生物专业英语试题附答案

生物专业英语试题及答案

一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语：

1、Odorant receptor

气味受体（气味感受器、嗅觉受体、嗅觉感受器也得1分；仅答受体或感受器，则得0.5分）。

2、Differentially expressed gene

差异化表达基因（答为“不同表达基因”，仅得0.5分）。

3、MOE

主要嗅（觉）上皮[答为“嗅（觉）上皮”也得1分；若写出其英文术语全称“Main olfactory epithelium”，也得分]。

4、VNO4

犁鼻器（答为“信息素外周感受器”也得1分；若写出其英文术语全称“Vomeronasal organ”，也得分）。

5、Social behavior

社会行为（答为“社群行为、社交行为”也得1分）。

6、Monogamy

一夫一妻制（答为“一雄一雌制、单配制”也得1分）

7、Vasopressin

加压素（答为“抗利尿素”仅得0.5分）。

8、Oxytocin

催产素。

9、Kin recognition

亲属识别。

10、Autism

自闭症/孤独症。

11、NIH

(美国)国家(立)卫生研究院(所)(若写出其英文术语全称NIH = National Institutes of Health 也得分)。

12、HHMI

霍华德·休斯医学研究所(若写出其英文术语全称HHMI = Howard Hughes Medical Institute也得分；或者译为Howard Hughes 医学研究所，也得全分)。

13、Nanotechnology

纳米技术（纳米科技、奈米技术、奈米科技）。阳光大学生网

14、Renewable energy

可再生能源（量）（答为“可更新能源、再生能源”，或意思相近者，也得1分）。

15、Biomechanical energy

生物机械能（答为“生物力能、生物力学能”也得1分，而“生物化学能、生物能”，则得0.5分）

16、Nanogenerator

纳米发电机（答为“纳米发动机、纳米电机、纳米发生器、纳米生产器”，也得1分）。

17、Systems biology

系统生物学。

18、DNA sequencer

DNA测序仪[答为“DNA测序（器、机）、DNA序列仪（器）”也得1分，答为DNA序列，仅得0.5分]。

19、Neurodegenerative diseases

神经退行性病（若答为“神经系统退行性疾病”或者“神经系统退化性疾病”，也得1）。

20、Amygdala

杏仁核（答为“杏仁体”，也得1分）。

将英语短文译为中文:（4篇短文，每个小题的标题也要翻译，各为20、10、10、10分，共50分）

1. “The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004”Press Release（20分）

4 October 2004

The Nobel Assemblyat Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2004 jointly toRichard Axel and Linda B. Buckfor their discoveries of "odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"

Summary

The sense of smell long remained the most enigmatic of our senses. The basic principles for recognizing and remembering about 10,000 different odours were not understood. This year's Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine have solved this problem and in a series of pioneering studies clarified how our olfactory system works. They discovered a large gene family, comprised of some 1,000 different genes (three per cent of our genes) that give rise to an equivalent number of olfactory receptor types. These receptors are located on the olfactory receptor cells, which occupy a small area in the upper part of the nasal epithelium and detect the inhaled odorant molecules.

Each olfactory receptor cell possesses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances. Our olfactory receptor cells are therefore highly specialized for a few odours. The cells send thin nerve processes directly to distinct micro domains, glomeruli, in the olfactory bulb, the primary olfactory area of the brain. Receptor cells carrying the same type of receptor send their nerve processes to the same glomerulus. From these micro domains in the olfactory bulb the information is relayed further to other parts of the brain, where the information from several olfactory receptors is combined, forming a pattern. Therefore, we can consciously experience the smell of a lilac flower in the spring and recall this olfactory memory at other times.

Richard Axel, New York, USA, and Linda Buck, Seattle, USA, published the fundamental paper jointly in 1991, in which they described the very large family of about one thousand genes for odorant receptors. Axel and Buck have since worked independent of each other, and they have in several elegant, often parallel, studies clarified the olfactory system, from the molecular level to the organization of the cells.

2004年诺贝尔生理或医学奖新闻稿（发布公告）

2004年10月4日

卡罗琳斯卡研究所的诺贝尔大会于今天已经决定将2004年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖共同授予理查德·阿克塞尔和琳达·巴克是因为（以表彰）他们在“气味受体和嗅觉系统的组织”的发现

摘要