《英美文学选读》中诗歌和戏剧的应试
《英美文学选读》复习资料
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一． 课程介绍：课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、语言、语言、文化发文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
戏剧、小说、散文等。
二． 《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：识记： 有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：领会： 在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf 3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance 4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献的文学贡献二．练习：二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______. A . Old----Renaissance A. Old----Renaissance B. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of England C . Middle ---- Renaissance C. Middle ---- Renaissance D. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England 2).. 2).. The The The Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English English literature literature literature extends extends extends from from from 1066 1066 1066 up up up to to to the the ______ century. A . mid-13th A. mid-13th B. mid-14th C. mid-15th D. mid-16th 3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons. A . sonnet A. sonnet B. essay C. epic D. novel 4). 4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us us a comprehensive realistic a comprehensive realistic picture picture of of of the the the English English English society society society of of of his his his time time time and and and created created created a a a whole whole whole gallery gallery gallery of of of vivid vivid characters from all walks of life. A. A. Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer B. B. William Shakespeare Shakespeare C. C. Francis Bacon D. William Langland 5). 5). For For For the the the Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, ______ ______ ______ was was was regarded regarded regarded as as as the the the English English English Homer. Homer. His reputation reputation has has has been been been securely securely securely established established established as as as one one one of of of the the the best best best English English English poets poets poets for for for his his wisdom, humor and ______. A . Geoffrey Chaucer----wits A. Geoffrey Chaucer----wits B. William Shakespeare----wits C . Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity C. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity D. William Shakespeare----humanity 6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______. A . Old English, Greek, Latin A. Old English, Greek, Latin B. Old English, French, Latin C . Old English, Greek, French C. Old English, Greek, French D. English, Greek, French 7). 7). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer is is is the the the greatest greatest greatest writer writer writer of of of the the the Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______. A . couplet A. couplet B. blank verse C. heroic couplet D. epic 8). 8). Thematically Thematically Thematically the the the poem poem poem “Beowulf” “Beowulf” “Beowulf” presents presents presents a a a vivid vivid vivid picture picture picture of of of how how how the the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______. A. A. spiritual----hero B . B. natural----leader C. spiritual----god D. natural----monster 9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come. A . man A. man B. theory C. doctrine D. era 10). 10). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer introduced introduced introduced from from from France France France the the the rhymed rhymed rhymed stanzas stanzas stanzas of of of various various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse. A . rhymed A. rhymed B. alliterative C. social D. visionary 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). Romance 2). Heroic Couplet 3). Epic 3. Answer the following questions. 1). How many groups do the Old English poetry poetry divided into? What divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why? 2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature? Chapter1. The The Renaissance Period一．重点一．重点前言部分前言部分1． 文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2． 人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3． 文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：练习：Renaissance Period 1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). 1). The The The Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, in in in essence, essence, essence, is is is a a a historical historical historical period period period in in in which which which the the the European European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval medieval Europe, Europe, Europe, to to to introduce introduce introduce new new new ideas ideas ideas that that that expressed expressed expressed the the the interests interests interests of of of the the the rising rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. A . Greek and Roman A. Greek and Roman B. humanist C. religious D. loyal 2). 2). Generally, Generally, Generally, the the the ______ ______ ______ refers refers refers to to to the the the period period period between between between the the the 14th 14th 14th and and and mid-17th mid-17th centuries. centuries. It It It first first first started started started in in in Italy, Italy, with with the the the flowering flowering flowering of of of painting, painting, painting, sculpture sculpture sculpture and and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. A. Medieval Period B . B. Renaissance C. Old English Period D . D. Romantic Period 3). ______ is is the the the essence essence of of the the the Renaissance. Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists. A. Humanity---- William Shakespeare B. Humanism-----Francis Bacon C. Humanity---- Geoffrey Chaucer D. Humanism----William Shakespeare 4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The The most most most famous famous famous dramatists dramatists dramatists in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance England England England are are are Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe, Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______. A . novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer A. novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer B. poetry----Francis Bacon C . drama----Ben Jonson C. drama----Ben Jonson D. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer 5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique antique authors authors authors and and and is is is frequently frequently frequently taken taken taken as as as the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance on on on its its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things. A . Roman ---- moral A. Roman ---- moral B. French---- reason C. Roman---- man D. French---- God 6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand. A. Latin B. French C. Greek D. Anglo-Saxon 7). 7). Wyatt, Wyatt, Wyatt, in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance period, period, period, introduced introduced introduced the the the Petrarchan Petrarchan Petrarchan ______ ______ ______ into into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse. A. drama----free B . B. sonnet----blank C . C. terzarima----blank D. couplet----free 8). 8). In In In the the the early early early stage stage stage of of of the the the English English English Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, poetry poetry poetry and and and ______ ______ ______ were were were the the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. A. fiction B. dramatic fiction C. poetic drama D. novel 9). 9). By By By emphasizing emphasizing emphasizing the the the dignity dignity dignity of of of human human human beings beings beings and and and the the the importance importance importance of of of the the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. A. humanists B. Protestants C. Catholics D. playwrights 10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science in England. A . A. A. Edmund Edmund Edmund Spenser Spenser B. B. Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe Marlowe C. C. Francis Francis Francis Bacon Bacon D. Ben Jonson 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). the Renaissance Period 2). blank verse 3). Humanism 3. Answer the following questions. 1). 1). Make Make Make a a a comment comment comment on on on the the the influence influence influence of of of Italian Italian Italian literary literary literary works works works upon upon upon the the literature in the Renaissance England. 2). Make a comment on humanism 3). 3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England? 文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
00604英美文学选读考试技巧
00604英美文学选读考试技巧英美文学选读考试技巧如下：1. 阅读经典作品：熟悉英美文学中的经典作品是考试的基础。
阅读这些作品能够帮助你理解作者的主题、文体和文化背景。
2. 掌握作者和作品的背景知识：了解作者的生平、作品的创作背景和历史背景对理解文学作品很有帮助。
这些背景知识能够让你更好地分析作品的含义和主题。
3. 注意作品的文体和语言技巧：文学作品通常具有特定的文体和语言技巧，例如诗歌的韵律和修辞手法，小说的叙事风格和人物描写等。
注意作品中的这些细节，能够帮助你更好地理解和解释作品。
4. 注意作品的主题和象征意义：文学作品常常探讨一些深刻的主题和象征意义，如人性、爱情、权力等。
理解作品的主题和象征意义是解读作品的关键。
5. 提前做好笔记和总结：在阅读和学习文学作品时，记得做好笔记，包括作品的关键信息、重要事件和主要人物等。
这样有助于你回顾和总结，并在考试前快速复习。
6. 增加阅读量和训练速读技巧：多读英美文学作品，增加阅读量，可以更好地熟悉各种文学作品的风格和氛围。
另外，提高阅读速度也是必要的，尤其是在限时考试中。
7. 参加讨论和写作练习：通过参加讨论和写作练习让自己更好地理解和应用英美文学作品。
与其他人讨论作品能够帮助你获得不同的观点和解读，并提高自己的思考能力。
8. 制定合理的学习计划：为了提高文学选读的考试成绩，制定一个合理的学习计划是必要的。
合理规划时间，分配阅读和复习任务，能够更好地掌握考试内容。
9. 模拟考试：在考试前进行模拟考试，将自己置于真实的考试环境中。
这样可以帮助你熟悉考试的时间限制和考试题型，并调整自己的答题策略。
10.保持积极的心态：考试前保持积极的心态对于取得好的成绩至关重要。
相信自己的能力，相信自己在长时间的准备中已经做得足够好，这样你的答题能力会更加出色。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学是非常重要的一部分，通过诗歌的学习可以帮助学生更好地理解文学作品的内涵和情感表达，提高学生的文学素养和审美能力。
以下是关于英美文学选读课程中诗歌教学的一些建议。
诗歌教学应该突出对诗歌形式的分析。
诗歌是一种艺术性很强的文学形式，通过诗歌形式的分析可以帮助学生更好地理解诗歌的结构和韵律，把握诗歌的语言和节奏感。
教师可以通过讲解诗歌的韵律规律、押韵形式、句式结构等内容，让学生学会欣赏和分析诗歌的形式美。
诗歌教学还应该重视对诗歌主题和意义的解读。
诗歌是一种表达情感和思想的文学形式，通过诗歌的主题和意义的解读，可以让学生更深入地理解诗人的情感体验和世界观。
教师可以引导学生通过阅读和分析诗歌的文字、意象和隐喻，去探究诗人的情感表达和思想内涵，进而培养学生的审美情操和文学素养。
诗歌教学还可以通过创作和朗诵的形式进行。
通过诗歌创作可以培养学生的创造力和表达能力，让学生亲身体验诗歌的艺术魅力。
教师可以组织学生进行诗歌创作活动，鼓励学生借鉴英美文学中的诗歌形式和主题，展示他们的创造力和表达能力。
教师还可以组织学生进行诗歌朗诵比赛，让学生有机会在舞台上展示自己的朗诵技巧和感情表达。
诗歌教学应该注重培养学生的阅读兴趣和持之以恒的阅读习惯。
英美文学中有许多优秀的诗歌作品，学生应该通过阅读和欣赏来感受诗歌的魅力。
教师可以为学生推荐经典的英美诗歌作品，引导学生主动参与到诗歌的阅读和讨论中去。
通过多样化的教学手段和资源，激发学生的阅读兴趣，培养学生持之以恒的阅读习惯，使他们能够在诗歌阅读中不断提升自己的文学素养和审美能力。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学是文学教育中必不可少的一部分，它可以帮助学生更
好地了解英美文学中的文化传统与历史背景，并培养学生对文学艺术的鉴赏能力和文学批
评的能力。
在诗歌教学中，教师需要注重引导学生学会如何阅读和理解诗歌，包括诗歌的结构、
语言和意象等。
首先，在课堂上，教师可以逐一解读每一首诗歌，对诗歌的内容进行分析，帮助学生理解诗歌的主题和情感表达。
然后，教师可以让学生在小组中自由讨论诗歌的意
义和内涵，并且引导学生自己分析诗歌的结构、诗歌表达中的意象和意义，培养学生对文
学的独立思考和解释能力。
其次，教师可以通过诗歌教学培养学生一定的文化素养。
在学习诗歌的过程中，学生
可以加深对英美文化与历史的了解，了解诗歌背后的社会背景和历史时代背景，进而理解
诗歌的文化内涵。
此外，学生还可以了解诗歌的作者及其背景、作品的成因和发展趋势等，拓宽自己的文化视野和认知能力。
最后，在诗歌教学中，教师应该使学生学会欣赏与鉴赏诗歌，从而培养他们的审美意
识和敏锐度。
教师可以让学生学习不同的文学流派和诗歌风格，引导他们感受不同的文化
表达和艺术创作的不同风格。
而且，在学习中，教师可以将诗歌配上音乐、图片、视频等
多媒体手段，让学生在不同的语境下感受诗歌的不同魅力，提高他们的欣赏能力和鉴赏水平。
总之，英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学不仅有助于学生对诗歌的理解和解读，还可以
促进学生文化素养和审美能力的提升，有利于学生整体人文素质和人格修养的提高。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学是培养学生艺术修养、提高语言表达能力和文学鉴赏
能力的重要一环。
通过诗歌教学，我们可以使学生更好地理解和欣赏不同时代、不同地域
和不同风格的诗歌作品，培养他们对美的感知和审美情趣。
诗歌教学有助于提高学生的文学鉴赏能力。
通过分析和比较不同诗人、不同时期的诗
歌作品，学生可以进一步了解诗歌的发展历程和不同的艺术风格。
他们可以从中体会到不
同作者对人生、自然和社会的思考和表达方式，领略到不同文化和社会背景下的诗歌创作
风貌。
这样的体验可以拓宽学生的文化视野，培养他们对文学艺术的兴趣和热爱，并激发
他们对文学创作的探索和思考。
诗歌教学还可以培养学生的创造力和想象力。
在分析和欣赏他人的诗歌作品的学生也
有机会展示自己的诗歌创作。
通过模仿和创作诗歌，学生可以锻炼自己的创造力和想象力，培养写作的兴趣和能力。
他们可以通过诗歌，表达自己内心的情感和思维，展示自己的独
特观点和创意。
这样的写作训练不仅可以提高学生的表达能力和批判性思维，还可以帮助
他们发现自我和塑造自我。
英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学具有重要的教育意义和艺术价值。
通过诗歌教学，我
们可以培养学生的语言表达能力、文学鉴赏能力、审美情趣和创造力。
这样的教学不仅能
够丰富学生的知识储备，还能够培养他们全面发展的文化素养和人文精神。
在英美文学选
读课程中，诗歌教学不可或缺，且应得到充分重视和有效实施。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学内容摘要:本文旨在探索英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学实践。
从为期六周的实践来看：1）混合式教学法有助于学生对文学基本知识的掌握;2）翻转课堂在锻炼学生赏析能力的同时也暴露出了不少问题，解决好这些问题能够培养学生的应用能力；3）该课程需要教授同一课头的教师集体备课。
关键词:地方本科院校英美文学选读诗歌英美文学选读课程长久以来一直是英语专业高年级的核心课程。
然而高校英语专业目前遇到了前所未有的生存危机。
如何在危机之下进行课程设计成为每一个教师应该思考的问题。
笔者就此课程中的诗歌教学提出了一些想法,希望取得抛砖引玉的作用。
一.学校办学定位与学院办学特色1.应用型本科地方高校笔者所在的常州工学院目前“正向着建成特色鲜明的高水平应用型地方大学的目标不断迈进”。
应用型不等于重技能而轻知识，"高水平”三个字正向二级学院提出了高要求，即"让每个人拥有创造力，并学以致用”（学校概况,2019）。
2.学院办学特色至今关于高校英语专业的生存危机话题不绝于耳，各校卯足了劲儿在办学定位上暗下功夫。
笔者比较认同英语教育专家束定芳老师的观点，即英语专业想要复兴,那就“既要培养为社会现实需求服务的技能型人才，又要为为了能出学贯中西的大家做铺垫；既要服务国家和民族兴盛的大利益，又要满足个人就业或自我完善的小需求。
”常州工学院外国语学院也正朝着这一方向发展，致力于地方性、应用型、复合型外语人才的培养。
（学院概况，2019）o结合英美文学选读课程来看,2018级的英语培养方案对毕业生的要求是，学生必须掌握英语语言文学知识，并具备思辨能力，能够使用英语分析、理解和表达，具有探索和实践创新能力。
英美文学选读课程的大纲更加细化了教学要求，即希望该课程能够促进学生掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法，提高学生的语言基本功、人文素质和阅读、欣赏英语文学原著的能力，为学生今后进行文化交流和对话奠定必要的审美基础。
英美文学选读复习
英美文学选读复习英美文学选读复习1．莎士比亚的生平2．莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯3．莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义（1）威尼斯商人4．莎士比亚的诗歌（1）叙事诗（2）十四行诗 185．莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义（1）对社会现实的批判（2）对人文主义的颂歌6．莎士比亚的艺术成就（1）人物塑造（2）情节结构（3）语言风格7．选读十四行诗 18 的主题、意象《威尼斯商人》的主题、人物性格、语言特点《哈姆雷特》的主题、人物性格、语言特点B约翰?弥尔顿1．弥尔顿的生平2．弥尔顿的文学创作3．《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点4．选读史诗《失乐园》故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、作品意义C亚历山大?蒲伯1．蒲伯的生平及创作生涯2．蒲伯的时代观与文学观3．蒲伯的主要作品介绍4．蒲伯的语言风格5．选读《论批评》第二部分（1）作品简介（2）作品体裁、结构、语言风格D丹尼尔笛福1．笛福的生平：个人事业和社会活动2．笛福的社会观3．笛福的主要作品介绍4．笛福的创作特点5．选读：《鲁滨逊漂流记》4故事简介作者的创作意义：时代精神的.写照1．华兹华斯的生平及创作生涯2．华兹华斯的诗歌创作主张3．华兹华斯的诗歌（1）抒情诗：《丁灯寺旁》4．华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就6．华兹华斯的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响7．选读：《我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云》《作于西敏寺桥上》《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》《孤独的割麦女》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等F珀?比?雪莱1．雪莱的生平2．雪莱的诗歌创作主张3．雪莱的主要作品抒情诗：《西风颂》《云雀颂》诗剧：《解放了的普罗米修斯》4．雪莱诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．雪莱的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响6．选读：《西风颂》：主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色G约翰?济慈1．济慈的生平及创作生涯2．济慈的美学思想3．济慈的主要诗作《夜莺颂》《希腊古瓮颂》《安底弥翁》《伊莎贝拉》4．济慈诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5．济慈的诗歌对同时代英国文学的影响6．选读：《希腊古瓮颂》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等H简?奥斯汀1．奥斯汀的生平及创作生涯2．奥斯汀的小说创作思想3．奥斯汀的小说《理智与情感》《诺桑觉寺》《曼斯菲尔德公园》《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《劝告》4．奥斯汀小说的主要特点及社会意义5．奥斯汀的小说对后世英国文学的影响6．选读：《傲慢与偏见》1 主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、表现手法等I查尔斯?狄更斯1．狄更斯的生平及创作生涯2．狄更斯作品中的批判现实主义思想与社会改良主义倾向3．狄更斯前期作品的思想与艺术特征4．狄更斯后期作品的思想与艺术特征5．狄更斯的创作特色与艺术成就（1）语言（2）3种人物的刻画（3）幽默与哀婉情感的交融6．狄更斯小说目录7．选读《雾都孤儿》第3章故事简介主题：济贫院J夏洛特?布朗蒂1．夏洛特的生平2．夏洛特的创作思想和主题3．选读《简?爱》第23章故事梗概作品的批判现实主义思想作品的社会意义作品女主人公的形象在逆境中求自我道德完善的主题K托马斯?哈代1．哈代的生平与创作2．哈代的创作倾向：传统观念与现代思想的并存3．哈代作品中的“宿命观”4．哈代作品中的批判现实主义思想5．哈代作品的艺术特色6．选读《德伯家的苔丝》19 故事梗概作品主题L威廉?勃特勒?叶芝1．叶芝的生平及文学生涯2．叶芝的诗歌创作思想3．叶芝诗歌的代表作品（1）早期诗歌：（2）中期诗歌（3）晚期诗歌4．叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义5．叶芝诗歌的艺术成就6．叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响7．叶芝的戏剧创作8．选读：《茵纳斯弗利岛》《在阔叶柳花园旁边》M D．T．S．艾略特1．艾略特的生平几创作生涯2．艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观点3．艾略特的主要诗歌作品（1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》（2）《荒原》4．艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义5．艾略特的戏剧6．艾略特的艺术成就7．艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对当代英国的影响8．《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义9．选读《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 N戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1．劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯2．劳伦斯的创作思想3．劳伦斯的主要小说（1）《儿子与情人》《虹》《恋爱中的女人》4．劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义5．劳伦斯的诗歌与戏剧6．劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响7．《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义8．选读《儿子与情人》人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等。
《英美文学选读》英美文学选读模拟题二及答案.docx
英美文学选读模拟题二A.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. (20x1 points)()1. _________ is regarded as the pioneer of English drama.A.William ShakespeareB.Christopher Marlowe.C.Edmund SpenserD.John Donne()2. n She I compare thee to a summers day?” This is the beginning line of Shakespeare'sA.songsB.playsediesD.son nets()3. Thomas Gray f s masterpiece, __________ once and for all established his fame ass the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially "The Graveyard Schocd”.A.Ode on the SpringB.Ode on a Distant Prospect Of Eton CollegeC.Hymn to AdversityD.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard()4. Which play is regarded ass the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A.She Stoops to ConquerB.The RivalsC.The School for ScandalD.The Conscious Lovers()5. The publication of f,_________ H marked the beginning of Romantic Age.A.Don JuanB.The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC.The Lyrical BalladsD.Queen Mab()6. As a new kind of ideology, _______ was widely accepted and practised in the later Victorian period.A.earnestnessB.utilitarianismC.respectabilityD.modesty()7. In his novels, Charles Dickens depicted a lot of child characters except _____________ .A.Oliver TwistB.Little NellC.Little DorritD.Charles Surface()8. ________ is acknowledged by many as the most original poet of the Victorian period.A.Robert BrowningB.Alfred TennysonC.George EliotD.John Keats()9. ________ is the last important novelist and poet of the 19th century.A.Thomas HardyB.George EliotC.Alfred TennysonD.Robert Browning()10. _______ does not belong to the post - modernism after the Second World War.A.Existentialist literatureB.Black HumorC.Heater of the AbsurdD.Stream of consciousness()11. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence, the subject matter is ____________ ・A.the social turmoilB.the hypocrisy of the capitalismC.love and marriageD.human relati on ships()12. James Joyce's works are popular with the readers for in his writings Joyce uses the following kinds of expressing methods.A.sentimental romanceB.historical stylisticsC.in versionD.counterpoint()13. _______ f s f,Leaves of Grass11 established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century.A.Edger Allen PoeB.James Russel LowellC.John Greenleaf WhitterD.Walt Whitman()14. In his essays, Ralph Waldo Emerson put forward his philosophy except of __________ .A.religionB.the over - soulC.the importance of the in dividualD.nature()15. In the following statements, __________ is not true about the local colorism in American literary realism.A.Their writings are concerned with the life of a small, well - defined region or province.B.The characteristic selling is the isolated small town.C.Their materials were extensive or wide ・ ranging, and the topics were connective.D.Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life, recorders of a present that faded before their eyes.()16. H______ 蔦a novella about a young American girl who gets "killecT by the winter in Rome, brought James inter national fame for the first time.A.The AmericanB.Daisy MillerC.The EuropeansD.The Portrait of a Lady()17. In his f,_______ Dreiser f s focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the American financial tycoons in the late 19th century.A.Sister CarrieB.An American TragedyC.The GeniusD.Trilogy of Desire()18・______ is not among those greatest figures in "The Lost Generation11 or modern American literature.A.Ezra PoundB.Robert FrostC.Walt WhitmanD.William Carlos Williams()19. Robert Frost recited 11_______ ” at President Kennedy f s inauguration.A.The road Not TakenB.Mending the WallC.The Gift OutrightD.Birches()20. Mark Twain^ best works were produced when he was in the prime of his life. All these masterworks drew upon ________ .A.the scenes and emotions of his boyhood and youthB.the hypocrisy of the capitalismC.the bleak view of human natureD.the miserable life of the lower - class poorplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. ( 20x1 points)1 • In f,The Canterbury Tales1', Chaucer employed the _________ with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.2.Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the H_________ ”.3.The term H_________ H is commonly used to name the work of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.4.Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest non dramatic poet of the Elizabetha n age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece ”___________ u.5.Swift is a master ______ , his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.6.From the middle part to the end of the 18th century, in English literature__________ flourished. They were mostly stories of mystery and horror which take place in some haunted or dilapidated middle age castles.7.As a leading romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the ,f _________ ”，a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.8.________ is regarded as a ^worshipper of nature11.9.All of Charles Dickens f s later works, with the exception of f,______________ f,(1859), present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.10.Bernard Shaw began his career as a dramatist in 1892, when his first play ”_________ f,(1892) was put on by the independent theater society.11.__________ was regarded as father of the American short stories.12.The way in which _______ wrote "The Scarlet Letter11 suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.13.The most important feature of Mark 7wain f s Ianguage is the use of vernacular, or ___________ .14.H _________ 11 is Browning^ best - known dramatic monlogue.15.Ezra PouncTs major work of poetry is the long poem called ___________ .16.Hemingway's H____________ H (1936) tells a brilliant short story about a martially wounded American writer who attempts to redeem his imagination from the corrosions of wealth and domestic strife.17.__________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.18.Pound was the leader of a now movement in poetry which he called the ”________ 11 movement.19.M After Apple - Picking H is a well - known poem written by ____________ .20.George Eliot's greatest achievement is ,f __________ ,f.C.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets・(10x1 points)()1 ・fl Dr. Faustus11 is a play based on the English Lege nd of a magician aspiring for knowledge and fin ally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.()2. Swift is a master satirist. His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which ren ders his satire all the more powerful. His H A Modest Proposal11 is gen erally taken as a perfect model.()3. Shelley's greatest achievement is his four ・ act poetic drama, "Prometheus Unbound M. (1820)()4・ Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy f s works, there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge as the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and morals which strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships.()5. Hardy is the founder of the '"stream of consciousness11 school of novel writing.()6. American romanticism was in a way derivative; American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.()7. With the publication of "Daisy Miller11, Henry James1 reputation was firmly established on both sides of the Atlantic and Daisy Miller has ever since become the American girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the old world.()8. Altogether, Dickinson wrote 1775 poems of which most had appeared during her lifetime.()9. Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Thomas Hardy.()10. Transcendentalism exalted reason over feeling, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. the author of the following literary works. (5x1 points)1.The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling2.A Journal of the Plague Year3.Ode on a Grecian Urn4.The Lake Isle of Innisfree5.There Was a Child Went ForthE.Define the literary terms listed below. (2x4 points)1.Dramatic Monologue2.SymbolismF.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. ( 2x4 points)1.If l wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.112."The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough”.G.Give brief answers to the following questions. (3x5 points)1.What's the theme of "Jane Eyre"?2.What*s the theme of John Galsworthy's "The Man of Property*1?3.How did Walt Whitman make use of the poetic "I” in his works?H.Short essay questions. (2x7 points)I.Read the excerpt from chapter I of "Pride And Prejudice11 in our textbook, and answer the following questions.(1)What is this passage describing?(2)What f s the style of this passage?(3)Analyze the characters of the main roles of this passage: Mr. And Mrs. Bennet.附：答案全国高等教育白学考试模拟试卷(二)英美文学选读参考答案A.1.B2.D3.D4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.A10.D11.D12.C13.D14.A15.C16.B17.D18.C19.C20.AB.1 • heroic couplet2.University Wits3.metaphysical poetry4.The Faerie Queene5.satirist6.Gothic novels7.Byronic hero8.Wordsworth9.A Tale of Two Cities10.Widowers1 House11.Washington Irving12.Hawthorne13.Colloquialism14.My Last Duchess15.The Cantos16.The Snows of Kilimanjaro17.The First World War18.Imagist19.Robert Frost20.Middlemarchc.1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.F9.F10.FD.1 • Henry Fielding2.Daniel Defoe3.John Keats4.William Bulter Yeats5.Walt WhitmanE.1 • A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not giver in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker's life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker's of a dramatic monologue is n My Last Duchess” by Robert Brow ning. In the poems in eluding n My Last Duchess11, Brow ning chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their minds and hearts. In "listening” to those one - sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgements about the those one - sided personality and about what has really happened.2. Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols. A symbol is something that conveys two kinds of meaning; it is simply itself, and it stands for something other than itself. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. People, places, things and even events can be used symbolically.A symbol is a way of telling a story and a way of conveying meaning. The best symbols are those that are believable in the lives of the characters and also convincing as they convey a meaning beyond the literal level of the story. Hawthorne and Melville were the two masters of symbolism. For example, the scarlet letter ,f a lf on Hesters breast can give you symbolic meanings. If the symbol is obscure or ambiguous, then the very obscurity and the ambiguity may also be apt of the meaning of the story.F.1.The name of the author is William Wordsworth, and the title of the literary work is H l Wandered Lonely As a Cloud11.译文如下：我独自游荡，像一朵孤云高高地飞越峡谷和山巅，突然，我望见密密的一群，那是一大片金黄色水仙；它们在那湖边的树荫里，在阵阵微风中舞姿飘逸。
自考英语本科英美文学选读教你投机取巧过英美文学[整理加强版]
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美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英本自考之最。
自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！1.题型分析：一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分）b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分）经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。
建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。
有个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。
2.比例分析据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%。
（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。
大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50%经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。
英国作家共38位，美国15位。
其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。
结论：死学美国，顺带英国。
3.内容分析历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。
经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。
选读部分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。
实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。
4.真题解析及预测自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料，不可缺少。
有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。
所以要花大力气在上面。
记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。
注：马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中，连续考了三次。
经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。
去年的10分大题大致如下：a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学是教授学生欣赏和理解英美文学中经典诗歌的课程。
通过诗歌教学，学生可以更深入地了解英美文学的独特风格和文化内涵，同时提高自己的文学素养和审美水平。
在诗歌教学中，首先需要了解诗歌的基本概念和特点。
诗歌是一种使用音韵、韵律、节奏、押韵等手段来表达作者情感、感受和思想的文学形式。
诗歌有自己独特的语言风格和结构方式，需要读者通过认真理解和感悟才能领会其内涵和意义。
其次，教师需要选择具有代表性和典型性的英美诗人和诗歌进行教学。
比如，英国著名诗人莎士比亚的《十四行诗》、约翰·济慈的《秋天颂歌》、珍·奥斯汀的《爱玛的诗篇》等；美国著名诗人埃米莉·迪金森的《我不是天空》、罗伯特·弗罗斯特的《道返路》、丽塔·多鲁沙的《卓别林男孩》等。
通过这些代表性的诗歌，学生可以快速了解英美诗歌的独特表现形式和文化特点。
教学时，教师需要引导学生通过分析诗歌的语言、韵律、韵脚、修辞等方面的特点来深入研究诗歌的内涵和意义。
比如，分析弗罗斯特的《道返路》，可以通过分析诗歌的叙事结构、意象和意义来理解诗歌所表达的人生经验和哲学思考。
此外，在诗歌教学中，教师还需要引导学生走进诗歌背后的文化和历史背景，了解反映在诗歌中的社会风俗、文化习俗、思想观念等方面的内容，从而深入理解诗歌的内涵和意义。
《英美文学选读》习题与答案
《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, theyear of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD.mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as thenational ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. WilliamShakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
英美文学选读试题详解2
英美⽂学选读试题详解2英美⽂学选读-阶段测评2成绩：85分⼀、Multiple Choice 共 40 题题号：1本题分数:2.5分D 、William Blake (P179.para.2)华兹华斯的⽂学观点是：诗歌的创作没有既定的规则，诗歌素材的来源应该是感观的直接经验。
题⼲中的陈述，是他再《抒情民谣》第⼆版的序⾔中表述的。
标准答案：A考⽣答案：A本题得分：2.5分题号:2本题分数:2.5分Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior,( ) has brought the English novel,as anart of form,to its maturity.A 、Charlotte Bront?(P226.para.2)简.奥斯丁⽣活在英国浪漫主义⽂学繁荣时期，但她的⼩说确实现实主义风格的爱情作为⼩说的主题，并通过对真正爱情的诠释来反应⼈性，是英国最伟⼤的⼩说家之⼀。
标准答案：BThe assertion that poetry originates from emotion recollected in tranquility belongs to ().她多以男⼥ A 、William Wordsworth B 、Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC 、Robert SoutheyB 、Jane AustenC 、Emily Bront?D 、Ann Radcliffe考⽣答案：B本题得分：2.5分题号：3本题分数25分English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have ended in 1832 with ().A、the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliaments The waste LandD、the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament(P157.para.1)英国的浪漫主义⽂学时代开始于1798年，标志性的事件是《抒情民谣》的出版，结束于1832 年，标志性的事件是斯格特之死和改⾰法案”的通过。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学随着现代社会的发展和人们对内在情感的需求日益增长，诗歌教学在高等教育以及中学教育中逐渐成为必不可少的一部分。
然而，在英语国家的诗歌教学中，教师们需要面对的挑战是如何使学生在短短的学习时间内理解和欣赏诗歌的内涵和意义。
在英美文学选读课程中，诗歌教学是一项重要的课程内容，它往往需要教师们尽可能多地引导学生探索诗歌的语言和文化背景，以便真正地理解并欣赏到其中蕴含的精神和思想。
一、教学方法在英美文学选读课程中，教师们通常采用多种教学方法。
这些方法包括学生分组读诗、集体分析诗歌，比较不同时期的诗歌，批判地欣赏精选自课本中的诗歌等。
其核心目的是帮助学生进一步理解作者的所有信息：语言、文化背景、社会环境和作者所表达出的情感。
同时，教师们还注重培养学生的批判性思维和创造性思维，鼓励他们自主探索和对新事物保持开放的心态。
二、教学内容英美文学选读课程的诗歌教学内容主要包括两个方面：文化背景和作者的语言技巧。
在传授文化背景方面，教师们需要让学生深入了解作者的文化背景和社会背景，以便更好地理解诗歌的内涵。
例如，在教学约翰·墨菲的《爱尔兰人制造的神话》时，教师们通常会向学生介绍爱尔兰文化的知识、爱尔兰长久以来的政治和经济历史等，以便学生真正感受到这首诗中传达的种族和民族文化意识。
在教授语言技巧方面，教师们通常会教授学生一些韵脚技巧、节奏和谐音调等基本诗歌知识，同时让学生更加注重情感表达。
例如，在学习艾蜜丽·狄金森的诗歌时，教师们通常会教学生掌握她惯用的压缩、省略和恰当的标点符号，以体现诗人内心深处的感情和情感状态。
三、教学目标英美文学选读课程的诗歌教学目标更多的是培养学生的文学素养和文化背景知识，同时通过诗歌书写或创作，增强学生的语言表达能力和创造性思维能力。
在教学的过程中，教师需要根据学生的学业和兴趣爱好制定目标。
同时，诗歌教学需要结合考试，以便学生在考试中获得好的成绩。
英美文学选读Chapter1(1)
3. The major contributions ①38 plays (historical plays, tragedies and
②The second stage, his style became highly individualized,
Five historical: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, part I, II, Henry V
Six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing(无事生非)
comedies) ②2 narrative poems: Venus, The Rape of
Lucrece ③154 sonnets
4. four stages for his play-creation ①The first stage: his dramatic career is one of the
assimilation
Poetry: Wyatt & Surrey
The former introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England, while the latter brought in blank verse.
②The second -- (the peak) the Elizabeth Age (1558-1603) --The Elizabethan drama
英美文学选读简答题和话题讨论
英美文学选读简答题和话题讨论一、简答题1. 简述莎士比亚四大悲剧及其主要情节。
答：莎士比亚的四大悲剧分别是《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
这些作品以深刻的主题、复杂的人物和精湛的戏剧技巧著称。
《哈姆雷特》讲述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇的故事；《奥赛罗》讲述了摩尔人将军奥赛罗因被嫉妒的部下伊阿古挑拨，误杀妻子苔丝狄蒙娜的故事；《李尔王》讲述了国王李尔在老年时将国土分给两个虚伪的女儿，而被她们抛弃的故事；《麦克白》讲述了苏格兰将军麦克白因受到女巫预言的诱惑，谋害国王，最终走向毁灭的故事。
2. 简述《简·爱》中简·爱的性格特点。
答：简·爱是夏洛蒂·勃朗特笔下的主人公，她性格独立、坚强、善良。
简·爱在逆境中成长，经历了许多磨难，但她始终保持着对生活的热爱和对真理的追求。
她勇敢地追求自己的幸福，不屈不挠地追求平等和尊重。
简·爱的性格特点使她成为了一个令人钦佩的女性形象。
3. 简述《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的梦想及其破灭的原因。
答：盖茨比是弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德笔下的主人公，他的梦想是重获失去的爱情。
盖茨比为了实现这个梦想，不择手段地积累财富，举办豪华的派对，吸引黛西的注意。
然而，盖茨比的梦想最终破灭，原因在于他无法摆脱社会阶层的束缚，无法与黛西真正地在一起。
盖茨比过于执着于自己的梦想，忽视了现实，这也是导致他悲剧结局的原因之一。
二、话题讨论1. 讨论莎士比亚戏剧中的爱情观。
（1）爱情的力量：莎士比亚的戏剧中，爱情往往具有强大的力量，能够激发人物的行动，甚至改变他们的命运。
（2）爱情的牺牲：在许多戏剧中，爱情需要人物付出巨大的牺牲，如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的自杀、《哈姆雷特》中的牺牲等。
（3）爱情的复杂性：莎士比亚的戏剧中，爱情往往不是简单的情感，而是涉及到权力、地位、家庭等多方面的因素。
2. 讨论美国文学中的“美国梦”主题。
英美文学选读考试大纲
英美文学选读考试大纲一、考试目的与要求本考试旨在评估学生对英美文学经典作品的理解和鉴赏能力，以及对文学理论、历史背景和文化语境的掌握程度。
考生应具备以下能力：1. 阅读并分析英美文学作品的能力。
2. 理解和评价文学作品中的主题、风格和技巧。
3. 对英美文学发展史有一个基本的了解。
4. 能够将文学作品与社会、历史背景联系起来进行综合分析。
二、考试内容1. 英国文学- 古代至文艺复兴时期：包括但不限于乔叟、莎士比亚的作品。
- 17世纪至18世纪：如约翰·弥尔顿、亚历山大·蒲柏、简·奥斯汀的作品。
- 19世纪：浪漫主义、维多利亚时期的作家，如华兹华斯、拜伦、狄更斯等。
- 20世纪至今：现代主义和后现代主义作家，如弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、乔治·奥威尔、多丽丝·莱辛等。
2. 美国文学- 殖民时期至独立战争：包括但不限于爱德华·泰勒、本杰明·富兰克林的作品。
- 19世纪：浪漫主义和现实主义作家，如爱默生、霍桑、梅尔维尔、马克·吐温等。
- 20世纪：现代主义和后现代主义作家，如菲茨杰拉德、海明威、福克纳、塞林格等。
- 当代文学：包括多种族、多文化背景下的作家，如托尼·莫里森、唐·德里罗等。
三、考试形式与题型1. 选择题：考察学生对文学作品的基本事实、作者、历史背景等的了解。
2. 简答题：要求学生对文学作品的主题、人物、情节等进行简要分析。
3. 论述题：要求学生综合运用文学理论知识，对文学作品进行深入分析和评价。
4. 作文题：根据给定的文学作品或文学现象，撰写一篇有观点、有分析、有论证的论文。
四、考试范围与重点1. 英国文学的重点包括但不限于：- 莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌。
- 18世纪启蒙时期的文学作品。
- 19世纪的浪漫主义和现实主义作品。
- 20世纪现代主义和后现代主义文学。
2. 美国文学的重点包括但不限于：- 早期美国文学与美国独立精神的关系。
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学
论英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学作者：费婕来源：《课程教育研究·学法教法研究》2019年第20期【摘要】诗歌教学是高校英美文学选读课程教学中一个重要组成部分，但很遗憾的是，当前高校的英美文学选读课程中往往相对忽视了诗歌教学的重要地位，诗歌教学不到位。
本文将结合英美文学中诗歌教学的重要性和特点，分析当前高校英美文学选读课程中诗歌教学的情况，并尝试探讨改善诗歌教学的有效策略。
【关键词】诗歌教学;英美文学;选读课程;教学策略【中图分类号】H319.3 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2019）20-0-01引言诗歌作为文学中不可或缺的一部分，是人们理解文学、感知文学的重要领域。
高校中的英美文学选读课程中，诗歌作为其重要组成部分，具有不可忽视的教育意义和文学价值。
本文将围绕英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学，分析当前高校英美文学选读课程中诗歌教学的情况，并尝试探讨改善诗歌教学的有效策略。
一、英美文学中诗歌教学的重要性及现状分析诗歌是诗人情感的积聚和表现，体现了诗人的创作灵感和创作内涵，诗歌教学是提高学生语言能力和审美情趣以及文学素养的重要途径。
在英美文学中，诗歌反映了英美国家的文化面貌及风俗习惯。
通过诗歌学习，学生可感知体验不同的风土人情，增长其对于异域文化的见识和了解。
根据笔者所了解到的高校外国语学院英美文学教学的实际情况，笔者认为诗歌教学并没有获得教师应有的重视。
学生对于诗歌学习也出现了重心偏移，即过分关注诗歌表面内涵而忽视其深层意蕴。
语言精练、释义丰富、多向解读等是诗歌具备的一些重要特点，理解诗歌的内涵成为高校学生面临的最大难题。
再加上跨语言的问题，很多大学生在进行英美诗歌学习时，往往过分注重词汇的翻译与理解，而相对忽略了诗歌整体意义及深层内涵。
二、初探英美文学选读课程中的诗歌教学策略英美文学选读课程作为英语专业学生重要的核心发展课程，是高校英语专业人才培养的重要课程。
而作为英美文学的重要分支，诗歌更是具有独一无二的文学意义，特别是其在英美文学史上的独特文学价值。
《英美文学选读》应试指南
《英美文学选读》应试指南
向平;钱桂琴;赵红岩
【期刊名称】《现代教育》
【年(卷),期】2005(000)005
【摘要】《英美文学选读》课是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段的重点课程，也是考生普遍认为较难把握的一门课，适时、恰当地进行考前复习指导对考生往往能产生事半功倍的效果。
在此，笔者根据近几年的授课经验和对《英美文学选读》试题的分析，针对《英美文学选读》的考前准备谈谈笔者的经验和体会，希望为广大考生朋友的考前复习提供一点提示和帮助。
【总页数】2页(P65-66)
【作者】向平;钱桂琴;赵红岩
【作者单位】鲁东大学外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G40-012
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marble diligently and patiently） ，Browning的诗 晦涩难懂(obscurity)； Tennyson 的诗给读者以感官 的愉悦 （acoustic and visual pleasures） Browning ， 的诗使人警觉，发人深省(keeping the reader alert and thuoghtful). 四、现代主义时期 现代主义时期，最具代表性的诗人就是T. S. Eliot. 诗歌选读是他的代表著 “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. 由于这首诗比较难以理解，我 们把对作品分解如下： 1.The form of the poem: dramatic monologue 2.The setting: polite society (in which life is meaningless) (无聊的上流社会) 3.The content: the meditation of an aging young man over the business of proposing marriage(一 个日渐变老的年轻人对谈婚论嫁的思考) 4.The theme: contract between a pretented “love song ” and a confession of the speaker ’ s inability of facing up to love(虚假的“情歌” 与主人公面对爱情无能为力形成鲜明对比) 5.Characterization: Prufrock is neurotic, self-important, illogical and incapable of
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二、 浪漫主义时期 浪漫主义时期，诗歌繁荣昌盛，可以说，浪漫 主义时代是诗歌的年代。这个章节的六位伟大的诗 人， 虽然创作思想迥异， 可以归纳为三个主要的特点： 1. nature images( 来 自 大 自 然 的 意 象 ); 2. dream-like atmosphere（如梦如幻般的意境）; 3. music beauty（音乐般的美感）. 在学习的过程中，我们发现，在这个时期的诗人 中，有一位比较独特，那就是George Gordon Byron。 除了具备上面谈过的浪漫主义诗歌共同特点外， 还有 两点值得一提： 1. 语言特点： ottva rima(八行诗体); 2. 人物刻画： “Byronic hero” （拜论式英雄）. 对于第一点，我们在两篇诗歌选读的中，没有发 现。同学们觉得比较难以理解和记忆。那现在，我们 从拜伦的巨著Don Juan开篇部分摘录一段，就可以清 晰的表明这个独特的语言特点。请看下面的ottva rima（from Don Juan: Dedication） ： Bob Southey! You're a poet--Poet-laureate, And representative of all the race; Although 'tis true that you turn'd out a Tory at Last--yours has lately been a common case;
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《英美文学选读》中诗歌和戏剧的应试技巧（二） ------------------------------------------------------------------------------在3月9日的“ 《英美文学选读》中诗歌和戏剧的应试 技巧” 第一讲里， 我们简述了第一章 “英国文艺复兴” 时期三位诗人的诗歌阅读和理解。 本次准备讲第二章 “新古典主义” ，第三章“浪漫主义” ，第四章“现实 主义”和第五章“现代主义”四个时期中可能出现的 特殊的诗人以及他们的作品。除了对诗歌本身的特 点，比如：诗歌的意境，诗歌的语言以外，还探讨部 分意境晦涩难懂、主题比较宽阔、创作特点纷杂的诗 歌；同时，也将探讨美国文学部分现代主义时期的戏 剧作家（只有一位）的作品及其特点。 一、新古典主义时期 书上选择了两位诗人，他们分别是：Alexander Pope和Thomas Gray. 对于这个时期的诗歌创作的特 点， 可以有好多表达方式。 比如： proportion, unity, harmony and grace(对称，统一，和谐，典雅) 或者 是precise, direct, smooth, flexible (准确，直 截，流畅，灵活)，我们用四个特性加以表达，即： order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy (有序性，逻辑性，感情受制性，精确性)。这四个特 点，基本上概括了他们诗歌创作的语言特点。既然强
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调的是四个特性，Alexander Pope的诗歌便有了一个 鲜明的特点，引申出didactic说教性，或者satiric 讽刺性。 通过学习，我们总结Alexander Pope的诗歌特点 是：1. didactic; 2. heroic couplets; 3. plain style. 但是他特别的地方在哪里呢？我想，就在于 我们选读的诗歌内容方面了。概括起来，An Essay on Criticism这部诗（744行）的内容有三个方面：1. He laments the dearth of true taste in poetic criticism of his day (哀叹当时诗歌创作缺乏真正 的品位)；2. He offers his own ideas and presents the classical rules. (提出自己的主张，展现古典 创作原则)；3. He traces the history of literary criticism (追溯文学评论的历史)。 综合上面诸多方面， 我们可以得他诗歌创作的较为全 面的特点： 1. 诗歌内容：如上所述。 2. 诗 歌 主 题 ： a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism (对文学评论理论 的广泛研究)。 3. 语言特点：didactic, heroic couplets, plain style (说教性，英雄对偶句，朴实无华)。
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action(神经兮兮，自以为是，缺乏逻辑，毫无行动 能力). 6.Characteristics: fragmentary appearance (支 离破碎)。 五、美国戏剧家 如果英国部分的四位戏剧家的作品比较严肃， 带 有古典意义， 即： 结构严谨， 故事情节精美赋有逻辑， 人物刻画栩栩如生，语言正规，以及采用多种戏剧技 巧，即使是英国现代主义时期George Bernard Shaw 的作品也是典型的现实主义延续, 而美国现代部分 的Eugene O’Neill与他们有着明显的差异, 创作风 格独树一帜： 1．Eugene O’Neill获得Nobel 文学奖（1936） ，被 称为“the founder of the American drama”; 2.受美国现代思想的影响， 探索新的戏剧创作形式和 风格， 表现主义（expressionism）在他的作品中， 处处可见; 3．语言上，采用方言（dialect） 。这点，毫无疑问 也增添我们阅读他戏剧作品的难度。
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And now, my Epic Renegade! what are ye at? With all the Lakers, in and out of place? A nest of tuneful persons, to my eye Like "four and twenty Blackbirds in a pye; （摘自） 从以上的诗歌我们可以看出： 1. 诗歌的主题是诗人用滑稽史诗的形式（comic epic） ，讽刺和批判了“湖畔诗人” ，特别是Robert Southey诗歌创作中浪漫主义的失真和自我陶醉的情 感 主 义 (romantic fussiness and self-indulged emotionalism)； 2. 诗歌压韵形式是：abababcc. 第二点，诗歌中的人物刻画----拜伦式的英雄形象。 书上对这部分有清楚的解释说明。这里就不再赘述。 三、现实主义时期 现 实 主 义 时 期 两 位 诗 人 Alfred Tennyson 和 Robert Browning主要是他们之间的比较。 1. 共 同 之 处 ： 两 位 诗 人 的 诗 歌 形 式 都 是 dramatic monologue(戏剧独白)，但是，Robert Browning 将 这种诗歌创作形式推向于 完臻。 2.不同之处：Tennyson的诗精雕细琢（works on his