酒水基础知识 SpiritsBasics

SPIRITS BASICS

烈酒基础

A R EVIEW OF F ERMENTATION AND D ISTILLATION.

对发酵和蒸馏的回顾。

T HE D IFFERENCES AND THE P RODUCTION

区别和生产

T ECHNIQUES OF ALL THE M AJOR S PIRIT T YPES.

所有主要烈酒类型的方法。

SPIRITS BASICS- Seminar Outline 烈酒基础知识-研究纲要

1. History历史

2. Fermentation [,fə:men'teiʃən]发酵

3. Distillation [,disti'leiʃən]蒸馏

4. American Whiskey美国威士忌

5. Canadian Whisky加拿大威士忌

6. Irish Whiskey爱尔兰威士忌

7. Scotch Whisky苏格兰威士忌

8. Vodka伏特加

9. Gin金酒、杜松子酒

10. Tequila [tə'ki:lə ]龙舌兰酒

11. Rum朗姆酒

12. Brandy白兰地酒

13. Cognac ['kɔnjæk] & Armagnac ['ɑ:mənjæk]干忌&阿玛尼亚克

Ps：阿尔玛涅克（Armagnac)是法国白兰地的2大产区之一，另一个叫干邑（Cognac）。干邑的白兰地主要用于出口，而阿尔玛涅克（雅文邑）主要是内销，中国国内是比较少见的。

14. Cordials ['kɔ:djəl] & Liqueurs [li'kjuə]甜酒&利口酒

History历史

Spirits are potable alcoholic liquids obtained through distillation.

烈酒是由蒸馏获取的可饮用的酒精液体。

Only possible to produce since the discovery of distillation.

蒸馏的发现使其生产成为可能。

Distillation was perfected in the early 1300’s by the Arabs.

蒸馏的完善是由阿拉伯人在1300年代早期。

They gave us the terms Alcohol (Al-Kuhul) and Alembic (Al-Alembic).

他们给了我们术语酒精(Al-Kuhul)和蒸馏器(Al-Alembic)。

What is Fermentation什么是发酵?

C6H12O6 + Yeast = 2C2H5OH +2CO2 + 56Kcal.

Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + Heat

糖+ 酵母= 酒精+ 二氧化碳+热量

What is Distillation什么是蒸馏?

The process that separates and captures the alcohol from any liquid that contains alcohol.从任何含有酒精的液体中分离和提取酒精的过程。

Possible because alcohol vaporizes ['veipəraiz] at 173 degrees, while water vaporizes at 212 degrees.可能是因为酒精在173度挥发,水在212度挥发。

As alcohol vapors rise, they are captured, cooled, and stored in a container. 由于酒精挥发上升,他们被提取,冷却,然后存储在容器里。

What are Distilled Spirits什么是蒸馏酒?

Distilled Spirits are potable liquids obtained by distilling a fermented liquid to a higher proof liquid. The factors that make them different from one another are the contents, aside from alcohol, that are necessarily distilled out with the alcohol. These are the flavoring elements, the small amounts of alcohol other than ethyl, and the solids and materials that differ in fruits, grains, sugarcane, agave or whatever raw material is used.

蒸馏酒是通过将发酵液体蒸馏成为高浓度液体来获取的可饮用液体。

蒸馏酒是乙醇浓度高于原发酵产物的各种酒精饮料。

因素使他们相互区别的内容,除了酒精,那一定是蒸馏的酒。这些调味元素,少量的酒精除了乙基、固体和材料,不同水果、谷类、甘蔗、龙舌兰或任何原料使用。

Spirit Types烈酒种类:

Brandy白兰地- A potable spirit, often aged in wood, obtained by distilling wine or a fermented mash of fruit.有VS VO VSOP XO几种级别，XO是其中一种。是用葡萄发酵经蒸馏，酒精度在60 -65度，再经过木桶储存而成，其级别是由其储存年限而定。 Whiskey威士忌- A spirit, usually aged in oak, obtained from the distillation of a fermented mash of grain.威士忌是由大麦及其他谷物经粉碎、糖化、发酵、蒸馏，酒精度也在60-65的范围，经木桶储存数年而成。

Rum 朗姆酒- a potable spirit, aged in wood, obtained from the distillation of sugar cane juice or molasses.是以甘蔗为原料，将甘蔗榨汁后发酵、蒸馏后在橡木桶中储存而成，是世界上消费量最大的酒品之一。

Vodka伏尔加- The American version is a neutral spirit obtained from a grain mash and filtered so it does not have any distinctive aroma, taste or color.是从俄语“水”一词派生而来的，是俄国具有代表性的白酒，开始用小麦、黑麦、大麦等作原料酿造的，到18世纪以后使用土豆和玉米作原料蒸馏而成。

Gin金酒/杜松子酒- a flavored beverage obtained by redistilling a high-proof neutral spirit in the presence of juniper berries and other flavoring agents.又称“琴酒”或“杜松子酒”，是人类第一种为特殊目的所造的烈酒，琴酒的故乡在荷兰，它起源于1660年，最先是由一位荷兰的大学教授Sylvius所发明，其目的是为了让荷兰人预防感染热带性疾病，最初是作为利尿、清热的药剂使用。酿造：主要是以谷物为原料，经过糖化、发酵、蒸馏成高度酒精后，加入杜松子、柠檬皮、肉桂等原料，再进行第二次的蒸馏形成。金酒在鸡尾酒的调制中使用量非常大，一些有名的鸡尾酒的成份大都离不开金酒。 Tequila龙舌兰酒- made from a fermented must of the agave plant.必须由龙舌兰发酵而成。

Cordials and Liqueurs甜酒和利口酒- Distillation or infusion of a flavoring agent in a base spirit.蒸馏或在基酒中剂注入增味剂。

Whiskey – Production威士忌—生产

Mashing磨碎- Mixing the grains that have been ground to grist with warm water that completes the conversion of the starches into fermentable sugars. This is called the wort or the mash.将发芽后的大麦进行加工磨碎，使其更易溶解，同时也会释出一种甜味的液体，称之为麦芽汁。在磨碎过程中所需的材料是水和经过发芽的大麦。水质在这整个过程中都起着非常重要的作用，当然也决定了最后生产出的酒。

Fermentation发酵– The mash is cooled and placed in a fermenter. Yeast is added