《英美文化概况》
《英美文化概况》课件
创新和发展的追求。
结语
英美文化的重要性
了解和学习英美文化对于个 人的知识储备和国际交流至 关重要，能够促进文化多元 和全球合作。
吸收英美文化的方法
我们可以通过阅读英美文学、 观看电影和交流互动等方式 来吸收英美文化，并融入到 自己的生活和工作中。
继承传统，创新未来
英美文化是源远流长的传统， 我们应该在继承传统的基础 上，勇于创新，为未来的发 展做出贡献。
英国文学与艺术
英国文学和艺术以其丰富多样性 和创造力而闻名于世。巨匠如莎 士比亚为世界文学做出了巨大贡 献。
美国文化概述
美国历史概况
美国历史充满了冒险和创新精神，经历过独立战争、内战和民权运动等重要事件。
美国政体与民主制度
美国以其独特的联邦制度和权力分立制度而闻名，为全球民主国家树立了榜样。
美国文学与艺术
《英美文化概况》PPT课 件
本课件将介绍英美两国的文化概况，包括历史、政体、文学艺术等方面。通 过比较分析，我们将深入探讨英美文化的差异与相似之处，以及其对我们的 重要性。
英国文化概述
英国历史概况
从古代到现代，英国历经王朝更 迭和历史事件，形成了独特而悠 久的历史传统。
英国政体与民主制度
英国的政体和民主制度是世界上 最古老和最成功的，深深影响了 现代民主国家的发展。
美国文学和艺术展现了多样性和创新性，通过作家和艺术家的创作表达了美国的独特文化。
英美文化比较
1
英美文化差异分析
通过对英美文化的差异分析，我们可以更
英美文化相似之处
2
好地理解两国的价值观、观念和行为方式。 例如，英美人对时间和礼仪的看法存在明
尽管存在差异，英美文化也有重视，以及对
英美文化概况
The United K BGruiinitdgaedinotomCaEnoondufgnlGitsrihre-esSatpeaking Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.3 The House of Lords
❖ often referred to as “the Upper House” ❖ The Lords Spiritual (上议院神职议员)
(archbishops and prominent bishops of the Church of England)
assemblies in the world (in the mid-13th century)
▪ Strictly speaking, the parliament consists
of the King or Queen, the House of Lords ( 上议院), the House of Commons (下议院)
❖ British Constitution is made up of:
▪ Statutory Law (成文法) ▪ Common Law (判例法) ▪ Conventions (习惯法)
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Constitution
❖The Lords Temporal (上议院世俗议员) (hereditary peers and life peers and the Law Lords）上议院高级法官)
英美文化概况-Lessen one--ten
Lesson 1 Geography : The LandThe whole and official name of the Union consisted of English , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , usually abbreviated to the United Kingdom or UK , Great Britain , or shortly Britain , or sometimes informally English .Britain is located in Western Europe and is parted from the European continent by the North Sea , the Strait of the Dover and the English Channel. The prime meridian of 0°just passes through the old observatory at Greenwich . Britain is a rather small country , accounting for less than 2% of the land area of the world and ranking about the 75th in size in the world . Though it is small in the both size and population , Britain has acted an important part in forming the modern world . It was once one of the oldest and strongest colonial powers in the world and ruled a vast empire , as said to be . " an empire on which the sun never sets ."The north and west of the England are hilly , partly shaped by the Cumbrian Mountain Range , the highest mountain peak of which is Scafell , the highest in England but the third highest mountain across the country . The main range of the Scotland in the Highland is the Grampian Mountains , which concluded Ben Nevis , the highest mountain on the island of the Great Britain .Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland , and the Glasgow , the largest city in Scotland . On the central plain locates Lough Neagh , the largest lake in the Britain . .the Thames River is the most important river in Britain . The river is navigable for large ships to London . the Severn River is The longest river in Britain . The Clyde and the Forth are the most important rivers in Scotland . The largest lake in England is Lake Windermere .Britain has a temperate maritime climate , which has three characteristics : more fogs or smog in winter , more rainy days but less sunny days , instability or changeability. Coal ,petroleum ,natural gas , iron ore , limestone ,clay , shale , and tin are the main natural resources in Britain . The most important are Coal and petroleum . The Ayrshire field in Scotland and the deposits of the Lowlands continue to supply Scotland industry . The leading anthracite fields in Britain are in Wales .Lesson 2 Geography : The PeopleOn the basis of the 2005 census , the whole population of Britain is about 60.2 million . Britain is the 3rd largest country in population in Europe . Britain has the one of the highest population densities in the world , about 10 times of the density of the U.S .The major people in Britain are the English , Scottish , Welsh and Irish . The English people , offspring of Anglo-Saxons . The Wales and Irish are the descendants of the Celts . The main language spoken in Britain are English , Gaelic and Welsh . English is the official language of the country and is spoken by most of the population . The 3 steps in the development of the English language are Old English , Middle English , Modern English ( Early Modern , Authoritarian English , Mature Modern , and Late Modern English .Britain : Christian country . either Protestants or Catholic . The church of England is the established church of the English nation . The King or Queen is the boss of the church and is crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster Abbey . The Free Churches , the Baptists and the United Reformed Church , Quakers ,Methodists are part of the "non-conformist" group in Britain . The Roman Catholic Curch was much persecuted and very weak in England for a long time after the Reformation . the Jews , the Moslems and the Buddhists are The principle non-Christian communities in Britain . Christian regarded Sunday as the " Sabbath Day ."London , the capital of both England and the UK , has a population of about 7 million . The city of London , governed by the Lord Major , acts as the financial center of the country , where there is a concentration of banks . Now London is the great center of commerce , administration , culture and transportation of Britain , and one of the largest international ports in the world . Regard as the biggest manufacturing center , London has such industries as printing , publishing ,food processing , and so on . Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland , one of the important financial and transportation centers in Britain . Cardiff , the capital of Wales , one of the largest coal shipping ports in the world , and a center of Iron and steel industry in Britain .Belfast , the capital of Northern Ireland , is an important industries , commercial and cultural center in Northern Ireland .Birmingham is the second largest city in Britain . Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland , it is a shipping , industries and commercial center of Scotland . Liverpool is one of the largest ports in Britain . Manchester is one of the oldest cities in Britain .Lesson 3 British EconomyThe progresses of the relative of Britain Economy are as follows : Firstly , the country underwent a great loss in the 2 World Wars . Secondly , the era of the Britain Empire was finished . Thirdly , in spite of the relatively rapid and trouble-free process ofde-colonization , Britain was still forced to keep a abundant and expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960`s when the process was finished . Fourthly , during the war , British industry was badly ruined but survived unaffected .The problem is that although it has improved , other countries have improved more rapidly , thus the slide from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th , as it is at present . though Britain has experienced economic decline , the decline is relative to some other rather than complete.The British economy underwent a special bad stage in the 1970s when rates of the inflation reached up to 25% with the rises of the oil price . Under Margaret Thatcher , government expense was decreased , taxation , foreign exchanges controls lifted , rules governing banks loosened and worker strikes restricted . inflation came under control , and the business made profits . the negative aspect of the Thatcher`s reform was a rapid increase in unemployment .The national economy of the Britain can be divided into 3 main areas : primary industries , secondary industries , and tertiary industries . The British agriculture is highly efficient compared to France and Germany . It produce1.4% of the national wealth , which only 2% of the labor force that grow 58% of the food needed by the nation . Since oil and gas discovered under the north Sea , Britain has become one of the main producers of oil and gas and the 5th largest exporter of oil in the world . It repots about 1/6 of the total world exports of manufactured goods . It buys about 1/5 of the raw materials exported in the world .the pound sterling is Britain`s unit of currency . London is one of the top three financial centers in the world . Britain`s central bank is the Bank of England .Lesson 4 Political System : Parliament and GovernmentThe U.K still retains an old-fashioned government established on the foundation of the constitutional monarchy : the head of the state of the King or queen . The Britain has no written constitution . Theoretically the queen has all the power , but in reality , she has no real power at all . However, she acts a very important role in the whole system .Parliament : the sovereign , the house of Lords and the House of Commons. The house of Lords comprises hereditary and the life peers and the peeresses , with the the Lord Chancellor as the president of the house . The house of commons is made up of 650 members chosen from the country`s 630 constituencies , Mr. Speaker is the chairman in debates .Mr. Speaker is the second most powerful person in Britain . Parliament`s main functions : debating , making laws and supervising the government and finance .The British government : the Prime Minister and other ministers , who are formally nominated by the Queen according to the advice of the prime minster . The most senior ministers make up of the Cabinet , meets regularly under the chairmanship of the prime minister to decided government policy about major issues .There are over 12 departments under the leadership of the prime minister , some heads are entitled "minister" or "secretary" and some have special titles .The cabinet :the heads od the most important departments with a few ministers without departments . prime minister decides who will be included . The privy council has the formal power to make certain executive orders and proclamations .the head of government , the prime minister controls not only the Cabinet but also the parliament , as he or she is the leader of the majority party in the house of commons . The present prime minister is David Cameron , who become prime minister on May 2010.England is broken into 45 countries . Each country is subdivided into about 6 districts . Wales is divided into 8 countries and the 37 districts . Scotland 12 regions and Southern Ireland ,26 districts . Each of the local administrated areas( countries ,regions or districts) has elected council of its own as local authority .Lesson 5 Political system : Party Politics and JudiciaryThere are three major national parties in Britain :The conservative party and the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrats . Two main political parties dominate the political scene : the conservative party ( openly helps the monopolist to getsuper-profits) and ( practices social democracy or bourgeois reformism) the Labor Party ( both bourgeois in nature ), have been in power by turns sine the end of WW ‖ . The liberal Democratic is been as the party of the "middle ," occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties . The general election in Britain is held every 5 years . Lords in the house of lords cannot be voters in the general election .The conservative party developed out of the Tory party , the Labor Party developed out of the Whip party .For the election purpose , Britain is divided into 651constituencies , each of which elects one member of the house of commons . The deposit a candidate has to pay is supposed to prevent people from running just for a joke. Compiling a register of voters in the duty of a Returning Officer in a constituency . The party that has the majority of seats in the house of Commons will from the government . Common law in Britain may be said to consist of previous court decisions .Serious cases arising in trade and maritime affairs in Britain are dealt with by the Queen`s bench division of the high court of justice . The supreme civil trial court in Scotland is the outer house of the court of session . Death penalty for murder in Britain was abolished in 1969 . Borstal institutions for young offenders in Britain provide courses of training .All police forces in Britain outside London are supported and paid by county councils . The famous "Scotland Yard" refers to CID . The operation zone of the Metropolitan Police covers Greater London .The central courts in Britain include the high court of justice and the court of appeal , the house of Lords and the Privy council . The three divisions of the high court of justice are the chancery ,Family Queen`s Bench divisions . The local courts in England are the magistrate courts and the country courts and the others. The Scottish highest court of justice divided into the criminal session and the court of session that has an inner court house and the outer house .Lesson 6 History : Early Man and the Feudal SocietyThe earliest settlers on the Britain Isles were the Iberians and Celts . From 700 B.C. The Celts came from the Upper Rhineland and began to inhabit British Isles . In A.D.43 Romes under the Claudius conquered Britain .Rome Britain lasted until the year ofA.D 410 when all Rome troops went back to the continent . In the middle of the 5th century , Anglo-Saxons came from the region of Denmark and the Low Countries and settled in Britain .The early Anglo-Saxons were worships of natural forces . However , a christian mission under St. Augustine came from Rome in 597 . By the end of the 7th century all England had been Christianized . In the late 8th century the Denes or Scandinavians began to attack the English coast . The new aristocracy , the thegn , had appeared by the 10th century in Britain .From 1017---1042 England was ruled by Danish kings .Edward had promised his kingdom to William , but on his deathbed he changed his idea and gave the kingdom to Harlod . This led to the Norman Conquest of 1066 . Doomsday book was in fact a record each man`s property. The war between Matilda and Stephen resulted in the establishment of the house of Plantagenet .The Great charter was made in the interest of the feudal lords . the Great charter aimed at restricting the power of the king . Simon called the " all Estates parliament " in 1265 . The first British parliament was summoned in the year of 1265 . King Edward I summoned the " all Estates parliament " in the year of 1295 , which is known in history as " the model Parliament ".In 1327 , Parliament forced Edward II hand over his crown to his son .Lesson 7 History : Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois RevolutionEdward III launched the Hundred Year`s war , which was a feudal war and a trade war , was one of the history events that marked the decline of the feudalism in Britain . the Hundred Year`s war was a against France for the French crown and for the industries city of Flanders. From 1343 onward , parliament was divided into two chambers . Black death to some extent brought higher and greater freedom to villains . The statutes of Laborers issued by the government of Edward III introduced cruel punishment for those who refused to work .In 1381 , peasants in Essex first rebelled . The closure of land turned a large number of peasants in to landless men . Wars of roses were fought intermittently between Lancastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1465 . During the wars of roses common people were little affected . The house of Tudor was founded in 1485 . The British Bourgeois took place in the 17th century . The two centuries just before the outbreak of the Bourgeois Revolution were a period of capital accumulation .The renaissance was a cultural movement by humanist , spread into England under the Tudors . During the renaissance , the theatre attained great popularity under the Elizabeth .Puritans were Christians , were opposed to Charles I and his ideas , wished to purify the Church of England . The commoners who drew up the Grand Remonstrance had already escaped before Charles I burst into parliament . The restoration of Charles II took place in the year of 1660 .The king`s men at the beginning of the First civil war were called cavaliers . The first civil war lasted for 4 years . The second civil war was fought in the year of 1648 .England was cruelly ruled by Cromwell in the period of the commonwealth . Cromwell suppressed the diggers , liked Levelers in the army , conquered Ireland . The " Glorious Revolution " of the 1688 put William of orange " on the throne , was actually a bloodless coupdetat by the Bourgeois in 1688 . the British Bourgeois revolution exerted exerted great influence on French and the American revolution in the 18th century .Lesson 8 History :The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist MovementThe Industrial Revolution was a Revolution in both the method of production and the relations of production . It began in the textile Industrial in the 1760s and lasted until 1840s . The closures in the 18th century resulted in the appearance of Capitalist farms , labor reserve and an exception of national market .In the 17th and 18th centuries , England fought a series of wars with Holland and France and won supremacy . After the 7 years` war England become the strongest sea power and dominated world trade . As a result of the Industrial Revolution , the Industrial Bourgeois gained supremacy in both economic and political life of the country . Productivity was greatly increased . Many cities sprang up . The rapid growth of capitalism caused miseries disasters among the working people .Oliver twist was written Charles Dickens . People`s Charter was a petition to Parliament drawn by workers organized in London Workingmen`s Association in 1837 . The chartist movement reached its height in 1839-1842 . The failure of Chartism is largely duo to the divided leadership and lack of a strong basis for class and influence of Utopian and petty-bourgeois ideologies .James Hargreaves invented the "spinning Jenny ". One of the Corn Laws placed a ban on wheat import when the prize fell below 50 shillings per quarter. The term "Rotten Boroughs " means constituencies in the house of Commons . The people`s Charter was not accepted by Parliament . The ten-hour Act prohibited young persons and females to work in any factory longer than ten hours a day . The author of wealth of Nations is Adam Smith . The principle of population was formulated by Thomas Malthus .Lesson 9 History : The British Empire and Britain In two World Wars andpost-war PeriodsThe British Empire begin with the founding of Newfoundland in 1583 , and fell after the end of the second World war . The East India Company was given right to enlist army , enforce law ,declare war and make peace in India . India served as a gangplank for the British colonies to expand their colonies and spheres of influence in India . The British Empire reached the pinnacle of its colonial expansion after the First World War . The two imperialist blocks that had been formed just before the outbreak of World War I were Triple Alliance and Triple Entente . The three features of imperialism were foreign territorial expansion , the export of capital and monopoly .Nearly three million British soldiers were killed and wounded and 70% of the her merchant ships were sunk or damaged in World War I . Consequently British lost her sea supremacy after the end of the War . And she came out of the War with a huge debt .In 1920 and 1921 an economic crisis broke our for the first time sine the end of the first World War . The most serious economic crisis that British had ever experienced before World War II lasted from 1929 to 1933 . The working class struggle reached its climax in the General Strike of 1926 .Britain`s foreign policy in the years between the two World Wars was characterized by its hostility toward the young Soviet and the policy of non-intervention and appeasement toward Fascist aggression . The second World war sealed the fate of the British Empire .Britain`s serious economic troubles after the second World War produced such effects as devaluation of pound Sterling , inflation and debts . In 1950 Britain recognized the People`s republic of China . And in 1972 China and Britain established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank .The Munich Agreement was a non-aggression pact between Britain and France on the one hand and Nazi Germany on the other . In 1941 Japan attack pearl Harbor . The British Commonwealth of Nations is a phony organization . The underlying aim of Thatcherism is denationalization . Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in 1990 mainly because of the high rate of unemployment .Lesson 10 Education in BritainEducation in Britain is carried out in three stages : primary ,secondary and the higher education . Eduction in Britain is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16 . All state schools in Britain are non-tree paying institutions . CSE , "A" Level of GCE and "O" Level of GEC are for schooling . University that were founded between 1850 and 1930 are called Redbrick University . All university in Britain are private institutionsThe main responsibility for administering education in Britain is left to Local education authorities . The examinations for GCE are conducted by examining boards . Entry to university in Britain is competitive .All teachers in the state system must spend some time in the department or school of education of a university . Supplements are paid to teachers who have first or second class honors degrees . The term of early September to mid-December is known as Christmas . University terms are longer . The general grant needed by states schools in Britain is provided by the Treasury . In Britain , most children start their schooling at the age of 5 in an infant . Under the old selective system ,pupils sit for an examination called the 11-plus in the their last year at primary school . Pupils with the highest marks in the "11 plus" examination go to grammar schools ."Co-educational" means with boys and girls mixed together . Those who do well in the examination of "A"Level of GCE . Can go on to university for study . Independent schools are schools that operate outside the state school system and are private educational institutions .Secondary schools students are required to take at least one of the three certificates to demonstrate their educational attainment . The open university is so called because it is open to people of all ages . The academic year for schools begins after the summer holidays and is divided into three terms . The general pattern for school holidays is about 2 weeks at Christmas and Easter and 8 weeks in the summer .。
UNIT1 英美文化概况
Economic region
upland
Hills and moorland
History of England - timeline
Prehistoric Britain BC Roman Britain 43 Anglo Saxon AD Britain 450 Tudor Britain 1485
The Commonwealth of Nations
voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies Economically No special power forum
sparsely populated Ben Nevis. Highland
animal husbandry Highland culture Highland Games and gethering
Highland Whiskey Festival
Scots
The central lowland
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE UNITED KINGDOM I
Questions
• What are the 4 constituent countries in the UK? • A loose organization exists among the countries that used to be part of the British Empire,what is it called? • When did the UK become a member of the Eu? • What is the organization G7? Is the UK its member?
英美国家文化概况（中英文对照）-英国
英美国家文化概况（中英文对照）-英国英国文化概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
《英美文化概况》教学课件
六、教学大纲
1.英国文化教学大纲
1．课程编号： 2．课程名称：英国文化 3．课程类别：专业选修课 公选课 4．教学时数： 周学时： 2 总学时： 30 5．学分： 2 6．先修课程： 英美概况 欧洲文化 7．教学目标与要求： 通过对英国历史、 政治制度、 艺术 、 娱乐、 媒体、 宗教 等专题的介绍，优化学生的知识结构，提高学生的交际能力 （语言能力、 语用能力、 认知能力和情感能力。 ） 为实现这一目的，鼓励学生进行专题调研、 信息收集 、小 组讨论和专题发言等。 8．教材：《英语国家社会与文化入门》 上册 朱永涛主编 高 等教育出版社 2001年
七、参考书目
中文类
1．吴念等译，《美国政治中的道德争论》，重庆 出 版社，2001年 2．杜学增著，《中英文化习俗比较》，外语教学 与研究出版社，1999年 3．薛涌著，《直话直说的政治》，广西师范大学 出版社，2004年 4．林达著，《历史深处的忧虑》，生活?读书?新 知三联书店， 1997年 5．林达著，《总统是靠不住的》，生活?读书?新 知三联书店， 1998年
《英美文化概况》教学课件
课程名称 : 英美文化概况
适用专业：英语专业
教学目的和教学要求
语言与文化相互作用、影响。英语语言文化知识 的学习能够促进学生提高英语语言应用能力，即能够 应用英语进行交际的能力。掌握相关的英语语言文化 知识有利于学生更有效地理解、应用英语语言知识。 本课程旨在通过指导学生学习相关的文化背景知识， 进一步提高学生的英语水平和跨文化交际的能力。适 应全球化日益深入、跨文化交际日益增强的需要和复 合型人才培养的需要。本课程以英美语言文化背景知 识为基础，结合相关的史料，借助于相关的影像资料， 使得学生能够在语境中学习语言背景知识。同时，本 课程注重学生语言能力的培养，针对相关的文化现象 组织学生进行课堂讨论，要求学生按时保质保量完成 课后作业。成绩评定将以课堂参与及作业为主。本课 程知识的传授主要通过教师讲解和学生讨论，鼓励学 生积极参与。
英美文化概况Chapter 1
Intercultural Communication
A branch of communication It’s concerned with communication among It’ people from different cultural background. Originated in the U.S.
Systematic
A language is rule governed. People have to speak a language according to its rules.
Arbitrary
There is usually no logical relationship between words and the objects or concepts these words are used to refer to. Symbols are often chosen by convention. Some exceptions: Onomatopoeia, Compound words. (father-in-law, (father-ingreenhouse, playboy, school-bag) school-
Used to understand and describe the world（the second function) world（
Content words used to classify things. For instance, direction, time, quantity, quality, etc. Function words indicate the relationship between things. For instance, temporal(时间的） temporal(时间的） relations, a relation of locality, adversative(转折） adversative(转折） relation. Without language knowing and describing the world would never be possible.
英美文化概况-Lessen 11-20
Lesson 11 Geography : The LandThe continental U.S. is situated in the southern part of North America . Covers a total area of 9631420 square kilometers .The U.S. is the 4th largest country in the world in terms of area . Alaska in the largest state of the U.S. In area . The coast range , the cascades and the rocky mountains are the Cordillera range . The rocky mountains form the continental divide of the U.S. The highest peak in the continental U.S is contained in the sierra Nevada mountain range. Alaska was bought by the U.S from Russia after the end of the American civil war . The international rivers of the U.S include St. Lawrence , Rio Grande & river Columbia . River Hudson flows through New York city . Of the five great lakes ,lake Michigan is wholly within the U.S .Niagara falls is located on the US-Canadian boundary between lake Erie and lake Ontario . Southern Florida has a semitropical climate . The coasts of Oregon Washington are among the rainiest places in the world . The Midwest of the U.S has a temperate climate . The Rockies are cooler or colder than other regions in the same latitude because of their high altitude .The greatest wonder is found in the forests of sequoia and fir trees on the northwest coast of the U.S. The deposits of natural gas in the US rank the first in the world . About three quarters of the iron ore in the US comes from the lake superior region . The western mountain ranges are rich in nonferrous metal deposits in the US. The US capital , the white house & pentagon building are in Washington D.C.The eastern part of the US consists of highlands formed by the Appalachian Mountain range . The two great plateaus west of the Rockies are : the Columbia plateaus & the Colorado plateaus . Mount witney is the highest peak in the US outside Alaska . Death valley is the lowest point in north America . The central part of the US is composed of vast plains .New England states have a could climate . The Middle Atlantic states have a temperates and the south has a warm climate.Lesson 12 Geography : The peopleThe US has long been known as a " melting pot " . Most Americans are of European origin . Originally , north America was sprinkled with more than 300 tribes of American Indians . The dominant ethnic group in the US today is WASPs ( White anglo-Saxon Protestants ) , the first colonial people in present day US ,from England ,Northern and Western Europe . The Hispanics constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the US and black form the second . Race is different from ethnicity because its basis is skin color . The blacks are the very bottom of the society in the US . The state of California is the largest in population today .Between 1820and 1980 the US admitted almost 50 million immigrants . People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons : fertile soil in the west ,good climate in the west & discovery of gold in the west .Hispanics in the US speak Spanish . Today about 90% of Americans are church members in the US . Protestants outnumber other religious group in the US . Class in an objective reality in the US today . Much of America`s wealth is owned by a small number of the monopoly capitalists . There exists a strikingly wide gap between the wealthy and the poor . The poor exist in the US because its distribution of wealth is fundamentally unequal .The solvency of the middle class in the US depends on the combination of personal income and credit borrowing . The black people in the US are descend from Negro slaves imported from Africa . Black people were declared free initially by Abraham Lincoln`s Emancipation Proclamation .In the 19th century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as " coolies " . The residents in Hawaii are mainly of Japanese descent , Caucasian & Polynesian background . In US individuals encounter not only oppression but also discrimination based on ethnicity and race . According to the 2007 estimation , the total population of the US is 301.139947 million .Lesson 13 American EconomyThe last stage that American economy has experienced is corporate capitalism . Commercial capitalism was established as the dominant mode of production in the British colonies in the 17th century . In the industrial capitalism stage American economy developed rapidly . Trust corporation first emerged in the late 19th century and the early 20th century . The division of labor in management meant that corporations power were no longer concerned primarily with problems of production .Modern corporations in the United states are anything but competitive . The oldest and most important industrial region in the US is the northeast . The south of the US has now become the newly developed industrial region . The west of the US is an important mining area .Los Angeles , san Francisco and Seattle are on the Pacific coast . At present the west is the most rapidly growing section of the US . Canned fish and lumber are the chief manufactured products of Alaska . The growing use of machines to perform routine tasks in every field has exacerbated unemployment . About 1/4 of the land area is farmed in the US . All states except Arizona of the following are in the corn Belt . The states of Kansas leads the US in the production of wheat . Automobile has provided America with a comfortable and convenient means of transportation . The rapid growth of US private investment abroad sine 1945 was facilitated by all the following : diplomatic pressure , military interventions and economic sanctions .The three stages that American economy has experienced in its development are commercial capitalism ,industrial capitalism and corporate capitalism . The US had surpassed great Britain in industrial production by the 1880s . Development of the American corporations begin in the 1870`s . In these giant corporations management was rationalized and centralized . Now the US economy is dominated by production ,strategies and consumption , monopolistic corporations . Automation and computerization have virtually brought about another revolution in US industrial in the 20th . Most of the important crop-growing areas of the US are in the central region .The staple crops grown in the US are corn , wheat , with barely , oats andrice ranking next in importance . The stock raising areas of the US are scattered in the neighborhood of the Great lakes , in the Corn belt and on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Range .The airplane provides US with the fastest means of travel . In the US , railways are still important for carrying goods and are still operated by commercial companies .Lesson 14 Political system : GovernmentThe constitution of the US was framed in Philadelphia in 1787 . The president of the US exercises the executive power . The power of the US president has kept enlarging . President has the veto power in the US . Congress can veto the president`s vote by 2/3 vote of the full membership of both houses . Under the US constitution , the president has the power to sign an executive agreement with other nations without the consent of the senate. The constitution of the US says that only congress can declare war upon other nations .The constitution of the US follows two principles : the federal system and " separation of powers ".The cabinet of the American government is made uo pf the heads of departments . The department of state is headed by the secretary of state . The heads of justice is headed by the attorney general .The department of state advises the president on foreign relations . The secret service is part of the Treasury Department . FBI and federal prisons are among the responsibilities of the Department of Justice . The largest of independent agreement agencies is the postal service . A senate must be over 30 years old and must have been an American citizen for at least nine years . The number of representatives from each state is fixed according to the size of the population of the state has . Representatives in the US are elected every two years .Impeachment of the president should be proposed by the house and decided on by the senate . In the process of an impeachment , the senates serve as the Jury .Congress consists of the senate and the house of representatives . The national parks in the US are managed by the department of interior . Congress has the power to make any laws that are considered "necessary and proper " . The president of the Senate is the Vice-president and the presiding officer of the house is Vice-president . Today the real work of both house of congress is done in their committees . The Judicial branch of the US government is headed by the Supreme Court .Lesson 15 political system : State Government and Party PoliticsThe legislature is the most important part of a state government . The state legislature usually consists of two houses except the state of Nebraska . The chief executive of a state is the governor . Judges of state courts are usually appointed officials . The state court system begins with purely local jurisdiction followed by a series of intermediate trial courts , then by appellate courts and finally by the state`s supreme court . The most popular kind of city government in the US is the mayor-council system . The federal party was led by Alexander Hamilton . The federal Party was in favor of friendly relations with England .Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century US over the issue of slavery . The party leader of a precinct is often called the precinct captain . The highest permanent organization of each party is the national committee . The general Election in the US is held every four years .The national conventions of the two parties usually begin with the discussion and acceptance of the party platform . The US Election Day is set on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in October . The number of electors in each state is equal to the number of congressmen . The newly elected president takes up on January 20th of the next year .Like the federal government , a state government is made up of three branches . The two types of juries utilized in the US are the grand jury and the petit jury . The decision for a trial is made by the grand jury , while the petit jury decides guilt or innocence . The three kinds of local governments under a state government are county governments ,city , town , or village government and local governments of districts set up for special purpose . At the primary stage of the general election , the voters elect delegates to the national conventions of the two parties in each state .The American voters do not vote directly for the president but vote for the presidential electors . The party that wins a majority of the popular votes in the state on the Election day will get all the electoral votes of that state . The presidential candidate who gets the majority of the electoral votes is elected president of the US . If no candidate receive a majority of the votes of the electors , the house of representatives choose the president and the senate choose the vice-president .In 1951 congress passed an amendment to the constitution to limit a president to two terms or to ten years successively in office . If a president dies or resigns or is removed from office , the Vice-president succeeds him.Lesson 16 History : The Early ColonizationChristopher Columbus was an Italian navigator . The New World discovered by Columbus was named after Amerigo Vespucci . The earliest British settlement on North America was Plymouth . The puritan`s settlement on North America was Plymouth . Connecticut , New Hampshire and Massachusetts are a New England colony . Georgia was the colony set up by Colonel James Oglethorpe in 1733 . In 1682 , a group of Quakers headed by William Penn set up the colony of Pennsylvania . Delaware wad first settled by people from Sweden .Of the 13 British colonies only Connecticut and Rhode Island were self-governing colonies . The central colonies are a region of small farms , cosmopolitan and Tolerant in religion . The southern colonies developed a plantation system with the exploitation of slave labor . In the 13 colonies , the black people were enslaved .The earliest inhabitant in America were American Indians ,who had come over from Asia by crossing the land bridge across the present Bering strait . Influenced by Marco Polo`s famous travel book ,kings ,lords and merchants in western Europe were eager to find sea routes to the far East . In the early colonization of Americas , Portugal set up colonies in Brazil , while Spain explored and colonized much of south America ,and Mexico . The French built settlement along the St Lawrence river and in the Five great lakes region . The two joint-stock companies set up in England in 1606 were : Virginia Company of Plymouth , Virginia Company of London . The first English colony set up in May 1607 was called Jamestown . In 1620 , a group of puritans sailed for America on a ship called the Mayflower . They called themselves Proprietary . Together with those who arrived later ,they set up four colonies , which they called New England . The New England Colonies become a center for lumbering ,shipping and fishing. The central colonies become a region of small Farms .In terms of their political administration , the thirteen British colonies can be divided into three types : the royal colonies , the proprietary colonies and the self-governing colonies .Lesson 17 History : American RevolutionThe French and Indian War was a war fought between the French and the English . As a result of the French and the Indian War , the French lost all land in North America . In the 18th century , people in Europe began to believe that natural laws guided the universe . John`s belief : Man`s knowledge is from observation and experiment , Man`s knowledge is from the reflection by the mind . Man`s knowledge is acquired from experience of live senses . Reason led Locke to condemn absolute government .Benjamin played an important role in exemplifying the Enlightenment in America to his countrymen . The Quartering act and the Stamp Act passed by British parliament in 1765 . Names given to an America revolutionary organization : sons of Liberty , committees of Correspondence and the stamp congress . The intolerable Acts do include : the Boston port Act , the Massachusetts government act and the Administration of Justice Act .The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia . Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence the first declaration of the rights of the individual . The victory at Saratoga was a turning point of the America war of Independence . The constitutional convention was held in Philadelphia in May 1787 . James was known as the "Father of the the constitution ."After the French and Indian war , the English colonist in north America wanted more freedom in politics , trade and commerce ,while England wanted more taxes . The Enlightenment in America provided the colonist with a theoretical and philosophical weapon against the British rule . After the French and Indian war , the British government practiced the policy of mercantilist in the colonies . By practicing such a policy , the British ruling class tried to monopolize the markets and to hold back the development of manufacturing in the colonies . One of the Navigation acts provided that only British owned ships could carry colonial goods to British Possessions .The British government developed a system of external taxation after the failure of the program of internal taxation on the 13 colonies . The motto of the colonies was "NO taxation without representation . The Declaratory of act passed by the British government declared that the British government had the right to pass any economic laws it desired .The US purchased Louisiana territory from French in 1803 . In 1819 , the US "purchased " Florida from Spain after having occupied it for several years . The US annexed the the Mexican territory of Texas in 1845 . The US forced England to cede the Oregon region ( includes Washington , Idaho , Oregon ) in 1846 . In 1867 ,the US purchased the territory of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands from Czarist Russia . By the mid-19th century , the territory of the US had reached over 9 million quare kilometers , about 10 times the size of the total area of the original 13 states . By the late 19th century , the US had finished its territorial expansion in the continent .The American industrial revolution began in the year of 1807 with its textile industry . During the period of some 20 years before the outbreak of the Civil war , the industrial north needed free labor , while the south needed slave labor . The northerners wanted a high tariff , while the southerners wanted a low tariff . When the south found itself outnumbered in the house of representatives , the southerners tried to keep the number slave states equal to that of free states so that the southern senators could not be outvoted by the northern senators . So in this case slavery become a political issue .The novel Uncle Tom`s cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe . The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 extended the idea of Popular sovereignty . In 1857 , the supreme court was ruled in the Dred Scott case that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional .The republican Party was formed in the year of 1854 . In February 1861 , 6 of the slave states that had seceded from the Union formed the confederate State of America , and elected Jefferson Davis their president . The American Civil war began on April ,1861 when the rebels fired on Fort 12 , summer . On September 22, 1862 Lincoln issued the Emancipation proclamation . On April 9 , 1865 , after the fall of Richmond , General Lee of the south surrendered to General Grant of the north at Appomattox court house , and the war ended . The American civil war is also called the Second American Bourgeois revolution . At the end of the American Civil war , the black people were not emancipated at all .The means taken by the Lincoln Administration in 1862 to change the situation and win the civil war : the passage of the Homestead Act , the issuing of the Emancipation proclamation , the allowance of Negroes to join the union army .By the year of 1894 the US had become the world leading industrial country . The emergence o trusts suggested the shift of the US from competitive capitalism to monopoly capitalism . The Jungle was a story about themeat-packing plants in Chicago . On May 1, 1886 , works went on simultaneous strikes in Chicago and other large cities . The US states looked greedily at Asia Latin America after it completed its territorial expansion on the continent . The first Pan-America Conference was convened in the year of 1889 .In order to grab Cuba , the US went into war with Spain in 1898 . As a result of the war , Spain ceded Cuba ,Puerto Rico Guam and the Philippines to the US . In 1902 the US began to negotiate with Columbia for the site of the Panama Canal . In 1844 US imperialism invaded China and compelled the Qing Dynasty to sign the unequal Treaty of Wangxia . In 1858 US imperialism advocated an " Open door " policy , in an attempt to seek equal privileges in China along with other foreign powers .The US entered the first World War in April 1917 . The 14-point program proposed by president Wilson included freedom of the seas , disarmament and the establishment of the League of Nations . The Japanese attacked pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7 , 1941 . In the first two decades after WWII ,the US government adopted a policy of Cold War and " containment " in its relationship with the soviet Union . The policy was later replaced by the policy of contention for world hegemony . President Nixon visited China in February 1972 . In the year of 1979 the US established diplomatic relations with China . The US Imperialism was marked by highly developed industry , high concentration of capital and overseas territorial expansion . " Yellow dog " contrat was used to restrict the formation of workers`unions . TheSpain-American war strengthened the US interventions in the Far east . In the late half of the 19th century , China was the main objective of the US overseas expansion . Industrial boom , Organized gangsterism and smuggling of liquor . Were the characteristic of the " roaring 20`s " . The US foreign policy in the 1930`s may be termed " the policy of non-entanglement "Destroying crops , Adopting the " good neighbor policy " towards Latin American countries and launching public works were the measures of the New deal .Lesson 20 American EducationIn 1647 , Massachusetts passed a law required every town to provide children with schools and schoolmasters . The founding fathers of the US laid down principles and institutions of education which still flourish . In America , there is not one but 50 educational systems . Before the civil war , America often asserted that parents alone had the right and responsibility to determine the extent to which children needed formal schooling .On the state level , educational policy is generally the responsibility of a state board of citizens . Local control of education in the southern states is usually through countries . Most states have separate university boards for the administration of higher education . Most states boards are appointed by the state legislature or governor ,but a few are elected . States-run universities are financed at least 2/3 by state and federal grants with students paying the balance in the form of tuition and other fees . America education is mainly classified into elementary ,secondary and higher . Elementary and secondary education covers 12 years from age 6 through 18 . In spite of the shift in emphasis on the goal of a sense of responsibility to that of autonomous individuals , both teachers and students have before them the 4 sets of general goals , namely academic ,vocational ,social and personal . Secondary education in the US takes place in a variety of Junior and senior highschools .which can be distinguished as vocational , technical and academic high schools .It is the faculty of the colleges and the universities that decides who shall be taught and for how long , what shall be taught and how , and who shall have the right to teach . According to their year of study , undergraduate students are called freshmen , sophomores , juniors and seniors respectively . During the first two years of years of study , college students take surveycourses ,which are taken as introductory courses for more specialized courses . Midyear exams are given at the end of a term when the subject matter carries over to the next semester . The number of credits for a course depends on how many hours of a lectures . Class meetings , laboratory work , etc . , are offered each week .During the third and 4th years of college ,students concentrate most of their courses in one subject , which is known as a major . American education was rooted from the beginning in the old world experience . The letters set up Harvard college in 1636 . American education came into its own with the achievement of independence . Of the founding fathers , Thomas Jefferson contributed most to American educational philosophy and practice .。
英美文化概况课件
宗教信仰与道德观念
宗教信仰
英国的宗教信仰主要是基督教，而美国则更 为多元化，包括基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教 等。
道德观念
英国人重视传统道德观念和社会秩序，而美 国人则更注重个人自由和权利。
05
跨文化交际策略
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW
ERA
提高跨文化意识
意识到文化差异的存在
的独特性。
避免文化优越感
02
不以自己文化的标准去评判其他文化，认识到每种文化都有其
独特的价值和意义。
促进平等交流
03
在交际过程中，平等对待不同文化背景的人，避免歧视或排斥
。
掌握跨文化交际技巧
提高语言沟通能力
学习并掌握英语或其他跨文化交际语言，以 便更好地交流和理解。
灵活应对文化冲突
遇到文化冲突时，能够灵活调整自己的交际 策略，化解矛盾和误解。
善于倾听和观察
在交际过程中，积极倾听对方的意见和观点 ，观察对方的文化习俗和行为方式。
利用文化知识解决实际问题
将所学的文化知识运用到实际交际中，提高 解决跨文化交际问题的能力。
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW ERA
06
英美文化在全球化背景下的影响与传 播
英美文化在全球的传播与影响
ERA
美国历史与民族
美国历史
从殖民地时期、独立战争、西进运动到现代社会，美国历史的演变塑造了其独 特的民族性格和文化。
多元民族
美国是一个多元民族的国家，各个族群带来了各自的文化传统和习俗，形成了 丰富多彩的民族特色。
美国文学与电影
文学
美国文学深受欧洲文学的影响，同时又具有独特的创新性， 如马克·吐温、海明威等作家的作品。
英美文化概况ppt课件
Capital: Belfast贝尔法斯特
Area: -10%
History: Ireland was conquered by England in the 17th C
Scotland苏格兰
Capital: Edinburgh爱丁堡
Area: - 30%
3. Rivers and Lakes
Rivers: River Clyde克莱德 , the most important in Scotland River Severn 塞文河 (355 km), the longest in the UK River Thames 泰晤士河(336km), the second longest but the most
beautiful rock scenery
Lake Poets 湖畔诗人- William Wordsworth 华兹华斯 in the 19th Century, a passive romantic poet消极浪漫主义诗人
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
“Ireland” = the Republic of Ireland+ Northern Ireland
爱尔兰岛 =爱尔兰共和国+北爱尔兰
Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 (Britain / Great Britain / UK for short)
英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-美国 精品
美国文化概况Chapter 1 Population, race and ethnic groups第一章人口和种族1) Introduction①American is the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people. It isa nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration in the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.美国是世界上的第三大人口国，总人口约2.555亿，仅次于中国和印度。
美国是一个移民大国，移民人口是其人口总数增长的重要原因。
美国的有着不同民族和种族的人口。
在目前美国移民人口中，80%-90%来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国十分普遍。
2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaveryThe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
英美文化概况——2015-01-21
1.“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point with theexamples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years. Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2.What is the political problem in Northern Ireland？Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.3.What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain theDeclaration of independence?the causes of the American Revolution(1), The French & Indian War (1756-1763)The desire of England to levy more taxes on the colonies and the desire of the colonists to have more right and freedom made the conflicts intensified(2), The EnlightenmentIt provided the colonists with a theoretical & philosophical weapon against the British rule and marked the formation and maturity of the new nation(3),The British Mercantilist Policy, such as Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, etc.(4),Boston Tea Party (1773)In 1773, the British government passed the Tea Act, which permitted the British East India Company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. This Act made many merchants angrier than ever with the British.(5), Outbreak: The first shot in Lexington (April, 1775)The Declaration of Independence (1776), drafted in June, 1776, is at once a national s ymbol of liberty and a monument to Jefferson as a statesman and author. In lofty eloq uence and unforgettable phrasing, the document expressed the convictions in the heart s and minds of the American people.4.Tell what you know about the British media.British people usually read a national or local newspaper, watch TV, listen to the radio at their leisure time.The British media plays an important role in British political system: inform the population about problems the country may be facing and what the government is doing to solve such problems. In engendering a national culture: people from different field all share the same experience, they could discuss what they had read or seen——British are all part of the British culture.The British media has the following functions:•Provide people with information about political and social issues•Provide weather reports•Carry advertising•Used for educational purposes•Provide a forum for people to express their views•Seek advice•Give people entertainment•Serve for the political and economic system•Work as a monitor5.How did the Cold War begin? What role did the US play in this?There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.(1) Underlying causes: (i) Ideological ; (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War: (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe ; (ii) The reactions of the United States; (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union .6.Discuss King John and the Great Charter.King John is the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England. He was the king of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.The Great Charter has been also known as Magna Carta which King John was forced to sign in 1215. Its most important clauses were: no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; the Church should possess all its rights; London and other towns should retain their ancient rights. But the Great Charter said nothing about serfs. The Great Charter has been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.7.What do you think of the British foreign relations?The general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet.Britain’s relationship with international institutions1) one of the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council— Russia,China, the US, France and the UK2) its membership in the European Union(Britain joined the EuropeanEconomic Community in 1973, which has been called European Union since 1993.Britain’s participation i n the EU remains controversial.)3) involvement in NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in1949. The author believes that the purpose of NATO is to protect member states against aggression, to provide a foundation for security in Europe, and to providea forum for transatlantic defense cooperation.)4) a member of the Commonwealt h, a voluntary association of states which ismade up of mostly of former British colonies.5. its relationship with the US. British and American policy-makers share thegeneral ideas in many respects. However, Britain’s “special relationship” with the US has gone through many ups and down.8.Discuss the education system in the USA.The federal government influences education and contributes financially to school’s development. The state establishes policies for the educational policy and practice it.All states require young people to attend schools. Every child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of education(1) Elementary Education--- Elementary School (grammar school)—fromkindergarten to grade 8 .Almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics; language arts; penmanship(书法); science; social studies……(2) Secondary education--- Junior high school/ Senior high school/ V ocationalschools and technical school (prepare for occupations)(3) Higher education in the USA began with the founding of Harvard College in1636.1/3 high school graduators go on for higher education.There are four categories of higher education institutions: 1),the university; 2),the 4-year undergraduate institution: the college- most of which are not part of a university; 3),the technical training institution: learning variety of technical skills: hair styling, business accounting; 4),the 2-year, or community college.9.How do you comment on the holidays and festivals in Britain?Many festivals and holidays in Britain are centuries old. Every town, village and hamlet in Britain has its own traditions, some involving months of careful planning and preparations of costumes and choreography, others requiring simplya worrying desire to make a complete and utter fool of oneself. There are a lot ofholidays, such as Christmas, the Boxing Day, Easter, Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) ,etc.10.Tell what you know about “Football hooligans” and “Wimbledon”.Football was invented in Britain. It is a rough fast game played in winter and early spring. Today, it is one of the most popular sports in Britain. Millions of people watch the FA Cup games. But in recent years, people are much concerned about football violence“Football hooligans”are supporters of rival teams. They sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up.Tennis was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church. Wimbledon is a suburb in London. In Wimbledon, the world’s best players gather to compete in the annual international tennis championship. It is one of the major events of the Britishsporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associated with the "Wimbledon fortnight" are eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain.11.How do you comment on the Political System in the USA?The U.S. Constitution established three separate but equal branches of government, the legislative branch (which makes the law), the executive branch (which enforces the law), and the judicial branch (which interprets the law).Under a system of checks and balances, power is divided among different branches of government. This system is based upon the idea that each branch will be protective of its own power and, thus, prevent, intrusions upon it from other branches–thereby preventing any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.12.What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of this system?In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech explaining plans for a “ university of the air”--an educational system which would make use of television，radio and correspondence courses. Study centers have been set up all over the country so that students can attend once a week，and once a year they will spend a week at one of the university s summer schools.It has been nearly 30 years since the Open University started to offer courses. Now it is a very important part of the British educational system. Not only does it offer foundation courses like those mentioned above，it also carries out very advanced scientific researches，some of which lead to Master s or PHD Degrees. Many othercountries have started similar educational programmes following the successful example of the Open University in Britain.。
英美文化发展概况ppt
03
美国文化发展
殖民地时期文化
欧洲移民
文化交融
17世纪初，英国和其他欧洲国家的移 民开始在美国的13个殖民地建立家园， 带来了各自的文化和生活方式。
不同国家和地区的移民带来了各自独 特的语言、风俗和传统，形成了多元 化的文化交融。
宗教信仰
殖民地时期的美国文化深受基督教影 响，许多移民都是为了逃避宗教迫害 而来到美国的。
06
结论
研究总结
01
英美文化在历史进程中不断演变，受到多种因素的影响，包括宗教、 政治、经济和社会变革等。
02
英美文化的特点包括重视个人自由、独立和竞争，以及强调传统和秩 序。
03
英美文化在文学、艺术、音乐和电影等领域取得了巨大成就，对世界 文化产生了深远影响。
04
尽管英美文化有许多共同点，但也存在一些差异，如英国的保守和矜 持与美国的开放和自由。
THANKS
感谢观看
现代多元文化
移民影响
来自世界各地的移民为美国带来了丰富的多元文 化，使得美国文化更加丰富多彩。
消费文化
随着经济的发展和消费水平的提高，美国消费文 化逐渐形成，成为美国文化的重要组成部分。
科技创新
美国的科技创新一直处于世界领先地位，这也为 美国文化的发展注入了新的活力。
04
英美文化的异同
语言与文学
化。
工业革命与现代文化
工业革命
18世纪的工业革命改变了英国社会的面貌，城市化、工业化和人口流动带来了新的文化 现象和社会问题。
文学与艺术
工业革命时期的英国文学和艺术取得了巨大的发展，出现了许多杰出的作家、艺术家和思 想家，如查尔斯·狄更斯、威廉·莎士比亚等。
现代价值观
《英美文化概况》课件
有重要地位。其文学作品涵盖了各个时期和流派，反映了英国社会的变
迁。
02
美国文学
美国文学从殖民地时期的清教徒文学到独立战争时期的民族主义文学，
再到现代文学，形成了独特的风格和主题。美国文学强调个人主义、自
由和独立。
03
对比
英国文学和美国文学在风ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ、主题和表达方式上存在差异。英国文学更
注重社会批判和人性的探索，而美国文学则强调个人自由和自我实现。
英国风俗
下午茶
英国传统的下午茶文化，包括精 致的茶具、三明治和蛋糕等。
赛马
英国赛马文化盛行，每年举办多场 赛马比赛。
板球
英国流行的运动项目之一，尤其在 英格兰和威尔士地区广受欢迎。
02
CATALOGUE
美国文化
美国历史
早期文明
包括美洲原住民文化、 西班牙探险者和法国殖
民地的建立。
独立战争
美国独立宣言的签署和 美国独立战争的胜利。
艺术则更加前卫和创新。
风俗对比
英国风俗
英国拥有丰富的传统节日和风俗习惯，如圣诞节、复活节和英式 茶文化等。这些风俗反映了英国的历史和文化传统。
美国风俗
美国风俗也具有独特的特点，如感恩节、万圣节和美式快餐文化等 。这些风俗体现了美国人的生活方式和价值观。
对比
英国和美国的风俗习惯在某些方面相似，但在其他方面存在显著差 异。这些差异反映了两个国家的历史、文化和传统。
狄更斯
维多利亚时代的小说家， 代表作品有《雾都孤儿》 、《双城记》等。
英国艺术
油画
英国艺术家如约翰·康斯太 勃尔、约瑟夫·特纳等在油 画领域取得了卓越成就。
雕塑
亨利·摩尔等雕塑家为英国 雕塑艺术带来了国际声誉 。
英美文化概况英汉互译
unit 1land，people and historyNew Zealand is a special ciuntry in many ways. It is a small country with a small population，a long way from the large powerful countries，but many people know about New Zealand.Maybe when someone mentions New Zealand you think of a clean，green image：fresh air;clean river，lakes and sea；clean food；green trees and mountains and blue skies.Some people are aware of New Zealand because it has an intreresting geological history.The islands of New Zealand have been seprated from other land for millions of years,and they have unique plants,birds and insects.Some people know about New Zealand because the Government and people speak out against nuclear第一单元领土、人民和历史在许多方面，新西兰都是一个特殊的国家。
它是一个人口很少、和强大的国家离得很远，但是很多人都知道的国家。
也许当有人提到新西兰的时候，一片干净绿色的景象会涌上心头：新鲜的空气；清澈的河水、湖、海；干净的食物；绿色的山水和蓝色的天空。
有的人知道新西兰是因为它有着有趣的地质历史。
Chapter 11 英美文化概况 美国 people
• Population
Population: 306,805,000 (Mid-2009) Density: 32 (population/sq. km.)
The United States makes a complete census, or count, of its people every 10 years.
Exercises
I. Choose the best answer
1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is____.
a. the black people b. WASPs
c. Asian Americans d. Hispanics
V. The American Society
Class is an objective reality in the American society. There is a strikingly wide gap between the wealthy and the poor.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Super-rich: Like the monopolies such as the Rockefeller & the Morgan, the top 20% control 77% of private wealth, and form the apex of the class pyramid.
2. WASPs
The first colonial people
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《英美文化概况》(13)中国石油大学（北京）2013--2014学年第一学期《英美文化概况》期末考试试卷A（闭卷考试）班级：________ 姓名： _______ 学号： ______Part I Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. （20 分）1._________ The best-k nown En glish lege nd, King Arthur,derives from the Anglo- Saxons ' time.2._________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era.3._________ After World War II, the British economy became the2nd largest power in the world.4._________ America was named after the great discovererAmerigo Vespucci.5._________ Britain is situated in Western Europe.6._________ The Lake District is closely related with Englishliterature in the 19 th century.7._________ The Iongest river in North America is the MissouriRiver.8._________ Com mon laws are laws which have bee n established through common practice in the courts.9.________ The "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791.10.________ Most heavily populated districts have more senators than the small states.11._______ The United States has two major political parties:the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party.12.________ Tolerance and respect for others are central to the way of life in the U.K.13.________ The Protestant Church and the Catholic Churchare two major groups in Christianity.14.________ The second largest religious group in the U.K. isBuddhism.15. _______ The University of Oxford is the second oldestuniversity in the English-speaking world.16. _______ Easter Day is to celebrate Christ 's resurrectionfrom the dead.17.________ The New York Times was the first newspaper toexpose the Watergate Scandal.18._______ Benjamin Franklin 's Autobiography recordedhow a man rose to fame and wealth from being poor andobscure.19.________ Hawthorne 's unique gift was for the creationof strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man 's moral nature.20. _______ As a critic and also a prolific writer, MarkTwain became the leader of realism in America.Part II Fill in the blanks with the correct information. （20分）1.The U.S. is bordered by ______ on the north and by ______and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.2.The central part of the United States is composed of vastplains between _______________ and _________________ .3.The District of Columbia was named after ______________________while the city of Washington was named after4.The Parliament is composed of three parts: the queen, theHouse of ______ , and the House of __________ .5.In the U.K., the official head of state is _______________ w hilethe real centre of political life is in _______ .6.The governmental power shared between the centralgovernment and the state government is called _________ .7.The two major political parties are ______ , which is thoughtto be more liberal, and ________ , which is believed to be more conservative.8.The Church of England balances the interests of both_________ and ___________ .9.At the end of the 16th cen tury and the beg inning of the 17thcen tury, many _________ e scaped to the New Land to seek the freedom to practice their own religio n.10.The Mercha nt of Ven ice is a work of _______ .11.Higher education in the United States began with thefounding of _____________ in 1636.12.MIT refers to a n ame of a uni versity. It is13.The mai n n ewspapers in Britai n are _______ , ___________ ,__________ and ____________ .14.The mai n n ewspapers in America are __________ , __________ , __________ and ____________ .15.In Halloween the children knock on their neighbors doorsasking for __________ as a treat.16.The Ian guage of the An glo-Sax ons is called______17.Christmas Day is the greatest of the Christian festivals tocommemorate the _____________ of Jesus Christ.18._______ is the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakesand the largest in dustrial and commercial centre of theMidwest.19.The Statue of _____________ stands magnificently on LibertyIsland in New York Harbor. It is National Monument which waspresented to the US by France.20.The _____________ River is the longest and the most important river in the system of the Gulf.Part ID Choose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text. (20 分)1.Which of the following is a famous prehistoric monument?(a)Stonehenge(b)Hadrian ' s Wall(c)Westminster Abby(d)Tower of London2.________ were the ancestors of the English and the foundersof England.(a)The Romans(b)The Anglo-Saxons(c)The Vikings(d)The Normans3.The Mayflower was a ship taken by ___________________ .(a)Christopher Columbus(b)Amerigo Vespucci(c)a group of people who wanted to get hold of treasures(d)a group of people who desired free religious practice4."No taxation without representation" was the slogan of(a)the settlers of Virginia(b)the slaves of America(c)the Indians of America(d)the people of the 13 colonial Americans5.Britain has a ______ climate.(a)temperate(b)maritime(c)stable(d)both a and b6._________________ is known as the “ father of waters ”to American Indians.(a)The River Thames(b)The Missouri River(c)The Tay River(d)The Mississippi River7.San Francisco's Chinatown is the largest Chinese community outside of ____________ .(a)Asia(b)Mainland China(c)China(d)South-East Asia8.Which British party supports a "free market"?(a)The Conservative Party(b)The Liberal Democrats(c)The Party of Wales(d)The Labor Party9.Who is the newly elected Labor Prime Minister in 2007?(a)Margaret Thatcher(b)John Major(c)Tony Blair(d)Gordon Brown10.The “ New Deal ” was started by ____________ .(a)Franklin Roosevelt(b)J. F. Kennedy(c)George Washington(d)Thomas Jefferson11.What kind of secondary schools now receives the largest number of students?(a)Grammar Schools(b)Technical Schools(c)Comprehensive Schools(d)Secondary Modern Schools12.Willia m Shakespeare, Britain 'gsreatest writer went to a school.(a)comprehensive(b)grammar(c)technical(d)independent13.Those who do well in the examination of ____ can go on to university for study.(a)“O” Level of GCE(b)“A” Level of GEC(c)CSE(d)eleven plus14.Of Faulkner ' s novels three are masterpieces by any literary standard. Which one isNOT his masterpiece?(a)The Sound and the Fury(b)Absalom, Absalom!(c)Go Down, Moses(d)The Grapes of Wrath15.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ____ and Thoreau.(a)Jefferson(b)Freneau(c)Emerson(d)oversoul16.Which of these poems is written by Edgar Allan Poe?(a)The Raven(b)The Fall of the House of Usher(c)Nature(d)Legia17.The first Continental Congress was held in ___ .(a)Boston(b)Philadelphia(c)New York(d)Lexington18.The main purpose of Thomas Paine 's “Common Sense ”was to.(a)mobilize public opinion to support the revolution(b)declare war with England(c)ask help from France(d)To expose the evils of capitalism19.The first shot of the American War of Independence wasfired in ___ .(a) Concord(b) Lexington(c) Philadelphia(d) Boston20. The Union Army defeated the Confederate Army at _____________ where the victory was the turning point of the war.(a) Philadelphia(b) Manassas(c) Gettysburg(d) Fort SumterPart IV Tran slate the follow ing words into Chin ese. (20 分) 17. The Great Depression 18. The New Deal19. Truman 20. House of LordsI. Declaration of Independence3. Redbrick5. New England7. The Enclosure movement9. The East India CompanyRevolutionII. The Wars of Roses13. The Chartist Movement2. Uncle Tom 's Cabin 4. The Great Depression 6. WASP 8. Roman Invasion 10. The Industrial 12. Hispanics 14. The Cold War15. Open University 16. FederalismPart V Explain the following terms. （20 分）1.T he Electoral College2.N orman Conquest3.T he Boston Tea Party4.T he Glorious Revolution5.T he Constitutional Monarchy6.W here is called New England?7.Why did the American Civil War break out? Whichbattle was regarded as the turning point of the Civil War?附加题:1. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space .1The British Isles are made up ofA.two large islands and hundreds of small onesB.two large islands and Northern IrelandC.three large islands and hundreds of small onesD.three large islands and Northern Ireland.2There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. There areA.Britain Scotland and WalesB.England, Scotland and WalesB.Britain, Scotland and IrelandD. England, Scotland and Ireland3.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries _A.that have a large number of British immigrantsB.that fought on the side of Britain in the two world warsC.that speak English as their native languageD.that were once colonies of Britain4.In British history, both Saxons an Angels came fromA.northern EuropeB.northern GermanyC.southern EuropeD.southern German5.It was ___ who laid the foundation of the English state.A,the VikingsB.the DanesC.CeltsD.the Anglo-Saxons6 .In Britain, the prime minister is the leader of the party that holds the most seats in ___A.the House of LordsB.the House of CommonsC.the SenateD.the House of Representative7.The Bill of Rights is the term used for the first ____________ amendments to the Constitution of the United States.A. fiveB. sevenC.tenD.thirteen8.Which branch of the American government has the power to interpret the Constitution?A. The Supreme CourtB. The PresidentC.The HouseD.The Senate9.What is the official name of Great Britain?10.In Britain, what does BBC stand for? In U.S. what does VOA stand for?14。