【必备资料】托福TPO阅读长难句解析及专项训练(七)
托福阅读TPO7（试题+答案+译...
托福阅读TPO7(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterraneanTPO是我们常用的托福模考工具，对我们的备考很有价值，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读TPO7(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:The Geologic History of the Mediterranean。
托福阅读原文In 1970 geologists Kenneth J.Hsu and William B.F. Ryan were collecting research data while aboard the oceanographicresearch vessel Glomar Challenger.Anobjective of this particular cruise wasto investigate the floor of theMediterranean and to resolve questions aboutits geologic history. One questionwas related to evidence that theinvertebrate fauna (animals without spines) ofthe Mediterranean had changedabruptly about 6 million years ago. Most of theolder organisms were nearlywiped out, although a few hardy species survived. Afew managed to migrate into the Atlantic.Somewhat later, the migrants returned,bringing new species with them. Why didthe near extinction and migrationsoccur?Another task for the GlomarChallenger’sscientists was to try to determine the origin of the domelikemasses buried deepbeneath the Mediterranean seafloor. These structures had beendetected yearsearlier by echo-sounding instruments, but they had never beenpenetrated in thecourse of drilling. Were they salt domes such as are commonalong the UnitedStates Gulf Coast, and if so, why should there have been somuch solidcrystalline salt beneath the floor of the Mediterranean?With question such as these clearly beforethem, thescientists aboard the Glomar Challenger processed to the Mediterraneantosearch for the answers. On August 23, 1970,they recovered a sample. Thesampleconsisted of pebbles of hardened sediment that had once been soft,deep-seamud, as well as granules of gypsum and fragments of volcanic rock. Nota singlepebble was found that might have indicated that the pebbles came fromthenearby continent. In the days following, samples of solid gypsumwererepeatedly brought on deck as drilling operations penetrated theseafloor.Furthermore, the gypsum was found to possess peculiarities ofcomposition andstructure that suggested it had formed on desert flats. Sedimentabove andbelow the gypsum layer contained tiny marine fossils, indicatingopen-oceanconditions. As they drilled into the central and deepest part oftheMediterranean basin, the scientists took solid, shiny, crystalline saltfromthe core barrel. Interbedded with the salt were thin layers of whatappeared tobe windblown silt.The time had come to formulate ahypothesis. The investigators theorized that about 20 million years ago, theMediterranean wasa broad seaway linked to the Atlantic by two narrow straits.Crustal movements closedthe straits, and the landlocked Mediterranean began toevaporate. Increasingsalinity caused by the evaporation resulted in theextermination of scores ofinvertebrate species. Only a few organisms especiallytolerant of very saltyconditions remained. As evaporation continued, the remainingbrine (salt water)became so dense that the calcium sulfate of the hard layerwas precipitated. Inthe central deeper part of the basin, the last of the brineevaporated toprecipitate more soluble sodium chloride (salt). Later, under theweight ofoverlying sediments, this salt flowed plastically upward to form saltdomes.Before this happened, however, the Mediterranean was a vast desert 3,000metersdeep. Then, about 5.5 million yearsago came the deluge. As a result ofcrustaladjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where theMediterranean nowconnects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascadedspectacularly back intothe Mediterranean.Turbulent waters tore into thehardened salt flats, brokethem up, and ground them into the pebbles observed inthe first sample taken bythe Challenger. As the basin was refilled, normalmarine organisms returned.Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate abovethe old hard layer.Thesalt and gypsum, the faunal changes, and the unusualgravel provided abundantevidence that the Mediterranean was once a desert.托福阅读试题1.The word “objective”in the passage(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA.achievementB.requirementC.purposeD.feature2.Which of the following is NOT mentionedin paragraph 1 asa change thatoccurred in the fauna of the Mediterranean?A.Most invertebrate species disappearedduring a wave of extinctions.B.A few hardy species wiped out many of theMediterranean’s i nvertebrates.C.Some invertebrates migrated to AtlanticOcean.D.New species of fauna populated theMediterranean when the old migrants returned.3.1.Whatdoes the author imply by saying“Not a single pebble was found that might have indicated that thepebbles came from the nearby continent”?(paragraph 3)A.The most obvious explanation for theorigin of the pebbles was not supported by the evidence.B.The geologists did not find as manypebbles as they expected.C.The geologists were looking for aparticular kind of pebble.D.The different pebbles could not have comefrom only one source.4.Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 3 about the solidgypsum layer?A.It did not contain any marine fossil.B.It had formed in open-ocean conditions.C.It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.D.It contained sediment from nearbydeserts.5.Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph3 that identify materialsdiscovered in the deepest part of the Mediterraneanbasin. To receive credityou must select TWO answers.A.Volcanic rock fragmentsB.Thin silt layersC.Soft, deep-sea mudD.Crystalline salt6.What is the main purpose of paragraph 3?A.To describe the physical evidencecollected by Hsu and RyanB.To explain why some of the questionsposed earlier in the passage could not be answered by the findings of theGlomar ChallengerC.To evaluate techniques used by Hsu andRyan to explore the sea floorD.To describe the most difficult problemsfaced by the Glomar Challenger expedition7.According to paragraph 4, which of thefollowing was responsible for theevaporation of the Mediterranean’s waters?A.The movements of Earth’s crustB.The accumulation of sediment layersC.Changes in the water level of theAtlantic OceanD.Changes in Earth’s temperature8.The word “scores”in the passage(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toA.membersrge numbersC.populationsD.different types9.According to paragraph 4, what causedmost invertebrate species in theMediterranean to become extinct?A.The evaporation of chemicals necessaryfor their survivalB.Crustal movements that connected theMediterranean to the saltier AtlanticC.The migration of new species through thenarrow straitsD.Their inability to tolerate theincreasing salt content of the Mediterranean10.Which of the sentences below bestexpresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage(paragraph 4) ? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leaveout essential information.A.The strait of Gibraltar reopened when theMediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water fromone sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B.The Mediterranean was dramaticallyrefilled by water fromthe Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faultingopened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C.The cascades of water from the Atlanticto the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments andfaulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to thoseseas.D.As a result of crustal adjustments andfaulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic andMediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascadesof water between them.11.The word “Turbulent”in the passage(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toA.FreshB.DeepC.ViolentD.Temperate12. Look at the four squares [■] thatindicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Thus,scientists had information about the shape of the domes but not about theirchemical composition and origin.■【A】Another task for theGlomar Challenger’s scientists was totry to determine the origin of thedomelike masses buried deep beneath theMediterranean seafloor. ■【B】These structures had been detected years earlierby echo-soundinginstruments, but they had never been penetrated in the courseof drilling. ■【C】Were theysalt domes such as are common alongthe United States Gulf Coast, and if so, whyshould there have been so muchsolid crystalline salt beneath the floor of theMediterranean? ■[D】Where would the sentence best fit?13. Direction: An introductory sentence fora brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in thepassage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideasthat are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion is worth 2 points.An expedition to the Mediterranean answeredsome long-standing questionsabout the ocean’s history.A.The Glomar Challenger expeditioninvestigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features.B.Researchers collected fossils todetermine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species.C.Scientists aboard the Glomar Challengerwere the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath theseafloor.D.Samples recovered from the expeditionrevealed important differences in chemical composition and fossil distributionamong the sediment layers.E.Evidence collected by the GlomarChallenger supports geologists' beliefs that the Mediterranean had evaporatedand become a desert, before it refilled with water.F.Mediterraneansalt domes formed after crustal movements opened the straits between theMediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean refilled with water.托福阅读答案1.C2.文第四句话说到“Most of theolder organisms were nearly wiped out(大部分更加古老的生物都几乎灭绝了)”对应选项A;第五句说到“A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic(一些物种成功地迁移到了大西洋)”，对应选项C;第六句说到“the migrants returned, bringing new species with them(这些物种又回到了地中海，并带回新的物种)”，对应选项D。
托福阅读第三篇tpo75R -3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
托福阅读第三篇tpo75R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识原文 (1)译文 (4)题目 (7)答案 (13)背景知识 (14)原文Seismic Waves①Seismic waves-energy waves produced by earthquakes-permit scientists to determine the location,thickness,and properties of Earth's internal zones.They are generated when rock masses are suddenly disturbed,such as when they break or rupture.Vibrations spread out in all directions from the source of the disturbance, traveling at different speeds through parts of Earth's crust and interior that differ in chemical composition and physical properties.The principal categories of these waves are primary,secondary,and surface. All three types of waves are recorded on an instrument called a seismograph.②Primary waves,or P-waves,are the speediest of the three kinds of waves and therefore the first to arrive at a seismograph station after there has been an earthquake.They travel through the upper crust of Earth at speeds of4to5kilometers per second,but near the base of the crust they speed along at6or7kilometers per second.In these primary waves,pulses of energy are transmitted as a succession of compressions and expansions that parallel the direction of propagation of the wave itself.Thus,a given segment of rock set in motion during an earthquake is driven into its neighbor and bounces back.The neighbor strikes the next particle and rebounds and subsequent particles continue the motion.Vibrational energy is an accordion-like push-pull movement that can be transmitted through solids,liquids and gases.Of course,the speed of Pwave transmission will differ in materials of different density and elastic properties.③Secondary waves,or S-waves,travel1to2kilometers per second slower than do P-waves.Unlike the movement of P-waves,rock vibration in secondary waves is at right angles to the direction of propagation of the energy.This type of wave is easily demonstrated by tying a length of rope to a hook and then shaking the free end.A series of undulations will develop in the rope and move toward the hook-thatis,in the direction of propagation.Any given particle along the rope, however,will move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation.It is because of their more complex motion that S-waves travel more slowly than Pwaves.They are the second group of oscillations to arrive at a seismograph station.Unlike Pwaves, secondary waves will not pass through liquids or gases.④Both P-and S-waves are sometimes also termed body waves because they are able to penetrate deep into the interior or body of our planet.Body waves travel faster in rocks of greater elasticity,and their speeds therefore increase steadily as they move downward into more elastic zones of Earth's interior and then decrease as they begin to make their ascent toward Earth's surface.The change in velocity that occurs as body waves invade rocks of different elasticity results in a bending or refraction of the wave.The many small refractions cause the body waves to assume a curved travel path through Earth.⑤Not only are body waves subjected to refraction,but they may also be partially reflected off the surface of a dense rock layer in much the same way as light is reflected off a polished surface.Many factorsinfluence the behavior of body waves.An increase in the temperature of rocks through which body waves are traveling will cause a decrease in velocity,whereas an increase in confining pressure will cause a corresponding increase in wave velocity.In a fluid where no rigidity exists,S-waves cannot propagate and P-waves are markedly slowed.⑥Surface waves are large-motion waves that travel through the outer crust of Earth.Their pattern of movement resembles that of waves caused when a pebble is tossed into the center of a pond.They develop whenever P-or S-waves disturb the surface of Earth as they emerge from the interior.Surface waves are the last to arrive at a seismograph station.They are usually the primary cause of the destruction that can result from earthquakes affecting densely populated areas.This destruction results because surface waves are channeled through the thin outer region of Earth,and their energy is less rapidly scattered into the large volumes of rock traversed by body waves.译文地震波①地震波是由地震产生的能量波，它们使科学家能够确定地球内部区域的位置、厚度和性质。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文7--2 Ancient Rome and Greece
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO7(试题+答案+译文)第2篇:Ancient Rome and Greece托福阅读原文There is a quality of cohesiveness aboutthe Roman worldthat applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any othercivilization, ancientor modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were heldtogether both by theregularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerfulRoman cement, so thevarious parts of the Roman realm were bonded into amassive, monolithic entityby physical, organizational, and psychologicalcontrols. The physical bondsincluded the network of military garrisons, whichwere stationed in everyprovince, and the network of stone-built roads thatlinked the provinces withRome. The organizational bonds were based on thecommon principles of law andadministration and on the universal army ofofficials who enforced commonstandards of conduct. The psychological controlswere built on fear andpunishment—on the absolute certainty that anyone oranything that threatenedthe authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.The source of Roman obsession with unityand cohesion maywell have lain in the pattern of Rome’s early development.Whereas Greece hadgrown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from onesingleorganism.While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean seaslanes, theRoman world was assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, thecontrast isnot quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the Greeks had found thegreatestterritorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they movedoutsideItaly, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet theessentialdifference is undeniable. The key to the Greek world lay in itshigh-poweredships; the key to Roman power lay in its marching legions. TheGreeks werewedded to the sea; the Romans, to the land. The Greek was a sailorat heart;the Roman, a landsman.Certainly, in trying to explain the Romanphenomenon, onewould have to place great emphasis on this almost instinct forthe territorialimperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization,exploitation, and defenseof their territory. In all probability it was thefertile plain of Latium,where the Latins who founded Rome originated, thatcreated the habits andskills of landed settlement, landed property, landedeconomy, landedadministration, and a land-based society. From this arose theRoman genius formilitary organization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachmentto theland, and to the stability which rural life engenders, fostered theRomanvirtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, pietas, a sense of devotiontofamily and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order.Modern attitudes to Roman civilizationrange from theinfinitely impressed to the thoroughly disgusted. As always,there are thepower worshippers, especially among historians, who arepredisposed to admirewhatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the mightof Rome than to thesubtlety of Greece. At the same time, there is a solid bodyof opinion thatdislikes Rome. For many, Rome is at best the imitator and thecontinuator ofGreece on a larger scale. Greek civilization had quality; Rome,mere quantity.Greece was original; Rome, derivative. Greece had style; Rome hadmoney. Greecewas the inventor; Rome, the research and development division.Such indeed wasthe opinion of some of the more intellectual Romans. “Had theGreeks heldnovelty in such disdain as we,” asked Horace in his epistle, “whatwork ofancient date would now exist?”Rome’s debt to Greece was enormous. TheRomans adoptedGreek religion and moral philosophy. In literature, Greek writerswereconsciously used as models by their Latin successors. It wasabsolutelyaccepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek. Inspeculativephilosophy and the sciences, the Romans made virtually no advance onearlyachievements.Yet it would be wrongto suggest that Romewas somehow a junior partner in Greco-Roman civilization.The Roman genius wasprojected into newspheres—especially into those of law,military organization,administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensionsthat arose within theRoman state produced literary and artistic sensibilitiesof the highest order.It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers andstatesmen were writersof high caliber.托福阅读试题1.Which of the sentences below bestexpresses the essential informationin the highlighted sentence in the passage(paragraph 1) ? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leaveout essential information.A.The regularity and power of stone wallsinspired Romans attempting to unify the parts of their realm.B.Although the Romans used different typesof designs when building their walls, they used regular controls to maintaintheir realm.C.Several types of control united the Romanrealm, just as design and cement held Roman walls together.D.Romans built walls to unite the variousparts of their realm into a singleentity, which was controlled by powerfullaws.2.According to paragraph 1, all of thefollowing are controls that heldtogether the Roman world EXCEPTA.administrative and legal systemsB.the presence of the militaryC.a common languageD.transportation networks3.The phrase “obsessionwith” in the passage(paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA.thinking aboutB.fixation onC.interest inD.attitude toward4.According to paragraph 2, which of thefollowing was NOT characteristicof Rome’s early development?A.Expansion by sea invasionB.Territorial expansionC.Expansion from one original settlementD.Expansion through invading armies5.Why does the author mention “Alexanderthe Great” in the passage? (paragraph 2)A.To acknowledge that Greek civilizationalso expanded by land conquestB.To compare Greek leaders to Roman leadersC.To give an example of Greek leader whomRomans studiedD.To indicate the superior organization ofthe Greek military6.The word “fostered”in the passage(paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.acceptedbinedC.introducedD.encouraged7.Paragraph 3 suggests which of thefollowing about the people of Latium?A.Their economy was based on traderelations with other settlements.B.They held different values than thepeople of Rome.C.Agriculture played a significant role inthe society.D.They possessed unusual knowledge ofanimal instincts.8.Paragraph 4 indicates that somehistorians admire Roman civilizationbecause ofA.the diversity of cultures within RomansocietyB.its strengthC.its innovative natureD.the large body of literature that itdeveloped9.In paragraph 4, the author develops adescription of Roman civilizationbyparing the opinions of Romanintellectuals to Greek intellectualsB.identifying which characteristics ofRoman civilization were copied from GreeceC.explaining how the differences betweenRoman and Greece developed as time passedD.contrasting characteristics of Romancivilization with characteristics of Greek civilization10.According to paragraph 4, intellectualRomans such as Horace held whichof the following opinions about theircivilization?A.Ancient works of Greece held little valuein the Roman world.B.The Greek civilization had been surpassedby the Romans.C.Roman civilization produced little thatwas original or memorable.D.Romans valued certain types ofinnovations that had been ignored by ancient Greeks.11.The word “spheres” in thepassage(paragraph 5) is closest in meaning toA.abilitiesB.areasbinationsD.models12.Which of the following statements aboutleading Roman soldiers andstatesmen is supported by paragraphs 5 and 6?A.They could read and write the Greeklanguage.B.They frequently wrote poetry and plays.C.They focused their writing on militarymatters.D.They wrote according to the philosophicallaws of the Greeks.13. Look at the four squares [■] thatindicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Theyesteem symbols of Roman power, such as the massive Colosseum.Modern attitudes to Roman civilizationrange from the infinitelyimpressed to the thoroughly disgusted. ■【A】As always,there are the powerworshippers, especiallyamong historians, who arepredisposed to admire whatever is strong, who feelmore attracted to the mightof Rome than to the subtlety of Greece. ■【B】At the sametime, there is a solid body ofopinion that dislikes Rome. ■【C】For many,Rome is at best the imitator and thecontinuator of Greece on a larger scale. ■【D】Greekcivilization had quality; Rome, mere quantity.Greece was original; Rome,derivative. Greece had style; Rome had money. Greecewas the inventor; Rome, theresearch and development division. Such indeed wasthe opinion of some of themore intellectual Romans. “Had the Gr eeks heldnovelty in such disdain as we,”asked Horace in his epistle, “what work ofancient date would now exist?”Where would the sentence best fit?14. Direction: An introductory sentence fora brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in thepassage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideasthat are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion worth 2 points.The Roman world drew its strength fromseveral important sources.A.Numerous controls imposed by Roman rulersheld its territory together.B.The Roman military was organizeddifferently from older military organizations.C.Romans valued sea power as did theLatins, the original inhabitants of Rome.D.Roman values were rooted in a strongattachment to the land and the stability of rural life.E.Rome combined aspects of ancient Greekcivilization with its own contributions in new areas.catedRomans modeled their own literature and philosophy on the ancient Greeks.托福阅读答案1.C2.C3.原文该单词所在句子为:"Thesource of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in thepattern of Rome’s early development." 可以理解为: "罗马人对整体性和团结的执着来自于罗马早期的发展。
托福阅读TPO长难句分析
托福阅读TPO长难句分析今天我们就以举例来托福托福阅读TPO长难句：举例1If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.分析：1 并列复合句2 if引导的条件状语从句分句1：the pores（主） are （系）large（表）分句2：the water（主） in them（定） will exist（谓） as drops （状）too heavy for surface tension to hold（定）分句3：it （主）will drain away（谓）分句4： if the pores are small enough,分句5：the water（主） in them （定）will exist （谓）as thin films（状）, too light to overcome the force of surface tension（定） holding them in place（定）分句6： the water （主）will be firmly held（谓）翻译：空隙很大，其中的水会以雨滴的形式存在，重力足以克服表面张力，水会流走；但是如果空隙足够小，水会以薄片的形式存在，重力不足以克服表面的张力，因此水会被稳稳地保存在空隙表面举例2For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.分析：并列复合句分句2：Nevertheless引导的并列句分句3：That引导定语从句分句1：some early societies（主） ceased to（谓） consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them（宾）分句2： they（主） retained （谓）as parts of their oral tradition （状）the myths （宾）and admired（谓） them（宾） for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness（状）分句3：the myths （主）that had grown up （谓）around the rites（状）翻译：比如，早期的一些科学家已经不再认为一些宗教仪式对他们的幸福生活是必要的，并且抛弃了这些仪式。
托福阅读考试的长难句解析
托福阅读考试的长难句解析蒸汽印刷厂相关At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather thanthirty. (31, TPO6)参考翻译：同时，第一批通过蒸汽运行而不是通过手动的蒸汽印刷厂的操作者们发现在一个小时内生产一千张纸是有肯能的`，而不需要三十小时。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词和非谓语动词。
At the same time, operators of the first printing presses (run by steam) rather than (by hand) found it possible (to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty.)分析：修饰一：(run by steam) ，非谓语动词，修饰printing presses，大家注意这里的run不是谓语动词，而是后面的found，这里易混中文：通过蒸汽运行修饰二：(by hand)，介词短语，修饰printing presses，注意rather than，超级高频短语，之前也碰到过了，它是一个介词，“而不是”中文：而不是通过手托福阅读长难句解析之蒸汽印刷厂相关长难句汇总图2修饰三：(to produce a thousand pages in anhour rather than thirty.) ，非谓语，it指代这里的内容中文：生产一千张纸在一个小时内而不需要三十小时。
主干：operators found it possible大气引擎相关This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery andvastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionaryprinciples, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. (43, TPO6)embody /ɪm'bɒdɪ/ v. 体现(想法�p 感情等)，使(想法�p 感情等)具体化;包括或含有某物revolutionary /'rɛvə'lʊʃə'nɛri/ adj. 革命的employ = make use of sb/sth 使用参考翻译：这个由Thomas Savery发明并由他的搭档Thomas Newcomen大力改善的“大气引擎”体现了革命性的原理，但它如此慢和浪费燃料以致于不能再煤矿的以外的地方使用，尽管原来是这么设计的。
【四六级】TPO 07阅读详细解析——【英语阅读提高TPO 阅读详细解析】
TPO 07 Paragraph 11．The wordin thepassage is closest in meaning to○achievement○requirement○purpose○feature2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a change that occurred in the fauna of the Mediterranean?○Most invertebrate species disappeared during a wave ofextinctions.○A few hardy species wiped out many of the Mediterranean’sinvertebrates.○Some invertebrates migrated to Atlantic Ocean.○New species of fauna populated the Mediterranean whenThe Geologic History ofthe MediterraneanIn 1970 geologists Kenneth J. Hsu and William B.F. Ryan were collecting research data while aboard the oceanographicresearch vessel Glomar Challenger. An of this particular cruise was to investigate the floor of the Mediterranean and to resolve questions about its geologic history. One question was related to evidence that the invertebrate fauna (animals without spines) of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million years ago. Most of the older organisms were nearly wiped out, although a few hardy species survived. A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic. Somewhat later, the1the old migrants returned.Paragraph 33．What does the author imply by○The most obvious explanation for the origin of the pebbles was not migrants returned, bringing new species with them. Why did the near extinction and migrations occur?■Another task for the Glomar Challenge r’s scientists was to try to determine the origin of the domelike masses buried deep beneath the Mediterranean seafloor. ■These structures had been detected years earlier by echo-sounding instruments, but they had never been penetrated in the course of dri lling. ■Were they salt domes such as are common along the United States Gulf Coast, and if so, why should there have been so much solid crystalline salt beneath the floor of the Mediterranean? ■With question such as these clearly before them, the scientists2supported by the evidence.○The geologists did not find as many pebbles as they expected.○The geologists were looking for a particular kind of pebble.○The different pebbles could not have come from only one source.4．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer?○It did not contain any marine fossil.○It had formed in open-ocean conditions.○It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.○It contained sediment from nearby deserts.5. Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit aboard the Glomar Challenger processed to the Mediterranean to search for the answers. On August 23, 1970, they recovered a sample. The sample consisted of pebbles of gypsum and fragments of volcanicIn the days following, samples of solid gypsum were repeatedly brought on deck as drilling operations penetrated the seafloor. Furthermore, the gypsum was found to possess peculiarities of composition and structure that suggested it had formed on desert flats. Sediment above and below the gypsum layer contained tiny marine fossils, indicating open-ocean conditions. As they drilled into the central and deepest part of the Mediterranean basin, the3you must select TWO answers.○Volcanic rock fragments.○This silt layers○Soft, deep-sea mud○Crystalline salt6. What is the main purpose of paragraph 3?○To describe the physical evidence collected by Hsu and Ryan.○To explain why some of the questions posed earlier in the passage could not be answered by the findings of the Glomar Challenger.○To evaluate techniques used by Hsu and Ryan to explore the sea floor.○To describe the most difficult problems faced by the GlomarChallenger expedition.Paragraph 47. According to paragraph 4, which of the following was responsible for the evaporation of the Mediterranean’s scientists took solid, shiny, crystalline salt from the core barrel. Interbedded with the salt were thin layers of what appeared to be windblown silt.The time had come to formulate a hypothesis. The4waters?○The movements of Earth’s crust○The accumulation of sediment layers○Changes in the water level of the Atlantic Ocean○Changes in Earth’s temperature8. The word “scores” in the passage is closest in meaning to○members○large numbers○populations○different types9. According to paragraph 4, what caused most invertebrate species in the Mediterranean to become extinct?○The evaporation of chemicals necessary for their survival○Crustal movements that connected the Mediterranean to the investigators theorized that about 20 million years ago, the Mediterranean was a broad seaway linked to the Atlantic by two narrow straits. Crustal movements closed the straits, and the landlocked Mediterranean began to evaporate. Increasing salinity caused by the evaporation resulted in the extermination ofof invertebrate species. Only a few organisms especially tolerant of very salty conditions remained. As evaporation continued, the remaining brine (salt water) became so dense that the calcium sulfate of the hard layer was precipitated. In the central deeper part of the basin, the last of the brine evaporated to precipitate more soluble sodium chloride (salt). Later, under the weight of overlying sediments, this salt flowed plastically upward to5saltier Atlantic○The migration of new species through the narrow straits○Their inability to tolerate the increasing salt content of theMediterranean10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.○The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.○The cascades of water from the form salt domes. Before this happened, however, the Mediterranean was a vast desert 3,000 meters deep. Then, about 5.5 million years ago came the deluge.tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger. As the basin was refilled, normal marine organisms returned. Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.The salt and gypsum, the faunal changes, and the unusual gravel provided abundant6Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.○As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.11. The word “Turbulent” in the passage is closest in meaning to○fresh○deep○violent○temperateParagraph 212. Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Thus, scientists had information about the shape of the domes but not evidence that the Mediterranean was once a desert.gypsum: a mineral made of calcium sulfate and water7about their chemical composition and origin.Where would the sentence best fit?13．An expedition to the Mediterranean answered some long-standing questions about the ocean’s history.●●●Answer choices1. The Glomar Challenger expedition investigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features.2. Researchers collected fossils to determine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species.3. Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger were the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath the seafloor.4. Samples recovered from the■Another task for the Glomar Challenger’s scientists was to try to determine the origin of the domelike masses buried deep beneath the Mediterranean seafloor. ■These structures had been detected years earlier by echo-sounding instruments, but they had never been penetrated in the course of drilling. ■Were they salt domes such as are common along the United States Gulf Coast, and if so, why should there have been so much solid crystalline salt beneath the floor of the Mediterranean? ■8旗开得胜expedition revealed importantdifferences in chemical composition andfossil distribution among the sedimentlayers.5. Evidence collected by the GlomarChallenger supports geologists' beliefsthat the Mediterranean had evaporatedand become a desert, before it refilledwith water.6. Mediterranean salt domes formedafter crustal movements opened thestraits between the Mediterranean andthe Atlantic, and the Mediterraneanrefilled with water.9旗开得胜10Paragraph 11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○The regularity and power of stone walls inspired Romans attempting to unify the parts of their realm.○Although the Romans used different types of designs when building their walls, they used regular controls to maintain their realm.○Several types of control united the Roman realm, just as design and cement held Roman walls together.○Romans built walls to unite the various parts of their realm into a single entity, which was controlled by powerful laws.2. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are controls that held together the roman world EXCEPTAncient Rome and GreeceThere is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The psychological controls were built on fear and punishment —on the absolute certainty○administrative and legal systems○the presence of the military○a common language○transportation networksParagraph 23.The phrase “obsession with” in the passage is closest in meaning to○thinking about○fixation on○interest in○attitude toward4.According to paragraph 2, which of the following was NOT characteristic of Rome’s early development?○Expansion by sea invasion○T erritorial expansion○Expansion from one original settlement ○Expansion through invading armies5.Why does the author mention “Alexander the Great” in the passage?○T o acknowledge that Greek civilization that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Rome’s early development. Whereas Greece had grown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from one single organism. While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean seas lanes, the Roman world was assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they moved outside Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is undeniable. The Key to the Greek world lay in its high-11also expanded by land conquest○T o comp are Greek leaders to Roman leaders○T o give an example of Greek leader whom Romans studied○T o indicate the superior organization of the Greek militaryParagraph 36.is closest in meaning to○accepted○combined○introduced○encouraged7.Paragraph 3 suggests which of thefollowing about the people of Latium?○Their economy was based on trade relations with other settlements.○They held different values than the people of Rome.○Agriculture played a significant r ole in the society. powered ships; the key to Roman power lay in its marching legions. The Greeks were wedded to the sea; the Romans, to the land. The Greek was a sailor at heart; the Roman, a landsman.Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on this almost instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization, exploitation, and defense of their territory. In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a12○They possessed unusual knowledge of animal instinctsParagraph 48.Paragraph 4 indicates that somehistorians admire Roman civilization because of○the diversity of cultures within Roman society○its strength○its innovative nature○the large body of literature that it developed9.In paragraph 4, the author develops adescription of Roman civilization by○comparing the opinions of Roman intellectuals to Greek intellectuals○identifying which characteristics of roman civilization were copied from Greece○explaining how the differences between Roman and Greece developed as time passed○contrasting characteristics of Roman land-based society. From this arose the Roman genius for military organization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders,the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, peitas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order.Modern attitudes to Roman civilization range from the infinitely impressed to the thorough disgusted. ■As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are predisposed to admire whatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to the subtlety of Greece. ■At the same time, there is a solid body of opinion that dislikes Rome. ■For many, Rome is at best the imitator and the continuator of Greece on a larger scale. ■Greek civilization had quality; Rome,13civilization with characteristics of Greek civilization10.According to paragraph 4, intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions about their civilization?○Ancient works of Greece held little value in the Roman world.○The Greek civilization had been surpassed by the Romans.○Roman civilization produced little that was original or memorable.○Romans valued certain types of innovations that had been ignored by ancient Greeks.Paragraph 5mere quantity. Greece was the inventor; Rome, the research and development division. Such indeed was the opinion of some of the more intellectual Romans.” had the Greeks held novelty in such disdain as we,” asked Ho race in his Epistle, “what work of ancient date would now exist?”Rome’s debt to Greece was enormous. The Romans adopted Greek14Paragraph 611.The wordin thepassage is closest in meaning to○abilities○areas○combinations○models12.Which of the following statements about leading Roman soldiers and statesmen is supported by paragraphs 5 and 6?○They could read and write the Greek language.○They frequently wrote poetry and plays.○They focused their writing on military matters.○They wrote according to the philosophical laws of the Greeks.Paragraph 413.Look at the four squares ■ that religion and moral philosophy. In literature, Greek writers were consciously used as models by their Latin successors. It was absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek. In speculative philosophy and the sciences, the Romans made virtually no advance on early achievements.Yet it would be wrong to suggest that Rome was somehow a junior partner in Greco-Roman civilization. The Roman genius was projected into newespecially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensions that arose within the Roman state produced literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.15indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.They esteem symbols of Roman power, such as the massive Colosseum. Where would the sentence best fit?14.The Roman world drew its strength from several important sources●●●Answer choices1. Numerous controls imposed by Roman rulers held its territory together.2. The Roman military was organized differently from older military organizations.3. Romans valued sea power as did the Latins, the original inhabitants of Rome.4. Roman values were rooted in a strong attachment to the land and the stability of rural life.5. Rome combined aspects of ancient Greek civilization with its own contributions in new areas. civilization range from the infinitely impressed to the thorough disgusted. ■As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are predisposed to admire whatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to the subtlety of Greece. ■At the same time, there is a solid body of opinion that dislikes Rome. ■For many, Rome is at best the imitator and the continuator of Greece on a larger scale. ■Greek civilization had quality; Rome, mere quantity. Greece was the inventor; Rome, the research and development division. Such indeed was the opinion of some of the more intellectual Romans.” had the Greeks held novelty in such166. Educated Romans modeled their own literature and philosophy on the ancient Greeks disdain as we,” asked Horace in his Epistle, “what work of ancient date wo uld now exist?”17Paragraph 11.The wordin thepassage is closest in meaning to○emerged○was understood○spread○developed2.According to paragraph 1, why do researchers doubt that agriculture developed independently in Africa?○African lakes and rivers already provided enough food for people to survive without agriculture.○The earliest examples of cultivated plants discovered in Africa are native to Asia.○Africa’s native plants are very difficult to domesticate.○African co mmunities were not large enough to support agriculture.无老师网站:ibtsat3.In paragraph 1, what does theAgriculture, Iron, andthe Bantu PeoplesThere is evidence of agriculture in Africa prior to 3000 B.C. It may have developed independently, but many scholars believe that the spread of agriculture and iron throughout Africa linked it to the major centers of the Near East and Mediterranean world. The drying up of what is now the Sahara desert had pushed many peoples to the south into sub-Sahara Africa. These peoples settled at first in scattered hunting-and-gathering bands, although in some places near lakes and rivers, people who fished, with a more secure food supply, lived in larger population concentrations. Agriculture seems to have reached these people from the Near East, since the first domesticated crops were millets and sorghums whose18author imply about changes in the African environment during this time period?○The climate was becoming milder, allowing for a greater variety of crops to be grown.○Although periods of drying forced people south, they returned once their food supply was secure.○Population growth along rivers and lakes was dramatically decreasing the availability of fish.○A region that had once supported many people was becoming a desert where few could surviveParagraph 24.According to paragraph 2,camels were important because they ○were the first domesticated animal to be introduced to Africa○allowed the people of the West African savannahs to carve out large empires origins are not African but west Asian. Once the idea of plantingtheir own crops, such as certain varieties of rice, and they demonstrated a continued receptiveness to new imports. The proposed areas of the domestication of African crops lie in a band that extends from Ethiopia across southern Sudan to West Africa. Subsequently, other crops, such as bananas, were introduced from Southeast Asia.Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats.19○helped African peoples defend themselves against Egyptian invaders○made it cheaper and easier to cross the Sahara5.According to paragraph 2, which of the following were subjects of rock paintings in the Sahara?○Horses and chariots○Sheep and goats○Hyksos invaders from Egypt○Camels and cattleParagraph 36.What function does paragraph 3 serve in the organization of the passage as a whole○It contrasts the development of iron technology in West Asia and West Africa. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560 B.C.) and then spread across the Sudan to West Africa. Rock paintings in the Sahara indicate that horses and chariots were used to traverse the desert and that by 300-200 B.C., there were trade routes across the Sahara. Horses were adopted by peoples of the West African savannah, and later their powerful cavalry forces allowed them to carve out large empires. Finally, the camel was introduced around the first century A.D. This was an important innovation, because the camel’s abilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carry large loads cheaply made it an effective and efficient means of transportation. The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more20○It discusses a non-agricultural contribution to Africa from Asia.○It introduces evidence that a knowledge of copper working reached Africa and Europe at the same time.○It compares the rates at which iron technology developed in different parts of Africa.Paragraph 47.The wordin thepassage is closest in meaning to ○fascinating○far-reaching○necessary○temporary8.Theword in thepassage is closest in meaning to ○military○physical○ceremonial accessible, route of trade and communication.Iron came from West Asia, although its routes of diffusion were somewhat different than those of agriculture. Most of Africa presents a curious case in which societies moved directly from a technology of stone to iron without passing through the intermediate stage of copper or bronze metallurgy, although some early copper-working sites have been found in West Africa. Knowledge of iron making penetrated into the forest and savannahs of West Africa at roughly the same time that iron making was reaching Europe. Evidence of iron making has been found in Nigeria, Ghana, and Mali.This technological shift causein the complexity of African societies. Iron21○permanent9.According to paragraph 4, all of the following were social effects of the new metal technology in Africa EXCEPT: ○Access to metal tools and weapons created greater social equality.○Metal weapons increased the power of warriors.○Iron tools helped increase the food supply.○T echnical knowl edge gave religious power to its holders.Paragraph 510.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○While American iron makers developed the latest furnaces, African iron makers continued using earlier represented power. In West Africa the blacksmith who made tools and functions. Iron hoes, which made the land more productive, and iron weapons, which made the warrior more powerful, had symbolic meaning in a number of West Africa societies. Those who knew the secrets of making ironand sometimes political power.22techniques.○Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.○Iron making developed earlier in Africa than in the Americas because of the ready availability of carbon and iron ore.○Both Africa and the Americas developed the capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed at a slower rate.Paragraph 611.The wordin thepassage is closest in meaning to○afraid of○displaced by○running away from○responding to12.Paragraph 6 mentions all of the following as possiblecauses of theright into the Iron Age, taking the basic technology and adapting it to local; conditions and resources.The diffusion of agriculture and later of iron was accompanied by a great movement of people23“Bantu explosion” EXCEPT○superior weapons○better hunting skills○peaceful migra tion○increased populationParagraph 613.Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.T hese people had a significant linguistic impact on the continent as well.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Agriculture and iron working probably spread to Africa from neighboring regions.●●●Answer choices who may have carried these innovations. These people probably originated in eastern Nigeria. ■Their migration may have been set in motion by an increase in population caused by a movement ofthe desiccation, or drying up, of the Sahara. ■They spoke a language, prior-Bantu (“Bantu” means “the people”), which is the parent tongue of a language of a large number of Bantu languages still spoken throughout sub-Sahara Africa. Why and how these people spread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery, but archaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquer their hunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements. ■Still, the process is uncertain, and peaceful migration—or simply rapid241 .Once Africans developed their own crops, they no longer borrowed from other regions.2. The harshness of the African climate meant that agriculture could not develop until after the introduction of iron tools.3. The use of livestock improved transportation and trade and allowed for new forms of political control.4. As the Sahara expanded, the camel gained in importance, eventually coming to have religious significance.5. The spread of iron working had far-reaching effects on social, economic, and political organization in Africa.6. Today's Bantu-speaking peoples are descended from a technologically advanced people who spread throughout Africa. demographic growth—may have also caused the Bantu explosion. ■25。
TPO7 阅读解析
The Geologic History of the Mediterranean1.与单词objective在文中意思最接近的是（Vocabulary Question）a) Achievement （成就）b) Requirement （要求）c)Purpose（目的）d) Feature （特色）解析：objective n.目标，目的；2.以下哪项没在第一段中作为地中海植物群系的变化而提到（Negative FactualInformation Question）a)大多数无脊椎动物都在第一波灭绝时期消失了。
b)那些强悍的物种灭掉了很多地中海无脊椎动物。
c)一些无脊椎动物迁移到大西洋。
d)当老移民回来时，新的植物物种占据了地中海。
解析：段落第四句“Most of the older organisms were nearly wiped out, although a few hardy species survived.”意思是：大多以前的生物都灭绝了，尽管一些强悍的生物活了下来。
因此选项一正确。
第五句“A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic.”意思是：一些动物努力迁移到了大西洋。
因此选项三正确；第六句“Somewhat later, the migrants returned, bringing new species with them.”意思是：不久之后，移民回来了，还带来了一些新物种。
只有选项三没有提到。
3.作者说“没发现一个有迹象可能来自临近大陆的卵石”是想暗示什么？（InferenceQuestion）a)卵石起源最明显的解释没有证据支持。
b)地质学家没发现他们预期的那么多卵石。
c)地质学家在寻找一种特别的卵石。
d)不同的卵石不可能来自同一个源头。
解析：之所以作者要说找到的卵石没有一个是来自临近大陆的，是因为最简单的解释就是前一句提到的pebbles of gypsum和fragments of volcanic rock是来自其他大陆的。
托福长难句120句解析
托福长难句120句解析1. 英语中的长难句往往给学习者带来困惑和挑战。
2. 本文将为大家解析120个托福长难句，帮助大家更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的句子。
3. 第一句：Although he had studied hard, he still failed the test.4. 这个句子是一个典型的虽然...但是...的结构，虽然他努力学习，但仍然没有通过考试。
5. 这种结构在托福阅读和听力中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。
6. 第二句：Not only did he win the competition, but he also broke the record.7. 这个句子是一个典型的不仅...而且...的结构，他不仅赢得了比赛，而且还打破了纪录。
8. 在托福写作和口语中，我们也可以使用这种结构来增强句子的表达能力。
9. 第三句：It was not until midnight that he finished his work.10. 这个句子是一个典型的直到...才...的结构，直到午夜他才完成了工作。
11. 这种结构在托福考试中经常出现，所以我们要熟悉并运用这种句子结构。
12. 第四句：The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain.13. 这个句子是一个典型的越...越...的结构，你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。
14. 在托福阅读和写作中，我们可以使用这种结构来增强句子的比较和对比效果。
15. 第五句：Despite the rain, they still went hiking in the mountains.16. 这个句子是一个典型的尽管...但是...的结构，尽管下雨，他们仍然去爬山。
17. 这种结构在托福听力和口语中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。
18. 第六句：As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect."19. 这个句子是一个典型的正如谚语所说，"熟能生巧"。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文7--3 Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO7(试题+答案+译文)第3篇:Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples托福阅读原文There is evidence of agriculture in Africaprior to 3000B.C. It may have developed independently, but many scholarsbelieve that thespread of agriculture and iron throughout Africa linked it tothe major centersof the Near East and Mediterranean world. The drying up ofwhat is now theSahara desert had pushed many peoples to the south intosub-Sahara Africa.These peoples settled at first in scatteredhunting-and-gathering bands,although in some places near lakes and rivers,people who fished, with a moresecure food supply, lived in larger populationconcentrations. Agricultureseems to have reached these people from the NearEast, since the firstdomesticated crops were millets and sorghums whose originsare not African butwest Asian. Once the idea of planting diffused, Africansbegan to develop theirown crops, such as certain varieties of rice, and theydemonstrated a continuedreceptiveness to new imports. The proposed areas of thedomestication ofAfrican crops lie in a band that extends from Ethiopia acrosssouthern Sudan toWest Africa. Subsequently, other crops, such as bananas, wereintroduced fromSoutheast Asia.Livestock also came from outside Africa.Cattle wereintroduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats.Horses wereapparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560B.C.) and thenspread across the Sudan to West Africa. Rock paintings in theSahara indicatethat horses and chariots were used to traverse the desert andthat by 300-200B.C., there were trade routes across the Sahara. Horses wereadopted by peoplesof the West African savannah, and later their powerfulcavalry forces allowedthem to carve out large empires. Finally, the camel wasintroduced around thefirst century A.D. This was an important innovation,because the camel’sabilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carrylarge loads cheaplymade it an effective and efficient means of transportation.The cameltransformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, butmoreaccessible, route of trade and communication.Iron came from West Asia, although itsroutes of diffusionwere somewhat different than those of agriculture. Most ofAfrica presents acurious case in which societies moved directly from atechnology of stone toiron without passing through the intermediate stage ofcopper or bronzemetallurgy, although some early copper-working sites have beenfound in WestAfrica. Knowledge of iron making penetrated into the forest andsavannahs ofWest Africa at roughly the same time that ironmaking was reachingEurope.Evidence of iron making has been found in Nigeria, Ghana, and Mali.This technological shift cause profoundchanges in thecomplexity of African societies. Iron represented power. In WestAfrica theblacksmith who made tools andweaponshad an important place insociety, often with special religious powers andfunctions. Iron hoes, whichmade the land more productive, and iron weapons,which made the warrior morepowerful, had symbolic meaning in a number of WestAfrica societies. Those whoknew the secrets of making iron gained ritual andsometimes political power.Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgywas a very lateand limited development, Africans had iron from a relativelyearly date,developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed forproductionand to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron orenecessaryfor making iron. Much of Africa moved right into the Iron Age, takingthe basictechnology and adapting it to local conditions and resources.Thediffusion ofagriculture and later of iron was accompanied by a great movementof people whomay have carried these innovations. Thesepeople probablyoriginated in easternNigeria. Their migration may have been set in motion by anincrease inpopulation caused by a movement of peoples fleeing the desiccation, ordryingup, of the Sahara. They spoke a language, proto-Bantu (“Bantu” means“thepeople”), which is the parent tongue of a language of a large number ofBantulanguages still spoken throughout sub-Sahara Africa. Why and how thesepeoplespread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery,butarchaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquertheirhunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements. Still,theprocess is uncertain, and peaceful migration—or simply rapid demographicgrowth—mayhave also caused the Bantu explosion.托福阅读试题1.The word “diffused”in the passage(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA.emergedB.was understoodC.spreadD.developed2.According to paragraph 1, why doresearchers doubt that agriculturedeveloped independently in Africa?A.African lakes and rivers already providedenough food for people to survive without agriculture.B.The earliest examples of cultivatedplants discovered in Africa are native to Asia.C.Africa’s native plants are very difficultto domesticate.D.African communities were not large enoughto support agriculture.3.In paragraph 1, what does the authorimply about changes in the African environment during this time period?A.The climate was becoming milder, allowingfor a greater variety of crops to be grown.B.Although periods of drying forced peoplesouth, they returned once their food supply was secure.C.Population growth along rivers and lakeswas dramatically decreasing the availability of fish.D.A region that had once supported manypeople was becoming a desert where few could survive.4.According to paragraph 2, camels wereimportant because theyA.were the first domesticated animal to beintroduced to AfricaB.allowed the people of the West Africansavannahs to carve out large empiresC.helped African peoples defend themselvesagainst Egyptian invadersD.made it cheaper and easier to cross theSahara5.According to paragraph 2, which of thefollowing were subjects of rockpaintings in the Sahara?A.Horses and chariotsB.Sheep and goatsC.Hyksos invaders from EgyptD.Camels and cattle6.What function does paragraph 3 serve inthe organization of the passageas a whole?A.It contrasts the development of irontechnology in West Asia and West Africa.B.It discusses a non-agriculturalcontribution to Africa from Asia.C.It introduces evidence that a knowledgeof copper working reached Africa and Europe at the same time.D.It compares the rates at which irontechnology developed in different parts of Africa.7.The word “profound”in the passage(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toA.fascinatingB.far-reachingC.necessaryD.temporary8.The word “ritual”in the passage(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toitaryB.physicalC.ceremonialD.permanent9.According to paragraph 4, all of thefollowing were social effects of thenew metal technology in Africa EXCEPT:A.Access to metal tools and weapons createdgreater social equality.B.Metal weapons increased the power ofwarriors.C.Iron tools helped increase the foodsupply.D.Technical knowledge gave religious powerto its holders.10.Which of the sentences below bestexpresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage(paragraph 5) ? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leaveout essential information.A.While American iron makers developed thelatest furnaces, African iron makers continued using earlier techniques.B.Africans produced iron much earlier thanAmericans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.C.Iron making developed earlier in Africathan in the Americas because of the ready availability of carbon and iron ore.D.Both Africa and the Americas developedthe capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed at aslower rate.11.The word “fleeing”in the passage(paragraph 6) is closest in meaning toA.afraid ofB.displaced byC.running away fromD.responding to12.Paragraph 6 mentions all of thefollowing as possible causes of the“Bantu explosion” EXCEPTA.superior weaponsB.better hunting skillsC.peaceful migrationD.increased population13. Look at the four squares ■thatindicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Thesepeople had a significant linguistic impact on the continent as well.The diffusion of agriculture and later ofiron was accompanied by agreat movement of people who may have carried theseinnovations. These peopleprobably originated in eastern Nigeria. ■【A】Theirmigration may have been set in motion by anincrease in population caused by amovement of peoples fleeing the desiccation,or drying up, of the Sahara. ■【B】They spoke alanguage, proto-Bantu (“Bantu”means “thepeople”), which is the parent tongue of a language of a large number ofBantulanguages still spoken throughout sub-Sahara Africa. Why and how thesepeoplespread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery,butarchaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquertheirhunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements. ■【C】Still, theprocess is uncertain, and peacefulmigration—or simply rapiddemographic growth—may have also caused the Bantuexplosion. ■【D】Where would the sentence best fit?14. Direction: An introductory sentence fora brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in thepassage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideasthat are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion is worth 2 points.Agriculture and iron working probablyspread to Africa from neighboringregions.A.Once Africans developed their own crops,they no longer borrowed from other regions.B.The harshness of the African climatemeant that agriculture could not develop until after the introduction of irontools.C.The use of livestock improvedtransportation and trade and allowed fornew forms of political control.D.As the Sahara expanded, the camel gainedin importance, eventually coming to have religious significance.E.The spread of iron working hadfar-reaching effects on social, economic, and political organization in Africa.F.Today'sBantu-speaking peoples are descended from a technologically advanced people whospread throughout Africa.托福阅读答案1.C2.B3.D4.D5.A6.B7.B8.C9.A10.B11.C12.B13.B14.CEF。
托福TPO1-6阅读长难句整理
托福TPO1-6阅读长难句整理智课⽹TOEFL备考资料托福TPO1-6阅读长难句整理摘要：托福TPO是考⽣备考托福的必备材料。
想要提⾼托福阅读能⼒，很多考⽣会选择托福TPO作为练习材料。
⽽TPO阅读中常常出现长难句，解析困难，成为阅读障碍。
因此集中决绝TPO中的长难句就成为迫在眉睫的问题。
⼏乎所有考⽣都会采⽤TPO来练习托福阅读，在TPO阅读中⼀直困扰考⽣的难题⽆⾮就是⽣词和长难句，对于⽣词我们可以通过提⾼词汇量来解决，⽽对于长难句除了不断练习分析外并没有什么特别好的办法。
TPO1：Groundwater1. The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever asediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land,dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositingthe sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.2. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, thedeposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inlandat some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimesthousands of meters thick.3. In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bedof a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water's uppersurface (the water table)， the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars,will be saturated with groundwater.4. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged withcementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved bypercolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any timeafterwards.5. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease withwhich water can flow througha material; this depends on the sizes of the individualcavities and the crevices linking them.6. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tensionto hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them willexist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them inplace; then the water will be firmly held.TPO2：Desert Formation1. The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.2. In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced programof land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.TPO2：The Origins of Cetaceans1. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functionalboth on land and at sea)， it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.2. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.TPO3：Architecture1. In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws,have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.2. The arch was used by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for underground drains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensively in aboveground structures.TPO3：Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer1. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimetera year.2. This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.3. The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.TPO4：Cave Art in Europe1. The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.2. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.3. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food.TPO4：Deer Populations of the Puget Sound1. Wildlife zoologist Helmut Buechner(1953)， in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that “since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the。
TPO7阅读详细答案
he Geologic History of the Mediterranean2、B 否定事实信息题题干：下列地中海动物群发生的变化中，哪一项在文章的第一段中没有被提到？A.大部分无脊椎物种在灭绝浪潮中消失B.一些生命力顽强的物种消灭了地中海许多无脊椎动物C.一些无脊椎物种迁徙到了大西洋D.当原来的物种回到地中海时，新的动物种群已在地中海区域出现解题：原文第四句话说到“Most of the o lder organisms werenearly wiped out（大部分更加古老的生物都几乎灭绝了）”对应选项A；第五句说到“A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic（一些物种成功地迁移到了大西洋）”，对应选项C；第六句说到“the migrants returned, bringing new species with them（这些物种又回到了地中海，并带回新的物种）”，对应选项D。
第一段中没有提到 B 选项，故答案是B选项。
3、A 推理题题干：作者说“在被发现的样品中，没有一个表明这些细砾来自于邻近的大陆”是想暗示：A.关于细砾起源的最明显的解释没有得到证据支持B.地质学家找到的细砾没有他们预想的那么多C.地质学家在寻找一种特殊的细砾D.不同的细砾一定不会来自于同一个地方解题：推理题考察的是文中没有明确说到的内容，需要经过推理。
选项B、C、D在文中均没有任何线索体现。
对于选项A，如果我们在阅读文章时，能够比较好的关注上下文，我们会发现：在原文之中第二段，文中提及“它们是像美国海湾海岸一带的含盐圆顶状巨块" ---美国海湾的东西怎么会突然出现在了地中海区域？于是对于这些地中海的大巨块，最简单的解释是他们来自美洲湾。
既然第二段提出了问题，第三段做出相应的回答，因此第三段的内容应该与第二段的问题是有联系的，支持或者反对。
而现在的这句话（“在被发现的样品中，没有一个表明这些细砾来自于邻近的大陆”），当然打破了这个最为明显的可能解释---关于巨大的块儿起源的解释。
托福阅读TPO长难句汇总
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读TPO长难句汇总摘要：想要提高托福阅读能力，很多考生会选择托福TPO作为练习材料。
而TPO阅读中常常出现长难句，解析困难，成为阅读障碍。
在此，智课教育小编为大家整理了托福TPO1-26中的阅读长难句，阅读能力较高的同学，可以借此机会测试一下自己的真实能力。
托福阅读长难句是阅读考试的重点和难点，想要充分理解长难句最好的办法就是不断分析，因此我们为大家准备了10个托福阅读考试中出现过的长难句，并附有翻译解析，考生们可以参考。
1.0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired，Americans turned to foreign sculptors，as inthe1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt.在少数情况下，当需要一件精美的雕刻品时，就像1770年纽约与南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿城委托英国人约瑟夫.威尔顿制造威廉.皮特的大理石雕像一样，美国人求助于外国人。
2.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy，desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height，and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles.沙漠哺乳动物并不试图将体温控制得很低，因为这么做将会涉及水和能量的消耗，而是允许体温上升到平常是高烧的温度——有人在格兰特羚羊身上曾测到高达46摄氏度的体温。
托福阅读真题集锦(七).docx
托福阅读真题集锦（七）PASSAGE 13Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, al 1 the rocks meiking up its crust may we 11 have been igneous and t hus the em cos tors of all other rocks. Even to day, approxiniatcl)^ 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth5 s interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface it self. This material cools into a wide varie ty of ign eous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will refl ect these differences. Tgneous rocks al so vary in texture as well as chcmistry. Granite, for instancc， is a coarsc-graincd igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow coo ling occurs when the crust is in vaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contcmporary Iandscapc, but from its coarse tcxturc we know that it must have formed throughslow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but sudde nly there al so appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.1.In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of igneous rock to support the idea thatproduced during a volcanic explosionproduced whon magma cools rapidly?graniteplutonic rockrhyolitemi neral crystalsThe word "finely" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) minutely(B) loosely(C) sensitively(D) purely8. Which of the following is emother namc for volcanic glass?(A) Plutonic rock(B) Crystal(C) Lava(D) ObsidianPASSAGE 14 (A) the Ear th began as a molten mass(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth 5 s crust(C) the mineraIs found in igneous rock are very common(D) igneous rock is continual 1y being formed2. The word "invodc" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) move into(B) neutralize(C) cover(D) deposit3. The word "contcmporary" in line 15 is closest in meaning to vastnaturalexisting\JZ \)/ \J/ \JZ \)/ \J/ A B c D • A B c D • z(\ x/(\ z/(\ z/(\ 4A z/l\ x/(\ z/(\ z/(\ cu unevenThe word 〃it 〃 in line 16 refers togranitesurfacelandscapetextureGranite that has beenfound above ground has been pushed up from below the crust by magmagradually exposed due to pushed up by the natural erosionshifting of the EarthWhich of the following is \JZ \)/ \J/ • A B c D •Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party cemdidates. By centering politics on the person of the Candidate, tclcvision accelerated the citizcn，s focus on character rather than issues.Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and las ting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized ninctccnt h-cen tury politi cal discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who wi 11 hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news. In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditioneil political discourse of earlier ages has been lost・ In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in ques tion, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and can not examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippcts， politicians assert but do not argue.Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Relianee on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools tcach us to analyze words emd print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the politi cal activity we see on tele vision news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relationsadvisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.1. What is the main point of the passage ?(A)Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because oftelevision coverage.(B)Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.(C)Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since theintroduction of television.(D)Politics in the United States has been signifiedntly changed bytelevision.2. The word /z disseminated /z in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) analyzed(B) discussed(C) spread(D) stored3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political partieshad more influence over the seiection of political Candidates spentmore money to promote their political candidates attracted more members received more moneyThe word "accelerated" in line 5 is closest in meaning to al 1owed increased required startedThe author mentions the 〃stinnp speech" in line 7 as an exampleof an event created by politicians to attract media attention anintcractivc discussion betwecn two politiciansa kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century a style of speech common to televised political eventsThe phrase "given way in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) added interest to(B) modified(C) imitated(D) been replaced by7. The word in line 12 refers to(A) audience(B) broadcast news(C) politician(D) advertisement8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse was more successful at(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates(B) placing political issues within a historical context(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior9. The author states that 〃politicians assert but do not argue" (line 18) in order to suggest thatpoliticians(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters \J/ \JZ \JZ \J/ \JZ \JZ \J/ \JZ \JZ A B c D • A B c D • A B c D • z(\ z/(\ z(\ /(\ 4 /(\ z/(\ z(\ /(\ 5 /(\ z/(\ z(\ /(\(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens The word “Reliance” in line 21 is closest in meaning to abundanceclarification dcpcndcncc informationThe purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting ci ti zens(B) politicians who arc considcrcd very attractivc are favored by citizens over politicians who areless attractive(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not(D) citizens will need to learn how to CVQ I UQ tc visual political images in order to become betterinformed12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can(A) creatc more time to discuss political issues(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person(D) engages in debates with their opponents13. Which of the fol lowing statements is supported by the passage ?(A) Political presenteitions today arc more like advertisements than in the past.(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.(C) Citi^ens today are less informed about a politician's character them in the past.(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past. 答案：PASSAGE 13 AACAC CADPASSAGE 14 DCABC DABAC DBA • \)/ \)/ \JZ \J/ • o A B c D 1 1 /(\ /(\ z(\ z(\ 1。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
【必备资料】托福TPO阅读长难句解析及专项训练（七）
在以下的内容中为大家整理了具有代表意义的托福阅读长难句，给出了专业的语法解析、原句翻译及意群训练，作为托福备考的重要资料。
考生可以通过这些长难句的专项训练，迅速掌握阅读长难句的理解方法和做题技巧。
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential
to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of
their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired
them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious
usefulness.
托福阅读长难句类型：复杂修饰
本句的主句结构应该是 some early societies ceased to consider certain rites and
abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition and
admired them for their artistic qualities. 在 rites 后面有 essential to their
well-being 做后置定语的修饰成分，在 tradition 后面有一个 the myths that had grown up around the
rites 的同位语从句，在 artistic qualities 后面有一个 rather than for their religious
usefulness
进行转折。
同学们只要能够读出来本句的核心意思是“一些早期社会的人们取消了仪式。
虽然如此，人们还是保留了那些口头传述故事的传统，是因为出于它们的艺术性。
”
译文：
例如，一些早期社会的人们认为有的仪式对他们的幸福生活来说不再是必需品，并且取消了那些仪式。
虽然如此，人们还是保留了那些口头传述故事的传统并且热爱从这些仪式里发展起来的神话，出于它们的艺术性，而不是宗教原因。
托福阅读长难句意群训练：
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential
to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of
their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired
them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious
usefulness.。