化学化工专业英语试卷及答案
化工专业英语试题及答案上课讲义
2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试1、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia () 4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )2、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.3、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）。
大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案
大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文： water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文： Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性） (1.5分) 6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文： Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂 (1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文： Detergency ；中文：去污性（力） (1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文： Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性 (1.5分) 9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文： ammonia ；中文：氨气 (2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文： Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳 (2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文： Fluorine ；中文：氟 (2分)12. KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分)15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分) 16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。
04级化学专业《专业英语》试卷
04级化学专业《专业英语》试卷绍兴文理学院 06 学年第二学期化学专业 04 级《专业英语》试卷(答题卷)I. Write the formula for each of the following chemicals: (30 points)1) silver nitrate 2) ferric oxide3) potassium sulfate 4) ammonium chloride5) magnesium hydroxide 6) sodium phosphate7) silicon dioxide 8) zinc sulfide9) lithium bromide 10) calcium carbonate11) lead acetate 12) carbon tetrachloride13) cyclohexane 14) meta-diethyl benzene15) dimethylamine 16) 3-methyl-1-butyne17) meta-nitrotoluene 18) 2-bromo-5-phenyl-3-octene19) 3-hexanone 20) N,N-dimethyl acetamide21) p-phenylbenzamide 22) benzoyl chloride23) ethylene glycol 24) methyl n-propyl ether25) 1,3-pentadiene 26) methyl formate27) o-phthalic anhydride 28) propionic acid29) formaldehyde 30) p-methoxybenzaldehydeII. Give the English name for each of the following compounds (15 points):1) H2SO42) Al2O33) KH2PO44) SO35) CH2=CH-CH36) (CH3)3CCl7) CF3COOH 8) H2NCH2CH2NH29) (CH3)2CHOH 10) p-F-C6H4-OH11) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CO-CH3 12) CH3-CH=CH-CHO13) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH 14) CH3CO-CH2COOC2H515) CH3(CH2)3C≡NIII. For the following descriptions or definitions, determine true or false for each statement based on principles in chemistry (10 points):1) The oxidized and reduced species that appear in an ion-electron equation are may be non-reactants.2) Standard enthalpy of formation is the heat of formation of one mole of a compound by combination of its elements in their standard states at a specified temperature.3) Enantiomers are pairs of molecules with the same formula that rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.4) A nucleophile is an electron deficient atom or group that will bond with an atom that has a available electron pair5) Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of a product that can be formed according to a ba lanced chemical equation IV. (5 points) Answer the following questions in ENGLISH:Nitrous oxide, N2O, undergoes decomposition when heated to give N2 and O2.2 N2O (g) → 2 N2 (g) + O2 (g)What is the molar composition of the gaseous mixture produced? Compare this composition to that of air and predict whether the mixture will support combustion or not?V. (5 points) Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of paragraph: The rules that govern the naming of chemical compounds are known collectively as chemical ________________. In a simple way, the name of a cation consists of the name of the element, the _____________on the ion as a Roman numeral in parenthesis, and the word “ion”. The name of a monatomic _______________ (e.g., Cl-) consists of the name of the element with the ending“ide”, followed by the word “ion”. A binary compound is one containing atoms or ions of only two ________________. Salts are _________________ formed between cations and anions of acids. For binary molecular compounds, prefixes are used to indicate the number of each element present.anion elements nomenclature ionic compounds chargeVI. (5 points) Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the appropriate words or phrases listed as follows:The geometry around the C=C double bond in an __________ plays an important role in the chemistry of these compounds. The presence of the bond restricts rotation around a C=C double bond. There is no way to rotate one end of this bond relative to the other without breaking the bond. Because the _____________ is relatively strong (270 kJ/mol), rotation around the C=C double bond cannot occur at room temperature. Alkenes therefore form stereoisomers that differ in the way substituents are arranged around the C=C double bond. The ____________ in which similar substituents are on the same side of the double bond is called cis; whereas that with similar substituents are across from each other, is called trans. The cis isomer of 2-butene, for example, has both _____________ groups on the same side of the double bond. In the trans isomer the CH3 groups are on the ______________ sides of the double bond.opposite alkene methyl bond energy isomerVII. (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of the paragraph: So far, we have built a small repertoire of reactions that can be used to convert one functional group to another. We have briefly discussed converting alkenes to alkanes; alkanes to alkyl halides; alkyl halides to alcohols; alcohols to ethers, aldehydes, orketones; and aldehydes to carboxylic acids. We have also shown how carboxylic acids can be converted into esters and amides. We have yet to encounter a reaction, however, that addresses a basic question: How do we make C-C bonds? One answer resulted from the work that Francois A.Grignard started as part of his Ph.D. research at the turn of the last century.Grignard noted that alkyl ____________ react with magnesium metal in diethyl ether to form compounds that contain a metal-carbon bond. Methyl bromide, for example, forms methylmagnesium bromide.Et2OCH3Br + Mg →CH3MgBrBecause carbon is considerably more _______________ than magnesium, the metal-carbon bond in this compound has a significant amount of ionic character. Grignard reagents such as CH3MgBr are best thought of as hybrids of ionic and ___________ Lewis structures.CH3-Mg-Br ?[CH3-] [Mg2+] [Br-]Grignard reagents are our first source of carbanions (literally, "anions of carbon"). The Lewis structure of the CH3- ion suggests that carbanions can be Lewis bases, or electron-pair _____________. Grignard reagents such as methylmagnesium bromide are therefore sources of a nucleophile that can attack the + end of the C=O double bond in aldehydes and ketones. Thus the most important aspect of the chemistry of Grignard reagents is the ease with which this reaction allows us to couple alkyl chains. Isopropylmagnesium bromide, for example, can be used to graft an isopropyl group onto the ____________ chain of an appropriate ketone.electronegative hydrocarbon covalent donors halidesVIII. (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of the paragraphs: Why do some solids dissolve in water? The sugar we use to sweeten coffee or tea is a molecular solid, in which the individual molecules are held together by relatively weak ________________________. When sugar dissolves in water, the weak bonds between the individual sucrose molecules are broken, and these C12H22O11 molecules are released into ________________. It takes energy to break the bonds between the C12H22O11 molecules in sucrose. It also takes energy to break the hydrogen bonds in water that must be disrupted to insert one of these sucrose molecules into solution. Sugar dissolves in water because energy is give n off when the slightly polar sucrose molecules form intermolecular bonds with the polar water molecules. The weak bonds that form between the solute and the solvent compensate for the energy needed to disrupt the structure of both the pure solute and the solvent. In the case of sugar and water, this process works so well that up to 1800 grams of sucrose can dissolve in a liter of water.Ionic solids(or salts) contain positive and negative ions, which are held together by the strong force of __________________ between particles with opposite charges. When one of these solids dissolves in water, the ions that form the solid are released into solution, where they become associated with the ___________________solvent molecules.H2ONaCl(s) →Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)We can generally assume that salts ________________ into their ions when they dissolve in water. Ionic compounds dissolve in water if the energy given off when the ions interact with watermolecules compensates for the energy needed to break the ionic bonds in the solid and the energy required to separate the water molecules so that the ions can be inserted into solution.dissociate intermolecular forces attraction polar solutionIX. (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of the paragraphs:A soap bubble is simply a very thin sheet of water sandwiched between two layers of soap molecules, also called _____________________. These molecules are called amphiphilic. This means that part of this molecule is attracted to water, which is hydrophilic, and another part is repelled from water, which is _____________________.When such a molecule is put in water, as many as possible will crowd to the surface, so that the heads can stay in the water, while the tails stick out into the ___________. This is why soap-like molecules are called surfactants, since they mostly affect the _________ of water. It is these molecules that make soap bubbles stable.Some bubbles result from gas being trapped in solution, such as CO2 in soda and champagne, or N2 in the blood of deep sea divers. Much study goes into understanding bubbles dissolved in gases, as well as how the formation of large surfaces from surfactants used to construct bubbles are affected by different factors, e.g., temperature, surface __________ , nucleation sites, etc..air, pressure, hydrophobic, surface, surfactant molecules。
化学化工英语试题及答案
化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。
化学化工专业英语部分练习参考答案
化学化工专业英语部分练习参考答案P8.练习答案：（4）I-steel 工字钢；I-shaped I型材；n-region n区p-region p区；T-beam 丁字梁，T型梁P-N-junction P-N结；T-connecting 丁字接头，T形接法A.C.:alternating current 交流电D.C.:direct current 直流电P13.练习答案：一、注意名词单复数的译法1、这台设备已经用了许多年了。
2、空气是各种气体的混合物。
3、许多植物能利用二氧化碳中的氧。
4、带负电荷的机体所含电子数多于质子数。
5、其它蒸发材料（物质）和蒸发过程将简要地加以讨论。
6、这样的一些操作要求物质由气流传递到液体中去。
7、如果不饱和性归因于三键的存在，那么这些化合物都会被称为炔烃。
8、尚未试图在蒸发过程中将蒸汽分馏成各种馏分。
9、许多盐、酸和碱等化合物将被广泛应用于家庭、工业和医药实践中。
10、苯的同系物是那些苯环上含有单烷基（取代一个氢）或多烷基（取代多个氢）的物质。
11、当然，一旦酸失去质子，碱必然接受质子。
因此，酸和碱的反应就是一种质子转移的反应。
这种反应就是我们通常所知的中和反应。
12、这篇文章着重讨论一些原料和成品生产技术上最近的发展。
二、注意词义引申的译法1、叔醇非常难以氧化。
2、含1个到4个碳原子的正烷烃是气体。
3、通常,所有的金属都是良导体,其中银的传导性最好,其次是铜。
4.从两种或任意多种溶液中分离溶质都需要蒸馏的分馏技术。
三、注意词的增译及省译1、橡胶能阻止电流通过。
2、过去每到他轮班时就会给车床上油。
3、从这个意义上讲，结构分析普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。
4、过去在电子尚未被发现以前，人们就假定了不可见电流是从正极流向负极。
5、有人看见这些工人在修理发电机。
6、这些植物提取物的功效已经为早期人类所发现。
7、树木之所以幸存是因为其进化已经使它们成为了高度分隔的有机体。
化工英语试卷
化工专业英语试卷Ⅰ.Put the following into Chinese or English.（20 points）1.polypropylene2.refinery3.extract4.corrosion5.pigment6. complex7. initial state8. hydrogen energy9. branch 10. alkali metal 11.表面活性剂12.热力学13.蒸馏14.高聚物15.溶液16. Seed crystal 17. Litmus paper 18. Evaporating dish 19.Distilling tube20. Simple substance1._____2._____3._____4.____5._____6._____7._____8.____9._____ 10._____ 11._____ 12.____13.____ 14._____ 15._____ 16.____17._____ 18.______ 19._____ 20._____Ⅱ.Translate these sentences into Chinese.（10 points）21. The drive to increased recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade.__________________________________________________________ 22. Chemical engineering has a bright future as interfacial discipline, that will bridge science engineering in the multidisciplinary environments where these new technologies will be brought into being.__________________________________________________________ 23. Foaming and cleaning agents are basic constituents of shampoos and cleansers.__________________________________________________________ 24. Surfactants are substances with molecular structures consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part.__________________________________________________________ 25. While this is true for the manufacturing any cosmetic, emulsions are particularly delicate: small deviations in the procedure of raw material specification can bring about marked changes in product viscosity and stability.__________________________________________________________Ⅲ.Guess word.（5 points）26.The inherent tendency of the whole or apart of the molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.H_______27. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases it is wetting tendency.W______ ______28. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.A______29. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.C______ _______30. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen. F______Ⅳ. In this section, there are 5 questions, each question has four options, one of them is correct, choose the answer you think is right.（10 points）31. The main constituents of plants are_____.A. oxygenB. waterC. carbonD. carbon hydrates32.____ is not categorized as high-volume sectors.A. carbon dioxideB. sculptures acidC. chloral-alkaliD. polythene33. Of all soda-ash, 50% is sold to the_____ industry.A building B. paper-making C. glass –making D. transportation34. ____is the chemical that is produced in the largest tonnage.A. carbonB. oxygenC. euphoric acidD. ammonia35. Almost all explosives are ultimately derive from_____.A. ureaB. nitric acidC. euphoric acidD. ammonia36. Light is given off by a sodium vapor streetlight when____A. electrons move from a given energy level to a higher energy levelB. electrons are removed from atoms and captions are formed.C. electrons move from a given energy level to a lower energy levelD. electrons are added to atoms and anions are formed37. Which mixture is most likely to be an ideal solution?A.CH3CH2OH and CH3(CH2)3CH3B. CH3(CH2)3CH3 and CH3(CH2)4CH3C. CH3CH2OH and H2OD. NaOH and H2O38. Electricity is carried through a solution of an electrolyte by____A. electrons onlyB. anions onlyC. cations onlyD. both cations and anions39. Which of the following is electrophilic reagent？A. H2N－NH2B. NaHSO3C. HNO3D. HCN40. Arrange the bases ClCH2COO-, CH3COO- and FCH2COO- in order of increasing strengthA. FCH2COO- < ClCH2COO- < CH3COO-B. CH3COO- < ClCH2COO- < FCH2COO-C. ClCH2COO- < FCH2COO- < CH3COO-D. CH3COO- < FCH2COO- < ClCH2COO-Ⅴ. In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage.（10 points）One of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great 41____to, and investment in research and development (R&D). A typical figure is 5% of sales income, with this figure being almost doubled for the most research42_____ sector, pharmaceuticals. It is important to 43___ that we are quoting percentages here not of profits but of sales income, i.e. the total money received, which has to pay for 44____materials, overheads, staff salaries, etc. as well. In the past this tremendous investment has 45____well, leading to many useful and valuable products being 46____to the market. Examples include 47____polymers like nylons and polyesters, and drugs and pesticides. Although the number of new products introduced to the market has declined 48____in recent years, and in times of 49____the research department is usually one of the first to suffer50____, the commitment to R&D remains at a very high level.paid off syntheticemphasize cutbacksintensive introducedsignificantly commitmentrecession rawⅥ. There are one passage in this section, passage is followed by somequestions or statements. You should decide on the best choice.（10 points）The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking" .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or "ticks" 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astrological observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomic Ron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similarmodel. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.51. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ______A more preciseB absolutely accurateC more durableD indestructible52. The passage says that the accuracy of scientific observation depends on ________.A. methods of measurementB. timekeeping methodsC. basic assumptionsD. earlier experiments53. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as to the usage of atomic clock?A. Scientific research.B. Astronomical observation.C. To check Einstein relativity theory.D. Long range navigation.54. Which of the following is implied but not stated?A. Precise timekeeping is essential in science.B. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein relativity theories.C. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight.D. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies.55. An appropriate title for this passage would be.A. A Peacetime Use of the AtomB. Atoms and MoleculesC. The Satellite TimekeepersD. The Role of the ClockⅦ.Translate into Chinese.（15 points）Note, however, that there has been a major change in recent years as academic institutions have increasingly turned to industry for research funding, with the result that much more of their research effort is mow devoted to more applied research. Even so, in academia the emphasis generally is very much on the research rather than the development.ⅧWriting.（20 points）For this part, you should write a short essay entitled The Development of Fine Chemicals. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.精细化工现状2.精细化工未来发展前景3.我的建议___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________KEY:1.聚丙烯2.炼油厂3.萃取；提炼4.腐蚀；锈蚀5.颜料；色素6. 络合物 6. surface-active agent7. 始态8. 氢键9. 支键10. 碱金属11.thermodynamics12. still 13.macromer 14.dissolution 15.solution 16. 晶种17. 石蕊试纸18. 蒸发皿19. 整流管20. 简单物质21.增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展的主要因素.22.作为界面科学，化学工程有美好的未来，它把科学和工程连接在多学科的环境中，这将促使新技术的生成。
化工专业英语练习题 参考答案
练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。
2023年化学期末考试题目与解答(英文)
2023年化学期末考试题目与解答(英文) 2023 Chemistry Final Exam Questions and Answers1. Define the term "molecule" and provide an example.3. Describe the process of chemical bonding.4. Discuss the concept of chemical equilibrium.Chemical equilibrium is a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.5. Explain the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction.An exothermic reaction releases heat to its surroundings, while an endothermic reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings.6. Define the term "pH" and its significance in chemistry.pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, indicating the concentration of hydrogen ions present. It is important in chemistry as it affects the properties and behavior of substances in a solution.7. Discuss the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy for the reaction to occur.8. Describe the properties and uses of the following elements: carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.9. Explain the concept of oxidation and reduction in chemical reactions.Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a substance, while reduction is the gain of electrons. Together, they make up redox reactions where electrons are transferred between reactants.10. Discuss the environmental impact of chemical processes and the importance of green chemistry.Chemical processes can have negative effects on the environment through pollution and waste generation. Green chemistry aims to design chemical products and processes that minimize their impact on human health and the environment.These are just a few examples of the topics that may be covered in the 2023 Chemistry Final Exam. Make sure to review your notes, textbooks, and practice problems to prepare thoroughly for the exam.。
化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案
化学专业英语试卷学号：姓名：成绩: 一：把下列单词或词组译成英文本题共 30 分,每小题 1 分1. NiClO42 nickel perchlorate3. FeCl2 iron2chloride5. AlNO33 aluminum nitrate7. MnO2 manganese dioxide9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide11. NaClO sodium hypochloride13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide15. KMnO4 patassium permangate17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid19. KCN patassium cyanide21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride25. 中和neutralize27. 比热容specific heat capacity29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate6. CaC2H3O22 calcium acetate8. H2SO410. 六氰合铁Ⅱ酸钾12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate16. ZnOH2 zinc hydroxide18. 磷酸根 phosphate20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷2,3-dimethylpentane22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloct ane24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper 26. 滴定titration28. 非电解质electrolyte 30. 配位化合物complex compound三. 把下列短文译成汉语本题共 40 分,每小题 10 分1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围;没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆;不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物;我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机;我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分;没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多;2． The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules —can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out.探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识;也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换;因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型;这样一个模型的能力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构;此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式,不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的3．Preparation of Cuen2cdaH2O: H2cda 4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸 g, mmol was dissolvedin water 10 mL and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution molL-1, then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution 10mL ofCuClO42·6H2O , and ethylenediamine mmol under stirring at room temperature.After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.制备CUen2cdaH2O:使克,的4 -羟基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入氢氧化钠水溶液调整到pH值7 ~ 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到CuClO42·6H2O,的乙醇溶液和乙二胺,在室温下搅拌;在室温下,缓慢蒸发滤液,得到深蓝色晶体,用x射线分析它的结构4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid. 用移液管吸取50ml醋加入到250毫升烧杯,加2滴酚酞指示剂;在滴定管中加入1M的氢氧化钠溶液,去除刻度线以上的溶液,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中,并不断震荡,至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色;出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱,而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色;阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积;一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应;计算醋酸在醋的量;报告醋酸的百分比;。
内蒙古大学鄂尔多斯学院化工专业英语期末试卷及答案
内蒙古大学鄂尔多斯学院《化工专业英语》期末考试试卷（A）（2010——2011学年第一学期）（闭卷 120 分钟）学号姓名专业年级重修标记□I.阅读理解（Reading and Understanding )(i) This might be achieved in a number of ways, for example, improving the profitability(利润) of the process, increasing the capacity (产量) by introduction a new catalyst, or lowering the energy requirement of the process.1. Which one is not mentioned in above section.( )(A) increasing the profitalbility(B) improving the capacity(C) using large amount of catalyst(D) lowing the energy requirement(ii) This often means that there will be close liaison(联系) between the chemical companies’technical sales representatives(代表) and the customer, and the level of technical support for the customer can be a major factor in winning sales.2. We can conclude that ( ) from the above section.(A) there are close liaison between the products and customer.(B) a major factor for winning sales is the level of technical support for customer(C) a major factor in winning sales is the close liaison between the chemical companies’technical sales representatives and the customer.(D) the major factors in winning sales are the the close liaison between the chemical companies’technical sales representatives and the customer and the level of technical support for the customer.(iii) A major advance in polymer chemistry was provided by the work of Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, which led in 1955 to the introduction of some revolutionary (革命性的) catalysts which bear their name. During the late 1970s production of linear (线性) low-density polyethylene (聚乙烯) was commercialized.3. The introduction of some revolutionary catalysts is due to the in polymerchemistry.4. This paragraph implies that（）(A) During the late 1970s, the linear low-density polythylene are widely produced.(B) In 1955, the linear polyethylene was commercialized.一、阅读与理解（每小题2分，共20分）二、翻译一——英译汉（每小题6分，共30分）三、翻译二——汉译英（每小题6分，共30分）四、翻译三——摘要（20 分）(C) Some revolutionary catalysts were introduced during the late 1970s..(D) The linear low-density polyethylene bears the name of Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta. (iv) The basic components (构成) of a typical chemical process are shown in Fig. 1, in which each block (方框) represents (代表) a stage in the overall (全部) process for producing a product from the raw materials. Fig. 1 represents a generalized (一般的) process; not all stages will be needed for any particular process and the complexity (复杂程度) of each stage will depend on the nature of the process.5. This paragraph implies that ( )(A）Figure 1 represents particular process.(B）each block in Fig.1 represents a stage of particular process.(C）the complexity of each stage will depend on the cost.(D）not all stages in Fig.1 are included in every chemical process.6. Fig 1 represents a process for producing a product from the. (v) There are over three million known compounds, with no end(没有尽头) in sight as to the number that can and will be prepared(制备,准备) in the future. Each compound is unique(唯一的) and has characteristic(特有的) physical and chemical properties(性质).Let us consider in some detail two compounds—water and mercuric(汞,水银) oxide.Water is a colorless, odorless(无嗅), tasteless (无味) liquid that can be changed to a solid, ice at 0℃and to a gas, steam(蒸汽) at 100℃. It is composed of two atoms of hydrogen(氢) and one atom of oxygen per molecule (分子), which represents(表现) 11.2 percent hydrogen and88.8 percent oxygen by mass (质量). Water reacts chemically with sodium (钠) to producehydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide(氢氧化物), with lime (石灰) to produce calcium (钙) hydroxide, and with sulfur(硫) trioxide(三氧化物) to produce sulfuric(硫的,硫磺的) acid(酸).No other compound has all these exact(精确的) physical and chemical properties; they are characteristic of water alone.Mercuric oxide is a dense(致密的), orange-red powder composed of a ratio of one atom of mercury to one atom of oxygen. Its composition(组成) by mass is 92.6 precent mercury and7.4 percent oxygen. When it is heated to temperatures greater than 360℃, a colorless gas,oxygen, and a silvery(银子似的；有银色光泽的) liquid metal, mercury, are produced. Here again are specific(明确的,特定的) physical and chemical properties belonging to mercuricoxide and to no other substance. Thus, a compound may be identified(区别,识别,鉴定) and distinguished(区分) from all other compounds by its characteristic properties.7. Which one is not correct as to the above passage. ( )(A）There are more than 3 million compounds which are known at present.(B）The number of compounds which can be prepared in the future could be calculated.(C）Every compound is special and unique.(D）There are characteristic physical and chemical properties for each compound.8. There are two compounds are detailed introduced in this passage, they areand , respectively.9. This passage suggested that ( )(A) Water is liquid, but can be changed into solid and gas under cetain conditions.(B) Water is composed of one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen per molecule.(C) Water could react with sodium or lime, but could not react with sulfur trioxide.(D) No other compound has exact physical and chemical properties expect water and mercuricoxide.10. Mercuric oxide has the following properties expect ( )(A）dense (B）orange-red color(C）turn to liquid at more than 360o C(D）the liquid mercury are much darker in color than mercuric oxideII.翻译一（Translating English to Chinese，英译汉)1. Next reaction (反应) was designed based on the obtained experimental (实验的) data.2. The explosive growth in petrochemistry (石油化学) was largely due to the enormous increaseof synthetic polymers (合成聚合物).3. Because of the diversity (多样性) of operations (操作) and close links (联系) in many areas,there is no simple definition (定义) of the chemical industry.4. The purpose of this meeting is to provide information and knowledge in order to reduceuncertainty (不确定性), solve problems and provide better data.5. The basic components (构成) of a typical chemical process are shown in Fig. 1, in which each block (方框) represents (代表) a stage in the overall (全部) process for producing a product from the raw materials.III.翻译二（Translating Chinese to English，汉译英)1. 值得注意的是这些化合物(compounds)的大多数都是无机物(inorganic materials)。
化学专业英语真题答案解析
化学专业英语真题答案解析化学是自然科学中的重要学科之一，在全球范围内都有广泛的研究和应用。
随着国际化和交流的加强，掌握好化学专业英语已经成为化学学生的必备能力之一。
为了帮助化学学生更好地应对英语考试，下面将针对化学专业英语真题进行解析，为大家详细解答各道题目。
第一题：The equation —— gives the action of the solvent on solute. What is the term that can be used to describe this equation?A. Complexation equationB. Partition coefficient equationC. Solubility equationD. Reaction equation正确答案：C. Solubility equation解析：这道题目考查了化学中关于溶解性的概念。
答题关键是理解题干中“the action of the solvent on solute”所涉及的内容，也就是溶解过程。
根据知识点可以得知，溶解度方程是用来描述溶解过程的，所以正确答案是C. Solubility equation。
第二题：According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of a system and its surroundings will ______ during a chemical reaction.A. increaseB. decreaseC. remain constantD. fluctuate正确答案：C. remain constant解析：第一题涉及到了热力学中的第一定律。
根据第一定律的表述，能量在化学反应中是守恒的，也就是说系统和周围环境的能量总量不会发生变化。
因此，正确答案是C. remain constant。
化工专业英语试题及答案可编辑.doc
2014〜2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( 3、ammonia ( ))2、sulphuric (4、polymer ())5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( )8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10> profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( )14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16> exothermic( )17> polycarbonate( )18> isothermal( )19> cybernetics ( )20 > filtration( )二、句子翻译(每题5分，共30分)1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.6> The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.三、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（)3、吸收（)4、冷凝（)5、沉降（)6、结晶（)7、粉碎（)8、电解（)9、搅动（)10、离心（)11、平衡（)12、体积（)13、催化剂（）14、一（)15、二（)16、三（)17、四（)18、五（)19、六（)20、七（)21、八（)22、九、（)23、十（)24、氮基化合物（四、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。
化工专业英语试题一
（共4页） 第1页（共4页） 第2页南华大学化学化工学院 2014-2015学年第1学期《化工专业英语》考试试卷一、用汉语翻译下列化合物（每小题1.5分，共15分）1、 inorganic 无机的、无机物的2、petrochemical 石油化学的、石油3、Polyepropylene 聚丙烯4、fing chemical 精细化学品5、sulphite 亚硫酸盐6、gradient 梯度、变化率7、 rupture disk 安全膜8、commission 投产9、glyceride 甘油酯 10、hydrogenate 使氢化二、画出下列无机化合物英文名称（每小题3分，共12分）1、CO2、SO 23、K 3PO 34、H 2CO 3 carbonic acid三、写出下列实验仪器的英文名称（每小题4分，共20分）1、洗瓶2、抽滤瓶 3、烧杯4、容量瓶5、试管四、写出缩略词全名（每小题4分，共20分）1、 TM trademark2、 PVC poly vinyl chloride3、 CFC chlorofluorocarbon4、 PEEK polyetheretherketone5、 LPG liquefied petroleum gas五、翻译（每小题6分，共30分）························阅·······················卷························密························封························线························· 学院：__化学化工学院_____ 年级：__2012__________ 专业：____化学工程与工艺________ 姓名：___刘科兵____________ 学号：_0124540133_____························装·······················订························密························封························线·························1、A paper is not just an archival device for storing a completed research program, it is also a structure for planning your research in progress. If you clearly understand the purpose and form of a paper, it can be immensely useful to you in organizing and conducting your research.2、The drawbacks of a continuous-flow microwave apparatus are that it can bedifcult to process solids, highly viscous liquids, or heterogeneous reaction mixtures. Also, adaptation of conditions from simple small-scale reactions to the continuous-ow cell could end up being time-consuming.3、The other option is to use a batch-type process. This could either involve using one large vesses or parallel batch reactors. One of the key advantages of batch processing is that heterogeneity does not prove an issue.4、The use of continuous-flow rather than batch processing means that signicant quantities of reagents can be processed and only a relatively small quantity of material is in the microwave field at any one time.5、Our objectives when starting out with our work with continuous-flow apparatus were to determine if it was possible to process homogeneous, heterogeneous, and highly viscous reaction mixtures and to use directly the reaction conditions from small batch runs without need for reoptimization.（共4页）第3页（共4页）第4页。
化工专业英语试题
河北科技大学理工学院2009——2010学年第二学期《化工专业英语》考试试卷一、将下列单词或词组译成汉语(20%，每个1分)。
3-nitrotoluene centrifugationpartial pressure bubble phaseboiling bed streamlines flow sensible heat pressure drop internal energy particulate fluidization extractive agent civil engineer boundary layer buffer layer dehumidification original temperature catalytic cracking dew pointsodium chloride internal energy二、将下列单词或词组译成英语(10%，每个1分)。
单元操作冷凝湿球密度二氧化碳沸点乙烯过滤化学工程辛烷三、阅读理解(10%，每题2分)。
The first products given off during the distillation of petroleum are gaseous. They are mainly hydrocarbons having one to five carbon atoms which are usually separated from each other by chemical methods.四、将下列句子译成汉语(30%，每题6分)。
（1）Dehumidification of air can be effected by bringing it into contact with a cold surface, either liquid or solid.（2）At high velocities two separate phases are formed; the continuous phase which is often referred to as the dense or emulsion phase, and the discontinuous phase known as the lean（phase）or bubble phase.（3）There are two principal types of flow which will be discussed in detail namely streamlines and turbulent flow .（4）If the process is carried out adiabatically all the energy added to the system appears in the gas and its temperature rises.（5）When the frictional drag on the particles becomes equal to their apparent weight(actual weight less buoyancy), the particles become rearranged.五、阅读回答题（20%）。
化工英语试题及答案
化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案：D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案：D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案：C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案：A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案：D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案：C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案：A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案：B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案：B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案：H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案：Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案：Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案：Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案：Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案：Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案：Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案：Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案：Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案：Mole三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案：A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案：A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案：The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案：Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。
化学化工专业英语试卷
element：11. orbital electron：：2．In contrast to inorganic compounds, the molecularattraction of organiccompounds is weak, soorganic compounds areusually volatile andpossess low meltingpoints.3．Benzene can undergo the typical substitutionreactions ofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonation andFriedel-Craftsreaction. 4．Evaporation is conducted by vaporizing a portion ofthe solvent to produce aconcentrated solution orthick liquor.5．The presence of a substituent group inbenzene exerts aprofound control overboth orientation and theease of introduction ofthe enteringsubstituent.6．The functional group of a ketone consists of acarbon atom connected by adouble bond to an oxygenatom.7．At equilibrium, these two rate are equal; cupricion is still reactingwith ammonia moleculesto form the complex, andthe complex is stilldecomposing, but just asmuch cupric ammoniacomplex is beingdecomposed in unit timeas is being formed. 8．The reaction of an acid chloride with an amine isused commercially in themanufacture of the veryimportant range ofsemi-syntheticpenicilings,firstproduced by the BeechanGroup in 1959. 9．Thus satisfactory binding propertise are essentialfor trouble-freecompression and theproduction of goodquality cakes over longmanufacturing periods. 10．The synthesis of organic compounds involvesconversion ofavailable substancesof known structure,through a sequence ofparticular,controlled chemicalreactions, into othercompounds bearing adesired molecularstructure.The active ingredients were identified in the unsaponifiable fraction of this vegetable product. After solvent extraction and drying, the pure unsaponifiables are obtained in the form of a waxy solid. This waxy solid is then redissolved in untreated shea butter toincrease the unsaponifiable content and thus lead to the unsaponifiable shea butter concentrate. Used incosmetics at levels of up to 2%,it provides excellent protection against sunlight and skin dryness.Another example is the extract of the kola nut, known for its anti-irritant properties. As available in the market, it has an objectionable color and odor . At Estee Lauder, we analyzed and separated its constituents, identified the individual components with anti-irritantproperties, and recombined them in the most effective ratio. In the process , objectionable color and odor were removed and possible allergens 过敏原 eliminated. All this indicates that cosmetics formulated with plantextracts today can be more effective and , at the same time, more elegant than 10 or 20 years ago. 采用一种简单、可靠并且有效的气相色谱法,来同时测定草药鱼腥草和鱼腥草注射液中8种活性组分的含量;在研究的浓度范围内,发现鱼腥草中草药和注射液中8种活性组分的R 2的值高于,都有良好的线性行为,其日内和日间的精度都很高,其RSD 小于2%,且在三种不同浓度下获得的8种组分的平均回收率范围为%–%,RSD 为～%;该方法已成功应用于鱼腥草中草药和注射液的这8种活性成分的同时测定,包括不同厂家、不同批次生产注射液过程中的中间产物;这表明四、 Translate the following paragraph intoChinese本大题共1个小题,共25分五、 Translate the following paragraph intoEnglish 共15分本文提出的方法特别适合注射液的常规分析和在生产过程中的质量控制;。
化学化工专业英语部分练习参考答案
化学化工专业英语部分练习参考答案P8.练习答案：（4）I-steel 工字钢；I-shaped I型材；n-region n区p-region p区；T-beam 丁字梁，T型梁P-N-junction P-N结；T-connecting 丁字接头，T形接法A.C.:alternating current 交流电D.C.:direct current 直流电P13.练习答案：一、注意名词单复数的译法1、这台设备已经用了许多年了。
2、空气是各种气体的混合物。
3、许多植物能利用二氧化碳中的氧。
4、带负电荷的机体所含电子数多于质子数。
5、其它蒸发材料（物质）和蒸发过程将简要地加以讨论。
6、这样的一些操作要求物质由气流传递到液体中去。
7、如果不饱和性归因于三键的存在，那么这些化合物都会被称为炔烃。
8、尚未试图在蒸发过程中将蒸汽分馏成各种馏分。
9、许多盐、酸和碱等化合物将被广泛应用于家庭、工业和医药实践中。
10、苯的同系物是那些苯环上含有单烷基（取代一个氢）或多烷基（取代多个氢）的物质。
11、当然，一旦酸失去质子，碱必然接受质子。
因此，酸和碱的反应就是一种质子转移的反应。
这种反应就是我们通常所知的中和反应。
12、这篇文章着重讨论一些原料和成品生产技术上最近的发展。
二、注意词义引申的译法1、叔醇非常难以氧化。
2、含1个到4个碳原子的正烷烃是气体。
3、通常,所有的金属都是良导体,其中银的传导性最好,其次是铜。
4.从两种或任意多种溶液中分离溶质都需要蒸馏的分馏技术。
三、注意词的增译及省译1、橡胶能阻止电流通过。
2、过去每到他轮班时就会给车床上油。
3、从这个意义上讲，结构分析普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。
4、过去在电子尚未被发现以前，人们就假定了不可见电流是从正极流向负极。
5、有人看见这些工人在修理发电机。
6、这些植物提取物的功效已经为早期人类所发现。
7、树木之所以幸存是因为其进化已经使它们成为了高度分隔的有机体。
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2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文：water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文：Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性）(1.5分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文：Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂(1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文：Detergency ；中文：去污性（力）(1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文：Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性(1.5分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文：ammonia ；中文：氨气(2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文：Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳(2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文：Fluorine ；中文：氟(2分)12. KH2PO4Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。
17. Surface active amine oxides are also classified as nonionic surfactants. (2分)译文：表面活性胺氧化物也被归类为非离子表面活性剂。
18. Fragrances that signal desirable benefits are also perceived as pleasing. (2分)译文：那些能显示产品具有某些人们所需的功能的香气，同时也是令人愉悦的。
19. Products have attributes: they have form, size, price, efficacy, names, fragrance. (2分)译文：产品具有一些属性：它们有类型、尺寸、价格、效能、名称和香味。
20. Foaming and cleaning agents are basic constituents of shampoos and cleansers. (2分)译文：起泡剂和清洁剂是洗发香波和洁面乳的主要组分。
21. What goes unnoticed is how much higher quality the other constituents now are. (2分)译文：现在其他的组分提高了多高的质量（这件事）往往被忽略22. Table 1 gives an overview of the most important substance types assigned to the four surfactant classes. (3分)译文：表1提供了归属于四种表面活性剂种类的最重要的物质类型的一个概观。
23. Experts recently submitted for discussion the classification of cosmetic preparations shown in Table 1. (3分)译文：专家们最近提交了关于如表1所示化妆品制剂分类的讨论（结果）。
24. Surfactants are substances with molecular structures consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part. (3分)译文：表面活性剂是分子结构由一个亲水基和一个疏水基组成的物质。
25. Up front are those products, that make the cleaning of the hair possible, and such that help to improve the styling effect. (3分)译文：前面（提及的）是那些能够清洁头发从而帮助提高（头发）的发型效果的产品。
26. In solvents such as water, the surfactant molecules distribute in such a manner, that their concentration at the interfaces is higher than in the inner regions of the solution. (5分)译文:在像水这样的溶剂中，表面活性剂分子以这样一种方式分布，就是它们在界面处的浓度比溶液内部区域的浓度要高。
27. She is familiar with this brand through advertising she has seen, it costs the same as her regular brand, and she has every expectation that this brand works just about as well as her regular brand. (6分)译文:通过她看过的广告她熟悉这个品牌，它（这个牌子的产品）与她经常用的品牌价格相同，所以她非常希望这个品牌（的产品）（用起来）和她经常用的品牌一样的好。
28. While this is true for the manufacturing of any cosmetic, emulsions are particularly delicate: small deviations in the procedure of raw materialspecifications can bring about marked changes in productviscosity/consistency and stability. (7分)译文:而对于任何化妆品的制造这都是事实，即乳化是特别微妙的：即使是与原材料说明书步骤中很小的偏离，都会在产品黏性和稳定性方面带来显著的变化。
29. Moreover, like other surface active substances, soap not only removes the protective skin surface lipid films, but simultaneously releases appreciable amounts of fatty substances and constituents responsible for the moisture retention capacity from the stratum corneum. (8分)译文:而且，类似其他的表面活性物质，肥皂不仅仅可以去除有保护作用的皮肤表面的脂质膜，而且同时可以从角质层释放出大量与保湿能力有关的脂肪类物质和成分。
Lesson 50 The Role of Fragrance in Consumer Product（参考答案）Abstract：Fragrance is applied in various areas, such as skin care products, oral care products, hair care products and so on. In this article, the role of fragrance in consumer products will be discussed. Besides the basic functional attribute, the aesthetic and signal attribute of fragrance will be hightlighted; and the fuller use of the potential of fragrance will lead to more successful products.。