科学论文写作与发表分类句式用语
英文科技论文写作常用句式
英文科技论文写作常用句式Abstract:1、Introduction (Motivation/ purpose/goal/aim/objective/importance) (present tense)1）The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of steady-state scale-up for small-scale sedimentary structures.2） An important objective of these well-constrained experiments is to evaluate current theoretical models of PGE solubility.2、Scope/perspective (past/present tense)1）This study examined fecal coliform reduction in domestic wastewater after receiving treatment through a constructed open water wetland, a slow sand filter, and a portable ultraviolet disinfection unit.2） The scope of this study was to compare the behavior and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during soil-aquifer treatment at different field sites in Arizona and California.3、method/procedure/approach (past tense)1）In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients. 2）It involved recycling a small portion of the primary sludge and then activating it to enhance its biosorptive and flocculent properties through 30-min aeration. The aerated sludge was then brought into contact with raw sewage to induce rapid biosorption of soluble COD and flocculation of colloidal organic before the mixture was settled in a regular primary clarifier.4、Results/findings/products (past tense)e.g. Three granitoid magmatic events were identified at 815 Ma, 700-730Ma, and 620-625Ma, which were marked by emplacement of the calc-alkaline Ujjukka granite and granodiorite, the anatectic Suqii-Wagga two-mica granite and the Guttin K-feldspar megacrystic granite, and the anorogenic Ganjii monzogranite, respectively.5、Discussion/Conclusions (present/past tense)e.g. The results showed that under traction free conditions subsidence was athree-dimensional problem and one-dimensional subsidence models tended to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models was exacerbated as the grid size became smaller in the vicinity of the pumping well. This was due to increased calculated drawdown in the vicinity of the well for more finely-spaced grids.6、Implications/applications (present tense)e.g. Our experimental results are directly applicable to porphyry coppersystems because in such systems temperature, PH, salinity and oxygen英文科技论文写作常用句式fugacity are similar to the experimental parameters. Application of our experimental results indicate that a typical porphyry systems can transport at least 40 tons of Pd if sources of platinum group elements (PGE) are available and the solubility-controlling phase is metallic Pd.7、limitations and suggestions for further studies (past/present tense for limitations, present/future tense for suggestions)e.g. 1) This study suggests that in order to achieve the highest treatmentlevel of secondary unchlorinated wastewater, a combination of aquaticponds and subsurface flow wetlands may be necessary.2) In general, source water quality, drinking water and wastewatertreatment should be viewed as one system in indirect potable re-use projects.3) However, because constructed wetlands, besides the water qualityimprovement function, perform a multitude of other functions such asbiodiversity, habitat, climatic, hydrological and public use functions, methodologies need to be developed to evaluate these functions and toweigh them in relation to the water quality issue.Structure of an Abstract：1、The first sentence in the Abstract:♦The purpose of this research is…♦The primary goal of this research is…♦The intention of this paper is to survey…♦The overall objective of thi s study is…♦The chief aim of the present work is to investigate…♦The purpose of this paper is to explain why…♦The primary object of this fundamental research is to reveal…♦The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain…♦The experiment made here is aimed at …♦The emphasis of this study lies in…♦The problem we have outlined here deals largely with the study of…♦This study examined…. (past tense)2、The next sentences：♦The method used in the study was…♦The technique applied is referred to as…♦The procedure was as follows…♦The approach adopted extensively is called…♦The experiment consisted of three steps:…♦Included in the experiment were…♦The test equipment which was used consisted of…♦Several sets of experiments were carried out to test the validity of…♦This formula is verified by…3、The ending part of an abstract：♦The results of the experiment indicated that …♦The studies showed that…♦The studies we carried out demonstrated that…♦The research suggested that…♦The investigation carried out by… revealed that…♦All the preliminary results threw light on …♦As a result of our experiments, we concluded that…♦From the experiments, we realized that…♦This fruitful work provided explanation to …♦The research work brought about a discovery of…♦These findings of the research led the author to the conclusion that…4、The last sentences:♦…should be further studied in relation to ...♦…should do…♦Further research into…is necessary.♦Further study should be made in relation to…♦Further investigation into…is needed.Introduction：Step 1: the nature and scope of the problem investigated. interest or importance, many other investigators active in the area.♦Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to…♦In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly in terested in…♦Recently, there has been wide interest in…♦The well-known…phenomena…have been favorite topics for analysis both in…♦Knowledge of …has a great importance for…♦The study of …has become an important aspect of…♦The effect of …has been studied exte nsively in recent years.♦Many investigators have recently turned to…♦The relationship between …has been studied by many authors.♦ A central issue in…is the validity of…Step 2: making a topic generalization.statements about knowledge or practice:♦The pathology of… is well known.♦There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that…♦The …properties of …are still not completely understood.♦ A standard procedure for assessing has been…♦Education core courses are often criticized for…phenomena:♦…is a common finding in patients with…♦An elaborate system of…is found in the …♦English is rich in related words exhibiting “stress shifts”.♦There are many situations where examination scripts are marked and then re-marked by another examiner.Step3:Discuss the relevant primary research literature (with citations) and summarizing our current understanding of the problem you are investigating.Examples of integral citation forms（直接引用方式）:♦Halliday (2008) showed that the moon is …..♦Halliday’s theory (2008) claim s that …...♦Halliday’s (2008) theory of lunar composition has general support.♦According to Halliday (2008), the moon is…...Examples of indirect citation forms（间接引用方式）:♦Previous research has shown that the moon is …..(Brie, 1988).♦It has been shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦It has been established that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon is probably made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon may be made of cheese (cf. Rock, 1989).Step4:Indicate a gap.♦No research has been don e on …♦Little effort has been spent on the study of…♦(Very) few researchers have investigated…♦The nature of…is overlooked.♦Researchers have failed to notice that…♦The result is misleading/questionable/inconclusive/limited.♦The result of…has several limita tions.♦The research can rarely cover…Step5: State the purpose♦The purpose of this study was to....♦We investigated three possible mechanisms to explain the ...(1) …….(2) …….♦This paper reports on the results obtained…♦The aim of the present paper is to give…♦The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to…♦This study was designed to evaluate…♦This paper aims to report the interaction of…Step6: rationale and approachFor example: State briefly how you approached the problem (e.g., you studied oxidative respiration pathways in isolated mitochondria of cauliflower). This will usually follow your statement of purpose in the last paragraph of the Introduction.Step7: the arrangement of the writing at the end of the Introduction.●This paper is divid ed into five major sections: Section one opens with….Section two presents…Section three deals with… Section Four reveals…Section five concludes the paper.●We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way…●This paper is structured as follow s…●The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections. Section IIdescribes…Materials and Methods1.… (method) was used to do….2.The study used/made use of/employed the method that….3.描述方法过程的连接词：and/and then/then/next/the next step/before that/after that.Conclusion or Discussion：•Based on the above discussion, the following conclusion can be made that …•From .., it can be concluded that…•In conclusion, the result shows that…•These findings of the research led to the conclusion that..•To sum up, t he research/this study reveals that…•In summary, the result of the experiment demonstrates that…•As a result of our experiments we concluded that…The results：•The data of the experiment are briefly summarized as follows.•Figure 4 shows the results of the study.•Table 6 presents the data obtained in the experiment.•This table summarizes the data collected in this study.•The findings of this study are summarized/listed in Table 7.•The outcome of the experiment is reported in the following table.ABSTRACTProcessing AIT logging information can get more accurate layer real resistivity and mud invasion depth and section. AIT results help to differentiate layer infiltration ability and fluid type, the calculation of mud invasion depth can instruct the level of oil reservoir to be polluted by well drilling directly and offer reference basis for the following work. The development of AIT offers new method to differentiate oil reservoir mud invade and thin layer and means and condition for establishing the explainable method of complex oil reservoir and raising the appraisement precision. This paper studied AIT principle and explainable method as well as contrast aspect with conventional induction resistivity. This paper presents some application examples of Huabei oilfield logging series optimization technology.Subject Terms：AIT logging contrast the method based of radial resistive rateInvasion thin layer apply1. 油集团从油田勘探开发的瓶颈问题入手，研究出一套较高勘探程度富油气凹陷的精细勘探方法，提出并实践了适合该区地质特点的勘探开发一体化地质研究与管理模式。
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文是学术交流和研究成果发布的重要形式之一，对于科学研究人员而言，掌握科技论文的常用句型和写作要点是提高论文质量和影响力的关键。
本文将介绍一些常用的科技论文句型，并分享一些写作要点，帮助科研人员写出更加精彩和专业的科技论文。
一、常用句型1.表达引言和目的：–In recent years, there has been growing interest in…–The purpose of this study is to…–This paper aims to…–The intention of this research is to…这些句型常用于引出研究的背景和目的，为读者提供对研究主题的整体认识。
2.阐述问题：–One of the key research questions is…–The main problem addressed in this study is…– A major challenge in this field is…这些句型用于明确和阐述研究中需要解决的问题和挑战，引起读者的兴趣。
3.描述方法和实验过程：–The research was conducted using a quantitative/qualitative approach.–The experimental setup consisted of…–Data collection was performed through…在描述研究方法和实验过程时，可以使用这些句型来说明研究使用的方法和实验设计的细节。
4.呈现结果和数据分析：–The results of the study indicate…–The data analysis revealed that…–From the findings, it can be concluded that…通过使用这些句型，可以简明扼要地呈现研究的结果和对数据的分析。
英文科技论文特点及常用句式
1、研究目的的表示方法The purpose of this investigation was to ...It was the purpose of the studies reported here to ...The main focus of this study was ...The objective of the present work is to ...The aim of the present study was to ...The present study was aimed at ...The present study was designed to ...The present study is an attempt to ...It was the intent of this study to determine if ...We have embarked on research attempting to ...This study was undertaken with the intent of ...The present investigation was conducted to ...This study was undertaken to ...To gain a better understanding of ...The investigation concentrated on efforts to ...The present study was performed in an effort to ...2、研究动机的表示方法Since the early literature contained a few reports of ...Because of the potential importance of ..., we have investigaed ...Because of the economic potential of ..., we decided to study ...Current work in this laboratory ..., stimulated interest in determining some of ... Prompted by ..., we initiated an examination of ...In view of ..., this study was conducted to examine ...The finding of ..., led us to reinvestigate ...A recent report ..., encouraged us to ...Little attention/effort has been given to ...... are poorly understood ...... have been poorly characterized ...The question have been raised as to whether or not ...... the question arose...3、研究内容的表示方法This article examines ...This research assessed ...This study documents ...The present work has shown ...This report describes ...The paper presents ...Work presented here introduces ...Our forthcoming studies will establish ...In this report, we report ...Here we describe ...In this report we examine ...In this reprot we describe ...... this is the first report of ...This is the first report ...This report contains the first ...Our results are the first report on ...We report here for the first time ...This ..., is the first to ..., reported for ...,This report documents the first ...... this is the first time that ,,,The novelty of this research lies in ...Of particular interest and novelty is ...The evidence presented in this communication demonstrtes ... The data presented in this report represent ...The major idea addressed in this studies ...The emphasis of this study is ...This study is an attempt to ...4、研究报告的数量表示方法..., much efforts has gone into the study of ...Many research groups have recently been involved with ... ... have received fairly intensive study... have done a considerable amount of work on ...Many studies have addressed ...There have been many investigations into ...There have been numerous studies ...A substantial amount of ... information is available on ... There are only a few reprots of ...Only a few studies have dealt with ...Only a few studies have bean performed on...... there are very few studies ...Few studies have involved ...Few studies have centered on ...Investigations ... are extremely few ...A surprisingly limited amount of information exists on ... Reports on ... are extremely scarce.... has been the subject of only a limited number of studies. Information ... is limited.We found no reprots of ...We know of no report concerning ......, no studies ... have been reported ...There are no reports on ...no ... have been documented ...... no information is available concerning ...No data have been published ...To date, no reports have appeared concerning ...None have been reported for ...... information ... is ... lacking ...Virtually nothing is known about ...Little is known of ...very little actually is known about ...There is little known about ...5、注意、兴趣的表示方法... has not received as much attention ...Less attention has been paid ...Relatively little attention has been directed ...... have received very little attention ...Little attention has been given to ...Attention was focused on ...... has recently received increased attention.There is currently great interest in ...... has been the focus of intense research interest. ... has been become a subject of considerable interest.6、研究正在进行的表示方法Studies are under way to ...... are currently under study.Further work is in progress ...Further experiments are in progress to ...Further investigations are in progress to ...Attempts to ... are currently in progress.Efforts continue ...We are presently attempting to determine ...Further studies ... are being conducted ...Our laboratory presently is involved with ...... is being investigated.7、将来工作的建议的表示方法Further work is needed ...Further work is required ...... is worthy of further study.Much more research is needed ...... has to be elucidated.... have to be determined.... requires further testing ...... makes ... worthy of further study.Further studies are contemplated to ...Further research is planned to ...continuing studies will yield further insight into ... Further research ... may yield...Further research should explore ...Further studies should clarify ...... remains to be determined.... remain to be investigated, and ... remains to be tested.... remains to be established.What remains to be resolved ...... remains to be shown.... remains unexplained...., it remains unknown.... remain unanswered ...8、结论的表示方法In conclusion, ...This conclusion is supported ... by ... finding that ...... leads to the conclusion that ...一．科学技术论文的含义科学技术论文简称科技论文。
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结1.引言句型：- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid development of...- In the context of...- It is widely recognized that...2.目的句型：- The purpose of this study is to...- This research aims to...- The objective of this paper is to...3.方法句型：- The experimental design involves...- The research methodology employed in this study includes...4.结果句型：- The results indicate that...- It is evident from the findings that...- The study reveals that...- The data suggests that...5.讨论句型：- The current study has several implications for...- These results are consistent with previous research showing...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- The limitations of this study should be considered, such as...6.结论句型：- In conclusion...- To sum up...- Overall...- This study provides further evidence that...7.建议句型：- It is suggested that future research should focus on...- Further investigation is warranted to...8.引用句型：- According to (author's name), (quote)...- (Author's name) has argued that...- The literature suggests that...9.比较句型：- In contrast to...- On the other hand...- Similarly...10.解释句型：- This can be attributed to...- One possible explanation for this phenomenon is...- The results can be explained by...请注意，在撰写SCI论文时应避免直接复制粘贴以上句型，而是根据具体情况进行适当修改，以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。
英文科技论文写作常用句型
现在把科技英文写作的一些常用句型、套路用语、转折、强调用语甚至是一些搞定评阅人的一些技巧拿出来与大家分享，希望新虫门能从中受惠，顺利跨国发表SCI文章这道坎。
如果觉得有用，别忘了评价。
一些常见的英文文章语言技巧a)如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性，通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如However, little information..little attention...little work...little datalittle researchor few studiesfew investigations...few researchers...few attempts...or nonone of these studieshas (have) been lessdone on ...focused onattempted toconductedinvestigatedstudied(with respect to)Previous research (studies, records) has (have)failed to considerignoredmisinterpretedneglected tooverestimated, underestimatedmisleadedthus, these previus results areinconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial.. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ...这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。
如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用：However, data is still scarcerareless accuratethere is still dearth ofWe need toaim tohave toprovide more documentsdatarecordsstudiesincrease the datasetFurther studies are still necessary...essential...为了强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍自己研究问题的反方面，另一方面等等比如：1)时间问题如果你研究的问题时间上比较新，你就可以大量提及对时间较老的问题的研究及重要性，然后说(However)，对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足2)物性及研究手段问题如果你要应用一种新手段或者研究方向，你可以提出当前比较流行的方法以及物质性质，然后说对你所研究的方向和方法，研究甚少。
985师兄偷偷给的顶刊sci常用句式汇总
【985师兄给的顶刊sci常用句式汇总】作为科研工作者，我们都知道，在科学研究中，发表一篇顶尖期刊（sci）上的论文是非常重要的。
为了提高自己的论文质量，我特意向985师兄请教了一些顶刊sci常用句式，并对其进行了汇总和总结。
现在，我将这些常用句式共享给大家，希望能对大家的科研工作有所帮助。
1. 阐述研究意义- 这项研究的目标是…- 本研究的重要性在于…- 此研究对于解决…问题具有重要意义。
2. 提出假设- 我们假设…- 基于…的基础上，我们提出…3. 描述研究方法- 本研究采用了…- 实验过程中，我们进行了…4. 分析实验结果- 实验结果表明…- 通过数据分析，我们得出…5. 总结研究成果- 我们的研究得出了…- 本研究为…提供了新的证据。
通过这些顶刊sci常用句式，我们可以更准确、更流畅地表达自己的研究成果，增强论文的说服力。
当然，这只是师兄给出的一部分句式，更多的句式需要我们在实际的科研工作中不断总结和积累。
希望大家能够在科研道路上取得更好的成绩！在科研工作中，精准、流畅地表达是非常重要的。
通过积累这些顶刊sci常用句式，我们可以更加深入地揭示问题的本质，帮助我们更好地表达自己的研究成果。
希望这些句式能够对大家的科研工作有所帮助，并在将来的论文写作中发挥作用。
对于我来说，科研工作是一种全新的挑战。
而这份汇总的顶刊sci常用句式，则为我的科研之路增添了一抹亮色。
希望在以后的科研工作中，我能够更加深入地探索知识的海洋，在论文中表达得更加准确、清晰。
随着科技的不断进步和发展，科研工作变得愈发重要。
在这个领域，发表一篇顶尖期刊（SCI）上的论文意味着对世界知识的贡献，也是对自己科研工作的肯定。
在这样的背景下，如何提高论文的质量成为了每个科研工作者必须面对的问题。
在进行科研工作的过程中，我曾向985师兄请教了一些顶刊SCI常用句式，并进行了汇总和总结。
通过与师兄的交流和学习，我意识到在科研工作中，精准、流畅地表达研究成果对于提高论文质量至关重要。
科技论文写作常用句型
科技论文写作常用句型1.摘要（1）文章内容与作者观点•常用词：deal with ,describe ,explain ,illustrate(vt) ,introduce ,present ,report等。
•例句：The basic concepts and data collected are presented.给出了基本概念和所采集的数据。
（2）文章研究课题：•常用词: analyze(vt),consider ,develop ,discuss ,investigate(调查研究) ,state ,study等。
•例句:The relationship between mass(质量) and energy in nature is discussed briefly.简要地讨论自然界中质量与能量的关系。
（3）文章涉及范围•常用词：consist of ,contain ,cover ,include 等。
•例句：This article consists of four parts : introduction，theory ,experimental method ,and conclusion.本文由引言、理论、实践方法与结论四部分组成。
（4）综述某一个领域的研究课题。
•常用词：abstract ,outline ,review ,summarize 等。
•例句: The theory based on materials science is summarized briefly.简单概述了基于材料科学的理论。
（5）文章重点：•常用句型： Attention i s concentrated on …T here is a focus on …A ttention is paid to …T he emphasis is on …•例句：Attention is concentrated on grasping the quantum theory.重点在掌握量子理论上。
学术论文写作中的常见句型与表达方式
学术论文写作中的常见句型与表达方式学术论文写作是大学生活中不可避免的一部分。
无论是撰写学术论文还是进行文献综述，学生们都需要掌握一些常见的句型和表达方式，以提升自己的写作水平和论述能力。
本文将介绍一些常见的学术论文写作句型和表达方式，帮助读者更好地应对学术写作的挑战。
首先，引言部分是学术论文的重要组成部分，它需要引起读者的兴趣并提出研究问题。
在引言中，可以使用一些常见的句型和表达方式。
例如，可以使用“近年来，越来越多的研究表明…”、“随着社会的不断发展…”等句型来引出研究的背景和意义。
此外，还可以使用“本文旨在探讨…”、“本研究旨在解决…”等表达方式来明确研究的目的和研究问题。
其次，论文的正文部分需要进行详细的论述和分析。
在正文中，可以运用一些常见的句型和表达方式来展开论述。
例如，可以使用“首先，我们需要明确…”、“其次，我们可以通过…”等句型来进行逻辑推理和分析。
此外，还可以使用“另一方面，我们可以考虑…”、“与此同时，我们还需要关注…”等表达方式来引出不同观点和对比分析。
除了使用句型和表达方式，学术论文写作还需要注意一些常见的表达方式。
例如，可以使用“据统计数据显示…”、“研究结果表明…”等方式来引用相关研究和数据，以支持自己的论述。
此外，还可以使用“值得注意的是…”、“需要强调的是…”等方式来强调某个重要观点或结论。
另外，还可以使用“总而言之…”、“因此，我们可以得出结论…”等方式来总结自己的研究和论述。
除了以上提到的句型和表达方式，学术论文写作中还需要注意一些写作技巧和注意事项。
首先，要注意语言的准确性和严谨性。
学术论文需要使用准确的词汇和专业术语，避免使用口语化的表达方式。
其次，要注意逻辑的清晰性和连贯性。
论文的论证过程应该有条理，各个部分之间要有明确的逻辑关系。
此外，还要注意文献引用的规范性和准确性。
学术论文需要引用相关的文献来支持自己的观点，引用格式应符合学术规范。
总之，学术论文写作中的常见句型和表达方式对于提升写作水平和论述能力具有重要意义。
sci不同部分的常用句式
sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一，论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。
本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点，分别列举常用的句式，旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。
二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义：- 过去几十年里，关于...的研究取得了显著进展。
(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前，对于...的认识仍然不够充分。
(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题：- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。
(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。
(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计：- 采用了...的方法进行实验。
(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中，我们考虑了...的因素。
(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设，我们采用了...的实验方案。
(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本：- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。
科技论文中常用的句式
一、提出观点：主观角度：1) we confirm（确认、证实）that ：表示不是本文最新提出的2) we believe that：自信的观点不是本文最新提出的一般不用以上两种3) results + indicate thatInfer thatSuggest thatImply that4) we + put forwordDiscoverObserve千万不要加for the first time5）表示不太肯定，倾向于we tentatively（暂时地；试验性地）put forward thatThe results may be due toThis is probably a consequence ofIt seems that *** can account for （对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因）thisIt is possible that it stems from（起源于，比较地道）其中possible不建议使用以上：文中全用1）没创新；全用5）不确定；全用2）则会被拒二、逻辑性连接词：however，提出其他观点：also，in addition表结果：consequently，递进：afterwards（后来）, moreover, further/furthermore转折：although、in contrast、similarly、alternatively因此：therefore除此之外：despite时间顺序：如：AA advocated it for the first time, then BB furthermore demonstrate that…., afterwords, CC …..More recent studies by DD….AA提出，BB提出：AA put forward that …. In contrast, BB believe that ….unlike AA/on the contrary.AA put forward that … similarly, BB believe that …alternativelyalso句子间用：firstly,…secondly….三、其他1. 第一次缩写，必须要写说明：如CSP for short…，或者we present a new mobility model, called Selfsimilar Least-Action Walk (SLAW),不要全盘否定前人成果（即使认为不对），不要说their results are wrong或者very questionable 或has no commonsense可以说their studies may be more reasonable if they had….Considered this situation….their results could better convinced that …their conclusion may remain some uncertains…2. 不是综述不写future work提别人的错误，用在讨论中比较提自己的不足：1) it should be noted that this study has research/focus on only…2)Some limitation of this study are …We have pointed that ..上述两种说法指出文章的片面性提出不足后，要能转回来，否则不提：1)the results do not imply…2)the results can not be used to determine …3)unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data4)our results are lack of …转回来：Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest….(解决不了)Not withstanding：虽然However，these problems can be solved if….3. 参考文献尽量新，写审稿人、权威作者的文献尽量不写et al. 两个作者一定都要写，写页数，加上自己的论文。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总1.引言句:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The issue of... has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry.2.概括句:- In summary, it can be concluded that...- Overall, the findings suggest that...- Taken together, these results indicate that...3.解释原因句:- This can be attributed to...- The main factor contributing to... is...- The reason for this phenomenon can be explained by...4.分析结果句:- The results imply that...- It is evident from the data that...- The findings provide insight into...5.提出观点句:- It is worth noting that...- It can be argued that...6.强调句:- Importantly,...- Of particular significance is...- An important aspect to consider is...7.限定句:- However,...- Nevertheless,...- On the other hand,...8.总结句:- In conclusion, it is clear that...- To sum up,...- Therefore, it can be inferred that...9.建议句:- One possible solution to address this issue is... - It is advisable to...10.进一步研究句:- Future research should focus on...- There is a need for further investigation into...- It would be interesting to explore...注意，在写作过程中，应根据具体情况选择合适的句式，并结合适当的过渡词来使论文内容具有连贯性和逻辑性。
科技论文常用句型
引自：基因酷基因库 »科研写作、基金申请交流版»【转载】英文科技论文写作常用句型科技论文常用句型Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discu sses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical studycurrently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions. 27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aidedinstruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/ Presented/State that/ Described/Illustrated/ Indicated/Has shown / showed/ Address/ Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总下面是一些常用的精彩句式，可用于SCI论文写作：1.引言部分：- "In recent years, there has been a growing interest in..."- "With the rapid development of technology, ..."- "The emergence of [X] has revolutionized the field of [Y]..."- "The importance of [X] in [Y] cannot be overemphasized..."- "Despite the significant progress made in [X], there are still several challenges that need to be addressed, such as..."2.问题陈述：- "One of the major challenges faced by researchers in [field] is how to..."- "The question of [X] has attracted considerable attention from scholars..."- "Despite extensive studies on [X], the underlying mechanism remains unclear..."- "Previous research has focused on [X], but little attention has been paid to..."- "There is an urgent need to investigate the impact of [X] on [Y] and its potential solutions..."3.方法部分：- "To address this issue, we propose a novel approach, which involves..."- "The experimental setup consists of... In order to obtain reliable results, we conducted..."- "Data collection was carried out through a series of interviews/surveys/experiments..."- "This research utilized state-of-the-art techniques such as..."4.结果与讨论部分：- "The results of our study demonstrate a significant correlation between [X] and [Y]..."- "These results not only confirm previous studies, but also shed new light on..."- "The observed trends suggest that [X] plays a crucial role in..."- "We also conducted a statistical analysis to examine the significance of the results..."5.结论部分：- "In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of [X] in [Y] and provides valuable insights into..."- "This research contributes to the existing literature by..."- "In light of these findings, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to address the challenges associated with [X]..."- "Overall, this study enriches our understanding of [X] and paves the way for future research in this field..."请注意，选择合适的句式和用词应根据具体的论文内容和写作场景来决定，以确保语言表达准确、流畅、连贯，并且符合学术规范。
英语科技论文常用句型结构 new
英语科技论文常用句型结构1. Introduction(引言):引言中作者通常提出问题并说明论文的研究目的。
1）研究目的（1）论文导向使用paper, thesis或dissertation这样的特征名词，直接提及研究论文本身，而且此类句子通常采用一般现在时态。
常用的句型有：The purpose of this paper is…/The aim of this report is…/The objective of the paper is to obtain quantitative about the particles size distribution/to model the dynamic behavior in the super-or near-critical CO2 extraction.（2）研究导向study, research, investigation或experiment等特征名词被用来强调研究活动本身。
这类句子是表达已经过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态。
The purpose of the experiment reported here was…/The aim of this study was…/The objective of this research was to determine the preferred viewing distance for work at a visual display unit./to examine the apparent osmotic behavior of some contemporary commercial reverse osmosis membranes.或用被动结构：In the research described here, /In this study, /In the present investigation, /In this research, /In the experimentsreported here, vertical nutrient mixing in late summer in a test area 20 kilometers off the coast was examined.描述研究目的时，最简单的句型是用this paper, this study, this project, this research等词做主语，后面用实意动词作谓语，如investigate, discuss, examine, test等，宾语为研究内容。
imrd常用句式
imrd常用句式IMRD（Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion）是一种常用的科学论文写作结构，用于组织论文的内容。
下面是IMRD常用句式的参考内容，用于指导写作：1. Introduction (引言)：- 说明研究的背景与意义: This study aims toinvestigate/examine/analyze... and its significance/importance in... - 指出现有研究的局限性或缺陷: However, previous studies have some limitations/deficiencies/failures in...- 引出本研究的目的和问题: Thus, this study is conducted to address/answer the following questions:...- 阐明研究方法和数据来源: To achieve this, weutilized/adopted/employed a [methodological approach] in combination with [data source].2. Method (方法)：- 描述研究的参与者和样本: The participants/sample for this study consisted of [number] individuals from [population], who were selected based on [sampling method].- 说明研究中所使用的工具和测量指标: We employed[tool/instrument] to measure [variable]. The reliability/validity of the tool/instrument was tested using [method].- 详细描述实验过程和研究设计: The study followed a [design] design. The experiment was conducted in [location] over a period of [duration]. Participants were randomly assigned to [conditions/groups].- 说明数据收集和分析的过程: Data were collected through[method], and then analyzed using [statistical analysis technique/software] to determine the [relationship/pattern/trends].3. Results (结果)：- 描述统计学数据和研究发现: The results showed that [describe main findings]. Statistical analysis indicated a significant [relationship/difference/effect] between[variables/conditions/groups].- 用图表展示主要数据: Figure [number] presents the [relationship/pattern/trend] between [variables/conditions/groups]. The figure clearly demonstrates that...- 解释统计学结果的重要性和实际意义: The significant [relationship/difference/effect] found in this study suggests that [implications/recommendations]. This finding has important implications for [field/application/industry].4. Discussion (讨论)：- 对比当前研究结果与之前研究: The findings of this study are consistent/inconsistent with previous studies conducted by [researchers]. This may be attributed to [factors/explanations].- 探讨研究结果的原因和潜在机制: Several factors could explain the observed [relationship/difference/effect]. One possible reason is [explanation/theory]. Another potential mechanism is [explanation/theory].- 分析研究的局限性和不足之处: However, this study has some limitations/flaws/weaknesses. First, the sample size was relatively small. Second, the study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting.- 提出进一步研究的建议和方向: Further research is needed to[explore/elaborate/examine] the role of [variables/factors] in [topic/phenomenon]. Future studies should also consider [additional variables/samples/methods].以上是IMRD常用句式的参考内容，希望能对你的写作提供指导。
英语科技论文写作的常用句式
英语科技论文写作的常用句式英语科技论文写作的常用句式导语：英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。
那么它的写作句式都有哪些？以下是小编为大家搜集的文章，欢迎大家阅读与借鉴！研究现状模块的常用句式研究现状模块，主要阐述其他学者、也包括作者本人与论文要探讨的问题或现象相关的研究工作，通常先“总”后“分”地陈述。
研究现状这部分的目的是引出存在的问题。
“总述”常用一个句子概括相关的研究工作，一般用现在完成时：(1)用主动语态时，常用researcher／author／investigator／writer等作主语，如：Many／Several／A number of／Few researchers have studied／investigated／examined／explored／reported on／discussed／considered+研究主题．(2)用被动语态时，常用study／research／investigation／experiment／work／attention等作主语。
如果描述“研究主题”的单词少，那么“研究主题”可置于句中，如：Many studies／researches／investigationes／experimentes on+研究主题+have been performed／done／published．当描述“研究主题”的单词较多时，可置于句末，如：Much work／attention has been performed／done／published on+研究主题．用被动语态时，也可用“研究主题”作主语，如：研究主题+has been studied／investigated／examined／explored／reported on ／discussed／considered by many investigators／several researchers／a number of authors／few writers．又如：The study of+研究主题+has been widely reported／found／published in the literature．“分述”是具体地介绍他人所做的相关研究成果。
学术论文常用句型示例
学术论文常用句型示例引言部分：在学术论文撰写中，使用适当的句型和表达方式可以增强文章的表达力和逻辑性。
本文将介绍一些常用的学术论文句型示例，帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
论点句型：1. 根据统计数据/调查结果/实证研究，可以看出...2. 近年来，普遍认为...3. 研究表明...4. 有理论和实证研究支持，得出结论...5. 鉴于这些证据，我们可以得出结论...阐述评论句型：1. 据观察，...2. 从全球的趋势来看，...3. 事实上，...4. 逐渐引起了人们的关注...5. 不可否认的是...展示数据句型：1. 图表显示了...2. 数据表明...3. 结果显示...4. 从统计数据中可以看出...5. 通过对样本的分析，我们可以得到以下结论...解释原因句型：1. 有几个因素可以解释...2. 影响这一现象的原因主要有...3. 主要的原因之一是...4. 原因是多方面的，包括...5. 造成这种现象的原因是...提出观点句型：1. 最新的研究支持了这一观点...2. 这一观点值得进一步探讨...3. 高度认同/支持这一理论...4. 提出这一观点的背景是...5. 这一观点得到了广泛的关注和讨论...对比分析句型：1. 与A不同，B则...2. 相比之下，A更加...3. A和B之间的差异在于...4. 与此同时，A也有一些相似之处...5. 尽管有些相似之处，A和B在某些方面仍然存在差异...总结句型：1. 综上所述，我们可以得出结论...2. 因此，我们可以得出这样的结论...3. 总体来说，这一研究表明...4. 这些发现有助于我们更好地理解...5. 在未来的研究中，我们需要进一步探讨...结语：通过运用以上学术论文常用句型示例，读者可以在撰写学术论文时更好地表达自己的观点和论证。
当然，在实际写作中，灵活运用这些句型，并结合具体的研究内容和实证材料，能够使论文更具说服力和可读性。
sci论文写作常常用到的句式
sci论文写作常常用到的句式论文句式都不是自己凭空创造出来的,特别是对于写作新手, 开始的时候都需要套用前人的文章“临摹”找找感觉.下面是小编为大家精心推荐的sci论文写作常常用到的句式，希望能够对您有所帮助。
sci论文写作常常用到的句式Introduction引言部分介绍此项研究的主题、背景、范畴，并说明全文的结构，便于读者阅读，一般包含几项内容：1. 背景介绍2. 现有问题3. 研究目标4. 篇章结构1.背景介绍…has been a hot topic in … research.在…研究中，…已成为研究热点。
…is the … problem that has received the most attention in the … literature.在…文献中，…是受到最多关注的…问题。
…have attracted much attention from academia.…已经引起学术界的很大关注。
…has been of considerable interest to the … community in recent years.近年来，…已经引起…界的极大关注。
It is well known that …众所周知，…It is reported that …据报导，…There have been studies highlighting …此前已经有一些针对…的研究。
Over the past 3 decades, …在过去的三十年，…The previous work on … has indicated that …先前关于…的研表明…Recent experiments by … have suggested …最近…做的实验表明…Recent experiments in this area suggested that …这个领域的最新实验表明…The approach adopted extensively is called …被广泛采用的方法称为…Several researchers have theoretically investigated …有几个研究者已经从理论上考察了…In most studies of …, … has been emphasized with attention being given to …在大多数对…的研究中，…受到高度重视，人们关注的是…Industrial application of … is becoming increasingly common.…的工业化应用日益普及。
SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全
一．好的论文题目是成功的一半好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。
我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机？以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类：1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2 reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210)类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency exceeding 1% (Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615)这种题目适合哪类文章？适合于那种性能极其显著的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al.的 Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。
这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。
要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。
因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。
如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。
2.1 Quantifying the promotion of Cu catalysts by ZnO for methanol synthesis ( Science,2016, 352, 969-974.)2.2 Exploring the origin of high optical absorption in conjugated polymers. (Nature Materials 2016, DOI:10.1038/nmat4645)2.3 Promoting solution phase discharge in Li–O2 batteries containing weakly solvatingelectrolyte solutions (Nature Materials 2016, DOI: 10.1038/nmat4629)2.4 Reconstructing solute-induced phase transformations within individual nanocrystals (NatureMaterials 2016, doi:10.1038/nmat4620)2.5 Tailoring the nature and strength of electron–phonon interactions in the SrTiO3(001) 2D electron liquid (Nature Material, 2016, doi:10.1038/nmat4623)我简单地检索了下Nature Materials上面的文章题目，发现这种类型的题目真的非常多。
科学论文写作与发表：分类句式用语
科学论文写作与发表：分类句式用语胡庚申申云桢（清华大学外语系，北京 100084）一、引言科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。
掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。
那么，常用的句型、句式怎样分类比较科学?通常用到的句式为哪些类型?各种类型又有哪些基本表达方法? 所有这些问题，都拟在本文内例述和研讨。
为什么要掌握分类句式用语呢？因为，首先，这有利于避免不必要的重复。
许多有用的句型，通常出现在科学论文的不同部分，如表示研究目的用语，不仅在论文摘要中用到，而且在引言、讨论、甚至结论等部分都会用到。
如果我们在讲述怎样写作各部分时都列举类似的用语，势必造成重复、赘述。
现在把它们集中起来分类例述，就能避免不必要的重复。
其次，掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达。
把英美人写作论文时的句式用语集中地进行分类选择，有利于广大专业技术人员和研究生们学习、模仿比较地道、规范的英语表达，有利于节约时间，避免费力耗时地造出“蹩脚的”、甚至“中国式”的英语表达。
第三，掌握分类句式用语有利于写作中的多样化表达。
把表达相同或相似概念的不同表达方式集中分类，便于写作中选择、比较，有利于交替使用不同的句型，避免句式单调、用词单一，实现表达多样。
再则，掌握分类句式用语也符合科学论文的写作规律。
因为常用的句型是写作中客观存在的，它们的使用已基本上格式化了，而且使用的频率又很高，所以对常用的句式用语进行科学的分类，是一件有实用意义的工作。
至于怎样分类，这主要是从两个方面考虑。
一是从逻辑思维角度考虑。
人们总是首先提出问题，然后分析和解决问题，最后得出结果或结论。
这可以看作是解决问题的一种“模式”。
这种“模式”，也可作为我们分类选择句式用语时的指导思想。
二是从写作程式角度考虑。
任何一篇科学论文的写作，大都要：①指出其研究的目的，②限定其讨论的范围，③说明其理论的依据，④描述其实验的步骤，⑤介绍其工作的方法，⑥展示其研究的结果，⑦作出科学的评价等。
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科学论文写作与发表：分类句式用语胡庚申申云桢（清华大学外语系，北京 100084）一、引言科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。
掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。
那么，常用的句型、句式怎样分类比较科学?通常用到的句式为哪些类型?各种类型又有哪些基本表达方法? 所有这些问题，都拟在本文内例述和研讨。
为什么要掌握分类句式用语呢？因为，首先，这有利于避免不必要的重复。
许多有用的句型，通常出现在科学论文的不同部分，如表示研究目的用语，不仅在论文摘要中用到，而且在引言、讨论、甚至结论等部分都会用到。
如果我们在讲述怎样写作各部分时都列举类似的用语，势必造成重复、赘述。
现在把它们集中起来分类例述，就能避免不必要的重复。
其次，掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达。
把英美人写作论文时的句式用语集中地进行分类选择，有利于广大专业技术人员和研究生们学习、模仿比较地道、规范的英语表达，有利于节约时间，避免费力耗时地造出“蹩脚的”、甚至“中国式”的英语表达。
第三，掌握分类句式用语有利于写作中的多样化表达。
把表达相同或相似概念的不同表达方式集中分类，便于写作中选择、比较，有利于交替使用不同的句型，避免句式单调、用词单一，实现表达多样。
再则，掌握分类句式用语也符合科学论文的写作规律。
因为常用的句型是写作中客观存在的，它们的使用已基本上格式化了，而且使用的频率又很高，所以对常用的句式用语进行科学的分类，是一件有实用意义的工作。
至于怎样分类，这主要是从两个方面考虑。
一是从逻辑思维角度考虑。
人们总是首先提出问题，然后分析和解决问题，最后得出结果或结论。
这可以看作是解决问题的一种“模式”。
这种“模式”，也可作为我们分类选择句式用语时的指导思想。
二是从写作程式角度考虑。
任何一篇科学论文的写作，大都要：①指出其研究的目的，②限定其讨论的范围，③说明其理论的依据，④描述其实验的步骤，⑤介绍其工作的方法，⑥展示其研究的结果，⑦作出科学的评价等。
这种基本“程式”，正是我们分类选择句式用语的实践依据。
鉴于上述，我们在本文内对科学论文写作中常用的句式用语进行了分类，并选择了240余条例句供参考。
俗语说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。
我们深信，掌握英语科学论文写作中常用的句式用语，无疑会有助于科学论文的写作。
二、“指出目的”的句式用语1. 主要用场指出研究目的句型在英语科学论文中反复出现，这类句型用语比较集中地使用在论文的摘要、引言、讨论、结论等部分。
指出研究目的的常用表达有：“本文的主要目的……”，“该项工作主要是关于……”，“该项工作的主要目的是……”，“该项研究的主要目的是……”，“该项实验主要是为了……”等等。
2. 常用句式（1）本文的主要目的是……①The purpose of this paper is…②The primary goal of this research is…③The intention of this paper is to survey…④The overa11 objective of this study is…⑤ In this paper,…was provided (given，i11ustrated)⑥Our goal has been to provide…⑦ In this paper，we aim at…⑧The emphasis of this study lies in…（2）该项工作是关于……①The present work is concerned with the processes underlying…②The above work deals with the mechanism involved in…③Our work at present is devoted to the changes occurring in…④The work we have done bears on the effects produced by…⑤The work we are doing is closely related to the deliberations described in ．⑥Compared with the current research，the previous work was in connection with theinvestigation made by…⑦The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the following…⑧The authors are now initiating some experimental investigation to establish…⑨Our studies were performed to determine the amount of…⑩The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of…（3）该项工作的主要目的是…①The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of …②The main purpose of our recent work was to examine the properties of…③The major object of their further work will be research into the nature of…④Our work in this direction has been intended to provide some information about…⑤The work which is being done now is designed to find some solution to the problemof…⑥Work of this kind has been started in order to assess the role of …⑦Previous work in this area was initiated in the hope of obtaining data in…⑧We did this work hoping to establish…⑨The authors undertook the work with a view to show…⑩By doing this work we expect(ed) to demonstrate…⑾Doing this joint work, we intend(ed) to show…⑿The primary objective of our work was to define the reasons for redundant protection systems and give examples of systems used in …⒀With research of many years, the author’s endeavour is to explain why in…⒁The above-mentioned work has been performed with a view of …（4）该项研究的主要目的是 …①The chief aim of the present study is to find out…②The primary object of this fundamental research will be to reveal the cause of …③The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of…④ The study of …was made in order to clarify…⑤The above study has been carried out to determine…⑥ Their(pioneer)studies were intended to elucidate…⑦Those earlier investigations are in hopes of providing evidence for…⑧ We performed this present study in the hope that we might bring to light somefacts about…⑨The authors attempted their studies in order that they might…⑩We undertook the above study to the end that we might…⑾They initiated the present study so that they might…⑿Carrying out this study we hope to find out…⒀Performing these studies the author intended to reveal…⒁With recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of…（5）该项实验主要是为了①We made these experiments in order to show a correlation between…② The author attempted the set of experiment with a view to demonstrate certain phenomena…③ Experiments on…were made in order to measure the amount of…④ Experiments involving…have been carried out to determine…⑤Experiments using this technique are (not )under way test(check) …⑥ Experiments on…are made to answer the question whether…⑦The experiment being made by our research group is aimed at obtaining the result of…⑧We have designed such an experiment for the purpose of …三、“限定范围”的句式用语1. 主要用场限定主题范围的句式用语，在英文科学论文中常出现在“引言”和“讨论”中。