(完整word版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习

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高中英语构词法讲解

高中英语构词法讲解

高中英语构词法讲解一.类别英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1) 动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位,如:Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

如:We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如:Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式:1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(—)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音-记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3。

名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。

如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A。

care B. carefulC. careless Dcarelessness2。

The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。

A。

die B. dead C。

died D。

death3。

The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B。

sadness C. sadly D。

sad4。

He is an expert at chemistry。

We all call him a ________。

第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)

第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)
【答案】appropriately
【解析】考查副词。句意:人们相信,通过适当布置事物,可以和谐自然界的能量。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranging,因此使用appropriately“适当地”,作状语。故填appropriately。
3.(2024·辽宁六校联考)Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also(wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various features, such as overhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned roof corners, and different shapesof roofs.
【答案】magnificently
【解析】考查副词。句意:这艘船出来时气势恢宏,其形状和特征具有闽北特色。提示词修饰动词短语comes out,用副词magnificently作状语,意为“壮丽地,宏伟地”。故填magnificently。
6.(2024·江西九江·二模)In 2005, the pattern was(successful)selected as the symbol of China’s cultural heritage to showcase the ancient Chinese people’s wisdomand aspirations.
【答案】globally
【解析】考查副词。句意:展望未来,我们将抓住机遇,继续走在共建“一带一路”前列,为全球提供更多高水平绿色能源。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词provide,用副词作状语。故填globally。
2.(2024·浙江·二模)It is believed that by arranging things(appropriate), one can haronize the energies of the natural world.

高中语法:12-构词法(含答案)

高中语法:12-构词法(含答案)
目录
CONTENTS
1
第十二讲 构词法
01 转化法 02 派生法 03 合成法 04 其他法 05 针对训练
1. 动词转化为名词 | 2.名词转化为动词 | 3. 形容词 转化为动词 | 4. 形容词转化为名词
1. 前缀 | 2. 后缀
1. 合成名词 | 2. 合成形容词 | 3. 合成动词 | 4.合成 副词
7
目录
PART TWO
派生法
8
二、派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新 词叫作派生法。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般 改变词类,很少引起词义的变化。
9
目录
二、派生法
1 前缀
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
常见的有dis,un-,im-,in-,il,ir,mis,non 等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常
1. 截短法 | 2. 混合法 | 3. 首字母缩略法
I. 单句语法填空 | II. 单句改错 | III. 翻译句子 | IV. 语法填空 | V. 短文改错
目录
转化法
PART ONE
2
一、 转化法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用 作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
28
目录
针对训练
29
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ___r_e_g_u_l_a_rl_y____ (regular).(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) 2.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____a_b_il_it_y_____ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) 3 . The river was so polluted that it ____a_c_t_u_a_ll_y____ (actual) caught fire and burned.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ) 4.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and __d_is_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_e_d__ (disappoint).(2014·全国卷Ⅱ) 5.___O__b_v_io_u_s_l_y___ (obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is interesting.

英语构词法讲解及练习

英语构词法讲解及练习

名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时,测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀: un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
-ed surprised, balanced, talented -ing interesting, outstanding
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词:

第19讲:语法满分冲刺17:巧用构词法猜测词义

第19讲:语法满分冲刺17:巧用构词法猜测词义

构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位,如:Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

如:We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如:Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

备战高考英语考点08构词法(含解析)(2021年整理)

备战高考英语考点08构词法(含解析)(2021年整理)

考点08 构词法高考频度:★★★★★构词法一派生法1。

形容词变副词的后缀4.在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。

常见的表示"人"的后缀有:5.6.7.1。

(2018年新课标卷I·语法填空) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non—runners。

2.(2018年新课标卷I·语法填空)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do。

But otherwise, it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes。

Running is cheap,easy and it’s always___69___(energy)。

【答案】68. strengthen 69。

energetic【解析】68. 考查词形转化。

锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉.此处to是不定式符合,其后用动词原形。

故填strengthen.69。

考查词形转化。

跑步总是让人充满活力的。

根据it’s可知,系动词后用形容词作表语.故填energetic。

3。

(2018年新课标卷II·语法填空)A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.【答案】actually【解析】句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因.句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子.故填actually。

(完整版)英语构词法练习题

(完整版)英语构词法练习题

(完整版)英语构词法练习题Word Form QuizPart AFill the blanks using the words below. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb).1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A. sadlyB. sadnessC. saddenD. sad4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.A. chemistryB. chemicalC. chemistD. physician5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A. leadB. leaderC. leadingD. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words;a 600-wordsB. 600-word;a 600-wordsC. 600 words;a 600-wordD. 600 words;a 600-words10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgmentC. judgeD. judgement15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A. longerB. lengthC. longD. longing17.To my ________,I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness18. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken19. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is reallya ________.A. foolish;foolishly;foolB. fool;foolish;foolC. foolish;fool;foolD. foolishly;foolish;fool20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.A. valuableB. valueC. valuelessD. unvaluable21. There were________fish in the river in South America.A. in dangerB. dangerC. dangerousD. dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.A. soundB. silentC. silenceD. sounded23. The child looked at me________.A. strangerB. strangelyC. strangeD. strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A. freeB. freelyC. freedomD. frees25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonableB. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by28.Mr Black is an ________in the army,not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.A. official;officer;officeB. officer;office;officialC. official;official;officialD. officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smokin g if you want to keep ________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier30.________ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. DishonestPart BUse the word at the end of each gap to form a new word with which to fill the gap. While doing this exercise, look for clueswhich tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb). Make sure to take into consideration forms using various prefixes and suffixes, as well as negative forms.We earn our_____________ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ____________ (COMPETE) with people all across the Earth. Profound and _________ (POWER) forces are shaking and _________ (MAKE) our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has already ___________ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to ____________ (COMPETITION) and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to ____________ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their _____________ (FREE), and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.Some Tips1.V-ing和V-ed 作形容词时的差别表示情感的及物动词如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry 等,其分词常加上后缀-ing或-ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词),用作表、定、状或补语。

第07讲 构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)含解析

第07讲 构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)含解析

第07讲构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)第07讲构词法目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (1)02 知识导图.思维引航 (2)03 考点突破.考法探究 (4)考点一派生法 (5)知识点1 解题时派生词的判断依据 (5)知识点2 前缀、否定前缀和否定后缀 6知识点3 名词后缀 7知识点4 形容词后缀 (9)知识点5 副词后缀 (10)知识点6 动词后缀10考点二合成法 (11)知识点1 合成名词11知识点2 合成形容词 (11)知识点3 合成动词、副词及其他12考点三转化法 (13)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (14)阅读理解中对构词法的考查..... .. (14)语法填空中对构词法的考查 (14)2.命题演练 (15)复习目标:、具备根据语境推断词性及意思的能力;掌握构词法的三大规则:派生、合成和转换;掌握构词法,提高阅读速度,提高核心素养;具备根据句法知识判断句子成分并判断其词性,然后准确写出正确形式的能力;考点概述:许多英语单词的构词都有一定的规律,这种规律被成为构词法。

掌握构词法知识对考生更好的理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。

意义中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。

【高考导航】1.(2024年浙江1月高考阅读理解D片段)We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value— a feeling of reward and satisfaction.2. (2023年新高考I卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.考点一派生法知识点1 派生词的判断依据1.冠词、物主代词等词类后一般跟名词。

(高中英语2019版) 基础保分篇 第八讲 构词法讲与练 新人教版(含答案)

(高中英语2019版) 基础保分篇 第八讲 构词法讲与练 新人教版(含答案)

第八讲构词法李仕才读语篇,悟语法。

反复朗读下列短文,领悟画线黑体部分。

思考:画线的单词有什么特点?各种前缀如何用?各种前缀表示什么意思?单词加了前缀后词性有没有变化?John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove[1]of each other, for there was some misunderstanding[2] between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt’s home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye-bye!”to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn’t hear it and he thought John misbehaved[3]himself for it was impolite[4]to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn’t listen to him. From then on, John was unfriendly[5] to his father, which made his father extremely unhappy[6]. Undoubtedly[7], it is unwise[8] of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich[9]his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable[10]him to be a good-mannered boy. John’s father said he was angry at his son’s dishonesty[11],which would certainly endanger[12]his future. His father’s nonstop[13]nonsense caused John much discomfort[14]. John had to go to the class. Later on,he did everything against his father’s will.1.dis-表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. What's the meaning of "blackboard"?black+boardA.black 黑色的,board 木板,合成词“blackboard”意为黑板。

2.The classroom is very bright. What's the meaning of "classroom"?class+roomA.class 班级、课,room 房间,合成词“classroom”意为教室。

3.The schoolbag is heavy. What's the meaning of "schoolbag"?school+bagA.school 学校,bag 包,合成词“schoolbag”意为书包。

4.The football field is very large. What's the meaning of "football"?foot+ballA.foot 脚,ball 球,合成词“football”意为足球。

5.The playground is full of students. What's the meaning of "playground"?play+groundA.play 玩,ground 地面,合成词“playground”意为操场。

6.The notebook is on the desk. What's the meaning of "notebook"?note+bookA.note 笔记,book 书,合成词“notebook”意为笔记本。

7.The pencil case is very beautiful. What's the meaning of "pencilcase"?pencil+caseA.pencil 铅笔,case 盒子,合成词“pencil case”意为铅笔盒。

(完整word版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习

(完整word版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习

高中英语构词法讲解与练习一. 类别:英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二. 定义与精讲1. 转化法:英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

(1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,Let's go out for a walk.②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,Let's have a swim.(2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位,Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,She nursed her husband back to health. ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词:有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

We will try our best to better our living conditions.4)副词转化为动词:有少数副词可以转化为动词。

Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,You should be dressed in black at the funeral.②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下:The old in our village are living a happy life.2.派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

高中英语构词法教案、说课稿、课堂练习

高中英语构词法教案、说课稿、课堂练习

Word Formation构词法Time:Place:Presenter:Subject:Word FormationTeaching aim:Help Ss learn the usage of word formation.Teaching difficult points:Let Ss master the usage of DerivationStep 1 .Lead-inGet student to look at some pictures and show their English expressions. Then get students to know word formation will be learned in this period.派生法(Derivation)构词法转化法(Conversion)合成法(Compounding)Step2. DiscoveryGet students to discover different rules about word formation by analysing some typical situations.Situation1:butterfly football ice cream mobile phone watermelon mankinddowntown worn out roller coaster hard-working passer-byearthquake eggplant laptop sleep-walker color- blind1. 合成名词Compound words2. 合成形容词3. 合成动词及合成副词Situation2:disagree illegal impatient unfriendly anti- Japan superman mini-skirtsubway internet forecast microwave recycle enlarge postgraduateteacher artist imagination happiness purify humorous lengthen comfortable thankful homeless carefullyStep3. PracticeDivide students into groups to finish the following exercise.(1). Write out the original words.dislike v. ________impossibility n. ________unfriendly adj.__________misunderstanding n. _______translator n. ________(2). 按括号内的要求改写下列单词agree(反义)_____ nation(形容词)_____farm(人)________ recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________ hope(形容词)_____home(形容词) ________ true(名词)_______amuse(名词)_______ attract(形容词)_____(3).写出所给单词的正确形式。

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。

词性的转换有两种方法:转化法和缀合法(派生法)。

一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法,即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类,后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法,一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。

转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。

转化法主要分为如下四种类型:1. 动词转化为名词。

多用来表示一次性动作,或与动作相关的事物。

①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。

swim原为动词“游泳”。

②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。

answer原为动词“回答”。

2. 名词转化为动词。

这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关,也是修辞。

例如:①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。

wolf.原为名词“狼”。

②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。

nurse.原为名词“护士”。

3. 形容词转化为动词。

①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。

black 原为形容1 / 16词“黑色的”。

②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。

empty原为形容词“空的”。

4. 形容词转化为名词。

即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。

例如:①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色(的)。

red原为形容词“红色的”。

②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.人勤劳而勇敢。

高中英语构词法讲解

高中英语构词法讲解

高中英语构词法讲解高中英语构词法讲解(一):转化法(conversion)在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试试。

They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。

The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。

4. 形容词转化为名词He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。

The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了?6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。

His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他的辩论中含有太多的如果和但是。

高中英语构词法讲解(二):合成法(composition)由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。

高中英语构词法专题复习(含有习题和答案)

高中英语构词法专题复习(含有习题和答案)

高中英语构词法专题复习(含有习题和答案)1.I wrote him a letter to show my________(appreciate)of his thoughtfulness.2.The first tomb was built at the_____(begin)of the 15th century.3.Painting is a______(create)process.4.For our homework tonight,we have to write a_____(describe)of the street where we live.5.The_____(discover)of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich.6.I’d just like to____(emphasis)how important it is for people to learn foreign languages.7.My grandfather is as__(energy)as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all.8.The first lesson was very_______(enjoy)----I liked it a lot!9.These discoveries proved the______(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between700,000and200,000years ago.10.A smile is the universal___________(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease.11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being________________(fashion).12.The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will_______(hope)have been solved by the end of next week.13.The accused man proved his__________(innocent)of the crime.14.The government’s new scheme is designed to help the_________(job).15.The days start to__________(long)in March.16.__________(Luck),Peter didn’t get the job.17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from _________(lonely)18.Stop your______________(mean)chatter,boys. You are wasting time.19.How lucky he was!He won the lottery(彩票)and now he is a__________(million).20.They had the___________(fortune)to be hit bya violent storm.21.He lives in a__________(mountain)district,where traffic is extremely inconvenient.22.I am so full that I couldn’t eat another____________(mouth).23.We must pay special attention to the___________(mystery)stranger.24.Try to act____________(nature),even if you are tense.25.Public spending___________(necessary)affects the economy.26.After the race,I felt my heart beating___________(violence).27.The baby was sleeping__________(peace).28.He showed us___________(person)around the factory.29.It gives me great_________(please)to welcome our speaker.30._________(Polite)costs nothing and gains everything.31.The____________(popular)of professionalsports has been increasing steadily.32.You’ll have a____________(profession) photographer with you to take photographs.33.She has the right____________(qualify)for the job.rge___________(quantity)of fish have been caught.35.We shouldn’t have__________(race) discrimination.36.The price of this dress is____________(reason).I can’t afford it.37.Easter is an important__________(region)and social festival in Christian countries.38.It goes without________(say)that the proposal will be accepted.39.I left eleven years later,with my school leaving certificate,and a_(scholar)to study at Oxford.40.During_________(science)experiments,she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.41.There is no__________(similar)between Tom andme.42.His bad behavior cost his mother many__________(sleep)nights.43.Anger left him__________(speech).44.It was a race against time to stop people dying from___________(starve).45.Difficulties__________(strong)the mind,as labor does the body.46.A positive outlook is vital to dealing_________(success)with the crisis in adolescence and old age in our life.47.It is a colorless,odorless and________(taste) gas,slightly heavier than air.48.He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed________(true)sorry.49.This wounded soldier was___________(conscious) from his loss of blood50.It's_________(believe)that the event repeated itself years later in the same place.51.Overpopulation is a________(universe)problem.52.More and more people choose to shop in asupermarket as it offers a great___(vary)of goods.53.The_______(arrive)of migrant workers into the capital had seen Beijing’s population reach17.4 million.54..Besides,many newspapers are printed daily and can offer the readers__(rely)information.55.Girls make up only a small_____(percent)of students in computer science classes.56.I live in Hollywood.You may think people in such an________(attract),fun-filled place are happier than others.Maybe that is because you haven’t noticed the _________(happy)they’ve concealed from you.57.Ma also accepted a pair of pandas from China.In 2006,Taipei Zoo applied(申请)to host the pandas, Tuantuan and Yuanyuan,from the mainland.But the Taiwan government didn't allowtheir____________(apply).58.Firstly,it_________(able)the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promote___________(friend)and mutual understanding.59.Loss and___(separate)are often what you findbehind a child acting out in school.60.By saving money,people give themselvesmore__________(secure).61.Star sapphires and other___________(value) jewels worth a total of one million dollars are on show behind glass.62..If time could be turned back,allow me to take you back to December26,2004.___________(tradition), it is a time for family gathering,a time for___________(celebrate).63.Because of the__________(popular)of TV and computers,they are getting much less exercise than before.64.“I would have no_________(object),”said the wolf,“if I could only get a place.”65.Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading________(able).65.An ounce of luck is better than a poundof__________(wise).66.Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging ___________(behave)of30dogs,catching theirresponses to a range of stimuli(刺激物)with video cameras.67.Another_______________(convenience)feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age, and knowledge.68.Health problems are________(close)connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.69.You may_______(like)some types of food because they do not look,smell or taste very nice.70.What is more,it is true that computers can make________(decide),but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate.71.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused on race,________(equal)and social justice,the themes of the book.72.As I lined up for the start I glanced at the flag. It moved______(gentle)now.73.Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability(能力).They feel________(hope)about it.74.An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life ismore_________(harmony)than it has ever been in the past.75.The____________(inform)gained helped up in determining where special attention should be paid in our course.76.In the following account,she recalls the job that challenged her___________(imagine))and skill but left her flying high.77.A thousand words will not leave so deep an___________(impress)as one deed.78.And I included only those books over a hundred pages in_________(long).79.Keep your eyes wide openbefore____________(marry),and half shut afterwards.80.Reading comprehension can’t be____(dependent)from the knowledge of writing.81.______________(music)often called him Pops,asa sign of respect for his influence(影响)on the worldof music.82.The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet________(own)fines of up to$598if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.83.So far,scientists have named about1.8million living species(物种),and that’s just a small number of what___________(probable)exists on Earth.84.Men can do nothing withoutits____________(permit),and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.85.The best__________(prepare)for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.86.He answered me____________(rude)and said he would not come back.87.As his university was aware of the_________(significant)of his work,they gave him free time to do this research.88.Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian and __(Spain)culture and art can be seen.89.The best time to visit NZ is from November toApril---summer time in the________(south)hemisphere.90.Jo went to New York and became__________(succeed)in her writing and had the____________(satisfy)of seeing her work published there.91._________(like)other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program,at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program!92.The smell is,as usual,almost_________(bear), being a mixture of sweat,seal oil fat,and dirty underwear.构词法练习1(易)自查答案:1.appreciation2.beginning3.creative4. description5.discovery6.emphasize7.energetic8.enjoyable9.existence10.facial11.fashionable12.hopefully13.innocence14. jobless15.lengthen16.unluckily17.loneliness18.meaningless19. millionaire20.misfortune21.mountainous22.mouthful23.mysterious24.naturally25.necessarily26.violently 27.peacefully28.personally29.pleasure30.Politeness31.popularity32.professional33. qualification34.quantities35.racial36.unreasonable37. religious38.saying39.scholarship40.scientific41.similarity42. sleepless43.speechless44.starvation45.strengthen46.successfully47. tasteless48.truly49.unconscious50.unbelievable51.universal52. variety53.arrival54.reliable55.Percentage56.attractive/ happiness57.applications58.enables/friendship59.separation60.security 61.valuable62.Traditionally/celebrations63. popularity64.objection/ability65.wisdom66.behaviour67.convenient68.closely 69.dislike70.decisions71.equality72.gently73. rmation76.imagination 77.impression78.length79.marriage80.independent81.Musicians82.owners83.probably 84.permission85.preparation86.rudely87.significance88.Spanish89.southern90.successful 91.Unlike92.unbearable练习2Ⅰ.单项填空1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child,sohis________is heavier than Mount Tai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5.The three-________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.To everyone’s________,the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A.600words;a600-wordsB.600-word;a600-wordsC.600words;a600-wordD.600words;a600-words10.No one should enter the spot withoutthe________of the police.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.You must come with us to the police________.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests witha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The________ordered him to pay a$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?telytesttertter16.The Great Wall is more than6000li in________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.To my________,I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canada is mainly an________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________he is!He is always acting________.He is really a________.A.foolish;foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;foolC.foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool20.The necklace that she lost is veryexpensive.It’s of great________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.There were________fish in the river in South America.A.in dangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.The letter“b”in the word“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.The child looked at me________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.What you said sounded________but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.We have to learn________technology from other countries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.The children live in a village________.They come here almost every day.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.near by28.Mr Black is an________in the army,notan________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________.A.official;officer;officeB.officer;office;officialC.official;official;officialD.officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.It sounds like a good plan,but there are some________difficulties in carrying it out.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.His father possesses a________factory,which does most of the pollution to this river.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some________reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.It’s________to persuade him to give up smoking. He’s very stubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dan caught two________birds in the wood last week and they are still________in the cage.A.alive;liveB.live;liveC.live;aliveD.alive;alive36.The doctor said that the old man’s condition was________and that they had tried their best.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Ann felt so________that she could hardly open her eyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.We stood there________at the________sight.A.frightened;frightfulB.frightening;frightfulC.fright;frighteningD.frightful;fright39.The doctor’s advice________him from drinking and smoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged[参考答案]1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB 16-20BAAAB21-25CBBCA26-30DADBA31-35BBCCC36-39 DAAD。

高中英语构词法精讲ppt课件

高中英语构词法精讲ppt课件
op • examination→exa
m • kilogram→kilo • laboratory→lab • taxicab→taxi
• 3)截头去尾 • influenza→flu • refrigerator→fridg
e • prescription→scri
pt
32
5.混合法(混成法)
• -able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的), -ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive, -less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。例如:
21
nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的
7
4)副词转化为动词
• 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如: • Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将
败露。
8
5)形容词转化为名词
• ①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如: • You should be dressed in black at the
funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的 child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的 22
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容 词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于 表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如:
• see-through透明的
25
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高中英语构词法讲解与练习一. 类别:英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二. 定义与精讲1. 转化法:英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

(1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,Let's go out for a walk.②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,Let's have a swim.(2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位,Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,She nursed her husband back to health.④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词:有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

We will try our best to better our living conditions.4)副词转化为动词:有少数副词可以转化为动词。

Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,You should be dressed in black at the funeral.②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下:The old in our village are living a happy life.2.派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

1)前缀:除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。

例如:appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。

例如:alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy使高兴internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁telephone电话2)后缀:英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。

后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一……),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。

differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演员mouth口→mouthful一口music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。

例如:wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。

例如:nature自然→natura l自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。

例如:angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towa rds朝……,向……east东方→eastward向东(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。

例如:six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十常见词缀一览表A、名词后缀词缀含义例词-er 人或工具teacher cooker-or 人actor visitor-ist ……者,……家artist communist-man 人postman Frenchman-(i)an 人;……国人musician American-eer ……者,……家engineer mountaineer-ee 受……者employee trainee-ese ……地方/国人Chinese Japanese-mate 有……关系的人workmate roommate-ance 性质或状态appearance attendance-ence 行为或性状difference independence-ing feeling greeting-tion education information-sion television revision-ment 行为的结果/方式development equipment-age carriage marriage-dom 状态;领域freedom kingdom-ness 性质;状态happiness loneliness-graph 文字;书写telegraph autograph(亲笔签名)-hood 身份;地位;生活状况girlhood childhood-ics 学科或某种活动politics physics-phone 重视声音的工具telephone microphone(麦克风)-ship 状态;身份;职务friendship -mate 有……关系的人workmate roommate-ism ……主义Marxism Leninism(列宁主义)-ery discovery slavery-al arrivalB、形容词后缀词缀含义例词-able 显示……性质或特点的可被……的,适于……的comfortable suitable-ible 显示……性质或特点的可被……的,适于……的terrible horrible(恐怖的)-al ……的,有……性质的national musical-ant 有……性质的,人servant important-ent 有……性质的different intelligent(聪明的)-ary 有……性质的necessary ordinary-ive 有……倾向的;有……性质的active native-y 多……的,有巨……的easy cloudy-ed (感到)……的excited disappointed-ing (令人)……的exciting disappointing-ese ……地方或国家的Chinese Vietnamese(越南的)-ful 充满……的,具有……性质的careful beautiful-ian ……地方或国家人的Asian Australian-ish 像/有点……一样的selfish childish-less 没有……的freeless, careless-like 像……的godlike childlike-ly 具有……性质或特点的;第……次的lovely yearly(每年一次的)-ous 具有……性质的famous desirous-en 用……做成的woolen wooden-some 易于……的;会引起……的troublesome tiresome(厌烦的)-er 较……的happier luckier-est 最……的happiest luckiest-ory satisfactoryC、动词前缀词缀含义例词un- 不,非,无unimportant, unluckyim- 不,非,无impossiblein- 不,非,无incorrectir- 不,非,无irregularil- 不,非,无illegalnon- 不,非,无non-smoking, non-stopa- ……的afraid, asleepD、动词前缀词缀含义例词en/em- 使……变成;置于……上endanger, enjoydis- 不,非,无dislike disagreemis- 误,错mislead misunderstandre- 重新;又;再recall, rewritea- 使……arise(使上升)E、动词后缀词缀含义例词-en 使变成richen, sadden-ise/ize 使成为;变成memorize, computerize(用电脑储存)- (i)fy 使成为beautify terrifyF、副词后缀词缀含义例词-ly ……地quickly immediately-er 较……地faster harder-est 最……地fastest hardestG、其他前缀词缀含义例词anti- 反对,对抗anti-Japanese antitankbi- 每……两次的/地bi-monthly bicycletele- 远距离的telephone televisionex- 前任的;向外ex-ife exclaimfore- 预先;在前面的foretell forecastpre- 预先prepare prefix(前缀)post- 在……之后的postgraduate(研究生)inter- 在……之间internet internationalmicro- 微小的microwave microphonesuper- 超过supermarkettechn(o) - 与技术有关的technologywell- 适当地;完全地well-known well-writtenself- 自己,自身,自我,自动self-service self-confidencetrans- 转移;移植transplant translatekilo- 千kilometer kilogrammilli- 千分之milligram millimeterco- 共同,同等co-operate co-educationtri- 三,三个tricycle tricolourcom/con/col/cor- 连同,一同conduct combinemulti- 多multipleunder- 在……下面;不足;次于underground underestimate(低估)over- 在……上面;过多overhead overworkcenti- 百分之centigrade centimeterH、其他后缀词缀含义例词-self 亲自myself, oneself-cent 百分之percent-meter 米centimeter, kilometer3.4. 截短法(缩略法):截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

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