英汉翻译之增词法

②The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上 帝保佑。
II. 为了明确语义而增词
为了表达清晰和自然，翻译时可能需要根据 具体情况增加合适的译语词汇，包括动词、 形容词、副词、名词、量词、语气词、概括 词以及承上启下的词等等。
We resort to amplification for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author because English and Chinese are entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background
Warming up Activity

Reflection:
What did you need to do to make your
translation convey the original meaning and meanwhile read smoothly? What technique did you use in translating them?

1. 增加比喻的喻意 2. 增加背景信息
1. 增加比喻的喻意
① Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”. 这些话使我欢欣鼓舞，就像 ___ 结出了花一样 。
增词的作用

增词的主要作用是：补足语际转换后缺失的含义、 使译文结构保持完整、补充修辞手段、解释原作中 的文化因素和背景等，从而使得译文在语法、语言 形式上符合译文习惯，在文化背景、词语联想方面 与原文保持一致，在内容、形式、精神等三方面实 现译文与原文的对等，以便忠实、通顺地再现原作 的意义与风格。
Amplification
教学内容：
增词法
1.适当增添的必要性 2.增词法在英汉翻译中的运用
Warming-up Activity
Read
the passage “Priceless” and discuss in groups how to translate the underlined sentences AND the title.

Amplification

Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
根据汉语习惯，有时需要添加概括性词汇。
1) Like most wildlife ， deer reproduce ， grow ， and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available.
道是无价却有价
互联网免费午餐有代价。
Facebook的用户平均每天花50分钟使用该网站。 它“免费，且永远免费”的承诺对用户来说无疑 像捡了个大便宜。表面上看，互联网上净是这种 “ 大 便 宜 ” ， Facebook 只 是 其 中 之 一 —— YouTube 的观众每天观看视频的时间总计多达 10 亿小时。这些免费午餐确实是有代价的，问题在 于如何计算这些代价。除了连接互联网的费用， 消费者没有为很多数字服务付费，经济学家因而 不能将这类交换视为常规交易。免费服务的经营 模式有所不同。
1. Supplying Words to Make Concepts Clear
a.
抽象名词
加“现象、方式、作用、状态、过程、情况”等 1) I was struck by their cordiality to each other. 他们彼此的亲密态度让我吃惊。
2) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.
Priceless
Free stuff on the internet comes at a cost.
FACEBOOK, whose users visit for an average of 50 minutes a day, promises members: “It’s free and always will be.” It certainly sounds like a steal. But it is only one of the bargains that apparently litter the internet: YouTube watchers devour 1bn hours of videos every day, for instance. These free lunches do come at a cost; the problem is calculating how much it is. Because consumers do not pay for many digital services in cash, beyond the cost of an internet connection, economists cannot treat these exchanges like normal transactions. The economics of free are different.

Amplification

Besides, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and shorthand words, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to foreigners. Therefore, it is unimaginable for a translator to stick to the original pattern without alteration.
2) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions , he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会和观看乒乓球表 演以后 ，他还得起草最后公报。

增加副词
Leabharlann Baidu
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐地散开了。
3. Supplying Words to Make Generalizations or to Convey the Concept of Plurality

在不及物动词后增加隐含的宾语
She could knit when she was seven.
她七岁就会织毛衣。
Day after day he came to his work— sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天来干活—扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。

增加形容词所修饰的隐含名词
氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。
b. 在具体名词后面增加名词
a) 当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时，在译文中也常常 需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词。 3) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情而判决他儿子有罪。

与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏 秋两季，繁殖、生长储存脂肪。
2) The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.

这个大厅有四大优点：宽敞、明亮、样式新颖、没有回 声。

② Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back. 劝导对他好像水过鸭背似的不起作用。

2. 增加背景信息

① The United States has now set up a loneliness industry. 美国现在已建立了一种为孤独的人们服务的 社会项目。
物质可以转化为能 ，能也可以转化为物质。

增加动词
1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、 游公园、看演出、吃名菜。
Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese Translation
增词法在英汉翻译中的运用
英译汉时增词主要有以下四种情况：
弥补文化差异而增词
为了明确语义而增词
出于结构需要而增词 出于修辞需要而增词
I. Cultural Amplification (从文化上 考虑的增词)
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是物美价廉。
He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常，反复多变， 有些犹豫寡欢。
Why is it sometimes necessary for a translator to add some words when translating?
The Necessity of Amplification
As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words or omitting unnecessary words in translation to make her version both accurate in meaning and consistent with the idiomatic use of the target language.
3) There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary people” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有 “普通民众”挥舞纸旗、手捧花束的场面。
2. Supplying Words Omitted in the Original 原文中暗含的意思，有时需通过加词明确表达出 来。
1) Inflation has now reached unprecedented
level.
通货膨胀已发展到了空前严重的地步。
2) Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.