托福阅读素材：亚投行AIIB是如何产生的
阅读《亚洲基础设施投资银行协定》的相关内容,分析中国发起成立亚洲基础设施投资银行的背景和目的。
阅读《亚洲基础设施投资银行协定》的相关内容，分析中国发起成立亚洲基础设施投资银行的背景和目的。
中国发起成立亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，简称AIIB）的背景和目的主要有以下几个方面：1.基础设施需求：亚洲地区的基础设施需求庞大，包括交通、能源、通信等领域。
随着亚洲国家经济的快速增长和城市化进程的加速，对基础设施投资的需求不断增加。
然而，传统的国际金融机构无法满足亚洲国家对基础设施融资的需求，因此中国决定发起成立AIIB，以填补这一空白。
2.地区合作与融通：中国希望透过成立AIIB加强亚洲国家之间的合作与融通。
亚洲国家在基础设施领域面临许多共同的挑战，通过AIIB的合作，可以促进亚洲国家之间的交流与合作，共同推进基础设施建设，实现经济发展与区域融合。
3.地缘政治和国际体系的平衡：中国发起成立AIIB也可以视为一种地缘政治和国际金融体系的平衡的努力。
在过去，亚洲国家在国际金融机构中的话语权相对较小，中国希望通过AIIB的设立，在经济和金融领域增强自己的地位和影响力，并推动国际金融秩序的改革与多元化。
4.推动“一带一路”倡议：作为中国推动的“一带一路”倡议的重要组成部分，AIIB的设立与发展也为该倡议提供了金融支持。
通过AIIB，中国可以向参与“一带一路”倡议的国家提供重要的基础设施融资，促进倡议的实施和区域的互联互通。
总的来说，中国发起成立亚洲基础设施投资银行旨在填补亚洲基础设施融资空白，加强亚洲国家的合作与融通，提升中国在国际金融体系中的地位和影响力，并推动“一带一路”倡议的实施。
AIIB的建立旨在满足亚洲国家的基础设施融资需求，并推动地区的发展和合作。
什么是亚洲基础设施投资银行？
什么是亚洲基础设施投资银行？亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，以下简称AIIB），是由中国发起的，总部设在中国北京的国际金融机构。
该组织于2014年10月24日成立，旨在为亚洲和其他地区的基础设施建设提供资金支持和技术支持。
AIIB的出现填补了国际金融机构的空缺，也成为了中国在国际金融领域中扮演的一个重要角色。
AIIB的成立AIIB的成立源于中国在国际金融体系中日益强大的地位以及中国政府对于基础设施建设的重视。
该组织的成立也是为了填补亚洲地区在国际金融中缺乏高效、开放、透明、灵活的多边投资机构的空白。
从目前来看，AIIB已成为世界范围内最受欢迎的多边开发银行之一，吸引了众多国家的加入和支持。
AIIB的功能和作用AIIB致力于推动亚洲以及其他地区的基础设施建设，促进亚洲和世界经济的发展。
AIIB通过提供贷款、资本和技术援助等多种手段，为成员国的基础设施建设提供资金和技术上的支持。
此外，AIIB还通过开展各种活动，如研究、知识共享、技能培训等，以帮助成员国提高建设基础设施的质量和效率。
通过对基础设施的投资和支持，AIIB有助于提高基础设施能力和运营水平，从而促进区域和全球经济的发展和繁荣。
AIIB的成员和治理结构AIIB目前共有103个成员国，成员国遍布亚洲、欧洲、非洲、南美洲和北美洲。
虽然中国是AIIB最大的股东，但AIIB是一个开放、多边的机构，只要符合条件的国家和地区都可以成为其成员。
AIIB的治理结构包括理事会、董事会和行政管理人员。
其管理层由总部的行政管理团队和五个管理委员会组成，负责指导、管理和执行银行的日常事务。
结语AIIB的出现为亚洲地区以及其他地区的基础设施建设提供了巨大的支持，促进了成员国的经济发展。
同时，它也为中国在国际金融体系中扮演更重要的角色创造了机会。
中国将继续为AIIB注入更多的资金和资源，以加强其在全球范围内的影响力和实力。
亚洲基础设施投资银行的筹建概况、意义及策略建议
亚洲基础设施投资银行的筹建概况、意义及策略建议一、概述亚洲基础设施投资银行(Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，简称AIIB)是中国发起成立的一家国际性多边开发银行。
AIIB致力于为区域各国的基础建设提供投资和融资服务。
在2015年初，中国共同发起创立的AIIB正式成立，成为了世界上第五个多边开发银行。
AIIB的总部位于中国北京市，成员国目前已达到亚洲、欧洲、非洲、大洋洲等地的100多个国家和地区。
二、意义AIIB的成立意义非常重大：1. 促进亚洲经济发展亚洲地区经济相对落后，基础设施建设较差，加之地缘政治风险高涨，投资和融资成本也呈现出增加趋势，这给亚洲经济的发展带来了极大的压力。
AIIB的成立，为亚洲各国的基础设施建设提供了一条更为便捷、灵活、优质的通道，帮助亚洲各国实现经济发展。
2. 完善全球治理结构多边开发银行是全球治理结构的重要组成部分，也是国际社会共同维护全球经济和贸易秩序的有力机制。
AIIB的成立，丰富了顶层全球治理结构，也为全球应对挑战提供了更多且更好的合作机会。
3. 反映新的国际格局AIIB的成立，不仅反映了世界经济结构变化和亚洲在全球经济格局中的地位不断提升，也是中国承担更多国际社会责任和权益所做出的一份贡献，既为中国拓展影响力创造了机会，也将推动全球发展进程。
三、策略建议在AIIB发展战略方面，我们有以下几点建议：1. 加强多边合作作为一个多边开发银行，AIIB需要依托成员国和国际社会的支持，加强与其他多边开发银行以及各国政府的合作。
在基础设施建设发展方向上，AIIB应该充分发挥自己的作用，重新定义和完善其产品和服务，将提供优质、便捷、高效的金融服务作为差异化的发展策略。
2. 走出一条中国特色的国际化经营道路AIIB作为中国主导筹建的国际多边开发银行，发展时应走出一条中国特色的国际化经营道路，展现出中国的独特魅力和优势。
AIIB要加强与周边国家和地区的经济合作，积极促进亚洲地区资源的有效整合和利用，更好地造福当地民众。
托福阅读素材：亚投行AIIB是如何产生的
托福阅读素材：亚投行AIIB是如何产生的To the alphabet soup of international development banks (ADB, AfDB, CAF, EBRD, IADB), add one more set of initials: AIIB, or for the uninitiated, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. On October 24th, representatives from 21 Asian nations signed an agreement to establish the AIIB, which, as its name suggests, will lend money to build roads, mobile phone towers and other forms of infrastructure in poorer parts of Asia. China spearheaded the bank and hopes to formally launch it by the end of next year.国际发展银行的字母组合中又多了一种：AIIB，对不熟悉这个行业的人来说，它的全称是亚洲基础设施投资银行。
2014年10月24日，21个亚洲国家的代表签署协议创办亚投行。
正如它的名称所述，亚投行将为亚洲不发达国家和地区的道路、移动电话信号发射塔等基础设施建设提供贷款。
作为亚投行的领导者，中国希望它能在明年年底前正式投入运营。
More money for critical projects might seem unambiguously good, but the AIIB has stoked controversy because Asia already has a multilateral lender, the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Why is China creating a new development bank for Asia?重要项目获得更多的资金看起来无疑是件好事，但亚投行引发的争议在于，亚洲已经存在一个多边贷款机构亚洲发展银行(简称ADB)了，为什么中国要为亚洲再创建一个新的发展银行?China’s official answer is that Asia has a massive infrastructure funding gap. The ADB has pegged the hole at some $8 trillion between 2010 and 2020. Existing institutions cannot hope to fill it: the ADB has a capital base (money both paid-in and pledged by member nations) of just over $160 billion and the World Bank has $223 billion. The AIIB will start with $50 billion in capital — hardly enough for what is needed but still a helpful boost.中国的官方回答是亚洲存在巨大的基础设施资金缺口。
亚投行
For example,some countries want to buy some equipment. But don't have enough money,so we can lend them money to buy our things. And if there is not enough money to repay,they can give us oil and natural gas.
Before 2016
Completed
2016
Can help on these domestic prolem
excess capacity国内产能过剩
the over-capacity of reign exchange reserve外汇储备过剩
accelerate the RMB internationalization人民币国际化
With the development of Interent,it’necessary for everyone to know some knowledge about economy and Internet.
"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"
Xi jinping, puts forward the idea in 2013.
（过剩生产力）
The purpose is to output Chinese the excess capacity .and strengthen the relationship with Europe and other countries
The relationship between ALLB and RAB
亚洲基础设施银行（AIIB）
亚洲基础设施银行（AIIB）1倡建方编辑亚洲基础设施投资银行( Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank )将同域外现有多边开发银行合作，相互补充，共同促进亚洲经济持续稳定发展。
[1]2评论编辑亚洲基础设施投资银行( Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank )的建立，将弥补亚洲发展中国家在基础设施投资领域存在的巨大缺口，减少亚洲区内资金外流，投资于亚洲的“活力与增长”。
亚洲基础设施投资银行( Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank )是继提出建立金砖国家开发银行、上合组织开发银行之后，中国试图主导国际金融体系的又一举措。
这也体现出中国尝试在外交战略中发挥资本在国际金融中的力量。
更值得期待的是亚洲基础设施投资银行将可能成为人民币国际化的制度保障，方便人民币“出海”。
[2]3各国反应编辑亚洲基础设施投资银行( Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank )的倡议提出后，立即得到了印度尼西亚、马来西亚和泰国等东盟国家的积极回应与支持。
“亚洲的绝大多数国家正处于工业化、城市化快速推进的进程中，工业化和城市化的前提条件就是基础设施建设要加快。
亚洲基础设施投资银行( Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank )的建设不仅可以加快亚洲国家的发展，亦可带动全球经济的复苏”。
]4成立编辑中国在2014年10月24日正式成立500亿美元的亚洲基础设施投资银行，世界银行等全球金融机构会受到挑战，这些机构被认为受到美国及其盟友的主导。
但是，只有20余个经济体（多数规模较小）将在北京举行的仪式上成为该行的创始成员，此前华盛顿积极游说各国不要参与。
]5意义编辑亚洲基础设施投资银行( Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank )不仅将夯实经济增长动力引擎的基础设施建设，还将提高亚洲资本的利用效率及对区域发展的贡献水平。
亚洲基础设施投资银行
亚洲基础设施投资银行亚洲基础设施投资银行(AIIB)：亚洲新的金融机构介绍亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）是一个国际金融机构，于2014年成立，总部位于中国北京。
AIIB的目的是为亚洲及其他地区提供基础设施投资和发展项目的资金支持。
AIIB成立的背景是对亚洲地区日益增长的基础设施需求的响应，该需求在许多国家和地区都已成为一个迫切的问题。
成立背景亚洲是全球最大的大陆，也是全球经济增长的主要驱动力之一。
然而，亚洲国家在基础设施建设方面仍面临许多挑战。
由于亚洲国家的快速城市化和人口增长，大量的基础设施需求涌现出来，例如道路，桥梁，港口等。
然而，传统的国际金融机构并不能提供足够的资金支持来满足这些需求。
出于这个原因，中国带领一些亚洲国家决定成立一个新的金融机构来填补这一空白。
中国在全球舞台上的崛起使得它有能力发挥领导作用，在此背景下，中国提出了成立AIIB的想法。
一些亚洲和非亚洲国家在2014年加入AIIB，成为创始成员国，AIIB于2016年正式开展运作。
目标和使命AIIB的目标是促进亚洲及其他地区的经济发展和减少贫困。
AIIB通过提供资金和知识支持来支持基础设施投资和发展项目。
AIIB致力于可持续发展和环境友好型基础设施，同时也关注社会和经济开发的平衡。
AIIB作为一个新的金融机构，竭尽全力为成员国提供最优质的服务。
AIIB以透明、高效和负责任的方式处理其项目和资金，确保其资源得以充分利用。
AIIB还与其他国际金融机构和政府部门合作，以实现更大的影响力和经济效益。
项目投资AIIB是一个为成员国提供资金支持的机构。
它主要通过提供贷款、股权投资和基金等方式来实现目标。
AIIB的投资项目通常涵盖能源、交通、水务、电信等领域，并致力于推动可持续发展和低碳经济。
AIIB的资金来源包括成员国的认缴资本、国际市场融资以及其他国际金融机构的合作。
AIIB还与其他类似机构合作，以共同支持亚洲及其他地区的基础设施投资。
2017考研英语阅读材料：亚投行与中国经济共命运_毙考题
2017考研英语阅读材料：亚投行与中国经济共命运经济是每一个国家的根本，是国家的重要的根基，亚投行一直是近期的热议的话题，大家注意掌握一些关于这的英语词汇。
下面我们大家一起来看一下网的小编为大家整理的关于2017考研英语阅读材料：亚投行与中国经济共命运的一些资料，帮助大家更好的做好考研英语的复习备考工作。
AIIB s fate connects to Chinese economy亚投行与中国经济共命运The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) officially opened for business on Saturday. In the past two years or so, the bank has been a subject of heated discussion as a symbol of change in the world order. However, its significance hinges on a number of factors in future, rather than the founding itself.1月16日，亚洲基础设施投资银行(AIIB)正式开张营业。
在过去的两年左右的时间里，作为修正世界金融秩序的象征，亚投行一直是热议的话题。
然而，它的重要意义取决于未来的若干因素，而不是成立本身。
There are many advantages in terms of the bank s operation and management. Infrastructure construction in Asia, which the AIIB is centered on, is virgin territory that has huge potential to be tapped. There is ample scope for the bank to find its role.亚投行在运营和管理方面有诸多优势，还是一块处女地的亚洲各国基础设施建设是亚投行经营的重心，有巨大的潜力可挖掘。
亚投行成立的原因及影响分析
亚投行成立的原因及影响分析作者：张乐山来源：《中国经贸》2016年第21期【摘要】本文通过对亚投行的介绍，以及成立亚投行的原因探究及其可能带来的影响进行分析，认为亚投行的建立主要基于亚洲新兴国家的发展需求、话语权需求以及中国承担自己亚洲地位的必然选择。
亚投行的建立将对“一带一路”战略和人民币国际化带来正向促进作用，同时有助于亚洲经济一体化及亚洲高储蓄与高投资的桥梁的搭建。
【关键词】亚投行；“一带一路”；人民币国际化；亚洲经济一体化；高储蓄高投资桥梁一、亚投行介绍1.简介亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ，简称亚投行，AIIB）是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，成立宗旨在促进亚洲区域的建设互联互通化和经济一体化的进程，并且加强中国及其他亚洲国家和地区的合作。
总部设在北京。
2.亚投行运营现状截至2016年6月，亚投行董事会通过批准了该行首批4个项目总计5.09亿美元的贷款，涉及孟加拉国、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的能源、交通和城市发展等领域。
（1）位于孟加拉国境内的电力配送升级和扩容项目；（2）将与世行联合融资的、位于印度尼西亚的国家贫民窟升级项目；（3）与亚洲开发银行和英国贸易发展部联合融资的、位于巴基斯坦境内、连接旁遮普省的绍尔果德与哈内瓦尔的M-4高速公路项目；（4）欧洲复兴开发银行联合融资的，位于塔吉克斯坦境内，连接该国首都杜尚别与该国和乌兹别克斯坦边境的一条公路项目。
其中有3个项目与世界银行、亚洲开发银行、欧洲复兴开发银行进行联合融资。
亚投行董事会还成立了亚投行项目准备特别基金，用于支持欠发达成员国开展基础设施项目准备，中国成为了这一基金的首个捐赠国。
3.亚投行的创新（1）专注亚洲基建投资与开发亚投行的创新首先体现在定位上，至今为止，亚投行仍然是唯一一个专注于亚洲基础设施投资与开发的多边开发银行。
关于亚投行成立原因运行机制及作用分析
关于亚投行成立原因运行机制及作用分析理学部2012级地理科学专业程进摘要：亚投行经济秩序亚投行的全称是亚洲基础设施投资银行(英语：Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ，简称亚投行，英文缩写：AIIB)是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，总部设在北京。
亚投行法定资本1000亿美元。
一、创立背景及目的国际：1、众所周知，美国主导的世界银行、国际货币基金组织和世界贸易组织为世界经济定下了游戏规则，这个规则是为美国服务的，它决定了美国在世界经济秩序尤其是世界金融秩序当中的绝对话语权。
在这个框架之下，日本在美国的支持下成立了亚洲开发银行，在美国的肉锅里分得了一小碗汤。
近些年，欧盟的成立和欧元体系的确立使得美国在世界经济和世界金融领域的霸权有所动摇。
但多个国家的同床异梦和文化思想方面的相近相惜使得欧洲不可能也不愿意真正抗衡美国。
随着中国等新兴国家的发展及实力的增强，这些多边机构内部各国的地位并未发生相应的变化。
在这些没有获得应有代表权及话语权的国际组织中，包括中国在内的新兴国家有理由怀疑，他们能否从现行金融秩序中获得自身发展所需要的支持。
在全球经济一体化的形势下，中国想要获得长期、稳定、持续的增长，不可能独善其身，必须带领周边的新兴国家走出贫困，实现共同发展。
所以中国有必要倡导一个以新兴国家为决策主体的国际金融新秩序。
2、亚洲经济占全球经济总量的1/3，是当今世界最具经济活力和增长潜力的地区，拥有全球六成人口。
但因建设资金有限，一些国家铁路、公路、桥梁、港口、机场和通讯等基础建设严重不足，这在一定程度上限制了该区域的经济发展。
各国要想维持现有经济增长水平，内部基础设施投资至少需要8万亿美元，平均每年需投资8000亿美元。
8万亿美元中，68%用于新增基础设施的投资，32%是维护或维修现有基础设施所需资金。
现有的多边机构并不能提供如此巨额的资金，亚洲开发银行的总资金约为1600亿美元，世界银行也仅有2230亿美元，两家银行目前每年能够提供给亚洲国家的资金大概只有区区200亿美元，都没有办法满足这个资金的需求。
亚投行简介中英文
中国将举办亚洲基础设施投资银行（以下简称亚投行）的签字仪式。这一新成立的国际金融机构将成为世界银行和亚洲发展银行的竞争对手。 the bank's initial capital.
57个国家的代表 Germany, Australia and South Korea are among the founding members. 英国、德国、澳大利亚和韩国都是创办会员国。
美国对这一新机构的管理标准提出质疑，认为这是中国“软实力”的扩张。 The AIIB, which was created in October by 21 countries, led by China, will fund 去年10月，在中国的主导下，21个国家创立了亚投行。它将为亚洲的能源、交通和基础设施项目提供资金。
It is one of several institutions China has created to push its own economic agenda, largely driven by frustration over its lack of influence in the big global financial institutions such as the World Bank, says the BBC's Martin Patience in Beijing.
2551 亚洲基础设施投资银行的角色及其对亚洲经济的影响
亚洲基础设施投资银行的角色及其对亚洲经济的影响引言随着全球经济的不断发展和亚洲国家的经济崛起，基础设施建设愈发成为亚洲国家发展的重要产业。
而亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, AIIB）的成立，为亚洲基础设施建设带来了新的兴奋点。
笔者将探讨AIIB的角色和对亚洲经济的影响。
AIIB的背景和角色AIIB是一家成立于2015年的国际金融机构，总部设在北京，目的是提供基础设施融资支持和促进亚洲区域间的经济合作。
AIIB是由57个创始成员国组成，其中有来自亚洲、欧洲、南美洲和非洲等地的国家。
AIIB的成立获得了国际社会的积极响应和肯定，被视为是国际金融体系的重大补充。
AIIB的主要角色是提供贷款和融资支持，帮助亚洲国家推动基础设施建设。
这些基础设施包括公路、桥梁、港口、机场、水电站、太阳能和风电等。
AIIB还致力于促进跨境贸易和投资，优化亚洲区域的经济合作和一体化发展。
AIIB的优势和贡献相较于其他金融机构，AIIB有以下几个优势和贡献：第一，AIIB能够提供更便宜的融资支持。
AIIB利率相对较低，而且贷款期限相对较长，能够给亚洲国家带来更加优惠的融资条件。
第二，AIIB能够提供更加专业的项目管理和咨询服务。
AIIB的员工来自世界各地，拥有丰富的项目管理和金融经验，能够为项目提供专业的咨询建议和管控。
第三，AIIB注重环保和社会责任，能够在项目实施中推动可持续发展。
AIIB会优先考虑那些环保、社会和治理（ESG）方面表现优良的项目，以推动可持续发展。
AIIB的影响和局限AIIB的成立对于亚洲经济发展带来了多方面的积极影响。
首先，AIIB 推动了基础设施建设的加速，提高了亚洲区域内的互联互通水平，增强了区域间的经济联系。
其次，AIIB为亚洲国家提供了更多的融资渠道和融资选择，降低了融资成本，促进了区域内的金融一体化。
第三，AIIB为亚洲的经济发展提供了新的有力支持，为实现全球经济多极化和完善化作出了新的贡献。
浅谈“亚洲基础设施投资银行”现象
浅谈“亚洲基础设施投资银行”现象作者：郭硕来源：《青年时代》2016年第13期摘要：亚洲基础设施投资银行，简称亚投行（AIIB）。
随着英国、德国、韩国、澳大利亚等国家不顾美国的反对，纷纷加入到由中国主导的亚投行。
亚投行瞬间成了全球瞩目的焦点，并引发了“亚投行热”的现象。
“亚投行热”现象折射出来美国的焦虑与不安，并引起了许多不明真相国家的种种猜忌、怀疑，给中国制造了许多不和谐的声音。
针对此现象，本文将分别从亚投行的概况，“亚投行热”现象产生的原因，世界通过“亚投行热”对中国的冷思考等几个角度阐述亚投行的全面概况，并向全世界表明由中国主导的亚投行只是对现行金融秩序的补充，并不是替代。
世界应用发展的眼光看待中国采用和平的措施促进世界的繁荣与进步。
关键词：亚投行概况；“亚投行热”；冷思考一、亚投行的概况（1）亚投行成立的背景2008年爆发于美国的金融危机瞬间席卷全球。
它的出现被视为全球经济发展进程中的一个重要分水岭，对全球经济格局产生了重大而深远的影响。
全球经济格局因而发生了重大变化：一方面，以美欧日为代表的主要发达国家的经济表现出了明显的分化：自2014年四季度以来，随着美联储定量宽松政策退出，美元迅速走强并进一步振兴了美国的经济。
与其形成强烈的对比的是依然深陷主权债务危机泥潭的欧元区国家以及结构性改革乏力、增长前景黯淡的日本；另一方面，广大新兴市场国家则被历史性地推到了前台，并不得不应对更加复杂和棘手的众多问题和挑战：动态调整的全球经济格局和复杂多变的国际经济形势，在客观上要求中国这一全球第二大经济体的最大的新兴市场国家在新一轮对内改革和对外开放战略上有所突破和创新，特别是在实现自身发展的同时对全球经济的可持续发展有所贡献。
在上述背景下，2013年9月和10月，中国国家主席习近平在访问哈萨克斯坦和出席亚太经济合作组织（APEC）领导人非正式会议期间先后提出了建设“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（合称“一带一路”）的设想和倡议。
亚投行(AIIB)英文介绍
维基百科亚投行英文介绍The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a proposed international financial institution which is focused on supporting infrastructure construction in the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was proposed as an initiative by the government of China[5] andsupported by 37 regional and 20 non-regional members Prospective Founding Members,51 of which have signed the Articles of Agreement that form the legal basis for theproposed bank. The bank starts operation after the agreement enters into force, which requires 10 ratifications, holding a total number of 50% of the initial subscritions of the Authorized Capital Stock. Countries with a large GDP that did not become PFM are the US, Japan (which dominated the ADB) and Canada.AIIB is regarded by some as a rival for the IMF, the World Bank and the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB),[6] which are regarded as dominated by developed countries like the United States.[6] The United Nations has addressed the launch of AIIB as "scaling up financing for sustainable development"[7] for the concern of Global EconomicGovernance.[8]The bank was proposed by China in 2013[9] and the initiative launched at a ceremony in Beijing in October 2014.[10] The Articles of Agreement (AOA) were signed by 50 PFMs on29 June 2015, which become a party to the agreement through ratification. As of July2015, 1 state (Myanmar) has ratified the agreement, formally becoming a foundingmember.[1]Contents[hide]∙ 1 Historyo 1.1 AIIB within PRC policy thinking▪ 1.1.1 Fostering LT economic development▪ 1.1.2 Infrastructure as regional integration and foreign policy tool∙ 2 Legal basis and Membershipo 2.1 Founding Memberso 2.2 non Prospective Founding Members▪ 2.2.1 Dependent territories▪ 2.2.2 Other states∙ 3 Shareholding Structure∙ 4 Management structure∙ 5 Receptiono 5.1 Environmental record∙ 6 See also∙7 References∙8 External linksHistory[edit]The first news reports about the AIIB appeared in October 2013.[11] The Chinese government has been frustrated with what it regards as the slow pace of reforms and governance, and wants greater input in global established institutions like the IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank which it claims are dominated by American, European and Japanese interests.[6]In April 2014, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a keynote speech at the opening of the Boao Forum for Asia and said that China was ready to intensify consultations with relevant parties in and outside Asia on the preparations for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[12]The Asian Development Bank Institute published a report in 2010 which said that the region requires $8 trillion to be invested from 2010 to 2020 in infrastructure for the region to continue economic development.[6][13] In a 2014 editorial, The Guardian newspaper wrote that the new bank could allow Chinese capital to finance these projects and allow it a greater role to play in the economic development of the region commensurate with its growing economic and political clout.[14] But until March 2015, China in the ADB has only 5.47 percent voting right, while Japan and US have a combined 26 percent voting right (13 percent each) with a share in subscribed capital of 15.7 percent and 15.6 percent, respectively. Dominance by both countries and slow reforms underlie China's wish to establish the AIIB, while both countries worry about China's increasing influence.[15]In June 2014 China proposed doubling the registered capital of the bank from $50 billion to $100 billion and invited India to participate in the founding of the bank.[16][17] On 24 October 2014, twenty-one countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) regarding the AIIB in Beijing, China: Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan andVietnam.[18] Indonesia's joining was slightly delayed due to their new presidential administration not being able to review the membership in time.[19] Indonesia signed the MOU on 25 November 2014.The U.S. allegedly tried to keep Australia and South Korea from becoming prospective founding members, after they expressed an interest in it.[20] However, both Australia and South Korea applied to join the bank in March 2015.[21][22][23]Hong Kong's Financial Secretary John Tsang announced in his budget speech in February 2015 that the territory would join the AIIB.[24] It did however not become one of the prospective founding members and negotiated as part of the Chinese delegation.In early March 2015, the United Kingdom's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced that the UK had decided to apply to join the Bank, becoming the first major Western country to do so. The announcement was criticised by the U.S. ObamaAdministration. A US government official told Financial Times, "We are wary about a trend toward constant accommodation of China, which is not the best way to engage a rising power." The official further stated that the British decision was taken after "no consultation with the US."[25] In response, the UK indicated that the subject had been discussed between Chancellor Osborne and US Treasury Secretary Jack Lew for several months preceding the decision. It was further stated that joining the bank as a founding member would allow the UK to influence the development of the institution. By encouraging Chinese investments in the next generations of nuclear power plants, Osborne announced that "the City of London would become the base for the first clearing house for the yuan outside Asia."[26]Following the criticism, the White House National Security Council, in a statement to The Guardian, declared, "Our position on the AIIB remains clear and consistent. The United States and many major global economies all agree there is a pressing need to enhance infrastructure investment around the world. We believe any new multilateral institution should incorporate the high standards of the World Bank and the regional development banks. Based on many discussions, we have concerns about whether the AIIB will meet these high standards, particularly related to governance, and environmental and social safeguards … The international community has a stake in seeing the AIIB complement the existing architecture, and to work effectively alongside the World Bank and Asian Development Bank."[27]Three other European states: Germany, France and Italy – followed the UK's decision to join the AIIB in March. German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble stated, "We want to contribute our long-standing experience with international financial institutions to the creation of the new bank by setting high standards and helping the bank to get a high international reputation."[28] In March 2015, the South Korean Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced that it, too, is planning to join the AIIB, citing its potential in benefiting South Korean companies win deals in infrastructural projects as well expanding South Korea's influence in international banking as a founding member.[29] States could indicate their interest in becoming a Prospective Founding Member until 31 March 2015.Negotiations took place in the framework of 5 Chief Negotiators Meetings (CNMs) which took place between November 2014 and May 2015. The Articles of Agreement, the legal framework of the proposed bank, were concluded in the fifth CNM. It was signed on 29 June 2015 by 50 of the named 57 prospective founding members in Beijing.AIIB within PRC policy thinking[edit]Fostering LT economic development[edit]The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank can be construed as a natural inter-national extension of the infrastructure-driven economic development framework that has sustained the rapid economic growth of China since the adoption of the Chinese economic reform under chairman Deng Xiaoping. It stems from the notion that long-termeconomic growth can only be achieved through massive, systematic, and broad-based investments in infrastructure assets – in contrast with the more short-term "export-driven" and "domestic consumption" development models favored by mainstream Neoclassical economists and pursued inconsiderately by many developing countries in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century with generally disappointing results.[30][31]Infrastructure as regional integration and foreign policy tool[edit]In his 29 March 2015 speech at the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) annual conference, President Xi Jinping insisted that "the Chinese economy is deeply integrated with the global economy and forms an important driving force of the economy of Asia and even the world at large. […] China's investment opportunities are expanding. Investment opportunities in infrastructure connectivity as well as in new technologies, new products, new business patterns, and new business models are constantly springing up. […] China's foreign cooperation opportunities are expanding. We support the multilateral trading system, devote ourselves to the Doha Round negotiations, advocate theAsia-Pacific free trade zone, promote negotiations on regional comprehensive economic partnership, advocate the construction of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), boost economic and financial cooperation in an all-round manner, and work as an active promoter of economic globalization and regional integration", insisting that the Silk Road Fund and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank would foster "economic connectivity and a new-type of industrialization [in the Asia Pacific area], and [thus] promote the common development of all countries as well as the peoples' joint enjoyment of development fruits".[32]Legal basis and Membership[edit]ArticlesArticles of Agreement of the Asian InfrastructureInvestment BankPotential signatoriesSignatories (regional)Parties (non-regional)Signatories (non-regional)Signed 29 June 2015Location Beijing, ChinaEffective not in forceCondition Ratification by 10 states, comprising 50% of initialsubscriptions of capital stockSignatories 51Parties 1[1]Depositary Government of the People’s Republic of ChinaLanguages Chinese, English (used in disputes) and FrenchThe Articles of Agreement will form the legal basis for the Bank. 57 Prospective Founding Members (PFM) named in annex A of the agreement are eligible to sign and ratify the Articles, thus becoming a member of the Bank. Other states, which are parties tothe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank may become members after approval of their accession by the bank.[33]The Articles were negotiated by the Prospective Founding Members, with Hong Kong joining the negotiations via China.[34][35]Founding Members[edit]The 57 Prospective Founding Members can become Founding Members through:∙Signing the Articles of Agreement in 2015∙Ratifying the Articles of Agreement in 2015 or 2016As of August 2015, 51 states have signed the Articles, one of which has ratified them. Seven countries that signed the founding charter did not sign the Article of Agreement on 29 June.[36][37] The formal actions towards becoming a Founding Member are shown below, as well as the percentage of the votes and of the shares, in the event all prospective founding states become parties, and no other members are accepted.Country (Region) ProspectiveFoundingMemberstatusSignature(Articles)[1]Ratification(Articles)[1]Shares% ofshares%ofvoteCountry (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eAustralia3 April 2015[38]29 June 201536,912 3.76 3.46Austria11 April 2015[39]29 June 20155,008 0.51 0.70Azerbaijan15 April 2015[40]29 June 20152,541 0.26 0.48Banglades h*24 October 201429 June 20156,605 0.67 0.83Brazil12 April 2015[41]29 June 201531,810 3.24 3.02Brunei*24 October 201429 June 2015524 0.05 0.31Cambodia *24 October 201429 June 2015623 0.06 0.32China* (founder)24 October 201429 June 2015297,804 30.34 26.06Denmark12 April 2015[41]3,695 0.38 0.58Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eEgypt14 April 2015[42]29 June 20156,505 0.66 0.83Finland12 April 2015[41]29 June 20153,103 0.32 0.53France2 April 2015[43]29 June 201533,756 3.44 3.19Georgia12 April 2015[41]29 June 2015539 0.05 0.31Germany1 April 2015[44]29 June 201544,842 4.57 4.15Iceland15 April 2015[40]29 June 2015176 0.02 0.28India*24 October 201429 June 201583,673 8.52 7.51Indonesia*25 November 2014[19]29 June 201533,607 3.42 3.17Iran 7 April 2015[45]29 June 201515,808 1.61 1.63Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eIsrael15 April 2015[40]29 June 20157,499 0.76 0.91Italy2 April 2015[43]29 June 201525,718 2.62 2.49Jordan7 February 201529 June 20151,192 0.12 0.37Kazakhsta n*24 October 201429 June 20157,293 0.74 0.89South Korea11 April 2015[39]29 June 201537,388 3.81 3.50Kuwait24 October 20145,360 0.55 0.73Kyrgyzsta n9 April 2015[46]29 June 2015268 0.03 0.29Laos*24 October 201429 June 2015430 0.04 0.30Luxembou rg27 March 2015[47]29 June 2015697 0.07 0.32Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eMalaysia24 October 201421 August 2015[48]1,095 0.11 0.36Maldives31 December 2014[19]29 June 201572 0.01 0.27Malta9 April 2015[46]29 June 2015136 0.01 0.27Mongolia*24 October 201429 June 2015411 0.04 0.30Myanmar*24 October 201429 June 20151 July 2015 2645 0.27 0.49Nepal*24 October 201429 June 2015809 0.08 0.33Netherland s12 April 2015[41]29 June 201510,313 1.05 1.16New Zealand5 January 2015[49]29 June 20154,615 0.47 0.66Norway14 April 2015[42]29 June 20155,506 0.56 0.74Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eOman*24 October 201429 June 20152,592 0.26 0.49Pakistan*24 October 201429 June 201510,341 1.05 1.16Philippines24 October 20149,791 1.00 1.11Poland 15 April 2015[40]8,318 0.85 0.98Portugal 15 April 2015[40]29 June 2015650 0.07 0.32Qatar* 24 October 201429 June 20156,044 0.62 0.79Russia 14 April 2015[50]29 June 201565,362 6.66 5.93Saudi Arabia13 January 2015[51]29 June 201525,446 2.59 2.47Singapore *24 October 2014[52]29 June 20152,500 0.25 0.48Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eSouth Africa15 April 2015[40]5,905 0.60 0.77Spain 11 April 2015[39]29 June 201517,615 1.79 1.79Sri Lanka* 24 October 201429 June 20152,690 0.27 0.50Sweden 15 April 2015[40]29 June 20156,300 0.64 0.81Switzerlan d28 March 2015[53]29 June 20157,064 0.72 0.87Tajikistan13 January 2015[51]29 June 2015309 0.03 0.29Thailand24 October 2014[52]14,275 1.45 1.50Turkey 10 April 2015[54]29 June 201526,099 2.66 2.52United Arab Emirates5 April 2015[55]29 June 201511,857 1.21 1.29Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eUnited Kingdom28 March 2015[53]29 June 201530,547 3.11 2.91Uzbekista n*24 October 201429 June 20152,198 0.22 0.45Vietnam*24 October 201429 June 20156,633 0.68 0.84Unallocated Shares18,486 – –Grand Total5737 Regional 20non-Regional51 95.17% of shares1 0.27% of shares1,000,000100.00100.00Note: Regional members in blueMember, and the number of shares determines the fraction of autorized capital in the bank.[33][69][70][71]Three categories of votes exist: basic votes, share votes and Founding Member votes. The basic votes are equal for all members and constitute 18% of the total votes, while the share votes are equal to the number of shares. Each Founding Member furthermore gets 600 votes. An overview of the shares, assuming when all 57 Prospective Founding Members have become Founding Members is shown below (values in bold do not depend on the number of members):Vote Type% of Total VotesTotal VotesVote per MemberChina (LargestMaldives (SmallestPFM) PFM)Basic votes 12 138,510 2,430 2,430 2,430 Share votes 85 981,514 Varies 297,804 72FoundingMember votes3 34,200 600 600 600Total 1001,154,224 varies 300,834(26.1%)3,102 (0.3%)Shares and Voting %, in the event all PFM are party, and no new members are accepted, are shown in the table with parties above.Environmental record[edit]As the proposed bank has no management or approved loans, it has no environmental record. Several organizations have however expressed their concerns over environmental policy of the proposed bank because of the high stake of China in the bank's business. Although the proposed bank declared "AIIB will learn from the best practice in the world and adopt international standards of environmental protection", Yuge Ma has argued that this may be complicated in developing Asian countries.[73]∙Boao Forum for Asia∙New Development Bank (BRICS)/NDB BRICS∙Asian Development Bank (ADB)∙World Bank∙International Monetary Fund (IMF)。
AIIBBriefintroduction亚投行简介
The AsianInfras truct ure Invest mentBank (AIIB) is a propos ed intern ation al financ ial instit ution whichis focuse d on suppor tinginfras truct ure constr uctio n in the Asia-Pacifi c region. The bank was propos ed as an initia tiveby the govern mentof Chinaand suppor ted by 37 region al and 20 non-region al member s Prospe ctive Foundi ng Member s, 51 of whichhave signed the Articl es of Agreem ent that form the legalbasisfor the propos ed bank. The bank starts operat ion afterthe agreem ent enters into force, whichrequir es 10 ratifi catio ns, holdin g a totalnumber of 50% of the initia l subscr ition s of the Autori zed Capita l Stock. Countr ies with a largeGDP that did not become PFM are the US, Japan(whichdomina ted the ADB) and Canada.AIIB is regard ed by some as a rivalfor the IMF, the WorldBank and the AsianDevelo pment Bank (ADB),whichare regard ed as domina ted by develo ped countr ies like the United States. The United Nation s has addres sed the launch of AIIB as "scalin g up financ ing for sustai nable develo pment"for the concer n of GlobalEconom ic Govern ance.The bank was propos ed by Chinain 2013 and the initia tivelaunch ed at a ceremo ny in Beijin g in Octobe r 2014. The Articl es of Agreem ent (AOA) were signed by 50 PFMs on 29 June 2015, whichbecome a partyto the agreem ent throug h ratifi catio n. As of July 2015, 1 state(Myanma r) has ratifi ed the agreem ent.Founding MembersThe 57 Prospe ctive Foundi ng Member s can become Foundi ng Member s throug h:∙Signin g the Articl es of Agreem ent in 2015∙Ratify ing the Articl es of Agreem ent in 2015 or 2016As of July 2015, 50 states have signed the Articl es, one of whichhas ratifi ed them. Sevencountr ies that signed the foundi ng charte r did not sign the Articl e of Agreem ent on 29 June.The formal action s toward s becomi ng a Foundi ng Member are shownbelow, as well as the percen tageof the votesand of the shares, in the eventallprospe ctive foundi ng states become partie s, and no othermember s are accept ed.AIIB within PRC policy thinkingFoster ing LT econom ic develo pmentThe AsianInfras truct ure Invest mentBank can be constr ued as a natura l inter-nation al extens ion of the infras truct ure-driven econom ic develo pment framew ork that has sustai ned the rapideconom ic growth of Chinasincethe adopti on of the Chines e econom ic reform underchairm an Deng Xiaopi ng. It stemsfrom the notion thatlong-term econom ic growth can only be achiev ed throug h massiv e, system atic, and broad-basedinvest ments in infras truct ure assets in contra st with the more short-term "export-driven" and "domest ic consum ption" develo pment models favore d bymainst reamNeocla ssica l econom istsand pursue d incons idera telyby many develo pingcountr ies in the 1990sand the firstdecade of the 21st centur y with genera llydisapp ointi ng result s.Infras truct ure as region al integr ation and foreig n policy toolIn his 29 March2015 speech at the Boao Forumfor Asia (BFA) annual confer ence, Presid ent Xi Jinpin g insist ed that "the Chines e econom y is deeply integr atedwith the global econom y and formsan import ant drivin g forceof the econom y of Asia and even the worldat large. China's invest mentopport uniti es are expand ing. Invest mentopport uniti es in infras truct ure connec tivit y as well as in new techno logie s, new produc ts, new busine ss patter ns, and new busine ss models are consta ntlyspring ing up. China's foreig n cooper ation opport uniti es are expand ing. We suppor t themultil atera l tradin g system, devote oursel ves to the Doha Roundnegoti ation s,advoca te the Asia-Pacifi c free tradezone, promot e negoti ation s on region alcompre hensi ve econom ic partne rship, advoca te the constr uctio n of the AsianInfras truct ure Invest mentBank (AIIB), boosteconom ic and financ ial cooper ation in an all-roundmanner, and work as an active promot er of econom ic global izati on and region al integr ation", insist ing that the Silk Road Fund and the AsianInfras truct ure Invest mentBank wouldfoster "econom ic connec tivit y and a new-type ofindust riali zatio n [in the Asia Pacifi c area], and [thus] promot e the commondevelo pment of all countr ies as well as the people s' jointenjoym ent of develo pment fruits".。
亚洲基础设施投资银行与新型发展银行
亚洲基础设施投资银行与新型发展银行亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）和新开发银行（NDB）是近年来兴起的两个重要国际金融机构。
它们的成立标志着全球发展金融格局的变革，为发展中国家提供了新的融资渠道和合作机会。
本文将从它们的起源背景、组织结构、融资模式和合作范围等方面进行探讨。
首先，让我们来了解一下这两个金融机构的起源背景。
亚洲基础设施投资银行由中国倡议发起，于2015年成立。
AIIB旨在填补亚洲基础设施融资缺口，促进区域内的经济发展。
新开发银行则是由金砖五国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非）共同发起成立的，于2014年正式运营。
NDB旨在加强金砖国家之间的合作，推动可持续发展和基础设施建设。
其次，我们来看一下这两个机构的组织结构。
亚洲基础设施投资银行拥有成员国80多个，总部设在中国的北京。
AIIB设有理事会和董事会，其中理事会是最高决策机构。
新开发银行则有五个创始成员国，总部设在中国上海。
NDB设有独立的理事会和董事会，决策权由创始成员国分享。
接下来，我们来看一下这两个机构的融资模式。
亚洲基础设施投资银行的融资主要来自成员国的缴款和资本拨款。
AIIB还可以通过市场筹资和发行债券等方式融资。
新开发银行则主要通过成员国的缴款和股本注资来获取资金。
NDB在融资方面也可以通过发行债券等方式进行资金筹措。
最后，我们来看一下这两个机构的合作范围。
亚洲基础设施投资银行的合作领域包括基础设施建设、可持续能源、交通运输、农业和农村发展等。
AIIB与其他国际金融机构合作，共同推动亚洲地区的发展。
新开发银行的合作范围也包括基础设施建设、可持续发展、环保项目等。
NDB与其他金砖国家的机构合作，共同推进金砖国家的发展。
总的来说，亚洲基础设施投资银行和新开发银行都是为发展中国家提供融资支持和合作机会的重要国际金融机构。
它们的成立不仅为亚洲地区的基础设施建设提供了新的融资来源，也为金砖国家之间的合作提供了新平台。
随着这两个机构的不断发展壮大，相信它们将继续发挥重要作用，促进全球经济的繁荣和可持续发展。
亚洲基础设施投资银行(AIIB)：筹建背景、性质定位、面临挑战及对策
亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）：筹建背景、性质定位、面临挑战及对策作者：高鹏来源：《中国市场》2015年第31期摘要：AIIB作为真正由发展中国家发起、主导的政府间多边金融机构，其成功筹建、发展壮大对亚洲基础设施互联互通、“一带一路”建设及国际金融体系改革创新具有重要意义。
梳理阐释AIIB的筹建背景与历程、机构性质、宗旨定位、设立意义，认为AIIB面临的挑战是：如何确定交易结算货币、能否获得较高信用评级、国际金融主导国的压力、经济不平衡及政治角力。
对策建议是：坚持高效率、高水平、开放性地推动筹建工作；坚持主要服务于亚洲发展中国家基建改善，战略性扶持“一带一路”落后国家及地区；调动社会资本投入基础设施建设，促进资金来源多元化；借鉴吸收其他多边开发银行运营及发展经验，促进合作互补；探索构建中国主导下多边金融机构间的联动机制；健全区域金融市场；加强体制机制创新。
关键词：亚洲基础设施投资银行；交易结算货币；国际金融主导国压力；社会资本投入基础设施建设；多边金融机构间的联动机制DOI：10.13939/ki.zgsc.2015.31.0302013年，习近平总书记首次在国际场合提出了创建亚洲基础设施投资银行（下称AIIB）的倡议，随后获得众多亚洲区域内发展中国家乃至部分西方发达国家的积极响应。
目前，57个意向创始成员国遍布五大洲，涵盖了联合国安理会5个常任理事国中的4个、西方七国集团（G7）中的4个、20国集团（G20）中的14个、欧盟28个国家中的14个、经济合作与发展组织（OECD）34个成员国中的21个、金砖5国及东盟10国全部。
作为真正由发展中国家发起、主导的政府间多边银行，AIIB的成功筹建、发展壮大对亚洲基础设施互联互通、“一带一路”建设及国际金融体系改革创新具有重要意义。
一、AIIB的筹建背景近年来，亚洲经济总体发展较快，区域财经合作不断深入，但在发展中也面临着不少挑战，特别是区域内“一带一路”沿途新兴市场和发展中国家的基础设施亟待完善，基建融资缺口巨大，目前以世界银行（下称WB）—亚洲开发银行（下称ADB）为主的多边融资供给体系远远满足不了这一需求，需要新的多边金融机构给予补充。
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托福阅读素材：亚投行AIIB是如何产生的To the alphabet soup of international development banks (ADB, AfDB, CAF, EBRD, IADB), add one more set of initials: AIIB, or for the uninitiated, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. On October 24th, representatives from 21 Asian nations signed an agreement to establish the AIIB, which, as its name suggests, will lend money to build roads, mobile phone towers and other forms of infrastructure in poorer parts of Asia. China spearheaded the bank and hopes to formally launch it by the end of next year.国际发展银行的字母组合中又多了一种：AIIB，对不熟悉这个行业的人来说，它的全称是亚洲基础设施投资银行。
2014年10月24日，21个亚洲国家的代表签署协议创办亚投行。
正如它的名称所述，亚投行将为亚洲不发达国家和地区的道路、移动电话信号发射塔等基础设施建设提供贷款。
作为亚投行的领导者，中国希望它能在明年年底前正式投入运营。
More money for critical projects might seem unambiguously good, but the AIIB has stoked controversy because Asia already has a multilateral lender, the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Why is China creating a new development bank for Asia?重要项目获得更多的资金看起来无疑是件好事，但亚投行引发的争议在于，亚洲已经存在一个多边贷款机构亚洲发展银行(简称ADB)了，为什么中国要为亚洲再创建一个新的发展银行?China’s official answer is that Asia has a massive infrastructure funding gap. The ADB has pegged the hole at some $8 trillion between 2010 and 2020. Existing institutions cannot hope to fill it: the ADB has a capital base (money both paid-in and pledged by member nations) of just over $160 billion and the World Bank has $223 billion. The AIIB will start with $50 billion in capital — hardly enough for what is needed but still a helpful boost.中国的官方回答是亚洲存在巨大的基础设施资金缺口。
亚洲发展银行认为，2010年至2020年间亚洲有8万亿美元左右的融资需求。
现有机构均无法满足这一需求：亚洲发展银行的资本金额为1600亿美元，世界银行为2230亿美元。
初始资本500亿美元的亚投行虽然仍不足以满足需求，却至少颇有助益。
Moreover, while ADB and World Bank loans support everything from environmental protection to gender equality, the AIIB will concentrate its firepower on infrastructure. Officially at least, ADB and World Bank officials have extended a cautious welcome to the new China-led bank, saying they see room for collaboration.更重要的是，亚洲发展银行和世界银行的贷款用来支持包括从环境保护到男女平等之类的各种项目，而亚投行则专注于基础设施建设。
至少在官方场合，亚洲发展银行和世界银行都对中国领导的亚投行表示了谨慎的欢迎，认为彼此有合作空间。
Behind the scenes, though, the Chinese initiative has set off a heated diplomatic battle. America has lobbied allies not to join the AIIB, while Jin Liqun, the Chinese official who will head the bank, has shuttled between countries to persuade them to sign up. At the bank’s inauguration ceremony, Australia, Indonesia and South Korea were conspicuously absent.尽管如此，中国已经在幕后开展了一场激烈的外交战役。
美国游说盟友们不要加入亚投行，而预定的亚投行行长，中国官员金立群，则往返各国劝说它们加入。
在亚投行的开幕式上，澳大利亚、印尼和韩国的缺席十分显眼。
In public, the concern cited by America and some of the hold-outs has been a lack of clarity about AIIB’s governance. Critics warn that the China-led bank may fail to live up to the environmental, labour and procurement standards that are essential to the mission of development lenders. However, China has insisted that AIIB will be rigorous in adopting the best practices of institutions such as the World Bank. Given that the bank will be placed under such a close microscope, there is good reason to believe China on this.在公开场合，美国和一些拒绝加入的国家对亚投行不透明的监管表示质疑。
批评认为，亚投行可能无法达到发展银行自身使命必需的环境、劳工和采购标准。
但中国坚持亚投行将严格遵守世界银行等机构的优秀惯例。
既然亚投行会被放在显微镜下仔细审查，中国方面的说法还是比较可信的。
But the real, unstated tension stems from a deeper shift: China will use the new bank to expand its influence at the expense of America and Japan, Asia's established powers. China’s decision to fund a new multilateral bank rather than give more to existing ones reflects its exasperation with the glacial pace of global economic governance reform. The same motivation lies behind the New Development Bank established by the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Although China is the biggest economy in Asia, the ADB is dominated by Japan; Japan’s voting share is more than twice China’s and the bank’s president has always been Japanese. Reforms t o give China a little more say at the International Monetary Fund have been delayed for years, and even if they go through America will still retain far more power. China is, understandably, impatient for change. It is therefore taking matters into its own hands.事实上，这种难以宣之于口的紧张是由于更深层次的变化所导致的：中国将利用这个新银行扩大其影响力;而亚洲的现有势力，美国和日本，则会此消彼长。
中国决定投资一家新的多边银行，而不是向现有的亚洲发展银行投入更多资金。
这表明它对改变世界经济统治的缓慢速度感到不满。
金砖五国成立的新发展银行背后同样隐藏着这一动机。
虽然中国是亚洲最大的经济体，但日本才是亚洲发展银行的主导者。
它的投票权超过中国的2倍，亚洲发展银行行长一直以来都是日本人。
在国际货币基金组织，能使中国获得稍多话语权的改革已被搁置多年。
就算改革通过，美国仍然拥有多得多的权利。
因此，中国对于改变缺乏耐心也就不难理解。
它想要自己掌控事情进展。