump code is the systematic true password, it passes through the complex special algorithm by the code channel code and the code foreword number to extract, this special algorithm foreign security. The pressed key operation code by the pressed key which presses was decided, when "the hypothesis" the key is pressed down, its code decides as 0 1H; When "relieves" the key presses down, its code decides as 00H. Whether is the decoding confirms receive the code legitimate a series of operating process. Was confirmed the legitimate code needs to satisfy three conditions; (1) codes the channel code and the decoding channel code is same; (2) coded the foreword number to be bigger than the decoding foreword number (decodingforeword number to record on legitimately has used code foreword number, this condition might guarantee before has used code was invalid); (3) jumps the code to be equal to reuses the special algorithm to extract changes the code. After the monolithic integrated circuit confirmed receives is the legitimate code, writes the code foreword number in the decoding foreword number, and completes corresponding operation processing according to the operation code. The decoding channel code and the decoding foreword number also deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guards against because of power cut loses.1.3 Security reports to the police realizationIf will have robber Chen ZheRu the room, starts the automobile, after wrong password, then the automobile storage battery +12V voltage, the ignition electric current way ignition lock, the ignition outage, the engine extinguishes, again starts, will duplicate the above process, like this, the bandits and thieves always will not be able to start the automobile, will not be able to achieve its anticipated goal. The alarm circuit mainly is composed by the integrated block and the speaker and electronic switching SCR. Triode or the multiple-unit tube, are for enhance the electric circuit measure which the power but often uses, it has composed a current amplification factor very big equivalent transistor, total enlargement factor for these two enlargement factor product. SCR is the electronic switching which constitutes by the silicon-controlled rectifier, the electric capacity and the resistance constitution negative booster concurrently filter, provides +3 +4V to IC the voltage, IC is traces Draws up sound reports to the police the integrated circuit, the alarm apparatus by the SCR control, robs the vehicle thief once after the wrong password, then the storage battery electric current enters the security system besides a group, another group is started in the engine, after leads the engine work, natural contact output voltage, after the differentiating circuit, silicon-controlled rectifier SCR is triggered, also passes through the resistance to fall the pressure, the voltage adds in the IC power source input end, IC obtains the voltage output alarm, enlarges after the multiple-unit tube, Destroys moves the speaker to send out resoundingly reports to the police the sound. when static state, entire electric circuit does not consume the electricity.2. Software designThe alarm apparatus software design mainly divides into:Master routine (alarm apparatus initialization, key modulation and decoding); Alarm apparatus interrupthandling routine. This alarm apparatus installs on the automobile steering wheel. After installs, starts the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus automatically retards20~30s to start to work, in order to lets use the person to have the enough time to lock the gate to leave the automobile. After the time delay the alarm apparatus enters the value to defend the active status, once the vehicle door is turned on or the windowpane hits garrulously, the oscillation pick-up examines the signal, time delay 20s starts to report to the police. The time delay goal is the master which causes the automobile is opening the gate to enter the vehicle internal energy closure alarm apparatus, in order to avoid reports to the police by mistake.2.1 Master routineThis part mainly completes to each severance entrance hypothesis, and reports to the police the depositing unit initialization to each fixed unit, establishes the special symbol value and to the pressed key interrupts processing. Master routine design diagram like chart 2 shows.Chart2 master routine frame chart2.2 Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routineThe burglar alarm disposal procedure uses time severance inquiry processing, each time severance, only is inquires each kind of control flag bit, controls each group output according to its condition. The procedure has not used has circulation processing the way, therefore time control conclusion, cannot eliminate controls the flag bit, only is repositions the scene, the waiting next time severance, again judges whether controls the conclusion.3. Concluding remarkUses automobile security alarm system cost which this kind of monolithic integrated circuit composes low, performance reliable, simultaneously settles the extension to be convenient. The use jump code code/decoding principle, causes the system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate, will obtain the wide spread application in the future automobile security alarm system.基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计摘要:应用单片机内部资源实现的跳变编码/解码汽车防盗系统，它每次使用的遥控密码都在变化，既提高了系统的安全性，又大大降低了成本。
基于STc单片机的红外报警设计毕业设计(外文翻译)
摘要随着社会的进步和科学的发展，人们的工作、生活和通讯、信息的关系日益紧密。
信息化社会在改变人们生活方式与工作习惯的同时，也对传统的住宅提出了挑战，社会、技术以及经济的进步更使人们的观念随之巨变。
人们对家居的要求早已不只是物理空间，更为关注的是一个安全、方便、舒适的居家环境。
为了创造一个安全的居家环境，报警器便是必不可少的工具。
现在市场上主要有压力触发式防盗报警器、开关电子防盗报警器和压力遮光触发式防盗报警器等各种报警器，但这几种比较常见的报警器都存在一些缺点。
所以本设计采用了热释电红外传感器，它的制作简单、成本低，安装比较方便，而且防盗性能比较稳定，抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、安全可靠。
本系统包括硬件和软件设计两个部分。
硬件部分包括单片机控制电路、红外探头电路、驱动执行报警电路等部分组成。
处理器采用51系列单片机STC89C51。
整个系统是在系统软件控制下工作的。
关键词：红外报警器；STC89C51；单片机；红外传感器AbstractWith the social progress and the development of science, the way people work, live and communications, and information about the relationship between the increasingly close. The information society is changing the way people live and work habits while also traditional residential challenges, social, technological and economic progress to the mindset of the people followed changes. The home has long been not only the physical space, more attention is a safe, convenient and comfortable living environment.In order to create a safe home environment, the alarm is an essential tool. Market pressure triggered the anti-theft alarm, the switching electronic anti-theft alarm and pressure blackout triggered burglar alarm alarm, but several of the more common alarm, there are some drawbacks. This design uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, it create a simple, low-cost, more convenient to install, and anti-theft performance is relatively stable, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.The system includes both hardware and software design. The hardware part includes the MCU control circuit, infrared probe circuit to drive the implementation of the alarm circuit parts. The processor uses 51 series microcontroller STC89C51. The whole system is working under the control of the system software.Keywords:infrared alarm; STC89C51; microcontroller; infrared sensor目录1 绪论 (1)1.1防火防盗报警器概况 (1)1.1.1 红外报警器技术的发展 (1)1.1.2 红外报警器技术的现状 (3)2基于单片机的报警器的设计方案 (4)2.1方案准备 (4)2.2设计方案 (4)2.2.1 总体框图 (5)2.2.2 总电路设计.................................................................................... . (6)3系统硬件设计 (7)3.1主要器件介绍 (8)3.1.1 单片机的发展史 (8)3.1.2 常见单片机简介 (8)3.1.3 STC89C51的基本结构 (8)3.1.4 STC89C51单片机的的封装和引脚 (12)3.2传感器电路设计 (13)3.2.1 红外传感器简介 (15)3.2.2 声光报警元件 (16)4 系统软件设计 (17)4.1编程KEIL环境介绍 (17)4.2程序流程 (19)4.3主程序 (19)5 调试与仿真 (22)5.1硬件调试 (22)5.2软件调试 (21)5.3系统调试 (21)5.4调试的步骤 (22)5.5PROTEL软件介绍 (24)结论 (256)致谢 (27)参考文献 (28)附录A英文原文 (29)附录B汉语翻译 (38)附录C 程序 (45)附录D实物图 (46)附录E电路原理图 (47)1 绪论随着时代的不断进步，电子电器的飞速发展.人民的生活水平有了很大提高人们对自己所处环境的安全性提出了更高的要求，尤其是在家居安全方面。
基于单片机的防火防盗报警系统
基于单片机的防火防盗报警系统Fire alarm system based on single-chipmicrocomputer摘要近年来，随着各高校规模的扩大，在校生的数目飞速增长，学生宿舍的不安定因素也越来越多。
由于同学们安全意识不强，盗窃、火灾等危害学生财产和生命安全事件的发生概率也在增长，给各高校的平安校园建设带来一定困难。
为此，在计算机技术、电子信息技术和无线通信技术的基础上，文中提出了宿舍智能防火防盗报警系统的设计。
该系统可以对学生宿舍内部中的盗窃、火灾和违章用电等不安全因素进行监控，如有警情可迅速告知宿舍管理人员前去处理，实现了对学生宿舍的安全监控，缩短了对宿舍中突发事件的反应时间，给高校学生的平安求学带来了保障。
文中提出了一种宿舍智能防火防盗报警系统的设计。
系统中，监测电子系统以ATmega16为控制核心，辅以各种传感器，对学生宿舍的安全信息进行采集，如有警情通过无线通信模块传送至监控中心，自动提示值班人员前去处理，实现了对学生宿舍的安全管理。
关键词：mega16；烟雾传感器；热释电人体红外传感器；报警系统；无线通信模块ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the expansion of the university scale, the number of students increased rapidly, unstable factors are more and more students dormitory. As a result of the students' safety awareness is not strong, the probability of occurrence of theft, fire and other hazards students property and life safety event is on the increase, bring certain difficulty to building a peaceful campus in Colleges and universities. Therefore, based on computer technology, electronic information technology and wireless communication technology, this paper puts forward the design of intelligent fire alarm system in the dormitory. The system can monitor electric insecurity factors of student dormitory in the theft, fire and illegal, such as alarm can quickly inform dormitory management personnel to deal with, the safety monitoring of the student dormitory, to shorten the reaction time of unexpected events in the dormitory, to the university student's study brings peace security.This paper presents a design of intelligent fire alarm system in the dormitory. In the system, monitoring electronic system with mega16 as the control core, supplemented by a variety of sensors, acquisition of safety information on the student dormitories, such as alarm through the wireless communication module are transmitted to the monitoring center, automatically prompts the staff on duty to deal with, the realization of student dormitory safety management.Keywords: mega16; SIM300 communication; smoke sensor; human pyroelectric infrared sensor绪论课题研究的相关背景随着人类的进步和社会科学与技术的迅猛发展，人类开始迈入数字化和网络化为平台的智能化社会，人们对工作、生活等环境的要求也越来越高，开始出现了比如智能化仪表、智能化家电、智能化汽车、智能化小区等具有不同职能成都的产品、设备工具甚至工作环境和生活环境，并且呈现出高速发展的趋势。
基于单片机控制红外线防盗报警器热释电报警器毕业论文(附仿真程序)带方案选择的毕业设计
毕业设计（论文）（2010届）基于单片机控制红外线防盗报警器（课题）学院：长沙航空职业技术学院专业系别：电子电气工程系专业：电气自动化学生姓名：班级：电气1002指导老师姓名：最终评定成绩：2012年11月摘要 (2)第一章绪论 (6)课题背景 (6)研究意义 (6)第二章方案设计及论证 (7)总体方案设计与论证 (7)模块电路方案设计与论证 (8)摘要随着时代的不断进步 ,人们对环境的安全性提出更高的要求 ,很多小区都安装了智能报警系统 ,大大提高了小区的安全程度 ,有效保证居民的人身财产安全.目前国内使用的各类防盗、保安报警器基本都是以超声波、主动式红外发射/接收以及微波等技术为基础.而这里所设计的被动式红外报警器则采用了美国的传感元件——热释电红外传感器.这种热释电红外传感器能以非接触形式检测出人体辐射的红外线 ,并将其转变为电压信号,同时 ,它还能鉴别出运动的生物与其它非生物.热释电红外传感器既可用于防盗报警装置,也可以用于自动控制、接近开关、遥测等领域.本系统采用了热释电红外传感器，它的制作简单、成本低、安装比较方便，而且防盗性能比较稳定，抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、安全可靠。
这种防盗器安装隐蔽，不易被盗贼发现，同时它的信号经过单片机系统处理后方便和PC机通信，便于多用户统一管理。
本设计包括硬件和软件设计两个部分。
硬件部分包括单片机控制电路、红外探头电路、驱动执行报警电路、LED控制电路等部分组成。
处理器采用51系列单片机AT89C51，整个系统是在系统软件控制下工作的。
Pick toAlong with the advance of epoch, people to the environment safety put forward higher request, many community has installed intelligent alarm system, greatly improving the community safety degree, effectively guarantee the residents' personal property safety. The present domestic use of all kinds of security, security alarm basic are based on ultrasonic wave, active infrared transmitting/receiving andmicrowave technology as the foundation, etc. And here designof passive infrared alarm, the use of the American sensing element - pyroelectric infrared sensor. The pyroelectric infrared sensor to non-contact form detect the human body infrared radiation, and turned them into voltage signal, atthe same time, it can identify the movement of the biologicaland other abiotic. Pyroelectric infrared sensor can be usedfor alarm device, can also use ?This system USES a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its production is simple, the cost is low, the installation is more convenient, and anti-theft performance is stable, stronganti-jamming ability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.This alarm installation concealed, is not easy to be thief found, at the same time it signal by SCM system after processing convenience and PC communication, facilitatemulti-user unified management. This design including the design of hardware and software is two parts. Hardware part includes single chip microcomputer control circuit, infrared sensor circuit and drive the implementation of the alarm circuit, LED control circuit components. The processor used51 series microcontroller AT89C51, the whole system is under control in the system software of the work.目录摘要 (2)第一章绪论 (5)1、课程背景 (5)2、研究意义 (5)第二章方案设计及论证 (6)1、总体方案设计与论证 (6)2、模块电路方案设计与论证 (7)、模块电路一 (8)、模块电路二 (10)第三章硬件电路设计 (12)1、模块电路一 (12)2、模块电路二 (13)第四章软件设计181、软件总体设计思路 (18)2、主程序设计 (20)3、子程序一设计234、子程序二设计 (23)第五章系统制作调试 (25)1、系统制作流程 (25)2、系统调试 (26)3、系统测试26结论30致谢31附录32参考文献32总电路原理图33第一章绪论课题背景随着时代的不断进步, 人们对自己所处环境的安全性提出了更高的要求,尤其是在家居安全方面,不得不时刻留意那些不速之客。
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机外文文献原稿和译文原稿Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach tofire detection and monitoring systemA.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MScIndexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoringAbstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been proposed for complex plants. The system uses multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. The control algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of theoverall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thusa more complex decision is solved in a simple distributed method. 1 IntroductionRegulatory requirements for most high risk plants and buildings mandate the installation of fire detection and warning systems for all sensitive areas of the plant orthe building. Most fire codes state the requirement for monitoring and control pecifically related to a type of a plant or building such as chemical plants, petroleum, snuclear plants, residential high-rises etc. A general conclusion of these codes can be specified as the following requirements :(a) The source of all detector signals should be exactlyidentifiable by the central station(b) An extra path of communication between the central station andall local controllers(c) Direct means of control of alarm and central equipment by the central station(d) Means of communication between the central station and the fire department(e) Availability of emergency power supply. The codes usually also specify the types and frequency of tests for all equipment.A fire detection and alarm system is a combination of devices designed to signal an alarm in case of a fire. The system may also accomplish fan control, fire door hold or release, elevator recall, emergency lighting control and other emergency functions. Theseadditional functions supplement the basic system which consists of detection and alarm devices and central control unit.Technology has an influence on system architecture. When technology changes, the architecture has to be revised to take advantage of these changes. In recent years, VLSI technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. First NMOS and, in the last year or two, CMOS chips have been produced with the same packing density with more gates per chip yet at a lower power consumption than NMOS. Surely this change in technology must affect our design of hardware at both the chip and the system level. At the chip level, single chips are now being produced which are equivalent to board levels of only the previous year or two. These chips have microprocessor, memory in RAM and ROM, IO Ports both serial and parallel, A/D timer, flags and other functions on chip. At the system level, the new chips make new architectures possible. The objective of this paper is to show how technology can influence system architecture in the field of fire control. The new high density single chip microcontrollers are incorporated in the design of a large scale system and yet weobtain a smaller system with a better performance. In terms of fire detection and alarm monitoring, this is reflected directly in the local station hardware, because of their remoteness and power supply requirements. A complete local station can be designed around a single CMOS chip with power consumption of a few m W depending on system operation. This approach reduces the cost and complexity of design,implementation and maintenance and provides easily expandable and portable design. This implementation was not possible with old technology. Most of fire detection/monitoring systems available are tailored towards a specific application and lack the use of recent advances in CMOS VLSI technology. In this study, we develop a fire detection/monitoring system which is general in concept, readily implementable in a multitude of applications for early detection of a fire before it becomes critical, for equipment and evacuation of personnel. Here, we propose a central control and distributedcontrol/detection/monitoring with adequate communication, where use is made of single-chip microcontrollers in the local stations, thus improving controllability and observability of the monitoring process.2 Detection and alarm devicesA basic fire detection system consists of two parts, detection and annunciation. An automatic detection device, such as a heat, smoke or flame detector, ultraviolet or infrared detectors or flame flicker, is based on detectingthe byproduct of a combustion. Smoke detectors, of both ionization and optical types, are the most commonly useddetector devices. When a typical detector of this type enters the alarm state its current consumption increasesfrom the pA to the mA range (say, from a mere 15pA in the dormant mode to 60 mA) in the active mode. Inmany detectors the detector outputvoltage is well defined under various operating conditions, such as thosegiven in Table 1. Themore sensitive the detector, themore susceptible it is to falsealarms. In order to control the detector precisely, either of the following methods is used: a coincidence technique can be built into the detector, or a filtering technique such that a logic circuit becomes active only if x alarms are detected within a time period T. The detection technique depends greatly on the location and plant being protected; smoke detectors are used for sleeping areas, infrared or ultraviolet radiation are used when flammable liquids are being handled, heat detectors are used for fire suppression or extinguishing systems. In general, life and property protection have different approaches.Alarm devices, apart from the usual audible or visible alarms, may incorporate solid state sound reproduction and emergency voice communication or printers that record time, date, location and other information required by the standard code of practice for fireprotection for complex plants. Heaviside [4] has an excellent review of all types of detectors and extinguisher systems.2.1 Control philosophy and division of labourOur control philosophy is implemented hierarchically. Three levelsof system hierarchy are implemented, with two levels of decision making. There is no communication between equipment on the same level. Interaction between levels occurs by upwards transfer of information regarding the status of the subsystems and downwards transfer of commands. This is shown in Fig. 1 where at level 1 is the centralstation microcomputer and is the ultimate decision maker (when not in manual mode). At level 2 are the local controllers, which reside in the local stations. At level 3 are the actual detectors and actuators. A manual mode of operation is provided at all levels.Information regarding the status of all detectors is transmitted on a per area basis to the local controllers. Their information is condensed and transmitted upward to the central microcomputer. Transfer of status is always unidirectional and upwards. Transfer of commands is always unidirectional and downwards, with expansion at the local control level. This approach preserves the strict rules of the hierarchy for exact monitoring detection and alarm systems associated with high risk plants.The classification of the two layers of controls is based uponlayers of decision making, with respect to the facts that(a) When the decision time comes, the making and implementation of a decision cannot be postponed(b) The decisions have uncertainty(c) It will isolate local decisions (e.g. locally we might have an alarm although there may be a fault with the system)3 General hardwareI :Fig. 2 depicts our design in the simplest of forms. The system uses an open party line approach with four conductor cables going in a loop shared by all the remote devices and the control panel. This approach is simple in concept and is economically feasible. However, one major disadvantage is the dependency on a single cable for power andsignaling. In cases where reliability is of extreme importance, two or even three cables taking differentroutes throughout the system may be connected in parallel. Fig. 3 gives the driver circuitry required to derive an expandable bus. This design takes advantage of recent advances in the single chip microcomputer technology to reduce the interface between the central station and the local stations.3. 1 Central control taskA central unit provides a centralized point to monitor and control the systemactivities. In the system to be described the central control unit serves a fivefold purpose.(i) It receives information from the local stations and operates the alarms and other output devices.(ii) It notifies the operator in case of system malfunction.(iii) It provides an overall system control manual and automatic.(iu) It provides a system test point of local stations and itself.(u) It provides a central point for observation, learning and adaptation.3.2 Local stationsThe local stations can take local decisions regarding recognition of a risk situation, and act independently on local affairs. In this technique we depend on ‘load-type coordination’, e.g. the lower level units recognize the existence of otherdecision units on the same level; the central or the top level provides the lower units with a model of the relationship between its action and the response of the system.It is evident that a powerful machine is required at this stage so that all the required functions can be implemented. The availability of the new generation of microchips makes this architecture a feasible solution.A single chip microcomputer was chosen over discrete digital and analogue devices to interface to the field devices and to the central microcomputer. This is the main reason that previously this approach was not feasible.In selecting the microcomputer for the local stations, the criterion was the requirement for a chip which contains the most integration ofthe analogue and digital ports required for the interface and the utilization of CMOS technology owing to remoteness of the local stations. The choice was the Motorola 68HC11A4, for the following reasons:(a) It is CMOS technology; this reduces power consumption.(b) It has a UART on board; this facilitates serial communication.(e) It has an a/d converter on board; this eliminates an externalA/D.(d) It has 4K of ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 512 bytes of EERROM with 401/0 lines and a 16 bit timer; this satisfied all our memory and 1/0 requirements at the local station side.4 System implementationThe local station: Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit usedto utilize the MC68HCllA4 as a remote fire detecting circuit while Fig.4 illustrates the same circuit in an expanded form. It can be seen that the single microcontroller can be used to monitor more than one detector, thus reducing system cost.The loop power supply, which is usually between 28 and 26 V, isfurther regulated by a 5 V 100 mA monolithic low power voltage regulator to supply power to the microcontroller. The onboard oscillator, coupled with an external crystal of 2.4576 MHz, supplies the microcontrollerwith its timing signal which is divided internally by four to yield aprocessor frequency of 614.4 kHz, which is an even multiple of the RS 232 [7] baud rate generator. In this Section the term ‘supervised input or output’ will be used to mean that the function in question is monitored foropen- and short-circuit conditions in addition to its other normal functions. More information can be found in Reference 9.5 Main loop6 ConclusionThis paper describes the development of a large scale fire detection and alarm system using multi-single chip microcomputers. The architecture used is a two-level hierarchy of decision making. This architecture is made possible by the new CMOS microcontrollers which represent a high packing density at a low power consumption yet are powerful in data processing and thus in decision making. Each local station could make an autonomous decision if the higher level of hierarchy allows it to do so. It has been tried to keep the system design in general format so it can be adapted to varying situations. A prototype of the described system has been built and tested [10]. The control part of the central station is implemented with a development card based on MC 68000 microprocessor (MEX 68KECB, by Motorola), which has a built-inmonitor called Tutor. The application programs were developed using the features provided by this monitor. The local stations’ controllers were designed using the MC68705R3, single-chip microcontroller.7 References1 ‘Fire protection guidelines for nuclear power plants’, US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.1202 BAGCHI, C.N.: ‘A multi-level distributed microprocessor systemfor a nuclear power plant fire protection system controls, monitoring, and communication’, IEEE Trans., 19823 PUCILL, P.M.: ‘Fire hazard protection, detection and moni toring systems’, Sea. Con, 2, Proceedings of Symposium on ADV in offshore and terminal measurement and control systems, Brighton, England, March 1979, pp. 353-3634 HEAVISID, L.: ‘Offshore fire and explosion detection and fixed fire’. Offshore Technologic al Conference, 12th Annual Proceedings, Houston, Texas, May 1980, pp. 509-5225 CELLENTANI, E.N., and HUMPHREY, W.Y.: ‘Coordinateddetection/communication approach to fire protection’, Specify: Eng.,6 ‘Motorola Microprocessors Data Manual’ (Motorola Se miconductor Products, Austin, Texas, USA)7 Electronic Industries Association : ‘Interface between data terminal equipmentand data communication equipment employing serial binary data interchange’ (EIA Standard RS-232, Washington, DC, 1969)8 MESAROVIC, M.D., MACKO, D., TAKAHARA, Y.: ‘Theory of hierarchical multilevel systems’ (Academic Press, 1970)9 KASSEM, M.: ‘Fire alarm systems’, MSc. thesis, Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 198510 LIE, P., and KOTAMARTI, U.: ‘The design of a fire alarm system using microprocessors’, C481 Project, Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Concordia University,Montreal, Canada, 1986译文基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统A.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MSc关键词:危险，设计，设备状态监测摘要:火灾探测及报警监控已成为一个复杂而完整的体系。
(完整word版)外文翻译——基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计
外文原文Based on infrared alarm technology security systems1 the introduction1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad .With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, people's living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection means in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residential anti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. It's the job of the performance is good, do not appear to report and misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable.In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has triggered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyroelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with the customers. And alarms installation concealment, not easily by rogue found.1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiationThe nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ℃), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object radiate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temperature T. This product is a constant, namely:The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also.1.2.2.pyroelectric effectPassive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its main working principle is pyroelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of thesurface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, material surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will be produced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output.1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structurePyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor detection yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuan type structure. According to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength for0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensor will two opposite polarity, special1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principlePyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certain wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensity is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes.2 hardware system design2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware designBecause this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is enough.Therefore, infrared intelligent anti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for:(1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection.(2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual alarm). We design the system must have the following function module:1.passive infrared detector,2.sound-light alarm,3.telephone automatic dial-up function;4.continued uninterrupted power supply,According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the system unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong2.2 telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit designIn order to simplify the whole system design process, we do not adopt MT880 chip dialing. Realization process is as follows:First in telephone storage inside put on domestic host cell phone numberor alarm call 110. From MCU pins p2.0 and p2.1 drawn two wiring connect relays, a pick telephone keyboard MianDiJian, another connect telephone keyboard keys, automatic weighing dial because the phone keypad scanning is similar microcontroller keypad scanning, so can make SCM give fitst p2.0 a signal, lets telephone h-f, then give the p2.1 a signal, let relay connected, automatic weighing dial the key a potential, let telephone automatic dial-up, so they could finish the system alarm function.2.3 system working principleThe whole system hardware part mainly includes six parts: MCU module; Infrared detector, Acousto-optic alarm circuit; Telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit; Power supply circuit, Working state instructions circuit. Its system working principle for: the sensors will be detected signals to lead signal processor processing, microcontroller judgment to P1.0 mouth have pulse falling edge jumping signal immediately transferred to the acousto-optic alarm program, at this moment, the red light buzzer alarm rapid flashes, lasted 30s. In the 30s inside if someone press the switch, then eliminate alarm remove alarm. if this time no one remove alarm, the proof nobody at home in 30s system will automatically triggers telephone finish the whole system of police work project. Later, microcontroller will continue to cycle back ? sentenced2.4 system total diagramIn proteus simulation system, the system circuit by crystals circuit, sound-light alarm circuit composed. Among them, we use connect the dedication of the P1.0 simulated infrared sensors, requirement when switch when pressed by the high jump, level is low, the equivalent of, sensor detects the state of man, the telephone line with P2.0 and P2.1 derivation, here without simulation telephone circuit diagram.Figure 3.53 software system design3.1 control module design programMicrocomputer in the initial plus electric, voltage is not steady state, causing instability, at this time the SCM in commonly after power up to system with a piece of delay. Time-lapse after detecting P1 mouth microcontroller state, detection level signal whether mutations, if is then calls the police processing procedure, including automatic dialup audible and visual alarm procedures, if no changes, ChuXiang level detection continues to P1 mouth state.Figure 4.1 main program flowchart3.2 system development adopted by the programming and commissioning of the platformThis system language using assembly language preparation, so choose wave6000, he has the microcontroller program edit, compile and debugging, etc., and generate hexadecimal. Files, through: machine TOPWIN burning software writeable microcontroller program memory. The simulation software use Proteus, he is from Britain Labcenter electronics company EDA software. The circuit of the simulation is interactive, aiming at the microprocessor application, still can directly based on schematic diagram of the virtual prototype programming, and implementing software source code level of real-time debugging, if have display and output, still can see after the operation of input and output effect.4 system debugging and test4.1 software debuggingAdopt modularization program design thought, fitst debugging subroutines, then gradually superposition debugging, through Proteus simulation software debugging, proof program can realize its function.4.2 system debuggingThrough the circuit of welding, each module function commissioning. I put the hardware that occur errors adjusted, in addition, infrared that piece, because is employing redirected of pyroelectric switch modified, so in must be taping photoconductive resistance to rise, has arrived in the days and nights can alarm function. The total system commissioning, through, error meets the requirement.5 closingThis system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its make simple low cost and installation are more convenient and anti-theft performance is stable and strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.外文翻译基于红外报警技术的防盗系统1 绪论1.1 本课题的研究现状及研究意义随着社会的不断进步和科学技术不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，对私有财产的保护手段在不断的增强，对防盗设施的智能化提出了新的要求。
基于单片机和GSM模块的防火防盗毕业设计外文文献翻译
Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through the sensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarm the scene or reports to the police through the special electric near distance, thus causes people's vigilance. Through many years research and the development, the present alarm apparatus may say is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatchik development and the social each domain anxious need, can application domain be more and more many, specially is overdevelops in the civil domain.In recent years, the infrared alarm apparatus already became reports to the police a domain hot spot,because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, Hereford the hiding to be good, characteristic and so on security. Infrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divide into the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the acquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, sensitive high, the examination characteristic is good, but needs cool, uses not conveniently. Moreover the component examination sensitivity and the infrared wave length concern. The hot acquisition is uses hotly releases the electricity effect the acquisition aid. After receives the goal the infrared misinterpretation increment, the temperature elevates causes the censorial certain physical quantities changes, through examination physical quantity change definite infrared emission. This kind of sensor works under the room temperature condition, examination sensitivity also very high, speed of response also very quick,moreover has nothing to do with with the infrared emission wavelength, may survey the power only to receive the background irradiation limit, the application is very convenient. This article designs atheist passive form hotly releases the electricity infrared acquisition aid. In the article mainly elaborated has hotly released electrician the principle, hotly releases content and so on Malayalam circuit which the electric detector the characteristic,the BISSAU signal processor, 555 timers composed. Finally designed completes has hotly released the electricity infrared detection alarm apparatus the hardware electric circuit.With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people, to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led to a significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire and fire prevention measures.For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance. In the modern urban family, because of lot of people do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Geog underlined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caused so that people should get to know more about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination of The United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, and some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the causes of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head.Home fires are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must always pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable. Automaticfire alarm system is in order to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire fac ilities, is that people with a powerful tool to fight the fire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors ge nerally, regional centralized alarm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a central contr ol system. From automatic alarm, automatic fire fighting, evacuation guidance, system proces s shows that, fire up a complete file management, fire control system. Fire detectors are fire d etection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals through the detector alarm or automatic fire e xtinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where the floor of alarm detector ca n send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing the room number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is located in the building fire Control Center) output signal or control automatic fire extinguishing system. Concentration of alarm signal is received by way of sound and light show, and the screen als o shows the specific fire floor and room number, the plane stopped taking the first alarm clock to record the timing, use of the machine-specific phones, but also quickly to the fire alarm togive directions and. In addition, you can control the fire extinguishing system or signal transm ission to the fire control room.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of a button fire alarm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other phy sical quantities, by temperature. Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electric al signals, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the fire re cord of the time. General fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant syste ms, smoke control systems, ventilation systems, air conditioning system, fire doors, fire shutte r, smoke screen and other related equipment interaction, automatically or manually issue com mands to start the corresponding device.(A) of the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors and manual fire alar m button. Fire detector is able to fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas co ncentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fire respon se parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detectors, smoke detector, sensitiv e fire detectors, combustible gas detectors and fire detectors five basic types of composite. Dif ferent types of fire detectors for different types of fires and different places. Manual fire alarm button fire alarm signal generated manually start the automatic fire alarm system devices, aut omatic fire alarm system is an indispensable component of the.(B) the fire alarm device in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and control functions with other auxiliary equi pment as the fire alarm device instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. C harged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a stable working power; detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors Shuck; Jinxing sound and light alarm; Hashish specific location and alarm time; the same time supporting the implementation of appropriate control and many other tasks. Fire al arm system is a core component. In the fire alarm devices, some devices such as break, region al monitors, fire shows and other functions can not complete disc alarm device, which can be regarded as the evolution of fire alarm controller or supplement. Under certain conditions appl ied, and the fire alarm device fire alarm control belong. The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power, backup power automatically converted, standby power charge functio n, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit function, control sensors or system failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memory function, clock function unit, with priority being gi ven fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again.(C) fire alarms in automatic fire alarm system to send different from the environment, s ound, light the fire alarm signal device called the fire alarms. It sound, light and sound approa ch to the issue of fire alarm signals alarm area to warn people to adopt safe evacuation, fire fig hting and rescue measures.（D)Fire control equipment in automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alar m, automatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of t heir state, known as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extin guishing system control device, fire hydrant system control devices, smoke exhaust system an d air conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back down control equipment, and fire emergency radio, fire alarms, fi re communications equipment, fire evacuation signs and emergency lighting control devices, control devices in some or all. Fire control equipment normally installed in the fire control ce nter to facilitate the implementation of centralized control. While others set fire control equip ment, fire fighting equipment is located in the charged field, but its actions must be returned fire control signal, combined with the implementation of centralization and decentralization of control(E) fire alarm system power supply electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm syst em power controller, power supply, but also related to the system for the fire control equipme nt such as power supply.火灾自动报警系统传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测，产生报警信号，从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警，从而引起人们的警觉。
单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译
单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Design of Home Safety Alarm System Based on Single Chip MicrocomputerAbstractThis design is to study the field of home safety alarm based on single-chip microcomputer, and design a home safety alarm system that is based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer and is cost-effective and easy to install. The alarm system adopts the communication mode of wireless communication and GSM communication and the modular design concept. It detects different types of risk factors in the home environment through different types of sensor units, and feedbacks the environmental parameters of different rooms to the main control unit. The control unit makes corresponding decisions and issues alarm instructions when necessary to ensure the safety of the home environment. The system is simple and convenient to operate and has a high degree of intelligence. It can detect home risk factors and prevent dangerous accidents.Keywords: home security alarm system; wireless communication; GSM1 Introduction1.1 Hidden dangers and detection in modern home lifeIn the modern home life, people cannot live without convenient living materials such as running water, electricity, and natural gas. However, they bring convenience to us and also increase the unsafe factors in the home life, leaking water pipes, accidental fires, gas leaks, etc. An accident can bring irreparable damage to the family. With the increasing population of the city and the increasing mobility of the population, the crime rate of theft and house robbery has been high for many years. Traditional anti-theft doors and windows have a certain preventive effect, and there are also many security risks. A wide variety of decoration materials, furniture, and decorative items provide us with convenience and beautify the home while alsocontaminating formaldehyde. Therefore, the safety of the home environment has received increasing attention in recent years. How to create a comfortable, healthy and safe home environment has become a hot topic of common concern. In recent years, electronic technology has been changing with each passing day, and communication technology is flourishing. Among them, the development of chip technology and sensor technology is particularly prominent, which provides new options for the solution of home security issues. The use of a home safety alarm device with a microcontroller and a sensor as its core enables the detection of various risk factors in the home, such as gas concentration, formaldehyde content, leakage of water pipes, and theft of rooms, etc. The system can perform remote alarms in a timely manner and notify the user Solve it.1.2 Selected topics and meaningWith the rapid development of science and technology and economic level, people's requirements for the home environment have evolved from the initial satisfaction of simple housing development to the emphasis on the human needs of residential housing. As a result, many safe, comfortable, fast, and convenient smart communities have emerged. where safety is the primary goal. In addition to human factors, the establishment of security systems is an indispensable and important measure for the realization of smart residential security.At present, there are many types of home security products on the market, which can be roughly divided into several relatively independent categories such as anti-theft alarms, video surveillance, and access control systems. Some products have fewer functions, and products with more comprehensive functions have relatively higher prices. Installation is complicated. In other words, there is an urgent need for a product that requires a price to be popular, strong functions, simple installation, easy use, reliable work, and low false alarm rate. Therefore, starting from the actual application, this article systematically elaborates that the use of the system does not need to change the power lines in the home. It has low cost, does not affect aesthetics, wireless communication, and is easy to use. It is suitable for general househo ld use. Home security is closely related to each of us. The use of home security alarm devicescan improve the quality of life of people and make life more secure and convenient. Because of the advantages of the system and the unmatched price/performance ratio of the 51 series microcontrollers, it will be used in future development. Has a broad market prospects and development potential.1.3 Research Status and Development Trends at Home and AbroadIn recent years, with the rapid development of electronic information technology, computer technology, communication technology and sensor technology, there are more and more products related to home security alarms. Domestic and foreign companies such as Siemens, Honeywell, Bosch, Shenzhen Yingmao and many other companies have developed a series of home security alarm products. They generally have wired or wireless communication functions to complete some alarm functions and have carried out Successful application. For example, Siemens' product portfolio includes general-purpose security and security solutions and services, including access control systems, intrusion detection, video surveillance systems, on-site service control centers, and emergency management systems. Thanks to the installation of the Siemens fire and voice evacuation system, the Jinmao Tower and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai, the world's top hotel, provide safe and comfortable working and living environments for thousands of people. It can be foreseen that the smart residential community will become the development trend of the construction industry in the future, and the home security alarm system will become an integral part of the intelligent residential community. In particular, as people's living standards improve, people using home security alarm system equipment will More and more, people's lives will be more comfortable and safer.2 home security alarm system overall design2.1 Overall Design Scheme of Home Security Alarm SystemThe design of this system is a new home security alarm system that integrates single-chip microcomputer control technology, sensor detection technology, and communication technology. The system is based on the single-chip microcomputer and consists of various detection units placed in different rooms and main control units responsible for decision-making. Each detection unit is responsible for detectingvarious conditions of the indoor environment, such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde content, leaking water, etc., and then sending the collected data to the main control unit through wireless communication, and the main control unit makes a decision and issues a corresponding The instruction controls the operation of the system, thus realizing the automatic detection and automatic alarm of the indoor environment and maintaining the safety of the indoor environment. The hardware of the system consists of eight parts: main control unit, fire detection unit, water leakage detection unit, anti-theft detection unit, gas leak detection unit, formaldehyde content detection unit, wireless communication module, and GSM network communication module. Ensure the normal operation of the system. The circuit of the system is mainly composed of a power supply module, a microcontroller module, a sensor module, a wireless module, a display module, and an alarm module.2.2 main control unitThe main control unit, as the control center of the system, is responsible for receiving the information of each detection unit through the wireless module, processing the information, finding the alarm information to issue a corresponding alarm, and promptly notifying the user for processing. The main control unit can complete tasks such as GSM network SMS alarm, sound and light alarm, LED screen display, and keyboard control. The GSM short message module is used to send and receive short messages so as to monitor home security. A variety of sensors are used to collect home information, and information fusion technology is used to obtain more reliable alarm information. After receiving the alarm information, the owner responded to the SMS to control and handle the situation on the site, so as to ensure home security and theft prevention. The system is simple in structure, easy to install and debug, and easy to use.DetectorThe detector is used to detect various environmental information in the room. The environmental information is sent to the main control unit so that the main control unit can process the information in time according to the information. The sensor is the core component of the detector. According to the detection situation,sensors of different types and different principles constitute different detectors. The detectors involved in the system mainly include the following types:(1) Fire detectorFire detectors are mainly installed in the kitchen. It uses a combination of smoke sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. Smoke sensors mainly include ion smoke sensors and photoelectric smoke sensors. The system uses ion smoke sensors. The ionized smoke sensor contains an internal radiation source 241. The current and voltage of the ionization chamber inside and outside the sensor are stable under normal conditions. When a fire occurs, the ionization chamber ionizes positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field. The two io ns move toward the positive and negative poles, and the internal current and voltage change to generate an alarm signal. The temperature and humidity sensor can convert the temperature and humidity of the environment into analog signals. These analog signals are converted into digital signals that can be processed by the MCU under the action of their own processing chip. In the event of a fire, the temperature and humidity in the room will rise sharply within a short period of time. Comprehensive temperature and humidity conditions can prevent false alarms due to external interference from the smoke sensor.(2) Water leak detectorThe leak detector is mainly installed in the bathroom. Its working principle is mainly to use the conductive characteristics of water. The two probes of the detector are installed slightly higher than the ground, and are respectively connected to an I/O pin and GND pin of the microcontroller. When water leakage occurs, the water level is higher than the height of the probe. The two probes of the detector are turned on, and the level of the I/O pin of the microcontroller is set low to generate an alarm signal.(3) Theft detectorThe anti-theft detector is installed above the window. The detection part is mainly composed of pyroelectric and infrared sensors. When a gangster enters through the window, pyroelectric and infrared laser sensors can generate alarm signalsat the same time. The combination of the two sensors can prevent false alarms caused by small animals or accidents. An important component of a pyroelectric sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic dielectric that maintains its polarization after being poled, known as spontaneous polarization. Spontaneous polarization decreases with increasing temperature and drops to zero at the Curie point. Therefore, when this material is exposed to infrared radiation and the temperature rises, the surface charge will decrease, which corresponds to the release of a part of the charge and is therefore called pyroelectricity. The released charge can be converted to a voltage output via an amplifier, thereby generating an alarm signal. When radiation continues to act on the pyroelectric element to balance its surface charge, it no longer releases charge. Therefore, pyroelectric sensors cannot detect constant infrared radiation. The infrared detector employs a photoelectric switch. The photoelectric switch (photoelectric sensor) is an abbreviation of the photoelectric proximity switch. It uses the object to block or reflect the light beam and strobes the circuit by a synchronous circuit to detect the presence or absence of an object. The photoelectric switch converts the input current into an optical signal on the transmitter, and the receiver then detects the target object according to the received light intensity or presence or absence.(4) Gas leak detectorThe gas is mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and ethylene, and the natural gas is mainly composed of methane, ethane, propane, and other components. It can be seen that in both gases, methane is an important component of them. By detecting the methane content, it can be determined whether gas or natural gas leaks occur. The methane sensor converts the information related to the methane concentration into analog signals. These analog signals can be converted into digital signals by the A/D chip and sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller can obtain the indoor methane content according to the size of the digital data. Calculate the concentration of gas and natural gas so that detection and alarm can be achieved.(5) Formaldehyde detectorFormaldehyde is generally considered to be the number one killer of the indoorenvironment. Its release period is generally 3-15 years, and its harm is very serious for the human body, especially infants, pregnant women, the elderly and chronic patients. Formaldehyde mainly exists on the floor, decoration plates, furniture, carpets, paints, and glue. People can easily overlook its existence, but it can cause serious damage to people's health. The formaldehyde sensor uses the electrochemical formaldehyde gas sensor HCHO produced by Dart Sensor. This sensor is developed based on a breath alcohol sensor and is suitable for monitoring in most environments (-20°C~+50°C) (for special applications, it can be used at higher temperatures). This sensor is simple in design, with few components and its cost is reduced. It does not require power supply excitation. It only requires power during signal processing and display, so it is only a simple small battery cell.communication deviceThis system mainly adopts wireless communication methods, which avoids complicated laying of lines and is both beautiful and convenient. The main control unit and each subunit communicate with the wireless module 24L01. The effective range is 60 meters, which fully meets the needs of home use. The communication between the main control unit and the user adopts the GSM (mobile phone network) method. The alarm system can send the information in the home to the user as a short message. The user can also control the running of the home system by sending an SMS.Home Security Alarm System Functions and Working PrinciplesThe main control unit of the system can be placed in the living room, and the detection unit can be installed in different rooms of the house. For example, the fire detection unit is installed in the kitchen, the leak detection unit may be installed in the toilet, the anti-theft alarm detection unit is installed above the door and window, the gas leak detection unit is installed in the kitchen, and the formaldehyde content detection unit is placed in the living room or the bedroom. The detection unit placed in different locations sends information to the main control unit in real time through the wireless device. Once a fire, leaking water pipe, burglary, or gas leak occurs, the main control unit will immediately receive an alarm signal. Then the main control unitThe unit will judge and process the alarm signal, get the alarm type, make an audible and visual alarm, and notify the user through the GSM network. The home security alarm system has six main functions: Mobile phone network intelligent alarm. When an unexpected situation in the home is detected, an alarm is sent through a text message. It can monitor the concentration of gas or natural gas in the home, discover gas leaks, and promptly report an alarm. Anti-theft function, when a thief enters, immediately makes an alarm, and promptly informs the police and the household head; Intelligent fire alarm, immediately when the fire occurs in the home, to alarm, to reduce the loss of property; Intelligent waterproof detection function, found a leak in the home, timely closure of the main valve, And notify the owner by SMS to avoid the loss; The system can be controlled by the remote controller, which is easy to use and easy to operate.3 Hardware Design of Home Security Alarm System3.1 Design of the main control unitThe main controller consists of power supply, GSM communication module, wireless communication module, display device, button, and remote controller. The structure is shown in the figure.Figure 3 main control unit system diagram Power section uses the AC220/DC5V power supply module, after the power supply voltage transformer voltage regulator, and finally get a stable 5V voltage to the microcontroller and other electrical equipment. The display device uses 12864 liquid crystal, 12864 is the abbreviation of dot matrix number of 128*64 dot matrix LCD module, 12864 LCD with Chinese font library can display 4 rows and 8 columns of 32 characters with 16 16 dot matrix, each The display RAM can display 1 Chinese character or 2 16×8 lattice full height ASCII code characters, that is, each display can display up to 32 Chinese characters or 64 ASCII characters. The display of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and system working status is realized through the liquid crystal, so that people can understand the working status of the system in real time. The basic circuit for displaying the liquid crystal is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 LCD connection circuit diagram The GSM mobile network communication module is selected from theSiemens TC35 module, which is a dual-band 900/1800MHz highly integrated GSM module, it is easy to integrate, cost-effective, good product quality and performance The system guarantees that the system communicates with the user's mobile phone via SMS, which is convenient and quick. The GSM module can transmit voice and data signals and connect the SIM card reader and antenna respectively through the interface connector and antenna connector. The automatic baud rate is 1.2kb/s~115kb/s. It supports Short Message Service (SMS) in Text and PDU formats, and can send text messages and make phone calls. The module expansion circuit is shown in Figure 5, and the features are described below. Information transmission content: V oice and data power: Single power supply 3.3V ~ 5.5V Frequency band: Dual-band GSM900MHz and DCS1800MHz (Phase 2+) Transmitting power: 2W (GSM900MHz Class 4) 1W (DCS1800MHz Class 1) 8SIM Card Connection: External Antenna: External antenna connected by antenna connector Talk mode: 300mA (Typ.) Figure 5 TC35 peripheral expansion circuit diagram The wireless communication device uses the 24L01 wireless module, and the maximum operating speed is 2Mbps. It is highly efficient GFSK modulation and has strong anti-interference ability. Up to 126 available channels to meet the needs of multi-point communication and frequency hopping communication, built-in hardware CRC error detection and point-to-multipoint communication address control; Low power consumption 1. 9 - 3. 6V operation, 22uA in standby mode Under power-down mode is 900nA; Built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small and exquisite; The module can be set by software address, can be directly used by various microcontrollers, software programming is very convenient. When connecting with P0 port of 51 series single-chip microcomputer, it needs to add 10K pull-up resistor and it is not necessary to connect with other ports. For other series of microcontrollers, if it is 5V, please refer to the output current of the IO of this series of microcontrollers. If it exceeds 10mA, series resistor divider is required. If it is 3. 3V, it can be directly connected to the IO line of the RF2401 module. For example, if A VR series microcontrollers are 5V, they are generally connected in series with 2K resistors. The keypad is used to set the basic parameters of the main control unit. It can also set the parameters through theSAA3010T remote control. The remote control receiver uses HS0038. The connection circuit with the microcontroller is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 Infrared remote control receiver circuit we use the receiver head, its drive circuit is simple, easy to control the microcontroller. Its operation method is the same as that of an ordinary TV remote controller, and the operation is simple and easy to use.3.2 Design of fire detection unitThe fire alarm unit is composed of a smoke sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The increase of the temperature and humidity sensor can enhance the reliability of the alarm and reduce the occurrence of false alarms. The composition of the fire alarm unit is shown in Figure 8. Fig. 8 System diagram of fire detection unit The smoke sensor converts the collected smoke concentration into an analog signal. After the A/D chip, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the microcontroller. Temperature and humidity sensor The DH11 can send temperature and humidity in digital form to the microcontroller, so the signal does not have to be processed. The MCU sends the received information to the master control unit through the wireless communication module 24L01. The type of smoke sensor used in the system is MQ-2. The gas sensitive material used by MQ-2 is tin dioxide (SnO2) with low conductivity in clean air, and its sensitivity to smoke is very high.3.3 Design of leak detection unitThe unit's design mainly utilizes the conductive properties of water. There are two detection probes connected to the microcontroller, which are connected to the I/O pin and the GND pin of the microcontroller. When in use, put the two probes above the bathroom floor. When there is water leakage, the toilet will produce water. The two probes of the detector are connected to the stagnant water. The preset high-level I/O pins are set low. , Generate an alarm signal, the microcontroller then sends the alarm signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module, thus completing the entire alarm process. The specific structure of the alarm unit is shown in Figure 11.3.4 Design of Gas Leak Detection UnitThe gas leak detection unit is mainly composed of a methane content displayliquid crystal, a methane sensor, a wireless communication module, and a buzzer alarm. The structure is shown in FIG. Figure 12 shows the gas leakage detection unit system. Among them, the liquid crystal display is a 5110 liquid crystal display. Its features are: Cost-effective, LCD1602 can display 32 characters, and Nokia5110 can display 15 Chinese characters, 30 characters, Nokia5110 bare screen only 8. 8 yuan, LCD1602 generally about 15 yuan, LCD12864 generally 50 to 70 yuan; interface is simple, only four I / O lines can drive, LCD1602 need 11 I / O lines, LCD12864 need 12 root. The speed is 20 times that of the LCD12864 and 40 times that of the LCD1602. The model selected for the methane sensor is GJ4. Its output is analog and needs to be sent to the microcontroller via A/D conversion. Its use is similar to the smoke sensor.3.5 Design of formaldehyde monitoring unitFormaldehyde detection unit is mainly composed of formaldehyde sensor, operational amplifier, wireless communication module and sound and light alarm. The formaldehyde sensor converts the formaldehyde concentration into electrical signals. The signal is processed by the operational amplifier and then input to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer judges the signal and sends the formaldehyde content signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module. The sensor contains a conventional two-electrode fuel cell sensor. The working electrode discharges electrons to the counter electrode through an external circuit and is consumed at the counting electrode end with the reduction of oxygen. The internal circuit is realized by the ion current in the electrolyte. Well-designed to facilitate the growth of electrolyte. The rise and fall of the electrolyte varies with the changes in ambient temperature and humidity, but the normal operation will not affect the calibration value. The specific circuit shown in Figure.3.6 Design of anti-theft alarm unitThe anti-theft alarm unit is a double detector consisting of a pyroelectric sensor and an infrared sensor. Compared with conventional pyroelectric or infrared single sensor systems, Shuangjian detectors have significantly reduced their false alarm rates.When the Shuangjian detector works, the two signals of the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor are processed by the NAND gate and sent to the SCM. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, when designing, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor, and the principle diagram of false alarms that can reduce the external interference signal by changing the lens division method is shown in Fig.16. Fig. 16 System diagram of the anti-theft alarm unit When the double-detection detector works, the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor signal are sent to the single-chip microcomputer after being processed by a NAND gate. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor during design. By changing the lens segmentation mode, false alarms due to external interference signals can be reduced. 3.7 Design of Communication SectionThe communication part of this system is mainly composed of GSM mobile network communication module and 24L01 wireless communication module. The GSM module communicates with the user's mobile phone through the mobile phone network of the mobile phone, and the user can understand the security situation at home at any time. Each detection unit communicates with the main control unit through the wireless communication module and feeds back the detected information to the main control unit in time. System Communication Structure Diagram The GSM mobile network communication module uses the TC35 module. Its main features are wide coverage, low cost, reliable quality, and high security. It inherits the standard A T instruction set and RS232 interface standard internally, which makes it easie r for the microcontroller system to control it. It reduces the design of external circuits and simplifies the programming of the program. The hardware circuit is not complicated, but there are many modules used, which increases the complexity of programming and the difficulty of debugging. Therefore, it is necessary to debug each module individually after being debugged by the single chip microcomputer. Communication module application circuit diagram SIM CARD is a mobile communication networkuser identification module. SIM CARD contains the user's user information and is an indispensable tool for communication with mobile phones. There are 6 pins corresponding to each other on the SIM card and the card holder. This is the interface between SIM CARD and TC35. The wireless communication part adopts 24L01 wireless communication module, which has built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small size, software address, software programming is very convenient, built-in special voltage regulator circuit, using a variety of power supply including DC/DC switching power supply are very good The communication effect, when connected to the P0 port of the 51 series single-chip microcomputer, requires a pull-up resistor of 10K, and it is not necessary to connect to other ports. The user can set the alarm phone number, alarm mode, work mode, etc. through the keypad. Through the liquid crystal display, you can clearly understand the operating conditions of the system and the environmental parameters in your home, such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, formaldehyde concentration, leaks, and communication conditions.中文译文基于单片机的居家安全报警系统的设计摘要本设计是对基于单片机的居家安全报警领域进行研究，设计出以STC89C52 单片机为核心的高性价比，易于安装的居家安全报警系统。
外文翻译--基于51单片机温度报警器的设计(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)
外文翻译--基于51单片机温度报警器的设计(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)XXX: Design of a Temperature Alarm Based on 51 MCUDepartment: n EngineeringMajor: Measurement and Control Technology and nClass:Student ID:Name:Supervisor:Date:A microcontroller。
also known as a single-chip computer system。
XXX its ns being integrated on a small chip。
it has most of the components needed for a complete computer system。
such as CPU。
memory。
internal and external bus systems。
and mostof them also have external storage。
At the same time。
it integrates XXX interfaces。
timers。
real-time clocks。
etc。
The most XXX integrate sound。
image。
ork。
and complex input-output systems on a single chip.XXX used in the industrial control field。
Microcontrollers XXX CPUs inside the chip。
The original design concept was to integrate a large number of peripheral devices and CPUs on a chip to make the computer system XXX's Z80 was the first processor designed according to this concept。
基于单片机的红外防盗报警器的设计.
家庭红外防盗报警器摘要：本系统采用了热释电红外传感器，它的制作简单、成本低、安装比较方便，而且防盗性能比较稳定，抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、安全可靠。
这种防盗器安装隐蔽，不易被盗贼发现，同时它的信号经过单片机系统处理后方便和PC机通信，便于多用户统一管理。
本设计包括硬件和软件设计两个部分。
硬件部分包括单片机控制电路、红外探头电路、驱动执行报警电路、LED控制电路等部分组成。
处理器采用51系列单片机AT89C51，整个系统是在系统软件控制下工作的。
关键词：单片机；红外传感器；数据采集；报警电路Abstract : This system used Pyroelectric infrared sensor. Its manufacture is simple, and its cost is low, and fixing is convenient. Besides, the system has many merits, such as steady guard against theft, and strong antijamming ability, and high thesensitivity, and high reliability. The fixxing of this alarm is covert, which is discovered easily by cracksman. After has been processed by SCM, the signal of alarm communicates with PC, which is convenient for uniform management. This design includes hardware part and software part. The hardware part includes the control circuit of SCM, and the infrared probe circuit,and the alarm circuit, and LED control circuit. The SCM uses AT89C51, the overall system works under the control of the systemsoftware.Key words: SCM; infrared sensor; data collection; alarm circuit目录绪论: (3)1.1发展概况与设计背景 (3)1.2本设计概述 (3)1.3 设计任务与要求 (3)2方案设计 (4)2.1 总体设计思路 (4)2.2 具体电路模块设计 (5)2.2.1 热释电红外传感器原理 (5)2.2.2 放大电路的设计 (6)2.2.3 时钟电路的设计 (6)2.2.4 复位电路的设计 (7)2.2.5 发光二极管报警电路的设计 (8)2.2.6 声音报警电路的设计 (8)3系统硬件电路的选择及说明 (8)4 软件的程序实现 (9)4.1 主程序工作流程图 (9)4.2 中断服务程序工作流程图 (10)5 总结 (10)参考文献 (11)附录 1 (12)附录 2 (14)绪论:1.1发展概况与设计背景随着社会的不断进步和科学技术、经济的不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，人们私有财产也不断地增多，因而也对防盗措施提出了新的要求。
基于某GSM模块地单片机的红外防盗报警系统的毕业设计
题目：基于GSM模块的单片机红外防盗报警系统英文题目：Based on GSM module single-chip infrared security alarm system二零一一年六月摘要本系统采用了热释电红外传感器以与GSM模块。
热释电红外传感器具有制作简单、本钱低、安装方便、防盗性能稳定等特点，它的信号易于处理并经单片机系统处理后方便和PC机通信；TC35型GSM模块自带RS232通信端口，能够方便的与单片机和PC机相连，可实现报警信号的无线快速传递，同时能直接将报警信息传送到客户手机终端上，方便与时报警，通过GSM模块也能使该系统与PC终端相连，方便多系统的协调统一管理。
本设计包括硬件和软件两局部。
硬件局部包括单片机控制电路、红外检测电路、报警电路、串口模块等局部组成。
处理器采用51系列单片机AT89C51，整个系统是在系统软件下控制工作的。
关键词：单片机；红外传感器；GSM模块；报警电路ABSTRACTThe system uses apyroelectricinfrared sensorand GSM module.Pyroelectric infraredsensor hasproduceda simple, low cost, easy installation, securityand stable performance.It iseasy to handleandthe signalprocessedby theMCU systemandPC,to facilitatemunication.TypeTC35GSMmodulees withRS232munication port and can beeasilyconnectedwith themicrocontroller andPCmachines, enabling rapid transmission ofthe wirelessalarm signal.At the same timealarm informationcan betransmitteddirectlyto the clientmobileterminal,to facilitate the timelywarning.Through theGSMmodule alsoallowsthe systemis connectedwith thePCterminalto facilitatethe harmonization ofmulti-systemmanagement.Thedesign includesboth hardware and softwareparts.Hardwareincludes single chipcontrol circuit, infrared detection circuits, alarm circuits, serial modulesand other ponents.51 seriesprocessorAT89C51,the wholesystem isunder thecontrol ofthesystem softwareto work.Key words:MCU; Infrared sensor; GSM module; Alarm circuit1 引言11.1设计任务与要求12 根底知识介绍22.1热释电红外传感器〔PIR〕原理简介22.2PIR性能与检测X围22.3AT89C51单片机简单概述3单片机的结构3单片机管脚说明43 方案设计63.1总体设计思路63.2具体电路模块设计63.2.1 电源电路63.2.2热释电红外传感器原理73.2.3时钟电路的设计93.2.4复位电路的设计9报警电路设计10串口模块设计113.3系统硬件电路元件的选择与说明123.4软件的程序实现15主程序工作流程15中断服务程序工作流程164系统仿真与测试174.1仿真条件与预期效果174.2系统仿真各步骤的具体过程与数据记录18硬件仿真与测试记录18软件测试与记录23硬件与软件连调测试与记录23模块的模拟测试与记录264.3系统仿真评估与技术展望295总结30参考文献31致谢32附录331 引言我国工业化的快速开展带动了无数企业茁壮成长，随之而来的是仓库的不断扩建以与储存物品价值不断，不论是工业还是物流业，对于仓库的管理和防盗面临着很大的压力，在高科技时代下，技术不断革新，我国目前的传统防盗报警系统已无法满足市场的需要，因此根据国际安防业的主流技术开展方向，迫切的希望研究出适合用于工业、物流业的仓库防盗报警系统。
基于单片机的防盗报警器的设计(英文翻译)
本科生毕业设计（翻译）Multifunctional Intelligent Wireless AlarmSystemAbstract:Making use of rich inner resource of FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays), a wireless alarm sending system is designed. It includes encoder, FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) modulat ion and every channel’s control circuits, which can decrease volume and increase reliability of the alarm system.The demodulation of receive system is realized by an application specific integrated circuits MC3372. With the help of a single-chip microcomputer 89C51, the address decoder is also designed in the receiver. Adding to other anti-interference,the alarming system has effectively decreased the error-alarm rate.The system can install up to 128 channel sending devices. It can send an alarm to the host when there are some cases in stand-off areas, and the system will display on rotation multiple cases’ area codes . The transmission distance is greater than 4Km in open zones. User can install more than one type sensors simultaneously, for example, smog sensor, combustible gas sensor or burglar sensor. Experiments show that the wireless alarm system has the strengths of high reliability, high anti-disturbance ability and low error-alarm rate. It can entirely meet the needs of alarm fireproofing and guard against theft, etc.Keywords: communication; Alarm systems; Frequency Shift Keying; Micro-controllers; Field Programmable Gate ArraysI.INTRODUCTIONCompared with a wired alert system, a wireless alarm system has characteristics of covertness and ease of installation. It is especially effective when transmitting between long distances in a complex landform situation. Made up of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate-Array), the encoding module in the sending system creates the address signal, FSK (frequency shift keying) modulates the signal and each channel’s controller signals. Using FPGA to replace MSI/SSI (Middle Scale Integrated or Small scale Integrated) digital circuit devices, not only increase the reliability and the resistance to interference of the alarm system, but it also decreases its volume and makes the system easier to install. Since used 7 bits binary number to express the address, up to 128 channels sender can be installed. The decoder consists of ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and SCM in the wireless alarm receiver system, which can effectively decrease the error-alarm rate.II.THE SENDING SYSTEM PRINCIPLEEach stand-off is equipped with a wireless sending system,and corresponds with a 7 bits address identifier in binary. Once a case is detected by a sensor in any stand-off, a control signal of this area is sent to its encoding circuit via interface circuit, which converts the area’s 7bit address identifier into FSK signal. Then FSK signal is transmitted into a frequency modulation circuit for frequency modulating. After power amplification, the frequency modulation electromagnetic wave is emitted via antenna. Onecharacteristic of the sending system is discontinuous sending. In other words, the sending system does not send signals when there is no case, and do keep sending when there is an alarm situation, so as to provide chances to send signals for other stand-off areas.A.The Encoding and Controlling Circuit ConfigurationThe digital circuit part of the encoding circuit is made by a FPGA chip which includes 8 modules.Formed by D triggers, module ‘dff1’ is the interface between detector and encoder. Module ‘oscillator’ combines with some external resistors and capacitors to form a controllable low frequency multivibrator. Its control signal is the output of ‘dff1’---Q1. It does not vibrate when Q1is equal to 0, and if Q1is equal to 1, it vibrates to generate low frequency square waves. If some cases appear in the area, the oscillator controls the mo dule ‘SENDER’ to send electromagnetic wave discontinuously. The module ‘circular_shift_r’ is a parallel input serial output circular shift register. The bit A0～A7 are the parallel address code input terminals, which are joined to high or low voltage level according to the encoder requirement. Q8 is the serial output terminal of the address code. Module ‘dff2’ is a control circuit that is made of some JK triggers. Its setup signal is Q1, which also acts as a trigger signal after delay. Q2 acts as the parallel-in-serial-out control terminal of the‘circular_shift_r’ module. When Q2 is at high voltage level,circular_shift_r’ performs parallel input. When Q2 is at low voltage level, ‘circular_shift_r’ executes serial output. The module ‘delay1’ is a delay circuit composed of D triggers.The module ‘division’ is a frequency division that creates three different routes frequency output signals, two of which branches and act as FSK modulating signals: f1 and f2. The other branch acts as a triggering pulse for modules dff1 and delay1, and alsoacts as the clock pulse of ‘circular_shift_r’for performing serial-out. The module ‘MUX’ is a 2 to 1multiplexer. Its control signal is the output Q8 of‘circular_shift_r’. When Q8＝0, ‘MUX’ produces the signal f2, and when Q8＝1, it exports f1. The module ‘delay2’combines with some external resistors and capacitors to form a delay circuit. Its function is to give workers some time to leave after installing the system. The sending circuit does no work within the delay time, no matter whether K1(detector) is on or off. This is the external connection drawing of the FPGA chip.B. The Working PrincipleAs shown following, the working principle of the alarm system is as follows: when the power of the sending system turns on, the input of the ‘dff1’ is at low level. Then its output terminal Q1 is at logic value ‘0’, NQ1 is at logic ‘1’, and a external light-emitting diode (LED) is lit to indicate the power is on. The signal Q1 is sent to the setting terminal of ‘dff2’ to set terminal Q2 at high level. The high level Q2 will set ‘circular_shift_r’ into the parallel input address code mode. At this time, the outer transistor N2 is at saturation state and N3 at cut-off state. This makes the sending circuit at a passive state, therefore, the circuit will not work. Hence, the circuit does not emit carrier wave if there is no case, and it is at low consumable power state.Once some cases appear, the switch K1 is on. The terminal D of the ‘dff1’ turns to high level immediately, and the output Q1of ‘dff1’ is set to high level at the rising edge of the clock pulse. It makes the setting terminal s of ‘dff2’ at high level too. The ‘dff2’ now is at normal working state. After delaying by module ‘delay1’, the former edge of the Q1 pulse will trigger ‘dff2’ to output low voltage, which will make the transistor N2 off, N3 on, and the delay’s normally open contact will be closed. The electric power supply to the sending circuit is on, and the circuit begins to work normally.Simultaneously, if Q2 is at logi c 0, ‘circular_shift_r’ will be change to serial shift state and export address signals. When the address code is 0, the output of ‘MUX’ will be f2. And when the address code is 1, the output will be f1. Terminals f2 and f1 act as the modulation signal for modulating the carrier wave. In this way, the address code is sent out at the first cycle of the low frequency oscillator. At the second cycle it stops sending in order to give other stand-off a period of time to send. After the third cycle, repeat the procedure above.From the discussion above, we have the conclusion that the encoding and control circuit have the function to display when the power is on, time delay for human to leave the spot, low power cost mode for waiting case, discontinuity sending and FSK modulating etc. It is more flexible and has more functions than many encoder ASIC.III.THE CONFIGURATION AND PRINCIPLE OF THE RECEIVING SYSTEMSet in guardhouse, a set of wireless receiver takes charge of monitoring all stand-off areas. The principle of the wireless receiver is show following. Passing by the low pass filter, the received modulation signal is sent into the high frequency common-emitter and common-base configuration cascade amplifier for amplifying. Then the signal is sent to the intermediate frequency modulation amplifier via the dual tuning circuit, i.e. sent into the input terminal (16th pin) of an ASIC chip (MC3372) to do mixing. The oscillate frequency of the local oscillator circuit is 455KHz higher than the received signal. Delivering to the first pin of the chip MC3372, the signal will mix with the external signal to get 455KHz intermediate frequency signal. After filtering, the intermediate frequency signal is first delivered to the 8th MC3372 pin to do frequency detection, and second amplified by an inner lowfrequency amplifier of the chip MC3372, then the 9th pin exports the baseband signal. Amplified by a low frequency single transistor, the baseband signal is rectified by two steps Schmitt gates (CD4584) to turn into a FSK signal, which will be sent into pin 3.0 of MCS to be decoded.MCS in this system is chip 89C51, which joins an outer 12MHZ crystal oscillator. Its timer T1 act as a baud rate generator in mode 2, and SMOD=1,300 baud/sec. serial port is selected in mode 1, which means an asynchronous communication mode, 10 bit per frame in which the lower 7 bits of the 8 data bit is the address code, and the 8th acts as the parity check bit. The system uses even check.When receiving an address code, the MCS firstly performs parity check. If it is correct ,then ,the MCS compare their value and takes out 7 bits address code and stores it into data buffer in memory. These procedures repeat 3 times in order to identify the 3 address codes. If the 3 address codes are the same, the MCS will confirm that the receiving address signal is an effective alarm signal, that is to say, the address code is not a noise signal. It then triggers the alarm circuit to send the alarm sound. At the same time, the code number will display on the LED indicating which stand-off triggered the alarm.The LED uses a dynamic scan display method. If there are more than one stand-off areas have cases simultaneously, the MCS will display their code number in turn at 3 seconds intervals. The alarm audio process circuit uses a NE556 dual time base circuit chip to form a dual audio frequency multivibrator, which will give off a ringing alarm sound. System could configure sensors use for alarm of fire,combustible gas and theft.IV.ANTI-INTERFERENCE MEASUREIt is important to heighten the anti-interference ability for wirelesscommunications. anti-disturbance measures takes form in the hardware. For example, one should reasonably arrange the PCB (printed circuit board)，increase power decoupling, and place the high and low frequency filter reasonably. Since the receiver system includes high frequency circuits, separate the analogue circuit and digital circuit chip, and make each have its own ground. To guard against external and internal interference or high frequency radiation, put the high frequency amplifier and middle frequency amplifier channels in a metallic shield box and the MCS system into another metallic shield casket. Adopt FSK modulation, double tuning select frequency and ASIC demodulation. All of these measures can effectively decrease interference to the system. For software, use the modular structure to design the software system. Continuously distinguishing address code several times and by parity check can dramatically reduce the error-alarming rate of the system.V.THE ENDINGThe design of software and hardware in this alarm system is reasonable. Its reliability is observably increased, and the error alarm rate is decreased. Experiments show that the error alarm rate is nearly zero when disconnecting the detector. The transmission distance is greater than 4Km in open zones When connecting microwave dual discriminating theft-proof detector （DT-400 Family）, the error alarm rate is less than 4 times every 1000 hours. Since working in the discontinuously sending method at 300baud/s, the alarm system can work reliably as long as the time gap between two sending systems is less than 0.2sec. In fact, it can meet the need in actual applications.Intelligent Residential Security Alarm and Remote Control System Based On Single Chip ComputerAbstract：For to steals, robs and so on accidents to carry on the effective monitor and the warning, unified using the MCU AT89C51 controlling technology and the infrared detection technology, one kind of wireless burglar alarm has been designed, it including hardware and software two parts; The hardware part is composed by the infrared sensor, send and receive module ,MCU, acousto-optic warning and so on; The software part is composed of the main program and music subroutine. With C or the assembly language compilation source program, carries on the translation and the debugging in the Keilc51 platform, after downloads to the MCU AT89C51 chip, and this MCU and other primary devices welding on the PCB board according to design a circuit. On electricity, closed-cycle control switch, when some people intrude in the infrared launch area, has the acousto-optic warning, indicated that has achieved the design requirements.This paper presents intelligent residential burglar alarm, emergency alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage remote automatic sound alarm and remote control system, which is based on 89C51 single chip computer. The system can be automatic alarm, automatic calling the police hotline number. It can be used voice alarm and show alarm occurred address. It can set up and modify user password. It can be recordable and voice suggestion. It can be used telephone remote control electrical power. The alarm system has design innovation, multiply function,low cost, high reliability and so on.Along with time unceasing progress, the people located the environment security to oneself to propose a higher request, it was living at the security aspect particularly, it must pay attention these unexpected visitors frequently. Now many plots have installed the intelligence alarm system, thus enhanced the plot safety rate greatly, because infrared is a black light, uses the wireless launch and the receive, does not need the independent wiring,it has the very strong confidentiality and the secrecy, thus in security, security installments and so on security the use should have the very big superiority.Keywords- Infrared sensor; Launch; Receive; MCU(Micro Controller Unit); WarningI.INTRODUCTIONWith the computer technology and control technology and communicational technology’s development, people’s living standard has improved increasingly. People's living conditions have changed, Such as the living environment’s security and how comfortable they feel. So the intelligent residential building’s automatic emerge as the times require. Intelligent residential must have safety precautions, anti-theft alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage automatic alarm and emergency call. It is able to implement remote control for the key equipment power. In recent years, with the progress of technology and economy, the electronic anti-theft alarm system has rapid development and a very wide application. Now it does not only apply in many important government departments, but also apply in the family.In-depth study on various alarm device, we have designed intelligent residential security alarm and remote control system on the basis of single chip computer. The system is based on 89C51 single chip computer, hasintelligent residential burglar alarm, emergency call alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage automatic alarm and remote control. It is able to call the police hotline number. It is able to use voice alarm and show alarm occurred address. Users can set up and modify password for it. It can be recordable and voice suggestion and make use of the telephone to remote control. Calling when is not at home, it can use password to enter remote deployment and remote control the power of electronic appliance.The system makes use of communication equipment to realize multi-channel detection, scene alarm, emergency alarm, fire alarm and toxic gas leakage automatic alarm. It realizes remote voice alarm function through the automatic dial-up telephone. It directly parallels on the telephone lines, then may be used. Before used, user will be required to install the detection device in place where being watched by people. It must be set up alarm telephone number, recorded voice alarm. The alarm system has design innovation, multiply function, low cost, high reliability and so on.II.SYSTEM COMPONENTIntelligent residential security alarm and remote control system constitutes as shown following. The system is through telephone interface circuit and telephone network to link up. 89C51 single chip computer dominates by MT8880 Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) codec with the telephone network to exchange information. When the detection of dangerous situations, the dangerous situation coded signal transfer from the corresponding detection module through the antenna to master chip. The master chip brings the corresponding alarm information according to received signal. This part is to complete by the voice interface circuit, which uses ISD1420. After users call the number of system, users can control appliances according to sound by the voice interface circuit.The system components are made up of detecting circuit, wireless transmitter-receiver circuit, telephone interface, voice circuit, DTMF codec circuit, telephone signal detection circuit and the main control circuit. Each module is described as follows:A.Detecting CircuitThe part circuit is as the detection part of the whole system, used to detect theft case, fire, toxic gas leakage and emergency call signals. Theftproof detection is to complete through pyroelectric infrared sensor. Sensors are installed on the balcony, windows and other place where thieves are easy to enter. The part circuit is at the ready state under normal circumstance. Sensors catch theft information when someone enters the scope of the surveillance. Then, wireless module will send the information to the 89C51 single chip computer. The detection of fire and toxic gas is to complete by the corresponding detection sensors, emergency call signal is sent from user hand-hold remote control.B.Wireless Transmitter-receiver CircuitThe transmitting and receiving circuit of the part makes use of CMOS manufacturing process produced by a low cost PT2262/PT2272 wirelessremote control module. The operating frequency of it is 2 MHz and the communication distance of it is 100 meters above. Under normal circumstances, transmitting and receiving modules are in dormant status. The module is in non-dormant status when be in danger, then coded signal is transmitted. The receiving module has received high-frequency signal decode, generating interrupt signal at the same time.C.Telephone InterfaceHere shows telephone interface circuit. The phone lines normal is above 48V DC voltage and optocoupler is not conducting. When the phone lines are ringing signal which is 25±3V sine wave, Optocoupler is conducting, generating interrupted signal to the mainframe. The relay will be connected to J1,after mainframe detected ringing signal many times, then load resistor connected to a telephone line, that computer to simulate the extraction process. Since then, the system access DTMF signals from the TONE of coupled transformer, transmits voice signals from VOICE of coupled transformer. To disconnect the system, the system rings off.D.Voice CircuitThe voice circuit of system is used to generate alarm information and hint information. Using specialized voice integrated chip ISD1420, which provides 20 seconds recording time. Using subsection record, master audio recorder provides the starting address.E.DTMF Codec CircuitUsing MT8880 codec chips, to complete dial up function and decode passwords and control commands which are sent by users.F.Telephone Signal Detection CircuitThe telephone signal detection circuit uses pulse reshaping circuit design. The signal must be amplified by the signal amplifier circuit, then, to generate square wave signals to main control chip by comparator. Phone signals including dial tone, busy tone, call waiting tone, ring back tong, network busy tone relies on software to identify.G.The Main Control CircuitThe system adopt 89C51 chip as main control chip, the main controller call by detecting ring tone. Tone control circuits broadcast voice tone, to coordinate the competence of users who have complete remote control electrical appliances. On the other hand, Mainframe controls dial-up circuit given the preset number according to receiving alarm information.According to the alarm type of telephone sound, determine to call police or tell user the information. User may preset passwords, telephone number and record, and so on.III.SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGNSystem software is composed of main program, remote control subroutine, warning subroutine. In order for the system in idle time to enter a dormant mode, all the tasks are completed in interrupted service routine.A.Main program designHere shows main program flow chart. It mainly accomplishes initialize work, then the system enters a dormant mode. Whether there is password input or imported alarm. The results are processed accordingly. A method of determining whether to provide a user with access to the security system,enter a user password for verification by a program in a computing device. When valid user leaves, the main program waits for some time, automatically enters the maximum security state. The main program regular calls watchdog handling procedure, in order that the system is not normal reset.B.Remote Control ModulesWhen there is a ringing signal, remote control modules generate external interrupt. The number of the ring counts in interruption procedure, if the number is more than six times, the system hangs off, broadcasts hint tone to the telephone network. Then checking user passwords, if passwords are valid, user may control the work of electronic appliances. And the times of password input are limit. Check whether connection is overtime or not, hang up if it is overtime.C.Remote Alarm ModuleAn interrupt handler of remote alarm, also known as an interrupt service routine (ISR), is a callback subroutine in an operating system or device driver whose execution is triggered by the reception of an interrupt. When receiving module receives signals, main controller generates interruption, is out of dormant. Proceedings interrupted in this way shall continue from the point where they were interrupted, if making the interrupt trigger. For example, when the system withdraws from a defend position, the system ignores the security which has received alarm signals.After dialing has finished, we must judge by phone tone whether the call has been put through. If not, we want to repeat the dialing. We just hang up the telephone then repeat,otherwise, play alarm information to the other. The function is to complete by signal tone detection routine. System must identifysignal tone, in order to identify the signal tone, we must know the characteristic of signal tone.IV.THE SYSTEM TESTING SHOULD MEET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTa.Guard against theft and alarm system: Be able to dial preset telephone number and alarm telephone number, tell people by phone tone where the accident has happened.b.Emergency alarm: Be able to dial preset telephone number and emergency telephone number, tell people by phone tone where the accident has happened.c. Fire alarm and record hint: Be able to dial preset telephone number and fire alarm telephone number, tell people by phone tone where the accident has happened. And there is toxic gas leakage automatic alarm and emergency call.d. Be able to set up password and alarm telephone number, then modify theme. Remote control the power of appliancesV.THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSAccording to the program flow diagram with C or the assembly language compilation main program and music subroutine, carries on the debugging in the Keilc51 environment, will debug the good procedure using the programmer to solidify to MCU AT89C51. With the infrared sensor, the launch module, the receive module, the MCU, the acousto-optics alarm circuit welding on the PCB board according to the request, puts through the power source, the green power light is bright, indicated that the power sourcework is normal; When separation alert control switch, the alarm circuit does not work, therefore when some people intrude in the infrared launch area, also will not have the warning, when after closed alert control switch, the indicating lamp will be bright, indicates the alarm circuit in the work, when this time some people will intrude in the infrared launch area, will have the acousto-optic warning, namely the buzzer will send out music, red light emitter diode twinkle. The alert control master switch's function, causes the infrared burglar alarm's use to be more convenient, when the master wants to greet the visitor, may separate the alert control master switch, the visitor walks into the guard area not to report to the police; When the master wants to guard against theft, then closed alert control master switch, when has the unexpected visitor to intrude the guard zone time, will carry on the acousto-optic warning.VI.CONCLUSIONThis paper presents intelligent residential burglar alarm, emergency alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage remote automatic sound alarm and remote control system, which is based on 89C51 single chip computer. The system communicates with terminal through public telephone network and mobile network, is able to dial preset telephone number and alarm telephone number automatically. We know what has happened according to tone dialer and where has happened. We can set up and modify passwords, be able to record and tone hints. We can use telephone or mobile phone to lay guards, withdraw guards, remote control the power of appliances. The alarm system has design innovation, multiply function, low cost, high reliability and so on. The system enhances the level of intelligent alarm system. Using the MCU and the wireless communication technology, may realize the wireless warning, between the wireless sensor and the MCU uses the ASK modulationand demodulate , with releases the infrared sensor to carry on the examination hotly, the installment hiding, the overall system does not need the independent wiring, it is suitable erects communication link's place inconveniently in the cities family and the remote districts ,and so on, it should have the good application prospect.多功能智能无线报警系统摘要：利用内部资源丰富的FPGA（现场可编程门阵列），设计了一个无线报警发送系统。
基于单片机的红外线防盗报警器设计开题报告. - 副本
基于单片机控制的红外防盗报警器的设计The design of infrared burglar alarm based on the single chip microcomputer control专业：自动化学号：1020620211姓名：曹阳指导老师：日期2013年11月30日目录一、课题研究意义和目的------------------------1二、国内外研究现状及分析---------------------1三、课题设计的主要内容------------------------2四、系统总体方案---------------------------------2五、实施计划---------------------------------------4六、结论---------------------------------------------4七、参考文献---------------------------------------5一、课题研究意义和目的红外线防盗报警设计就是制作出一种红外监控报警系统，出现了紧急情况的话能够马上让当事人知晓，并且能够自动呼叫报警。
红外线防盗报警技术是利用红外线来传送指令，它在家用电器、玩具、安全保卫、军事技术、工业控制以及人们的日常生活等多领域中应用十分广泛。
人力防范往往受时间、地域、人员素质和精力等因素的影响，难免会出现漏洞和失误。
因此，安装先进的红外线防盗报警系统就成为了一种必要的措施。
一旦发现有入侵者进入，红外线感应就会立即报警，就像是在重要区域的周界处增加了一双“电子眼”忠诚地守卫着要害目标。
因此，红外线防盗系统收到了人们的青睐。
由于红外监控报警系统一般都是设立在保护范围的最外围，因此，红外探头能够提前发现异常情况，可以提前发现可疑踪迹，提高了安全系数。
红外报警系统由于使用了电子装置作为保护手段，从而也提高了整体防护的安全性。
报警的声音可以调节。
精品中英文外文翻译基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计定
Based on monolithic integrated circuit automobile security alarmsystem designAbstract:Decodes the automobile security system using them on litchis integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, both enhanced the system security, and greatly reduced the cost.Keyword: Monolithic integrated circuit, Automobile security system , Code/decodeIntroductionIs unceasingly progressive along with the social economy and the high tech rapid development, in the routine work and the life, the automobile has become the people ideal transportation vehicle. But the following motor vehicle the case which robbed gradually is also in creased has created the pilot economical property loss. In order tore duce the automobile to rob the event the formation rate, for has the automobile the user to provide the safety control, simply develops one kind to be reliable, the ease of operation, can send out in the discovery normal condition to the pilot reports to the police the reminder and the security warning safety system has the practical significance. This article based on to the existing automobile security alarm system generalized analysis, develops one kind of brand-new security alarm system. This system has mainly used the jump code code/decoding principle, causes the overall system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate.1. System principle of workThe automobile security alarm system the remote control which carries by the driver and installs in the automobile the controller two parts composes. The remote control and the controller all use eight CMOS which American AT-MEL Corporation produces the A VR monolithic integrated circuit, this series monolithic integrated circuit based on new simplifies instruction R the ISC structure, includes the service life most to be few is 1,000 time writes/scratches the circulation the Flash program memory, as well as the service life at least is 100,000time writes/scratches the circulation E the EPROM data-carrier storage, some 2 only have when the entire piececleaning can clean the programming encryption locks the localization.1.1 System designThe automobile security examination uses the ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is composed by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and the supersonic reception electric circuit, in the automobile cab appropriate position, installs the ultrasonic wave launch/receiver, as well as switch electric circuit T1. When the automobile parks the vehicle owner person must leave the automobile, with remote control closed switch T1, the automobile alarm system sat garrisons the condition, around the system use ultrasonic wave examination vehicle obstacle. Launches the partial electric circuits likes chart 1 to show. When its P1 mouth P1.1, P1.2 to the D trig , the P1.0 control ultrasonic wave launch, are 0, the photo electricity coupler outputs the TP1 end is 1, the permission ultrasonic wave launch, launches/the receive ultrasonic wave in turn, the circulation repeatedly carries on. Simultaneously the monolithic integrated circuit interior counter starts to count. The steam distance between vehicles obstacle distance is the time which sends out through the sound navigation and ranging reflects spends determines and carries on the computation. The reflection signal causes the D trigger to produce interrupt request signal INT1,simultaneously stops counting, reads takes counts the value, calculates the actual distance after the formula, then carries on the comparison with the datum distance, if examines when the actual distance is bigger than reference value 80cm, does not carry on the accustom-optics to report to the police; If some people approach the automobile to enter the cab, the examination actual distance is smaller than or was equal to when reference value 80cm, through monolithic integrated circuit P2.2 and the P2.3 port, actuates the indicating lamp display circuit and the sound alarm circuit, sends out three two flash. And triggers a high level, the actuation is wire less signal transmission circuit.Chart 1 Ultrasonic wave transmission circuit1.2 Code/decoding principleThe present automobile remote control security system are many isusesVD5026/27, PT2262/72, HT12E/D and so on the general code/decodes the electric circuit, its password decided by the component address, each set of security systems use a fixed invariable password. Along with the micro processing technology development, through the receiver emote control transmitting message, may intercept this fixed password, moreover general arranges the decoding address to lose the person to carry the component size limit, its quantity is impossible too much, can obtain not repeatedly codes very is also limited, also can very quickly explain the password with the automatic scanner. Therefore, this kind of password fixed invariable automobile security system has received the serious threat. Decodes the automobile security system using the monolithic integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, with the password no longer duplicates uses, causes the interception password also is makes a futile effort, in addition, it may increase the enough many passwords figure, enhances the system resistance illegal scanning the ability. The remote control coding altogether has 12 bytes, separately by 3 bytes codes channels code, 3 bytes codes forewords number, 5 bytes jumps codes, 1 byte pressed key operation code is composed. Encoded front adds on logic in each byte 0 to take the outset position, encoded behind adds on a logical 1 achievement in each byte to stop the position, and in most front adds on several logic 1 to take the guidance signal, this constituted the serial coded signal which uses in to transmit. The code channel code uses in to express the remote control status; each set of systems use a fixed channel code. The code foreword number uses in to record the encoded order, its starting value is 0, the monolithic integrated circuit every time codes a time, the code foreword number upwardly counts time. The code channel code and the code foreword number deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guarantees them power cut the influence. The jump code is the systematic true password, it passes through the complex special algorithm by the code channel code and the code foreword number to extract, this special algorithm foreign security. The pressed key operation code by the pressed key which presses was decided, when "the hypothesis" the key is pressed down, its code decides as 0 1H; When "relieves" the key presses down, its code decides as 00H. Whether is the decoding confirms receive the code legitimate a series of operating process. Was confirmed the legitimate code needs to satisfy three conditions; (1) codes the channel code and the decoding channel code is same; (2) coded the foreword number to be bigger than the decoding foreword number (decodingforeword number to record on legitimately has used code foreword number, this condition might guarantee before has used code was invalid); (3) jumps the code to be equal to reuses the special algorithm to extract changes the code. After the monolithic integrated circuit confirmed receives is the legitimate code, writes the code foreword number in the decoding foreword number, and completes corresponding operation processing according to the operation code. The decoding channel code and the decoding foreword number also deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guards against because of power cut loses.1.3 Security reports to the police realizationIf will have robber Chen ZheRu the room, starts the automobile, after wrong password, then the automobile storage battery +12V voltage, the ignition electric current way ignition lock, the ignition outage, the engine extinguishes, again starts, will duplicate the above process, like this, the bandits and thieves always will not be able to start the automobile, will not be able to achieve its anticipated goal. The alarm circuit mainly is composed by the integrated block and the speaker and electronic switching SCR. Triode or the multiple-unit tube, are for enhance the electric circuit measure which the power but often uses, it has composed a current amplification factor very big equivalent transistor, total enlargement factor for these two enlargement factor product. SCR is the electronic switching which constitutes by the silicon-controlled rectifier, the electric capacity and the resistance constitution negative booster concurrently filter, provides +3 +4V to IC the voltage, IC is traces Draws up sound reports to the police the integrated circuit, the alarm apparatus by the SCR control, robs the vehicle thief once after the wrong password, then the storage battery electric current enters the security system besides a group, another group is started in the engine, after leads the engine work, natural contact output voltage, after the differentiating circuit, silicon-controlled rectifier SCR is triggered, also passes through the resistance to fall the pressure, the voltage adds in the IC power source input end, IC obtains the voltage output alarm, enlarges after the multiple-unit tube, Destroys moves the speaker to send out resoundingly reports to the police the sound. when static state, entire electric circuit does not consume the electricity.2. Software designThe alarm apparatus software design mainly divides into:Master routine (alarm apparatus initialization, key modulation and decoding); Alarm apparatus interrupthandling routine. This alarm apparatus installs on the automobile steering wheel. After installs, starts the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus automatically retards20~30s to start to work, in order to lets use the person to have the enough time to lock the gate to leave the automobile. After the time delay the alarm apparatus enters the value to defend the active status, once the vehicle door is turned on or the windowpane hits garrulously, the oscillation pick-up examines the signal, time delay 20s starts to report to the police. The time delay goal is the master which causes the automobile is opening the gate to enter the vehicle internal energy closure alarm apparatus, in order to avoid reports to the police by mistake.2.1 Master routineThis part mainly completes to each severance entrance hypothesis, and reports to the police the depositing unit initialization to each fixed unit, establishes the special symbol value and to the pressed key interrupts processing. Master routine design diagram like chart 2 shows.Chart2 master routine frame chart2.2 Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routineThe burglar alarm disposal procedure uses time severance inquiry processing, each time severance, only is inquires each kind of control flag bit, controls each group output according to its condition. The procedure has not used has circulation processing the way, therefore time control conclusion, cannot eliminate controls the flag bit, only is repositions the scene, the waiting next time severance, again judges whether controls the conclusion.3. Concluding remarkUses automobile security alarm system cost which this kind of monolithic integrated circuit composes low, performance reliable, simultaneously settles the extension to be convenient. The use jump code code/decoding principle, causes the system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate, will obtain the wide spread application in the future automobile security alarm system.基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计摘要:应用单片机内部资源实现的跳变编码/解码汽车防盗系统，它每次使用的遥控密码都在变化，既提高了系统的安全性，又大大降低了成本。
基于ZigBee的无线红外防盗报警系统设计
基于ZigBee的无线红外防盗报警系统设计范国娟;范国卿【摘要】Using TI＇s single chip CC2430 and infrared sensor RE200B, this paper which is based on infrared anti-theft warning technology and ZigBee has finished the hardware design and software development of the wireless infrared anti-theft alarm system. It solved the problems that existed in the wireless alarm system nowadays such as false alarm, high cost and so on. The system has been proved its expected functions by debugging the circuit.%结合红外防盗报警和ZigBee技术这两大热点课题，利用TI公司的单芯片CC2430和RE200B红外传感器，完成了基于ZigBee技术无线红外防盗报警系统的硬件设计和软件开发，解决了现有无线报警系统存在的误报警，成本高等问题。
经过对系统的硬件软件电路调试，验证了系统预期的功能。
【期刊名称】《电子设计工程》【年(卷),期】2012(020)012【总页数】5页(P16-20)【关键词】无线红外防盗报警;ZigBee;CC2430;系统设计【作者】范国娟;范国卿【作者单位】山东传媒职业学院,山东济南250200;苏宁电器南京总部,江苏南京210005【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP277目前报警系统的信号传输主要是有线和无线两种。
有线方式具有通讯可靠、抗干扰能力强、器件成本低等优点，适用于新建且可以在墙壁内预留连接线的建筑物，但是其机动性差、不便适应用户及产品的多变要求，对预留连接线的维护及更换难度高、费用大；无线方式可避免探头与主机之间的连接线影响室内装修，具有灵活、简洁的优点，需求日益扩大，越来越得到用户的认可，是发展趋势，但是容易受到干扰，传输稳定性和抗干扰性存在不足，价格较高。
外文翻译——基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计
外文原文Based on infrared alarm technology security systems1 the introduction1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad .With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, people's living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection means in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residentialanti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. It's the job of the performance is good, do not appear to reportand misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable.In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has triggered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyroelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with thecustomers. And alarms installation concealment, not easily by rogue found.1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiationThe nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ℃), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object radiate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temperature T. This product is a constant, namely:The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also.1.2.2.pyroelectric effectPassive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its main working principle is pyroelectric effect.Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of the surface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, material surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will beproduced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output.1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structurePyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor detection yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuantype structure. According to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, it'sthe job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength for0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, it's the jobof the wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensorwill two opposite polarity, special1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principlePyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certain wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensity is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes.2 hardware system design2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware designBecause this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is enough. Therefore, infrared intelligentanti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for:(1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection.(2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual alarm). We design the system must have the following function module:1.passive infrared detector,2.sound-light alarm,3.telephone automatic dial-up function;4.continued uninterrupted power supply,According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the system unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong。
基于单片机的居室安全报警系统设计外文参考及翻译
本科生毕业设计（论文）专业外文翻译原文：Microcontroller Based Home Automation System With Security译文：基与单片机的智能家居系统与安全性指导教师：职称：副教授学生姓名：学号： 1002120106专业：电气工程及其自动化院（系）：机电工程学院2014年3月20日Microcontroller Based Home Automation System With SecurityAbstract:With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. This unit talks about the basic definitions needed to understand the Project better and further defines the technical criteria to be implemented as a part of this project.Keywords-component; Automation, 8051 microcontroller, LDR,LED, ADC, Relays, LCD display, Sensors, Stepper motorI.NTRODUCTIONA home automation system integrates electrical devices in ahouse with each other. The techniques employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of domestic activities, such as home entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic robots. Devices may be connected through a computer network to allow control by apersonal computer, and may allow remote access from the internet.Typically, a new home is outfitted for home automation during construction, due to the accessibility of the walls, outlets, and storage rooms, and the ability to make design changes specifically to accommodate certain technologies. Wireless systems are commonly installed when outfitting a pre-existing house, as they reduce wiring changes. These communicate through the existing power wiring, radio, or infrared signals with a central controller. Network sockets maybe installed in every room like AC power receptacles. Although automated homes of the future have been staple exhibits for World's Fairs and popular backgrounds in science fiction, complexity, competition between vendors, multiple ncompatible standards and the resulting expense have limited the penetration of home automation to homes of the wealthy or ambitious hobbyists.II.HOME AUTOMATIONHome/office automation is the control of any or all electrical devices in our home or office, whether we are there or away. Home/office automation is one of the most exciting developments in technology for the home that has come along in decades. There are hundreds of products available today that allow us control over the devices automatically, either by remote control; or even by voice command. Home automation (also called domotics) is the residential extension of "building automation". It is automation of the home,housework or household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HV AC (heating,ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and other systems,to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care. Earlier, we looked into the face of future when we talked about automated devices, which could do anything on instigation of a controller, but today it has become a reality.III.NEED OF AUTOMATIONWith advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscularrequirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual ystem. Through this project we have tried to show automatic control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent.a) An automated device can replace good amount of human working force, moreover humans are more prone to errors and in intensive conditions the probability of error increases whereas, an automated device can work with diligence,versatility and with almost zero error.Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities,underwater, etc)Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.Economy improvement. Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of humankind. For example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation technology recovers its investment, or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century.b) This is why this project looks into construction and implementation of a system involving hardware to control a variety of electrical and electronics system.IV.SUPPY UNITA.Transformer:The main source of power(Fig 1) supply is a transformer. The maximum output power of power supply is dependent on maximum output power of transformer .We determine power from its current and voltage rating. e.g.: if there is a transformer of 12V, 500mA then maximum power delivered by transformer is 6Watt.It means we can drive a load from this transformer up to 6w. In our project our maximum power requirement is 1watt. So to provide this power we use 12V/250mA transformer. The maximum output power of this transformer is 4watt.it means it can easily drive load up to 4 watt.B.RectifierRectifier is a circuit which is used to convert ac to dc.Every electronic circuit requires a dc power supply for rectification. We have used four diodes.C.Input filter:After rectification we obtain dc supply from ac but it is not pure dc it may have some ac ripples .To reduce these ripples we use filters. It comprises of two filters –low frequency ripple filter and high frequency ripple filter. To reduce low frequency ripples we use electrolytic capacitor. The voltage rating of capacitor must be double from incoming dc supply. It blocks dc and passes ripples to ground.D.RegulatorInitial stage of every electronic circuit is power supply system which provides required power to drive the whole system. The specification of power supply depends on the power requirement and this requirement is determined by its rating. The main components used in supply system are.Regulator is a device which provides constant output voltage with varying input voltage. There are two types of regulators(a) Fixed voltage regulator(b) Adjustable regulatorWe have used fixed voltage regulator LM78XX last two digits signify output voltage. The voltage for our system is 5V that is why we have used 7805 regulator which provides 5V from 12V dc.E.Output filter:It is used to filter out output ripple if any.F.Output indicationWe use LED to observe the functioning of our system. If he LED glows it confirms proper functioning of our supply.We have used four power supply units.This supply is for the microcontroller,display and relay unit.The microcontroller requires 5 volt supply to perform any desired task.G.Control UnitTwo control units were used one for internal system and one for external system and these control unit based on ATMEL’sAT89S52 microcontroller(Fig 2). The given capture shows the pins and basic requirement of microcontroller to make it functional. Detailed description of the controller is 100uf / 50v.In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software electable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPUwhile allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.The Downloadable Flash can be changed a single byte at a time and is accessible through the SPI serial interface. Holding RESET active forces the SPI bus into a serial programming interface and allows the program memory to be written to or read from unless Lock Bit 2 has been activated.H.FeaturesCompatible with MCS-51™ProductsI.8KbytesofIn-SystemDownloadable Flash MemoryReprogrammableSPI Serial Interface for Program DownloadingEndurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles4.0V to5.5V Operating RangeFully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz56 x 8 bit Internal RAM32 Programmable I/O LinesThree 16 bit Timer/CountersEight Interrupt SourcesUll Duplex UART Serial ChannelLow Power Idle and Power Down ModesI .AdvantagesLess power consumptionLow costLess space requiredHigh speedFig 2-Chip BoardAT89S52 is an ATMEL controller with the core of Intel MCS-51. It has same pin configuration as give above. The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Downloadable Flash programmable and erasable read only memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Downloadable Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial interface or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Downloadable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Downloadable Flash, 2K bytes of EEPROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, programmable watchdog timer, two Data Pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vectorJ .Pin DescriptionVCC: Supply voltage. GND: Ground., Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification.Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table .Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52.RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives high for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO,the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled. ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,however,that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSEN: Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPP: External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.H. Display UnitFig 3-Display UnitLiquid crystal displays (LCD) is an alphanumeric display and widely used in recent years as compared to LEDs. This is due to the declining prices of LCD, the ability to display numbers, characters and graphics, incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, their by relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD and also the ease of programming for characters and graphics. We have used JHD162A advanced version of HD44780 based LCDs.V.WHAT CAN BE AUTOMATEDA.Virtually anything in the home/office that is powered by electricity can be automated and/or controlled. We can control our electrical devices. The password is given with the help of controller and can be changed by simply making a small change in the program and then burning the program in the controller.B.Counter dependent automatic switching system of roomAfter opening the lock when the person enters the room the counter gets incremented.Now if it is a day then the lights would not be switched on but if it is dark then the lights will automatically switch on. Now whatever may be the number of people entering the room the counter will automatically get incremented by itself and on leaving the room the counter will get decremented but the system will keep on working .Once the counter is zero in other words once everyone leaves the room the switching system will automatically stop working.C.Temperature controlled cooling systemOnce the person has entered the room he would not require to switch on anything everything will just happen automatically. Like if the temperature is high then the fan will switch on, on its own. Else it will remain in off state. This temperature is predefined by us in the controller. But this system will only work if there is a person in the room in other words if the counter is not zero.D.Light saving systemThis light saving system is used in two places for internal section and external section. If a person is not at home or sitting inside the room and it is dark outside then the lights will automatically get switched on and when its day the light will get switched off. This ensures power saving.Fire and Smoke sensorThis part detects any fire or smoke from a fire and set an alarm or an indication.VI. FEATURESPassword Based Locking SystemIn this system we have ensured a safe locking system. On seeing from outside the lock would not be visible but this inbuilt locking system ensures security. This lock can be opened and closed with the help of a password which we will give using a keypad. The door will only open or close only if the password is correct else it will remain in its original state. The lock cannot be broken because to the person standing Future of Automation: Future will be of Automation of all products. Each and every product will be smart devices that we use daily and that will be controlled through a smart chip called microcontrollers. Each and Every home appliances will be controlled either by PC or hand held devices like PDA or mobile handsets. Some examples of it are when you want you can switch on/off Fan of your home by mobile handset or PC.Smart Grid: Home automation technologies are viewed as integral additions to the Smart grid. The ability to control lighting, appliances, HV AC as well as Smart applications(load shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and price reporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives are rolled out.VII. CONCLUSIONAn automated home can be a very simple grouping of controls, or it can be heavilyautomated where any appliance that is plugged into electrical power is remotelycontrolled. Costs mainly include equipment, components, furniture, and custom installation.Ongoing costs include electricity to run the control systems, maintenance costs for the control and networking systems, including troubleshooting, and eventual cost of upgrading as standards change. Increased complexity may also increase maintenance costs for networked devices.Learning to use a complex system effectively may take significant time and training.Control system security may be difficult and costly to maintain, especially if the control system extends beyond the home, for instance by wireless or by connection to the internet or other networks.基与单片机的智能家居系统与安全性摘要：随着技术的进步的东西变得更简单，更容易为我们服务。
6125_基于单片机控制的红外线防盗报警器的设计
基于单片机控制的红外线防盗报警器的设计摘要：本系统采用热释电红外传感器进行数据采集，其制作工艺已经相当成熟，成本低廉，并且具有防盗性能稳定、安装方便、抗干扰能力高、灵敏度高等诸多特点，使其适合作为用于隐蔽安装不易被发现的防盗设施。
同时它的信号经过单片机处理后易于PC机进行交流通信，便于多用户统一管理与操作。
本设计包括硬件和软件设计两个部分。
硬件部分主要有单片机（MCU）控制电路、红外检测电路、报警电路、按键控制电路和LED显示电路组成。
处理器采用51系列AT89C51，整个系统是在系统软件控制下工作的。
关键词：单片机；红外传感器；报警电路；数据采集SCM -based infrared burglar alarm design Abstract : This system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor data collection , its production process is already quite mature , low cost , and has a stable security performance, easy installation, high anti-interference ability , high sensitivity and many other features make it suitable as concealed installation anti-theft is not easy to be found .While its signal after microcontroller processing easier to communicatewith the PC communication ，facilitate unified management and multi-user operations. The design of both hardware and software design in two parts. The main part of the microcontroller （MCU）hardware control circuit, an infrared detection circuit , alarm circuit , the key control circuit and LED display circuit . Processor uses 51 series AT89C51, the whole system is working in the system software control.Keywords: microcontroller; infrared sensor; alarm circuit ; data collection目录基于单片机控制的红外线防盗报警器的设计 (1)SCM -based infrared burglar alarm design (1)目录......................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
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外文原文Based on infrared alarm technology security systems1 the introduction1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad .With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, people's living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection means in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residential anti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. It's the job of the performance is good, do not appear to report and misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable.In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has triggered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyroelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with the customers. And alarms installation concealment, not easily by rogue found.1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiationThe nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ℃), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object radiate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temperature T. This product is a constant, namely:The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also.1.2.2.pyroelectric effectPassive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its main working principle is pyroelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of thesurface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, material surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will be produced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output.1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structurePyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor detection yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuan type structure. According to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength for0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensor will two opposite polarity, special1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principlePyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certain wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensity is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes.2 hardware system design2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware designBecause this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is enough.Therefore, infrared intelligent anti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for:(1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection.(2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual alarm). We design the system must have the following function module:1.passive infrared detector,2.sound-light alarm,3.telephone automatic dial-up function;4.continued uninterrupted power supply,According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the system unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong2.2 telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit designIn order to simplify the whole system design process, we do not adopt MT880 chip dialing. Realization process is as follows:First in telephone storage inside put on domestic host cell phone numberor alarm call 110. From MCU pins p2.0 and p2.1 drawn two wiring connect relays, a pick telephone keyboard MianDiJian, another connect telephone keyboard keys, automatic weighing dial because the phone keypad scanning is similar microcontroller keypad scanning, so can make SCM give fitst p2.0 a signal, lets telephone h-f, then give the p2.1 a signal, let relay connected, automatic weighing dial the key a potential, let telephone automatic dial-up, so they could finish the system alarm function.2.3 system working principleThe whole system hardware part mainly includes six parts: MCU module; Infrared detector, Acousto-optic alarm circuit; Telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit; Power supply circuit, Working state instructions circuit. Its system working principle for: the sensors will be detected signals to lead signal processor processing, microcontroller judgment to P1.0 mouth have pulse falling edge jumping signal immediately transferred to the acousto-optic alarm program, at this moment, the red light buzzer alarm rapid flashes, lasted 30s. In the 30s inside if someone press the switch, then eliminate alarm remove alarm. if this time no one remove alarm, the proof nobody at home in 30s system will automatically triggers telephone finish the whole system of police work project. Later, microcontroller will continue to cycle back ? sentenced2.4 system total diagramIn proteus simulation system, the system circuit by crystals circuit, sound-light alarm circuit composed. Among them, we use connect the dedication of the P1.0 simulated infrared sensors, requirement when switch when pressed by the high jump, level is low, the equivalent of, sensor detects the state of man, the telephone line with P2.0 and P2.1 derivation, here without simulation telephone circuit diagram.Figure 3.53 software system design3.1 control module design programMicrocomputer in the initial plus electric, voltage is not steady state, causing instability, at this time the SCM in commonly after power up to system with a piece of delay. Time-lapse after detecting P1 mouth microcontroller state, detection level signal whether mutations, if is then calls the police processing procedure, including automatic dialup audible and visual alarm procedures, if no changes, ChuXiang level detection continues to P1 mouth state.Figure 4.1 main program flowchart3.2 system development adopted by the programming and commissioning of the platformThis system language using assembly language preparation, so choose wave6000, he has the microcontroller program edit, compile and debugging, etc., and generate hexadecimal. Files, through: machine TOPWIN burning software writeable microcontroller program memory. The simulation software use Proteus, he is from Britain Labcenter electronics company EDA software. The circuit of the simulation is interactive, aiming at the microprocessor application, still can directly based on schematic diagram of the virtual prototype programming, and implementing software source code level of real-time debugging, if have display and output, still can see after the operation of input and output effect.4 system debugging and test4.1 software debuggingAdopt modularization program design thought, fitst debugging subroutines, then gradually superposition debugging, through Proteus simulation software debugging, proof program can realize its function.4.2 system debuggingThrough the circuit of welding, each module function commissioning. I put the hardware that occur errors adjusted, in addition, infrared that piece, because is employing redirected of pyroelectric switch modified, so in must be taping photoconductive resistance to rise, has arrived in the days and nights can alarm function. The total system commissioning, through, error meets the requirement.5 closingThis system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its make simple low cost and installation are more convenient and anti-theft performance is stable and strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.外文翻译基于红外报警技术的防盗系统1 绪论1.1 本课题的研究现状及研究意义随着社会的不断进步和科学技术不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，对私有财产的保护手段在不断的增强，对防盗设施的智能化提出了新的要求。