英美文学史及经典作品选读
《英美文学简史及名篇选读》课后练习参考答案
《英美文学简史及名篇选读》课后练习参考答案《英美文学简史及名篇选读》单元练参考答案Exercises of Chapter II. XXX.1. Angles；Saxons; Jutes2.Beowulf3.French；Latin; Old EnglishII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.D2.C3.B4.E5. AIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.B4.BExercises of Chapter III. XXX.1.Utopia2.Francis Bacon3.Hamlet;Othello;King Lear;Macbeth4.classical;human activities;XXXII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I :1.D2.E3. B4. C5.APart II:6.L7.K8. I9.G10.F.11.H12. JIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C6.CExercises of Chapter III1I. XXX.1. Charles I ; Parliament2. XXX ; XXX3. King Charles II；Restoration4.XXX XXX ; XXXII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I :1.C2.D3.B4. APart II :1.H2.E3.F4.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.D4.B5.CExercises of Chapter IVI. XXX.1.Sentimentalism2.XXX XXX3.XXX FieldingII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.、XXX.DIII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.A4,E5.DExercises of Chapter VI. XXX.1798;Walter XXX’s XXX23.Walter XXXII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.E4.F5.G6.A7.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.C4.D5.BExercises of Chapter VII.XXX.1.1837；1901；remarkable；expansion；XXX contradiction between the rich and the poor; the conflicts between capitaland labour; the widespread unemployment; severe depression3.The Life of Charlotte Bronte4.Lewis Carroll；Oxford;Alice’XXX; Through theLooking-GrassII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.F2.A3.B4.C5.H6.E7.J8.K9.G10.L11.D12.IIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.D2.C3.B4.D5.B6.CExercises of Chapter VIII. XXX.1. XXX 19252. Stream of consciousness3. science fiction; XXX fiction4. Modernism5. XXX Joyce; Virginia Woolf;XXX FaulknerII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.C3.G4.E5.F6.H7.D8.A3III. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.A3.D4.D5.AExercises of Chapter VIIII. XXX.1. Booker Prize (The XXX); Full-length; English: UK2.Animal Farm；XXX Eighty-Four3. Elias Canetti; Doris Lessing; XXX; Harold PinterII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.B2.G3.C4.F5.H6.J7.A8.I9.E10.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.AExercises of Chapter IXI. XXX.1. XXX2. New England XXX3. believers ; divinity; intuition; reason4. Washington Irving; XXX;Nature;XXX’sWaldenII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.E2.B3.H4.F5.C6.G7.A8.DIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.B2.B3.D4.D5.C6.AExercises of Chapter XI. XXX.41. naturalism; realism2. International XXX3. industrialization ; XXX4. wit ; satire5. feministII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.1.C2.A3.B4.H5.F6.D7.E8.GIII. Choose the best answer for each statement.1.A2.B3.B4.D5.BExercises of Chapter XII. XXX.1. Lost Generation2.XXX O’XXXII. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.Part I :1.B2.E3.D4.A5.C。
必读英美文学经典作品20本
必读英美文学经典作品20本American Literature1、The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Howthorne《红字》霍桑著小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。
因此，它不仅是美利坚合众国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美利坚合众国心理分析小说的开创篇。
2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain《哈克贝利.芬历险记》简称《赫克》是美国文学中的珍品,也是美国文化中的珍品。
十六年前【1984】 ,美国文坛为《赫克》出版一百周年举行了广泛的庆祝活动和学术讨论,也出版了一些研究马克吐温,特别是他的《赫克》的专著。
专门为一位大作家的一本名著而举行如此广泛的纪念和专门的研究,这在世界文坛上也是少有的盛事。
这是因为《赫克》的意义不一般. 美国著名作家海明威说, "一切现代美国文学来自一本书, 即马克吐温的《赫克尔贝里芬历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。
一切美国文学都来自这本书,在它之前,或在它之后,都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。
3、The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James 《贵妇画像》亨利.詹姆斯著】美国小说家亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇画像》自问世以来一直受到文学评论界的关注，专家学者已从各个不同角度对女主人伊莎贝尔·阿切尔作了深入细致的研究。
本文试图从一个全新的视角，即跨文化交际角度，剖析伊莎贝尔在婚姻方面所作的选择。
文章指出她是该小说中跨文化交际的最大失败者，并对其失败原因作了分析。
希望在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天我们都能从伊莎贝尔的生活经历中得到某种启发。
4.Moby Dick by Herman Melville 《白鲸》麦尔维尔著小说描写了亚哈船长为了追逐并杀死白鲸莫比·迪克的经历，最终与白鲸同归于尽的故事。
自考 英美文学选读 书单
自考英美文学选读书单全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：自考英美文学选读书单：自考英美文学选读一直是自考英美文学专业的核心课程之一，对学生的文学修养和英语水平提升起着非常重要的作用。
下面给大家推荐一份【自考英美文学选读】书单，希望对大家学习和备考有所帮助。
1. 《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）- 夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte）《简·爱》是英国文学史上的经典之作，描写了主人公简·爱的一生遭遇及成长历程。
小说通过简·爱的内心世界、对生活的思考和对爱情的追求，展示了女性独立、坚强和自由的形象，被誉为女性主义文学的杰作。
2. 《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）- 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学史上的又一经典之作，讲述了伊丽莎白·班奇和达西先生之间的爱情故事。
小说通过调侃社会习俗、揭示人性弱点和倡导女性独立，展现了简·奥斯汀的精湛文学功底和对人性深刻洞察的能力。
3. 《了不起的盖茨比》（The Great Gatsby）- F·司各特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）《了不起的盖茨比》是美国文学史上的代表作之一，讲述了上世纪20年代美国高盛时期的繁荣与荒诞。
小说通过主人公盖茨比的爱情故事、社会地位和金钱的探讨，揭示了美国梦的虚幻和人性的贪婪，具有较高的文学价值和社会意义。
《呼啸山庄》是英国文学史上的经典之作，描绘了希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱恨纠葛。
小说通过家族恩怨、爱情悲剧和人性探讨，展现了勃朗特姐妹的文学才华和对人性矛盾的深刻理解。
《去吧，告诉她们，我在这里》是美国文学史上的力作之一，讲述了黑人青年约翰尼的成长经历和对信仰的追求。
小说通过种族歧视、家庭纠葛和自我认同的挣扎，反映了美国社会的种族问题和对人类命运的深刻思考。
外研社英美文学简史及名篇选读教学课件英国文学u2
A nine-line stanza consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding line of iambic hexameter, rhyming ABABBCBCC , named after English poet Edmund Spenser.
Other definition:
During the 14th and 16th centuries an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance swept Europe. It was characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classic works. The sonnet and other Italian literary influences began to appear in English literature. (谢福之，2013:67）
2. Plot and theme of The Faerie Queene :
--12 books were to describe the 12 adventures (only finished 6). Each knight represents a virtue, as Holiness, Chastity, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy. It is written in a 9-line stanza form, named Spenserian Stanza.
(3) His works paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist，Shakespeare.
英美文学简史及名篇选读
Old ages (Angles-Saxons Period)●Period: 449AD Three tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes——1066 The Norman Conquest●Beowulf: the first English epic1. Three epics: (Beowulf; Paradise Lost; White Whale)2. Epic is a long narrative poem that records the adventure of a hero, whose exploits are important to the history of a nation.3. Features: alliteration; a lot of metaphors and understatementsMedieval ages:●Period: about1066——about1500●Three languages:1. French became official language used by the king and Norman lords.2. Latin was the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities.3. Old English was used only by common English people.●Romance: describes the adventure of a knight who devoted himself to the king, the church or the lord.Eg. the best of Arthurian romance: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight●Geoffrey Chaucer1. The father of English poetry2. The founder of English realism3. The forerunner of humanism4. The first writer to use current English language; use common English words;And be interred in the “Poets’ Corner” in Westminster Abbey.●The Canterbury Tales1. describes comprehensive realistic picture of English society of his time/ panorama(ordinary daily life)2. heroic couplets（英雄双韵体）: iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步) which rhymes in pairs or couplets（双韵）●Scotland Ballad: a narrative poem written in four-line stanzas. Usually only the second and fourth lines rhyme.Eg. Get Up and Bar the Door by Robin HoodRenaissance (14-17.5): transition from medieval to modern worldItaly; literature(poetry and drama), painting, sculpture●Reasons:1. rediscovery of Roman and Greek culture2. discovery of geography and astrology3. religious reformation4. economic development●Reaching England slowly:1. separating from the Continent2. domestic unrest●Background1. The War of the Roses2. The Reformation3. The Enclosure Movement4. The Commercial Expansion●Two features1. literary spirit: humanism(keynote): human activities; Man is the measure of all things.2. literary form: classical literature especially drama: 5 acts and many scenes●Period(15.5——16——17.5)1. (beginning)Henry Ⅷ; (summit)Queen Elizabeth2. First period: imitation and assimilation(Petrarch)3. Second period: classical literature and Italy humanism●Status:1. Best representatives of humanist: William Shakespeare; Thomas More; Christopher Marlowe2. The most outstanding forms: poetry and poetic drama(William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson)3. The most famous dramatists: William Shakespeare; Christopher Marlowe; Ben Jonson●Trivial Figures:1. Wyatt introduced sonnet and Surrey introduced the blank verse to England.2. Francis Bacon: essayist; the founder of modern science; the founder of materialist philosophy; scientific method Advancement of Learning; New Instrument; Of Truth; Of Studies; Of Travel; Of Wisdom3. William Caxton: the first person to introduce printing4. Christopher Marlowe used the blank verse with mighty lines; “University Wits”;Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝5. John Donne: metaphysical poetry6. Thomas More: Utopi a meaning “no place”7. Edmund Spenser: poet’s poet;Spenserian stanza: 8 lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding line of iambic hexameter; ABAB BCBC C The Fair QueenWilliam Shakespeare1. works: 37 plays, 2 long poems and 154 sonnets(126 friendships and 28 love)2. First period: different genresRomeo and Juliet3. Second period: comediesThe Merchant of Venice; Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Night’s Dream; As You Like It4. Third period: tragedies reflects social contradictions of the age(feudalism VS capitalism)Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth5. Fourth period: (Period of Romance)The Tempest; The Winter’s Tale6. Hamlet: soliloquy; blank verse(unrhymed iambic pentameter)7. sonnet: Italian sonnet and English sonnet(three quatrains and a couplet rhyming abab cdcd efef gg)The Seventeenth Century●Three events:Bourgeois revolution(civil war) between Charles Ⅷ and the parliamentOliver Cromwell built a commonwealthThe Restoration by Charles Ⅷ.●Two features:Two groups (Milton and Cavalier poets)+ Metaphysical poetLiterature in the Puritan Age expressed rage and sadness.●John Milton(Christian humanist)His creed: the freedom of manHis grand style: sublimity of thought and majesty of expressionHe has ambition to write an epic which English would “not willingly let die”.1. Lycidas2. (prose) Areopagitica《论出版自由》; A Defense of the English People3. Paradise Lost(Restoration in 1660); Paradise Regained(Christ); Samson Agonistes(Bible or Greek literature)●Paradise Lost: 12 books; from Old Testament-Genesis; blank verseThe theme is “Fall of Man”. It tells disobedience of men and the loss of Paradise with the prime cause Satan.His intention is to expose the way of Satan and to “justify the ways God to men”.He expresses implicitly the fundamental concerns of freedom and choice.●Paradise Regained: Man shall find grace.●Samson Agonistes: bring destruction upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.While his achievements in literature not only make him tower over all the other English writers of his time, but also exert a great influence on later ones.Trivial figures:1. John Donne: metaphysical poet; The Flea (conceit/metaphor); Songs and Sonnet2. John Bunyan: Christian allegory The Pilgrim’s Process-Vanity Fair3. John Dryden: critics An Essay of Dramatic PoesyThe Eighteenth Century: The Age of ReasonThis century is the most peaceful era in Great Britain.●Three reasons for the eighteenth century1. Glorious revolution helped the bourgeoisie come to power.2. Industrial revolution and fast-expanding colonization boosted the development of capitalism.3. The Enlightenment Movement focusing on reason flourished.●Three literature trends:●Other writers:1. Sheridan：The School of Scandal●Daniel Defoe: describing the enterprising capitalist society; one of the forerunner of English realistic novelRobinson Crusoe (optimistic enterprising spirit)●Jonathan Swift: a master of pamphlet and the greatest satiristNovels: Gulliver’s Travels; Battles of the books (a satire of two-party state system); A Tale of a Tub (a satire of church)Pamphlet: A Modest Proposal (attacking the English government exploiting and draining Ireland of wealth and resources);●Henry Fielding: “father of the English novel”; Chaucer “father of the English poetry”One of founders of the English realism;giving a comprehensive picture of the life of 18th century England, from country to cityJoseph Andrew; The Story of Tom Jones, a Foundling; Amelia;●Tomas Gray: one of the leading figures of Sentimentalism; one of “Graveyard Poets”Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardPre-romanticism is to resist rationality and restraint, to call for passion and romance, and to return to medieval literature.●William Blake: Pre-romantic poet and painter; He wrote his poems in a plain, simple, and direct way.His poems often imply romantic spirit, natural sentiment and individual originality.Two collections of short lyrics: Songs of Innocence (beautiful nature, innocent children and harmonious world); Songs of Experience (more mature and gloomier darker in the theme and the tone)The Marriage between Heaven and Hell; Milton;Prophecy: The French Revolution; America●Robert Burns: Pre-romantic Scottish poet; a poet of peasants and common peopleHe was greatly influenced by Scottish folk songs.Expressing the feelings and daily life of working people and the optimism and dignity of common people Theme: fresh romantic spirit of friendship and loveA Red Red Rose; Farewell to ScotlandEnglish Literature in Romantic Age (1798-1832)●Duration: the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s joint work Lyric Ballads-the death of Walt Scott.●Reasons:1. Industrial Revolution and Enclosure Movement2. French Revolution and American Revolution●Features:1. As a violent struggle against the Enlightenment, romanticism focused on passion, individual and inner life.Romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of working class who were discontented with and opposed to the development of capitalism.Working class hailed the doctrine of “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”.●Key poets and two novelists of Romantic movement:Novelists: Walt Scott (historical novelist) and Jane Austin (realistic female novelist)●William Wordsworth: “Laureate Poet”; poet of natureExperience: roaming in free area→touring in Europe and witnessing the French revolution→full of sympathy for the lives of common peopleLyric Ballads; Lucy Poems; in Two V olumes; The Excursion; The Prelude;She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; The Solitary Reaper●George Gordon Lord Byron: “Byronic Heroes” who are man with fiery passion and unbending willHours of Idleness; Don Juan; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage; The Age of Bronze；She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelly: a master of poetry and politics; the first poet who sang for working class in Europe “Mad Shelly” for his sensitive nature and crazy rebellion against injusticeHis work reflected radical ideas and revolutionary optimism.A pamphlet against religion: The Necessity of Atheism;Odes: Ode to the Skylark; Ode to the West Wind (political lyrics with five stanzas of iambic pentameter) Four-act poetic drama: Prometheus UnboundA great theory of poetry: A Defense of PoetryPoems: Song to the Men of England; Queen Mab●John Keats: a poet of “pure poetry”; “art for art’s sake”; poems with sensual imaginary; surgeon→poetOde to a Nightingale; Ode to Melancholy; Ode to a Grecian Urn; To Autumn; Ode to PsycheThe Eve of St. Agnes●Walt Scott: Scottish historical novelist; the founder and master of the historical novel; lawyer→novelistTo combine historical fact with romantic imagination: Waverley; Ivanhoe●Jane Austen: the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle-class peopleShe explored the independence of woman on marriage and brought the novel of family life to its highest point of perfection.Pride and Prejudice(Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy); Sense and Sensibility;English Literature of Modernization (WWⅠ and WWⅠ)●Features:1. The sun-never-set empire collapsed.2. There were various philosophical ideas:Marx and Engels’s theory of scientific socialismDarwin’s theory of evolutionEinstein’s theory of relativityFreud’s analytical psychology3. Irrational philosophy (非理性哲学) against realism: Arthur Schopenhauer→Nietzsche→Henry Bergson4. Modernism rose out of skepticism (Victorian values) and disillusion of capitalism (to explore).●George Bernard Shaw: great playwright secondary to Shakespeare; critic and polemicist (清朝)Fabian society; socialism; against “arts for arts’ sake” and for reflecting human lifeCashel Baryon’s Profession (novel);Early drama: Widowers’ Houses (unfair landlordism); Mrs. Warren’s Profession (prostitude; economic oppression of woman);Middle drama: The Doctor’s Dilemma: ignorance, incompetence, arrogance and bigotry of the medical profession Major Barbara; Pygmalion 卖花女; Saint Joan 圣女贞德（a satire of the rigid British social hierarchy and a commentary of woman independence）Later drama: Too True to be Good(难以置信);●John Galsworthy● James Joyce: Irish writerDubliners （a collection of short stories which reflect three aspects of life in politics, culture and religion ）； Ulysses (parodying the episodes of Homer’s Odyssey)Three exponents of the stream -of –consciousness: James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and Faulkner. ● Virginia Woolf : the central figure of Bloomsbury Group; forerunner of feminismThe Mark on the Wall （first ）; Mrs. Dalloway 达洛维夫人; To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去; A Room of one’s Own; The Waves (the climax of Virginia Woolf’s experiments through the novel form of stream of consciousness) ● D. H. Lawrence: a controversial figure because his frank treatment of sexThe Rainbow; Women in Love (Ursula and Birkin; Gudrun and Gerald); Lady Chatterley’s Lover (noblewoman’s love affair with a servant)William Butler Yeats: 叶芝 first writer to win the Noble Prize in Literature in Ireland When You Are Old (to Maud Gonne)three trilogiesfirst trilogyThe forstye SagaThe Man of Property 财主The Chancery 骑虎难下To let 出租second trilogyModern ComedyThe White MonkeyThe Sliver Spoon Swan Song third trilogyEnd of the ChapterMaid in WaitingThe Flowering Wilderness Over the riverEnglish Literature of Realization (Victorian Age 1832-1902Queen Victorian: 1837-1902;This period is the remarkable in the development of the country, marked by a great expansion of British Empire. 1832: the death of Walter Scott; The Reform ActSocial problems:1. the political power passed into hands of middle-class industrial capitalists2. the problem of women influenced by Industrial Revolution3. contradiction between the rich and the poor4. the conflicts between capital and labor5. the widespread unemployment6. the severe depression7. the system of workhouseEnglish critical realism: to describe traits of English society and criticize the capitalism from a democratic view Main figures: Charles Dickens; William Makepeace Thackeray; Charlotte Bronte; Mrs. Gaskell; George Eliot; Tomas HardyCharles Dickens: the greatest novelist in Victorian Age; the greatest representative of English critical realism First period (naïve optimism): Sketches by Boz博兹札记; Pickwick Papers; Oliver Twist; The Old Curiosity Shop Second period (A travel to America; hopelessness to democracy): David Copperfield; A Christmas CarolLast period (intensifying pessimism): Bleak House; Hard Times; A Tale of two Cities (London and Pairs); Great ExpectationBronte sisters:Charlotte Bronte; Emily Bronte; Ann BronteJane Eyre; Wuthering Heights; Agnes GreyTomas Hardy: semi-fictional region of Wessex; theme is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel fate Tess of the d’Urbervilles (fatalism)Browning:Robert Browning; Mrs. BrowningMy Last Duchess; How do I Love Thee?Other writer:1. Mrs. Gaskell: The Life of Charlotte Bronte2. George Eliot: pseudonym of Mary Ann Events; Middlemarch3. Lewis Carroll: a university teacher in Oxford; Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland; Through the Looking-glass4. Robert Lewis Stevenson: travel a lot due to his weak lungs; Treasure Island5. Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest 不可儿戏6. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair (a satirical novel with title from Bunyan)7. Alfred Lord Tennyson: The EagleAmerican Literature of Romanticism (1820-1860) The American Renaissance●New England Transcendentalism: Emerson and Thoreaudivinity; individual’s intuition; feeling over reason●Washington Irving: father of American short story; comic fablesThe Sketch Book: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; Rip V an Wrinkle; Life of George Washington●Nathaniel Hawthorne: Psychological fictions; symbolism; Calvinistic beliefThe Scarlet Letter; The Minister’s Black Veil; The Birthmark; Young Goodman Brown; The House of Seven Gables ●Edgar Allan Poe: father of detective stories; Gothic tales (horror and mystery); poetry for beauty: To Helen●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: the most beloved American poet; great versatility;A Psalm of Life (the first American poem introduced to China); I Shot an Arrow (friendship)●Walt Whitman: the most influential poet in America; free verseLeaves of Grass: Democratic Bible/ National Epic; Drum Taps; O Captain! My Captain! To the StatesWhen Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d: Air his sorrow about the death of LincolnThere was a Child Went Forth: himself and AmericaCavalry Crossing a Ford: Civil WarSong of Myself: belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value●Harriet Beecher Stowe: abolitionistAnti-slavery novel: Uncle Tom’s Cabin●Other writers:1. James Fenimore Cooper: frontier adventuresLeatherstocking Tales: The Pioneers; The Last of Mohicans; The Prairie; The Path Finder; The Deerslayer2. Emerson: Nature;3. Thoreau: Walden (Nature is divine, and human can communicate with it by way of pure senses.)4. Rebecca Harding Davis: social realism4. Herman Melville: Moby-Dick; TypeeAmerican Literature of Realism (1860-1914 ) Civil War-WWⅠ●Three reasons for the coming of American Realism:1. The Civil War overturned the moral value of American, and people began to question the human nature and thebenevolence of God.2. After the Civil War, industrialization and mechanization flourished, giving rise to the affluent mid-class.3. The gap between poverty and wealth expanded.●Three characteristics of American Realism:1. Realists focused on the straightforward and objective description of real life2. Realists were interested in commonplace and depicted people from all social levels.3. American realism approached the harsh realities by experience.●Naturalism: Darwin’s evolutionary theory+ French novelist Emile ZolaTheodore Dreiser; Stephen Crane: A Red Badge of Courage;Jack London: Martin EdenKate Chopin: the forerunner of feminist authors; The Awakening●Three novelists: Mark Twain (lower class); Howells (middle class); Henry James (upper class)●Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens):vernacular(colloquial); local colorist; father of American literature(William Faulkner);His writing features are strong local colors, colloquial speech and witty remarks.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County; The Innocents Abroad; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Life on Mississippi;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Huck and Jim looked for freedom; Hemingway: all modern American literature comes);The Gilded Age (Charles Warner; post-Civil War)●Henry James: the forerunner of “stream of consciousness”;the founder of psychological realismdescribe inner world by his psychological approach; international theme; cosmopolitan novelist; literary essayist First period: The American; Daisy Miller; The Portrait of a Lady; The Europeans;Second period: The Turn of a ScrewThird period: What Maisie Knows; The Golden Bowl; The Wings of the Dove; The AmbassadorsLiterary criticism: The Art of Fiction (The novel aims to present the life.)●Emily Dickinson(——): great poet with 1775 poemsTheme: love, religion, death and immortality in physical, psychological and emotional termsnature (more than 500)：Nature’ inscrutability(不可预测) and indifference to human beingsSuccess; I’m Nobody; I Died for Beauty;I Like to See it Lap the Miles (Train is the part of nature like an animal.)I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died(the moment of death)This is my Letter to the World (her anxiety about her communication with the outside world)Because I Could Not Stop for Death (personification of Death and Immortality)Her poems are usually based on her experiences, her sorrows and joys.●Theodore Dreiser:Naturalism: Darwin’s idea; The world is like a juggle; Man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control”.Sister Carrie; An American Tragedy: real criminal cases; “Trilogy of Desire”: Financier; The Titan; The Stoic●Robert Frost: living in New England; Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for four times; Congressional Gold MedalA link between the 19-century American literature and Modernism with traditional form and modern themeHis work is distinguished by its simple style, colloquial speech and metaphorical images.A Boy’s Will (the development of a boy from egoism to maturity full of characteristics of New England)North of Boston “a book of people in New England”New Hampshire-Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (continue to proceed after having a break)The Road Not Taken (Different way of life)After Apple Picking (a sense of completeness yet hopelessness)American Literature of Modernism (1914-1915) WWⅠ - WWⅠ●Reasons for modernism:1. Two wars cost many lives and destructed much property.2. Philosophical ideas such as Einstein’s theory of relativity and Freud’s analytical psychology flourished.3. The establishment of Nobel Prize in literature has promoted the development of literature.●Feature for modernism: to express disillusionment with tradition and interest in new technologies and visions●Feature of the Lost Generation: to express their loss, despair and disillusionment●Figures of the Lost Generation: Ernest Hemingway and Fitzgerald●Ezra Pound: imagism (A visual image and concrete instances can be poetic and abstract.)Confucius; Shih-Ching; In a Station of the Metro● E. E. Comings: an avant-garde poet with typographical style (scattered words); mimic Ezra Pound’s imagismIn Just-●Wallace Stevens: gifted nonprofessional poet; power of imagination and description of concrete objects Anecdote of the Jar: jar (imagination and creation); hill (bewildering and chaotic world)●Williams Carlos Williams: variable foot; meter(格律：stressed) and lineation (分行：line breaks and stanzas) The Red Wheelbarrow●William Faulkner: composite stream of consciousness(free form); Southern Renaissance-The fugitive Yoknapakawpha county;The Sound and the Fury(four characters; no capitalization and punctuation); A Rose for Emily;●T. S. Eliot: an innovative poet, playwright and criticPoems using a lot of mythology, allusion, symbolism and disconnected images;New Criticism focusing on regarding work as an independent of both author and reader;Poems: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock; The Waste Land (disillusionment of spirit of the former generation); The Hollow Men; For Quartets Play: Murder in Cathedral●Ernest Hemingway: Lost generation(disillusioned and confused); iceberg theoryEconomical and understated(terse) writing styleCoded heroes have “grace under pressure” and “despairing courage”.A Farewell to Arms; Green Hills of Africa; The Snows of Kilimanjaro; For Whom the Bell Tolls;A Clean, well-Lighted Place (nihilism and existentialism)● F. Scott. Fitzgerald: chronicler of the Jazz Age of America(1918-1929 Roaring Twenties); Lost GenerationStyle: satire and criticism of the worship of hedonism and moneyThe Great Gatsby: aspiration and desire, innocence and hypocrisy, idealism and decadence(堕落), illusion and disillusionTender is the Night；The Side of Paradise●Eugene O’Nell: one of the greatest playwright in America; the first dramatist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature The Hairy Ape: dehumanization (非人性化) and oppression of capitalism, disillusion and loss of the working class The Emperor Jones●Other writers:1. Sinclair Lewis: novelist; the first American to win the Nobel Prize in LiteratureMain Street: criticism of capitalism and materialism after World War ⅧBabbitt: (babbittry: narrow-minded, complacent and bourgeois )2. Pearl S. Buck: an American having lived in China; the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in LiteratureGood Earth: peasant life of China3. Gertrude stein: hosting a Pairs Salon for famous writers4.Margaret Mitchell：Gone with the Windngston Hughes: Harlem Renaissance 哈莱姆(New Negro Movement); the earliest innovator of Jazz poetry Dream（Martin Luther King-I Have a Dream）6. Richard Wright:a black writer focusing on racism; The Native Son6. John Steinbeck: plight of working class and migrant workers in rural areas in Great DepressionThe Grapes of Wrath: economic and social plight of farmers; Of Mice and Men。
英美文学简史及名篇选读
英美文学简史及名篇选读英美文学简史及名篇选读英美文学历史悠久，兼收并蓄，蕴含着丰富的文化底蕴和独特的文学风格。
本文将从文学发展、主要作家及其代表作，以及作品内容等方面，介绍英美文学的发展史和一些著名的文学代表作品。
一、英美文学的发展英美文学的历史可以追溯到古代，但是现代英美文学发展以文艺复兴时期开始，并在18世纪达到顶峰。
19世纪和20世纪，英美文学经历了象征主义、现代主义和后现代主义等派别的影响，作家的风格也日渐多样化。
二、英美文学的主要作家及其代表作1.威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最著名的作家之一，他的作品包括诸如《麦克白》、《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等经典作品，在当时非常受欢迎。
2.詹姆斯·乔伊斯詹姆斯·乔伊斯是20世纪最具代表性的小说家之一，其作品以《尤利西斯》和《都柏林人》最为知名，他以流露出来的内心世界和音乐般的语言呈现了人性和命运。
3.欧内斯特·海明威欧内斯特·海明威是20世纪最著名的小说家之一，他的作品以《老人与海》和《太阳照常升起》最为著名。
他以简练而概括的语言，描绘出战争和人性的无边悲剧。
他的作品经常强调男子汉的美德和荣誉感，深受广大男性读者的喜爱。
4.弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪最著名的小说家之一，他的代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》、《钻石大亨》等。
他的作品描绘了20世纪初美国精神和道德的沉沦，抨击了金钱至上的社会价值观。
5.托马斯·品钦托马斯·品钦是20世纪最具代表性的诗人之一，他创作的诗歌以《地狱直到最后一分钟》尤为著名，其风格多以梦幻、神秘和超自然的元素为主。
三、英美文学的代表作1.《为食神授》——乔纳森·斯威夫这是一部富有讽刺意味的小说，反映了社会弊病和人性的扭曲，同时又通过讽刺和幽默的手法进行了批判。
英美文学简史及名篇选读 English Literature in the Renaissance
• Art and Archite如ct文u学re、历史、哲学和艺术。
文艺复兴时期涌现了许多艺术大师，如达·芬奇、拉斐尔、米开朗基
罗等，他们以创新的绘画技巧、逼真的人物形象和透视原理为人类艺
• Science and Expl术or史a作tio出n了重大贡献。建筑方面，文艺复兴建筑采用了古罗马和古希
像是说决不屈从於羁绊的窒碍。
Full jolly knight he seemd , and faire did sitt ,
快乐的骑士在马上英姿飒爽，
As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt .善於比武，也能在战场与敌人激烈交锋。
Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)
please read the general introduction (para 1-2) and find out the social background of Renaissance
The Hundred Years’ War with France (1336-1453) The War of the Roses (Lancaster vs York, 1455-1483) The discovery of America and the new sea routes (1497-1498) The Religious Reformation (1509-1547) The Enclosure Movement (16th century) The reign of King Henry VIII (1509-1547) The reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603)
英美文学简史及名篇选读第二十二军规
英美文学简史及名篇选读第二十二军规《第二十二条军规》外国文学作品简析:美国作家海勒(1923—)的代表作，也是“黑色幽默”派小说的经典作品。
小说主要描写第二次世界大战期间驻守在地中海某基地上一支美国空军中队内部的腐败现象。
将军们勾心斗角，互相倾轧，下命令往往互相矛盾、莫名其妙;校官们为了邀功求升迁，不顾士兵死活，一次又一次地增加飞行次数。
尤其可恶的是，伙食管理员米洛竟办起了一个国际性的大公司，用飞机在国与国之间贩运食品牟取暴利。
他一方面同自己的军队签订合同轰炸德军桥梁，另一方面又同德军签约炮打本国飞机，双方官兵血肉横飞，他自己则大发横财。
面对着这个疯狂世界，主人公上尉轰炸员尤索林无法忍受，只好舍弃一切，逃往瑞典。
主人公尤索林是一个充满对死的恐惧、对生的渴望的下级军官形象。
他不能忍受空军中队的腐败现象，渴望离开战场平安地生活下去。
他怀疑别人都想暗害他，怀疑整个世界都疯了，可是大家却反过来认为他是疯子。
根据第二十二条军规，他既然被认为是疯子，就可以停止飞行，但要求停止飞行又必须由本人提出申请，能够提出申请的人就意味着他神智正常。
另外，第二十二条军规规定飞满32架次的人可以不再执行任务，但尤索林飞满32架次时，定额却又一再增加。
他恍然大悟了，第二十二条军规原来是一个被执法者按照自己的需要随心所欲地解释，从而置人于死地的圈套，是使他惶惶不可终日，求生愿望无法实现的根本原因。
小说借美国军队讽喻整个美国社会，借揭露第二十二条军规的实质来抨击践踏人权、迫害百姓的资产阶级官僚体制。
《第二十二条军规》没有首尾相接的、完整的故事情节。
它采取超现实的荒诞笔法描写现实世界的荒唐，用夸张的手法把生活漫画化，让幽默的笑声隐含着绝望和悲伤。
在人物塑造上作者运用“反英雄”的写法，把主人公尤索林塑造成卑微猥琐、行为怪癖、贪生怕死的胆小鬼形象。
外研社英美文学简史及名篇选读教学课件美国文学2
American Contemporary Literature
Tennessee Williams 田纳西·威廉斯
--He wrote more than 20 full-length dramas. --Williams’ plays portray the loneliness and isolation
morbidly, the psychology of social misfits.(不适宜生活环境
的人的心理)
American Contemporary Literature
Arthur Miller (1915-2005) 阿瑟·米勒
American Contemporary LiteratuArrethur Miller 阿瑟·米勒
of modern man. His style is a combination of coarseness and poetry. --All of his plays are pessimistic, with shocking or sensational elements; nearly all of Williams’ plays have been made into successsful films. --In the 1960’s he became ill and in 1969, he had a complete physical and mental breakdown.
Theatre in March of 2007. As per his express wish, it is the only theatre in the world that bears Miller's name. -He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. - He gave us 36 stage plays, 22 radio plays and screenplays.
外研社英美文学简史及名篇选读教学课件英国文学u8
-- A. S. Byatt (born in 1036) is an English novelist, poet and Booker Prize winner in 1990.
-- Margaret Atwood (born in 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, and environmental activist. The Year of the Flood (2009), Maddaddam (2013); Novellas: Moral Disorder: A Story (2014)
The Rehearsal (2008) --Richard Flanagan (born in 1961) is an
Australian novelist. He won the 2014 Man Booker Prize for his The Narrow Road to the Deep North (2014).
Commonwealth, including former Commonwealth members, such as Ireland,
Pakistan, or South Africa. It was formerly known as the Booker Prize.
--From 2013 it includes all the novels written in the English language.
外研社英美文学简史及名篇选读教学课件英国文学u5
1) William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
威廉·华兹华斯
Lyrical Ballads (1798) 《抒情歌谣集》
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
2) George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)
乔治·戈登·拜伦
Childe Harold‘s Pilgrimage
《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》
Don Juan 《唐·璜》(The Isles of Greece)
3) Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
Then they settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District, and this time with fellow poet Robert Southey nearby. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey came to be known as the “Lake Poets"
Birth Place of Wordsworth
Grasmere Lake District
Dove Cottage
-In 1850, he died at Rydal Mount
St Oswald’s Church→ in Grasmere
Wordsworth and his relatives were buried in the Grasmere churchyard.
--Their works raised woman to the high place in literature.
英美文学选读复习(时期+作家+作品)
Othello
King Lear
Macbeth
Romeo and Juliet
Julius Caesar
The Winter’s Tale
The Tempest
A Sonnet(154)
HenryⅣ、Ⅴ
Venus and Adonis
The Rape of Lucrece
Richard III
Father of English poetry
The first realistic writer
Master of the English language
Forerunner of Humanism
乔叟
The Romance of the Rose(French)
The Book of the Duchess
罗宾汉和三个乡绅
Renaissance
1500-1600
Edmund Spenser
埃德蒙·斯宾塞
The Faerie Queen
The Shephearde’s Calender
仙后
Blank verse
University wit
Christopher Marlowe
克里斯扥夫.马娄
Tamburlaine
1561-1626
Francis Bacon
弗兰西斯.培根
Of Great Place
Of Studies
Essays
论高位
论读书
1572-1631
John Donne
约翰.邓恩
Songs and Sonnets
歌与十四行诗
1593-1633
George Herbert
英美文学简史及名篇选读课中文版
英美文学简史及名篇选读课中文版大学被誉为人性培养和人格完善的殿堂，人文精神是大学教育的灵魂所在。
近年，随着经济的发展，大学已不知不觉为经济控制，大学教育趋向市场功利，人文精神在现代大学教育中日渐甚微，几乎沦落到四面楚歌的尴尬境地。
英美文学作品记录着人类在文明传承中对自由、梦想、尊严和幸福的不懈追求。
作为人文精神的一个重要载体，它一直是高校英语专业的传统主干课程，是国家高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲所规定的必修课程之一，也一直是我院学生共同必修的一门重要专业课。
“英美文学史及作品选读”是英语系自1979年以来在高年级开设的一门传统的专业主干课。
课程在三年级开设，秋学期为英国文学，春学期为美国文学。
每周2课时，总课时由原来的66课时改为现在的58课时。
授课教师由当初的外国教师改为中国教师，主要是因为中国教师授课更具系统性和针对性。
在选材、教学理念和方法和成果输出（即学生讨论、研读报告、作业、成绩考核）等各个环节中均体现特色，加大师生互动，将教师的主导作用融入到学生的主体活动中去，最大限度地引导学生发挥探索问题的主动性，培养其创新能力。
为了进一步深化教学改革，提高教学质量，我们于2001年起为该课程配套开设了“英美小说选读”和“英美诗歌选读”。
提倡以学生为中心，于“用”中学习的教学思想，鼓励学生自主学习，积极参与，大胆创造。
本课程于2007年获得丽水学院优秀课程。
本课程旨在培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
通过该课程的教学，促进学生文学欣赏能力和语言水平的提高，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。
本课程的任务是介绍英国文学史的基本脉络、主要文学流派的主张和历史背景及代表人物，并选读分析部分代表作家的经典作品，使学生对英国文学的历史、主要作家的创作思想和风格有初步的了解，掌握基本的文学常识和文学作品赏析技巧，并学会阅读英文文学名著。
要求学生能认真完成教师布置的阅读任务，并积极参加课堂讨论、课堂报告等各种教学活动。
必读英美文学经典作品20本(DOC)
必读英美文学经典作品20本American Literature1、The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Howthorne《红字》霍桑著小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。
因此，它不仅是美利坚合众国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美利坚合众国心理分析小说的开创篇。
2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain《哈克贝利.芬历险记》简称《赫克》是美国文学中的珍品,也是美国文化中的珍品。
十六年前【1984】 ,美国文坛为《赫克》出版一百周年举行了广泛的庆祝活动和学术讨论,也出版了一些研究马克吐温,特别是他的《赫克》的专著。
专门为一位大作家的一本名著而举行如此广泛的纪念和专门的研究,这在世界文坛上也是少有的盛事。
这是因为《赫克》的意义不一般. 美国著名作家海明威说, "一切现代美国文学来自一本书, 即马克吐温的《赫克尔贝里芬历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。
一切美国文学都来自这本书,在它之前,或在它之后,都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。
3、The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James 《贵妇画像》亨利.詹姆斯著】美国小说家亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇画像》自问世以来一直受到文学评论界的关注，专家学者已从各个不同角度对女主人伊莎贝尔·阿切尔作了深入细致的研究。
本文试图从一个全新的视角，即跨文化交际角度，剖析伊莎贝尔在婚姻方面所作的选择。
文章指出她是该小说中跨文化交际的最大失败者，并对其失败原因作了分析。
希望在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天我们都能从伊莎贝尔的生活经历中得到某种启发。
4.Moby Dick by Herman Melville 《白鲸》麦尔维尔著小说描写了亚哈船长为了追逐并杀死白鲸莫比·迪克的经历，最终与白鲸同归于尽的故事。
英美文学史及选读课程简介
《英美文学史及选读》课程简介
课程名称 英美文学史及选读 课程编号 2120241
英文名称 History and Selected Readings of British
and American Literature
课程类型 专业推荐选修课 总学时 36 理论学时 36 实验学时 0 实践学时 0 学分 2 预修课程 基础英语、英语国家概况、
英美文化、英美文学导论
适用对象 英语专业三年级
课程简介
本课程为面向英语专业高年级本科生开设的专业推荐选修课程，了解英在美文学形成和发展的概况之后，着重介绍重要文学流派，代表作家的代表作品以及作家的创作风格、基本的文学主张等。
要求学生阅读理解代表性文学作品（包括戏剧、小说和诗歌），掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。
本课程侧重文本细读，一方面提高学生的综合语言水平，另一方面通过分析和探讨文本的文化背景和文学的基本理论元素，培养阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平，从而提高自身的文化素质，并为进一步深入学习奠定坚实的基础。
英美文学史及选读
英美文学史及选读英美文学史及选读英美文学史可追溯到18世纪，在那个时代，经典文学作品开始出现.这段历史的经典作品主要有若干批，其中包括非洲裔文学作品，霍洛维尔的散文，以及其他古典作品。
在人们记忆中，19世纪可以被称为“英语文学新纪元”，那时出现了许多著名的文学家，他们对英美文学界产生了深刻影响。
最重要的一些是詹姆斯·阿特伍德、简·奥斯汀、查尔斯·狄更斯和玛丽·勃朗特。
20世纪的文学发展覆盖了更大范围，写作风格变得更加多样化，出现了更多多样化和有趣的故事和理论。
艾伦·劳埃德·休斯、威廉·海明威和乔伊斯·柯南·道尔都是20世纪最重要的英美文学作家。
他们的作品运用了不同的文体和形式，丰富了英美文学领域。
当今，英美文学涵盖了几乎所有的文学形式。
除了文学、报刊、散文、小说等传统文学体裁外，电影、电视剧、小说、散文等新媒体也在不断发展和受到重视。
今天，人们经常能从新媒体中看到英美文学的踪迹，这改变了他们对文学的理解和欣赏。
英美文学选读也是许多文学爱好者所关注的方面。
他们常常从一般公认的文学作品中挑选出自己喜欢的书籍，然后细细品味。
比如，乔伊斯·柯南·道尔的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、威廉·海明威的《老人与海》、简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》、詹姆斯·阿特伍德的《神曲》、查尔斯·狄更斯的《双城记》等都是十分受欢迎的选读经典。
综上所述，英美文学史已经经历了几个世纪以来的漫长进程，它有着辉煌的历史。
在不同历史时期，它不断发展，新鲜有趣的文学体裁和风格被引入，被人们广泛接受。
选读也是一个重要组成部分，它能够让人们进一步了解和欣赏英美文学的历史和文化。
英美文学选读四大史诗
英美文学选读四大史诗英国文学：上古和中世纪时期(公元450年—14世纪下叶)《贝奥武甫》英国上古时期盎格鲁撒克逊的民族史诗，杰弗雷·乔叟其首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
作品：《坎特伯雷故事集》文艺复兴时期(14世纪到17世纪中叶)埃德蒙·斯宾塞(1552－1599)著名诗人主要作品：《仙后》，《牧人月历》，《情诗小唱十四行诗集》、《婚前曲》、《祝婚曲》克里斯托弗·马洛(1564—1593)诗人，剧作家，革新了中世纪的戏剧，在舞台上创造了反映时代精神的巨人性格和“雄伟的诗行”，主要作品:《浮士德博士的悲剧》，《帖木儿大帝》，《马耳他岛的犹太人》威廉·莎士比亚(1564—1616)世界上最杰出的戏剧家和诗人之一，一生创作了38个剧本，154首十四行诗及两首长诗。
主要作品：《亨利六世》(上，中，下)、《理查三世》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》弗朗西斯·培根（1561—1626）英国文艺复兴时期代表人物，著名的散文家、唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人，又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱。
主要作品:《新工具》、《学术的进步》、《新大西岛》《培根随笔》约翰·邓恩（1572—1631），英国玄学派诗人、教士，为T·S艾略特所推崇，主要作品:《歌与十四行诗》、《圣十四行诗》约翰·弥尔顿(1608—1674）英国诗人、政论家。
主要作品：《失乐园》、《复乐园》《力士参孙》新古典主义时期(1660年英国斯图亚特王朝复辟—1798年华兹华斯与柯勒律治合作出版《抒情歌谣集》)约翰·班扬英国著名作家、布道家。
主要作品：《天路历程》《灵魂城圣战》《恶人传》《奔走天路》《绝望者的盼望》《自省》《丰盛的恩典》亚历山大·蒲柏启蒙运动时期新古典主义的代表，著名诗人，主要作品：《夺发记》、《愚人志》、《人论》《与阿布斯诺博士书》丹尼尔·笛福（1660—1731）英国作家，主要作品：《成为异教徒的途径》，《地地道道的英国人》，《鲁滨逊漂流记》(此书是他60岁才开始动笔的) 乔纳森·斯威夫特英国著名文学家、讽刺作家、政治家主要作品：《书的战争》《格列佛游记》，《一只桶的故事》、《一个温和的建议》亨利·菲尔丁（1707-1754)英国小说之父，创造了散文体喜剧史诗。
英美文学简史及名篇选读田祥斌课文
英美文学简史及名篇选读田祥斌课文一、引言英美文学是世界文学宝库中的重要组成部分。
在很大程度上，英美文学的发展与英国和美国两国的历史、文化以及社会背景密切相关。
本文将以田祥斌的教材为基础，深入探讨英美文学的发展史以及一些经典名篇的选读。
二、英美文学的发展史1. 古代文学时期•古代英国文学古代英国文学的代表作品主要包括《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》等。
《贝奥武夫》是一部骑士传奇史诗，描绘了贝奥武夫的英雄故事，表现了中世纪骑士精神和荣誉观念。
《坎特伯雷故事集》由乔叟创作，以众多故事框架串联起来，展示了中世纪社会各阶层的人物形象和价值观念。
•古代美国文学古代美国文学的兴起主要可以追溯到十七世纪末的清教徒文学。
作家约翰·温斯罗普和威廉·布拉德福德等人的作品弘扬了清教徒的信仰和价值观念。
其中，布拉德福德的《普利茅斯记事》是美国殖民地时期最重要的文学作品之一。
2. 文艺复兴时期•文艺复兴时期英国文学文艺复兴时期英国文学的代表人物是莎士比亚。
他的作品包括许多戏剧，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
莎士比亚的作品不仅在当时英国的戏剧舞台上受到广泛关注，而且至今仍然被世界各地的观众所喜爱。
•文艺复兴时期美国文学文艺复兴时期美国文学的代表作品主要是新英格兰清教徒的文学创作。
著名作家如威廉·布莱克、安妮·布拉德斯威尔和艾米莉·狄金森等人的作品充满了宗教和道德的思考，并对美国文化产生了深远影响。
3. 浪漫主义时期•浪漫主义时期英国文学浪漫主义时期英国文学的代表人物包括济慈、拜伦和雪莱等。
这些作家的作品反映了个人情感、对自然的热爱以及对社会问题的关切。
其中，济慈的诗歌作品以其深情和美感闻名于世。
•浪漫主义时期美国文学浪漫主义时期美国文学的代表作家包括爱默生、霍桑和梭罗等。
他们注重个体的内心体验，强调与自然的和谐共处，同时也对社会问题表达了关切。
爱默生的《自然》和梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》被认为是美国浪漫主义文学的代表作之一。
英美文学史及其作品选读
结课论文之英美文学史及其作品选读院系：电气与信息工程系专业：机电一体化学号：姓名：班级：读《简爱》有感《简爱》是英国19世纪著名女作家的代表作，文章一开始就展开了一段漫长的回忆史。
在这长长的回忆史中，我们能看到一段痛苦、贫困、灰色的画卷。
主人公简爱是个孤女，父母在她小时候就双双去世，小小的简爱就被送到了没有温暖，连使女地位都不如的舅母家抚养，虽然舅父在临终前嘱咐妻子要善待简爱但作为舅母的德里太太并没有遵照丈夫的遗愿好好照顾简爱，相反简爱在家中经常受到表兄弟的欺侮。
在这样冷漠、凄凉的环境下。
养成了简爱孤僻的性格，但在内心中她却又渴望温暖和关爱。
她渴望关爱，于是她离开了舅母家，舅母将她送到了孤儿院。
但孤儿院的生活也是一个噩梦的开始，在这里简爱并没有得到大人们的关心和爱护。
在这样艰难的生活中还要受到精神和肉体的摧残，在孤儿院中挨打和体罚成了家常便饭。
但是在这她结识了她的人生中第一位与他真心相待的孤女海伦，她们相互关心，相互鼓励。
但命运又一次和简爱开了一次玩笑，在贫困、饥饿、疾病中海伦就病了。
在伤寒中简爱就失去了最好的朋友的海伦，给了简爱极大的打击。
在后来学校毕业，在学校当了两年的教师。
孤寂、冷漠、和没有温暖的生活中，她毅然决定重新开始，于是她来到了菲尔德庄园。
在这里的记忆成了简爱刻骨铭心的回忆，改写了简爱的生命轨迹。
在这里孤僻，但心存善念，的简爱她从不因为自己是一个地位低贱的家庭教师而感到自卑,反而认为他们是平等的.不应该因为她是仆人,而不能受到别人的尊重.也正因为她的正直,高尚，纯洁，心灵没有受到世俗社会的污染，使得罗切斯特为之震撼,并把她看做了一个可以和自己在精神上平等交谈的人，并且慢慢地深深爱上了她。
他的真心,让她感动,在和庄园主罗彻斯特接触中，他们渐渐相爱了。
而在这个过程中却出现了一个让她难以接受的现实，即罗彻斯特有了一个疯妻但他却告诉她，疯妻只是一个神经错乱的女裁缝，并要她严守这个秘密，简爱不知道这就是他的妻子。
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英美文学史及经典作品选读
英美文学史及经典作品选读在西方文学史上扮演着重要的一页，它蕴含无穷的精神内核，抹尽浓墨重彩地表现了它历久弥新的文化内涵。
伊利亚特·弗兰克福尔曼被称为现代英国小说家中最杰出的一位，他在《呼啸山庄》中深刻揭示了封建社会存在的种种弊端和矛盾；而《雾都孤儿》以沉痛的语言抒发了孤独的心灵之酸楚，在小说史上留下了深远的影响。
再说说海明威，他以其独特的文字风格著称，他在《老人与海》中写出了一个穷困潦倒而又勇敢自强、坚强不屈的乔治·艾斯特勒，他是一个无奈而又可嘉的精神和生命的抗争者，强烈地弥漫着勇敢、自信、自由、正义的精神，影响深远。
此外，作家中的另一重要代表——爱德华·艾略特以《费城的故事》最为人所熟知，它深具仪式感的叙述风格，将一个空前绝后的“城市故事”写尽，非常出彩，在历史文学发展史上留下了巨大影响。
总而言之，英美文学史及其经典作品宣传着正义正气、自由自强的生活理念，充满着文化和审美的力量，在当今社会文化史中彰显出绵长的影子。