中南大学2014年考博英语真题
【2014秋季版】中南大学《英语(中) 》课程在线考试题库及参考答案
中南大学《英语（中）》课程在线考试题库及参考答案一. 单选题（共30题,共30分）1. After a year of hard work, he (?) in English listening. （1分）A.failedB.made achievementsC.enjoyedD.made progress★标准答案：D2. He encouraged us not to be afraid of (?) mistakes to others even to the teachers. （1分）A.pointing atB.picking upC.pointing outD.pointing to★标准答案：C3. The little boy (?) a book from the floor and put it on the platform of the classroom. （1分）A.picked onB.picked upC.picked outD.picked over★标准答案：B4. Everyone (?) about his survival（存活）from a terminal cancer（癌症晚期）. （1分）A.supportsB.doubtsC.surprisesD.satisfies★标准答案：B5. If he accepts the job, he (?) more money right away. （1分）A.getsB.has getC.will getD.got★标准答案：C6. Whether the school sports meeting will be held tomorrow or not (?) the weather. （1分）A.counts onB.reflects onC.depends onD.decides on★标准答案：C7. Be careful! The base of that lamp is not so (?). （1分）A.tightB.steadyC.constantD.regular★标准答案：B8. By the time you get to New York, I (?) for London. （1分）A.am leavingB.shall have leftC.have already leftD.would be leaving★标准答案：B9. The smooth surface of the lake (?) the bright full moon. （1分）A.showedB.reflectedC.sawD.suggested★标准答案：B10. It is the most intersting book I (?). （1分）A.is readingB.have readC.readD.readed★标准答案：B11. University is not as good as (?). （1分）A.expectedB.expectingC.being expectedD.having expected★标准答案：A12. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He (?) in a radio factory at that time. （1分）A.workedB.has workedC.worksD.was working★标准答案：D13. Surfing the internet for information helps us a lot with our life, but playing too much PC games is (?). （1分）A.pricelessB.worthyC.worthlessD.costly★标准答案：C14. “I am very happy to (?) you.” The girl said to her new friends. （1分）A.joinB. join inC.join toD.join up★标准答案：A15. This is the first (?) store built in this city. （1分）A.apartmentsB.apartmentC.departmentpartment★标准答案：C16. I know Mr. Brown; we (?) to each other at an international conference. （1分）A.are introducedB.are been introducedC.were introducedD.had been introduced★标准答案：C17. Don’t expect this medicine to work (?). （1分）A.miraclesB.wondersC.marvelsD.phenomenon★标准答案：A18. His car (?) a week ago. （1分）A.stealsB.was stolenC.stoleD.is stolen★标准答案：B19. He moved the whole family to a warmer state (?) his wife’s health. （1分）A.regardless ofB.in spite ofC.to goodD.for the sake of★标准答案：D20. The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then he (?) a cold. （1分）A.has caughtB.is catchingC.will catchD.does catch★标准答案：D21. He couldn’t help being touched by her (?) purity. （1分）A.childishB. youngC.childhoodD.childlike★标准答案：D22. We were all (?) by his humorous stories. （1分）ughedB.entertainedC.movedD.interested★标准答案：B23. The grandfather assembled all the members of the family for the (?) picnic. （1分）A.averageB.actualC.annualD.alike★标准答案：C24. I can’t have seen him (?) 1987. （1分）A.not untilB.sinceC.fromD.before★标准答案：B25. Since the founding of the new China, the Chinese government has done a lot to improve the (?) situation. （1分）A.achievementB.human rightsC.armsD.peace★标准答案：B26. Pick me up at eight o'clock, I (?) my bath by then. （1分）A.will have hadB.will be havingC.can have hadD. may have★标准答案：A27. He is (?) a property of one or other of his daughters. （1分）A.believedB.thoughtC.consideredD.looked at★标准答案：C28. By the end of the year all but two people (?). （1分）A.have leftB.will leaveC.will be leavingD.will have left★标准答案：D29. (?) you leave the house at the same time as your brother does? （1分）A.AreB.DoC.HaveD.Had★标准答案：B30. She was not (?) with her first name Debby, so she changed it for another name —Lily. （1分）fortableB.satisfyingC.easyD.relaxed★标准答案：A二. 组合题（共45题,共70分）1. When children learn a language, they learn the grammar as well as the words or vocabulary. No one teaches them; children just “pick them up”.Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being acquired, and others will disappear. This is called the “babbling（牙牙学语）stage”. A child does not learn the language “all at once”. The child first utterances（言语）are one-word sentences. After a few months，the two-word stage arises. During this stage, the child puts two words together. These two-word sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships. Still later, in the telegraphic stage, the child will produce longer sentences. These longer sentences are mainly made up of content words. The child s early grammar lacks many of the rules of the adult grammar, but eventually it will become mature.All normal children everywhere learn language. This ability is not dependent on race（种族）, social class, geography, or even intelligence. This ability is uniquely human.（10分） (1) This passage is mainly about _________. （2分）A.the difference between a child s language and an adult sB. ways of teaching babies to talkC.children‟s learning of the mother languageD.the importance of learning foreign languages★标准答案：C(2) The phrase “pick them up”（Line 2，Paragraph1）means “_________ ”. （2分）A. raise them from the groundB.learn them without much efforte hands to help carry themD.study very hard and remember them★标准答案：B(3) During the “babbling stage”, babies _________. （2分）A.can only produce soundsB.learn to walk steadilyC.can unders tand people‟s talkD.begin to produce two-word sentences★标准答案：A(4) The two-word sentences produced by babies _________. （2分）A.are simpler than those produced in the “babbling stage”B.are more difficult than those produced in the telegraphic stageC.are strictly grammaticalD.are meaningful and have function★标准答案：D(5) Any child can learn language as long as he is _________. （2分）A. well-educatedB.clever enoughC.uniqueD.physically normal★标准答案：D2. In the United States, it is important to be on time, or punctual, for an appointment,a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered this difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian (巴西的) university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12.On the first day, when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10 A.M.S several arrived after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized for their lateness. Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students‟ behavior.The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation: at a lunch with a friend and in a university calls, respectively. He gave them an example and asked them how they would react. Ifthey had a lunch appointment with a friend, the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes.In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour. In contrast, in Brazil, neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour. Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States, but also end at the scheduled time. In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00; many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions. While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil, neither is staying late. （10分） (1) The word “punctual” most probably means _ __. （2分）A.leaving soon after classing earlyC.arriving a few minutes lateD. being on time★标准答案：D(2) Why did the professor study the Brazilian students’ behavior? （2分）A.He felt puzzled at the students' being late.B.He felt angry at the students' rudeness.C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.★标准答案：A(3) It can be inferred from the professor’s study of lateness in the informal situation that __ __. （2分）A.American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes lateB.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatheringsC.being late in one culture may not be considered so in another cultureD.Brazilian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time★标准答案：C(4) From the last paragraph we know that in Brazil __ __. （2分）A.it is important to arrive at the appointed timeB.it is rude to keep the professor staying after callsC.it is normal for students to leave during lecturesD.it is acceptable for professors to be late for class.★标准答案：D(5) What is the main idea of this passage? （2分）A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States.B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.C.People learn the importance of time from the culture they are in.D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.★标准答案：B3. Massachusetts. As New England winter is extremely 3(?), he could not find any game 4(?) for his students. One day, an idea 5(?) him. Why not have the students pass and shoot a big orange ball through a basket indoors? Gradually the play spread throughout the United States, and later to the rest of the 6(?). At first, a soccer ball was used in the game; 7(?) ball used today came a little later.Basketball was first included in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, and in 1949 the National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed. Thereafter, the game gradually became popular. Today, it is regularly rated as the favorite 8(?) of Americans. it is played everywhere from playgrounds to driveways by ordinary people. At the 9(?) level, players such as Michael Jordan and Shaquille O’Neal 10(?) wide popularity. （10分） (1) 1 （1分）A.inventedB.discoveredC.foundD.made★标准答案：A(2) 2 （1分）A.atB.inC.byD.to★标准答案：B(3) 3 （1分）A.warmB.hotC.coolD.cold★标准答案：D(4) 4 （1分）A.reliableB.countableC.suitableD.reasonable★标准答案：C(5) 5 （1分）A.made outB.occurred toC.came upD.thought of★标准答案：B(6) 6 （1分）A.townB.stateC.worldD.country★标准答案：C(7) 7 （1分）A.aB.anC.theD./★标准答案：C(8) 8 （1分）A.eventB.sportC.itemD.exercise★标准答案：B(9) 9 （1分）A.specialB.traditionalC.seasonalD.professional★标准答案：D(10) 10 （1分）A.gainedB.will gainC.have gainedD.had gained★标准答案：C4. Mother‟s Day is certainly a very special day for the community. The SOS mothers are regarded as great examples of maternal care. They are admired and respected for their committed work and patience in the care of so many children, normally six to ten kids in a family.For the kids of the village, the celebration has turned out to be twice as important. For them, it is not a common mother‟s day. Many have lost their biological mot hers, others have no contact with them, and a few cannot live with them because their mothers and family are in trouble. In this context, the SOS mother is everything to them, and, of course, she receives all their attention and love during this celebration. At school, the kids prepare special cards for their mothers. Most of the time, they make them with their own hands, while other children, the more imaginative, add on a little flower, often taken from the garden of a neighbor. At the end of the day, though, no child forgets to give a present to his mother. They all love them and feel proud of having someone like her when Moth er‟s Day arrives. At school, they shout out “Mummy” in front of their school mates, kind of trying to underline that they also have a mother.Right on Mother‟s Day, which is commemorated the second week of May in Ecuador, I came across Zoila, an experienced SOS mother. And as I took the chance to ask her what it feels like to be an SOS mother, she answered, “I am proud of being a mother, and I feel happy to have the chance to care for innocent, ingenious and mischievous creatures—my sons and daughters. They are so young that they give me their love with total sincerity. They don‟t seem to expect anything from me but just an …I care for you and I love you‟. I don‟t have children myself, but these kids really make me feel like a mother—more human, fuller of life. This work is hard, but the recompense of my children is absolutely great.”So, Happy Mother’s Day to every woman in the world! （10分） (1) According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about SOS mothers? （2分）A.They are dedicated and patient to their children.B.They are admired for their maternal care for their children.C.They normally have six to ten biological kids in a family.D.Mother‟s Day is very special for them.★标准答案：C(2) Why is SOS mother important to these SOS children? （2分）A. Because SOSmother takes care of them while their biological mothers can not.B.Because their biological mothers abandoned them.C.Because they hate their real family.D.Because they love to celebrate Mother’s Day.★标准答案：A(3) How do the children usually celebrate Mother’s Day? （2分）A.By holding aparty for their mothers in the garden of a neighbor.B. By sending a little flower to their mothers.C.By telling others that they have a mother.D.By preparing special cards for their mothers.★标准答案：D(4) Why do the children shout out “Mummy” in front of their school mates at school? （2分）A. Because it is a way of celebrating the Mother’s Day.B. Because they are happy and proud to have a SOS mother.C.Because they miss their biological mothers.D.Because they want to tell others directly that they are not orphans.★标准答案：B(5) How does Zoila think of being a SOS mother? （2分）A.She thinks that the children are too young to be taken care of.B. She is proud of being a SOS mother.C.She thinks that it is a hard job and it is not worthwhile.D.She thinks that the children are expecting too much.★标准答案：B5. Among the few scientists who have had a great effect on science and history, Albert Einstein is perhaps the greatest. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new view of the universe. His theory has completely changed the way scientists understand time and space. Now, more and more people agree that the universe is something complicated than what they have ever thought before.Einstein was born is Germany in 1879. By 1914, young Einstein, already internationally famous, became a professor at an institute in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study. However, his peaceful life was soon broken by the First World War.Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war; he sat unhappily in his office doing little and lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In the years following the First World War, people showered honors upon him. He became the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Noble Prize for Physics and was greatly honored and respected in Germany. However, his life was again disrupted. The Second World War broke out and Einstein had to move to the US, where he lived until his death in 1955. （10分） (1) The first paragraph is mainly about _______. （2分）A.the secret of the universeB.Einstein‟s great influenceC. an American college presidentD.the difficulty of Einstein‟s theory★标准答案：B(2) The passage tells us that young Einstein ______. （2分）A.fought in the warB.disliked teachingC.was the head of universityD.was a world famous scientist★标准答案：D(3) Einstein’s researches were interrupted by ________. （2分）A.the warsB.teachingC.povertyD.poor health★标准答案：A(4) Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in ________. （2分）A.1914B.1918C.1921D.1955★标准答案：C(5) Which of the following statements about Einstein is true? （2分）A.He was always unhappy in his office.B.The world wars affected him greatly.C.He kept working until peace came in 1918.D.His theory changed the form of the universe.★标准答案：B6. Earth‟s animals are disappearing faster than they reproduce. Because there is too 1(?) research and too much ignorance, 2(?) is aware of how much we are losing. Many different kinds of plants and animals 3(?) extinct. Every year, 0.5 percent ofthe 4(?) things in the tropical rain forests become extinct. Some disappear 5(?) they are found and named. No one has time 6(?) them before they are gone.The disappearance of species 7(?) scientists. They want the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973 to be made 8(?). This act was formed to protect endangered species. 9(?), land developers,and factory owners disagree. They want changes that will make the act weaker.They think the act is not working. They believe it is not10(?) to private landowners. They want the act to consider people more. （10分）(1) 1 （1分）A.littleB.a littleC.fewD.a few★标准答案：A(2) 2 （1分）A.anyoneB.no oneC.someoneD.either one★标准答案：B(3) 3 （1分）A.are becomingB.were becomingC.becameD.are to become★标准答案：A(4) 4 （1分）A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live★标准答案：C(5) 5 （1分）A.asB.afterC.untilD.before★标准答案：D(6) 6 （1分）A.studyB.to studyC.studyingD.studied★标准答案：B(7) 7 （1分）A.interestsB.attractsC.worriesD.encourages★标准答案：C(8) 8 （1分）A.betterrgerC.fasterD.stronger★标准答案：D(9) 9 （1分）A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Though★标准答案：A(10) 10 （1分）A.enoughB.fairC.importantD.effective★标准答案：B7. He amazed the world by speed and he was awarded the Sportsman of the Year in 2009 and may be awarded again in 2010 by the Laureus World Sports Awards, the “Sports Oscar”. No doubt he is U sain Bolt.At the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, Usain Bolt set a new record of 9.69 seconds at Bird‟s Nest in the 100 metres and won the 200 meters at a world record time, and broke the world record in the men‟s 400-meter relay. In 2009 he made history again in Berlin World Championships by breaking his own 200 meters world record in time of 19.19 seconds and 100 meters in time of 9.58 seconds. He is regarded as the fastest man on the planet and is called “Lightning Bolt”.Usain Bolt was born on August 21, 1986 in Jamaica. As a child he enjoyed excellent gifts in sports. But he wasn‟t trained for running at first. Upon his entry to WilliamKnibb Memorial High School, his cricket coach found Bolt very good at running and encouraged him to be a runner. His school had a successful history of training young sportsmen. With the help of his coaches, Bolt made rapid progress in his runningabilities.In his first Caribbean national event, Bolt ended the 200 meters in the first place in 21.81 seconds. At the age of 15 Bolt won both the 200 and 400 meters events in the High School Championships, CARIFTA Games and Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships. In 2002, Bolt got two gold medals and one silver in the World Junior Championships in Kingston, his hometown and became very famous. Then he signed a deal with Puma, and the company helped his dream in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. And just at the Beijing Olympics Bolt amazed the whole the world with a miracle and broke the world record the first time.What makes him so successful? Of course, Bolt was born with great gifts and his height gives him long steps. But he says there’s more to it. “It has been hard work. Year after year, after year, after year of work. So that’s what got me so good,” he said. （10分） (1) Why is Bolt called “Lightning Bolt”? （2分）A.Because he won the award twice.B. Because he was a good sprinter（短跑运动员）.C.Because he is the fastest runner in short distance till now.D. Because he got a lot of medals.★标准答案：C(2) How many times had Bolt broken the world records by the end of 2009 according to the text? （2分）A.Twice.B.Three times.C.Four times.D.Five times.★标准答案：D(3) Who helped Bolt begin his career as a sprinter? （2分）A.His primary school teacher.B.His junior middle school teacher.C.His classmate.D.His cricket coach.★标准答案：D(4) When and where did Bolt become famous for the first time according to the text? （2分）A.In 2000, Sydney.B.In 2002, Kingston.C.In 2008, Beijing.D.In 2009, Berlin.★标准答案：B(5) What made Bolt so successful? （2分）A.His talents.B. His hardworking.C.Great opportunities.D.All above but C.★标准答案：D。
2014年考研英语真题及答案
2014 考研英语真题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefitsand help those on b enefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losin g a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. G eorge Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s le gal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual bene factors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t kn ow the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Educa tion[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The res earchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that containarchaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a require ment for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music t ends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)2014 考研英语真题答案完型1. where2. fades3. While4. damaging5. well-being6. turns7. workouts8. functions9. process 10. excel11. However 12. according to 13. further 14. sharpness 15. allows16. track 17. on 18. constantly 19. build 20. effective阅读理解Par AText1 21-25 B C D A DText2 26-30 D C B A CText3 31-35 D B B A AText4 36-40 A C C D BPart B41.C 42.F 43.G 44. D 45.BPart C46.这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能表达对音乐的感受，而不能把握音乐本身。
2014年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether30items in this part of the test, 15in English and15in Chinese,with one point for each(30′)1.IMO【答案】国际海事组织2.CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数3.UNCF【答案】联合国儿童基金会4.OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织5.ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟6.OAU【答案】非洲统一组织7.APEC【答案】亚太经合组织8.AFTA【答案】东盟自由贸易区9.GPA【答案】平均绩点10.to ramp up diplomatic engagement【答案】加强外交接触11.100000strong Initiative【答案】十万人留学中国计划12.a public-private partnership【答案】公私合作13.to foster new bright spots of Asian cooperation 【答案】培育亚洲国家合作新亮点14.to increase strategic trust【答案】增强战略互信15.bilateral trade deficit【答案】双边贸易赤字16.加强政府间的磋商合作【答案】to strengthen inter-governmental negotiation and cooperation17.坚持“政府引导，企业主体，市场运作，互利共赢”的方针【答案】to follow a government-guided,business-led and market-driven approach for win-win progress18.减少可吸入颗粒【答案】decrease inhalable particles19.原油价飙升【答案】surge of crude oil price20.传销【答案】pyramid selling21.虚拟经济【答案】virtual economy22.法定准备金率【答案】required reserve ratio23.上市子公司【答案】listed subsidiary24.土豪【答案】vulgar tycoon25.养老保险【答案】endowment insurance26.中国创业板【答案】China Growth Enterprise Market27.社会媒体和大数据迁移研究【答案】research on social media and big data transfer 28.主要经济指标【答案】major economic indicator29.产权多元化【答案】diversification of property rights30.建立定制的信息提取和过滤系统【答案】establish a tailored information extraction and filtration systemII.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into their target!language respectively.(120′)Source Text1:BEAUTY,the saying has it,is only skin deep.Not true.Skin is important(the cosmetics industry proves that).But so is what lies under it.In particular,the shape of people’s faces,determined by their bone structure,contributes enormously to how beautiful they are.And,since the ultimate point of beauty is to signal who is a good prospect as a mate,what makes a face beautiful is not only an aesthetic matter but also a biological one.How those bone structures arise,and how they communicate desirable traits,are big evolutionary questions.Until now,experiments to try to determine the biological basis of beauty have been of the please-look-at-these-photographs-and-answer-some-questions variety. Some useful and not necessarily obvious results have emerged,such as that one determinant of beauty is facial symmetry.But what would really help is a breeding experiment which allowed the shapes of faces to be followed across the generations to see how those shapes relate to variations in things that might be desirable in a mate.These might include fertility, fecundity,social status,present health,and likely resistance to future infection and infestation.Correlations between many of these phenomena and attributes of the body-beautiful have,indeed,been established.But in a pair-forming,highly social species such as Homo sapiens,you also have to live with your co-child-raiser or,at least,collaborate with him or her.So other things may be important in a mate,too, such as an even temper and a friendly outlook.It would be impossible to do such a breeding experiment on people,of course. But as Irene Elia,a biological anthropologist at Cambridge,realised,it has in fact been done,for the past five decades,on a different species of animal.Dr.Elia has published her analysis of this experiment in the Quarterly Review of Biology.The animals in question are foxes.【参考译文】俗话说，美貌不过是一张皮。
中南大学2014年翻译硕士真题回忆
中南大学2014年翻译硕士真题回忆第一篇：中南大学2014年翻译硕士真题回忆凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构中南大学2014年翻译硕士真题回忆真题是重要的参考复习资料，对于难以找到专业课真题大家要重点搜集整理，认真练习。
下面凯程分享中南大学2014年翻译硕士真题回忆。
中南大学2014年翻译硕士真题回忆术语翻译：中南的术语翻译偏重经贸和政治。
IMOOAU OECD APEC UNCF ASEAN AFTApromote strategic trustmutual trade deficita public private partnershipto tramo up ??foster the new point of asia中国创业板准备金率养老保险传销土豪上市子公司信息获取和过滤定制系统? 建立数据迁移和?，坚持政府引导，企业主体，市场运作，互利共赢的方针，篇章翻译下一届的同学可以好好准备科技文体还有政府的发言之类的文章。
前几年似乎也都是这两类!而且这两类文章的翻译应该是翻译之中最简单的吧。
特别是政府的翻译，句式和文字功底上真的没什么好说的。
E-C 美貌受很多因素影响，它不只是一个美学上的问题，更是生物学上的问题。
人们寻求魅力的伴侣，就是为了繁衍出更好的下一代。
网上似乎找不到原文呢。
这篇文章算是科普文吧。
C-E 政府发言人的那种类型。
全都是废话已经记不太清了。
关键词：发展，繁荣，和平，亚洲。
里面提到了马来西亚的2020宏愿，我不会翻译。
还有以两位数的速度快速增长，不知道怎么翻译。
汉语写作与百科知识:百科知识：宏观经济，微观经济，杠杆率，傅雷，约翰克里斯多夫，美学，巴尔扎克，罗曼罗兰，傅雷的翻译观，985计划，2011计划，协同创新。
应用文：写调查报告。
这是以前考过的内容。
农村的多收费乱收费现象的报告，不少于600字。
议论文：800字左右的议论文。
给了一段环球时报上的新闻评论，关于中国的道德自我矮化的问题，让你根据这篇评论写议论文。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Southern University Doctoral English ExamSection A: Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. The project __________ a lot of time and effort, but it was worth it in the end.A. consumedB. reservedC. preservedD. delayed2. The new manager decided to __________ the company's policy on staff training.A. modifyB. adoptC. maintainD. disregard3. The team worked __________ to meet the deadline for the research paper.A. leisurelyB. swiftlyC. indiscriminatelyD. insincerely4. He has a __________ for finding solutions to complex problems.A. talentB. weaknessC. deficiencyD. disability5. The company's reputation was __________ damaged by the scandal.A. completelyB. slightlyC. moderatelyD. immenselySection B: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.The Rise of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we live and work. From virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa toself-driving cars and automated factories, AI is becoming increasingly integrated into our daily lives.One of the key benefits of AI is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately. This has led to significant advancements in fields such as medicine, finance, and transportation. AI algorithms can detect patterns in data that humans may overlook, leading to more accurate diagnoses, better investment decisions, and safer transportation systems.However, the rise of AI also raises concerns about job displacement and privacy. As machines become more capable of performing complex tasks, some worry that human workers will be replaced by robots and AI systems. Additionally, the collection and analysis of personal data by AI systems raise questions about privacy and data security.Despite these concerns, the potential of AI to revolutionize industries and improve our quality of life is undeniable. As AI technology continues to evolve, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical implications and ensure that AI is used responsibly for the benefit of society.Questions:1. What is one of the key benefits of AI mentioned in the passage?2. What are some of the concerns raised by the rise of AI?3. Why is it important to consider the ethical implications of AI?Section C: Writing (60 points)Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic: "The Impact of Technology on Education."In your essay, you should address the following points:- How has technology changed the way students learn?- What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in the classroom?- How can educators effectively incorporate technology into their teaching practices?- What role do you think technology will play in the future of education?Remember to provide examples and evidence to support your arguments.以上是中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题的部分内容，希望对您有所帮助。
2014年全国大学考博英语考试答案.《461533046》
英语试卷一【±q461533046】Part I Answer Dialogue Completion1. We will be shown around the city : schools , museums , and some other places , _________ othe r visitors seldom go .A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when2．The famous basketball star . __________ tried to make a comeback , attracted a lot of attention .A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who3．He is only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years .A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been4. Is this the reason __________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained5. The result of the experiment was very good , __________ we hadn’t expected .A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase . ________ was very reasonable .A. which priceB . the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose7. Caral said the work would be done by October , ________ personally I doubt very much .A. itB . thatC. whenD. which8. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play , __________ , of course , made the others unhappy .A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what9. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour , __________ was true .A. heB. thisC. whichD. who10. He must be from Africa, _________can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. asC. whoD. what11. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _________ leading actor is world famous ?A. itsB. it’sC. whoseD. which12. He was very rude to the customs office , _________ of course made things even worse .A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which13. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town __________ he grew up as a c hild .A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when14. I don’t like _________ you speak to her .A. the wayB. the way in thatD. the way of which15. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _________ in the forest .A. once they growB. they grew onceC. they once grewD. once grew16. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm , ________ many people have got h ome .A. whose timeB. thatC. on whichD. by which17. _________ we know , China will be an __________ powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time .A. That ; advancingB. This ; advancedC. As ; advancedD. It ; advancing18. I shall never forget those years __________ I lived in the country with the farmers , ________ has a great effect on my life .A. that ; whichB. when ; whichC. which ; thatD. when ; who19. The weather turned out to be very good , ________ was more than we could expect .A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it20. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person __________ she could turn for help .A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom21. He made another wonderful discovery , __________ of great importance to science.A. which I think isC. which I think itD. I think which is25. His son has become a doctor, ________ he wanted to be.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. what26. She said she was busy, _________ was a lie.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. that。
2014年湖北省考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年湖北省考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionI am writing this at home because last week my ergonomic(符合人体工程学的)chair at the office fell apart, unable any longer to bear my weight. I am writing it on a computer that is propped on top of two thick books, because otherwise my neck would be cricked as I peered at the screen. At 1. 93m and weighing. . . well, I’m not going to say what I weigh, but think second-row rugby union forward. . . I am not built for this world. We therefore welcome a new report from Professor Tim Hatton at the University of Essex, demonstrating that the average height of men in Europe has increased by 4 inches in the past century and in the UK by a whopping 5 inches. A similar increase is likely to have occurred among women:but, because the study is based in part on military records, evidence is thinner on the ground. The problem, as Hatton observes, is that the world hasn’t kept pace with our increased height. I long ago abandoned buses—levering myself into a narrow seat was impossible. Air travel is also challenging. I was in the back row of an easyjet plane recently, which has even less space than an ordinary seat, and would have ended up with a severe backache had it not been for some thoughtful passenger not turning up, allowing me to relocate to an aisle seat where the only danger is being hit by the trolley. Small cars are impossible—I have to drive with my head through the sunroof. West End theaters are hopelessly cramped. As before in cricket grounds: I would under no circumstances pay ￡80 for a plastic bucket seat at a Test match, where I would be wedged uneasily between two loud, red-trousered merchant bankers sipping warm champagne. As for those appalling pine beds with footboards, usually found in absurdly small hotel rooms where I invariably get stuck in the toilet because the door won’t open with me inside, they should be banned immediately. Our extra height generally means extra weight. US data show that baseball players are on average 3 inches taller and 2 stones heavier than they were a century ago—and these are the superfit guys. Other data suggest ordinary Americans have added 2. 54 cm and 12. 6 kg in the past 50 years alone. We are all giants now—or will be soon. As a representative of this new breed, I would say just one thing: beware garden furniture. It appears to be made for gnomes. I routinely remove pleasant-looking but wholly impractical cane chairs, and once, while interviewing the actress Jenny Seagrove, snapped the strings of a hammock-type chair in her garden. It is not easy to get your interviewee to take you seriously after your I am writing this at home because last week my ergonomic(符合人体工程学的)chair at the office fell apart, unable any longer to bear my weight. I am writing it on a computer that is propped on top of two thick books, because otherwise my neck would be cricked as I peered at the screen. At 1. 93m and weighing. . . well, I’m not going to say what I weigh, but think second-row rugbyunion forward. . . I am not built for this world. We therefore welcome a new report from Professor Tim Hatton at the University of Essex, demonstrating that the average height of men in Europe has increased by 4 inches in the past century and in the UK by a whopping 5 inches. A similar increase is likely to have occurred among women:but, because the study is based in part on military records, evidence is thinner on the ground. The problem, as Hatton observes, is that the world hasn’t kept pace with our increased height. I long ago abandoned buses—levering myself into a narrow seat was impossible. Air travel is also challenging. I was in the back row of an easyjet plane recently, which has even less space than an ordinary seat, and would have ended up with a severe backache had it not been for some thoughtful passenger not turning up, allowing me to relocate to an aisle seat where the only danger is being hit by the trolley. Small cars are impossible—I have to drive with my head through the sunroof. West End theaters are hopelessly cramped. As before in cricket grounds: I would under no circumstances pay ￡80 for a plastic bucket seat at a Test match, where I would be wedged uneasily between two loud, red-trousered merchant bankers sipping warm champagne. As for those appalling pine beds with footboards, usually found in absurdly small hotel rooms where I invariably get stuck in the toilet because the door won’t open with me inside, they should be banned immediately. Our extra height generally means extra weight. US data show that baseball players are on average 3 inches taller and 2 stones heavier than they were a century ago—and these are the superfit guys. Other data suggest ordinary Americans have added 2. 54 cm and 12. 6 kg in the past 50 years alone. We are all giants now—or will be soon. As a representative of this new breed, I would say just one thing: beware garden furniture. It appears to be made for gnomes. I routinely remove pleasant-looking but wholly impractical cane chairs, and once, while interviewing the actress Jenny Seagrove, snapped the strings of a hammock-type chair in her garden. It is not easy to get your interviewee to take you seriously after your vast bulk has been plunged suddenly on to their manicured lawn.1．The best title of this passage might be______.A．Poor Quality of ChairsB．Trouble with Being TallC．Embarrassment of Being RejectedD．Difficulties in Taking Planes and Buses正确答案：B解析：本文的最佳标题也许是：高个子带来的麻烦。
2014医博英语统考听力材料以及答案
2014医学博士英语统考听力文字版Question 1W: It would help me if you could go over the last week and give me an idea how much beer drank each evening.M: Well, let me see, I went up to the pub 4 times last week, and drank about 3 pints each evening.Question: How much beer did the man drink last week?Question 2W: Is there anything else I can do to help me sleep at night? M: Don’t worry so much about things of work. I know, I know, easier said than done.W: Should I stay home from work?M: No, I don’t think that’s nec essary, just remember to stay calm.Question: What does the doctor suggest the woman do?Question3W: How’s even your feeling in general?M: No complaints, really.Question: What does the man mean?Question 4W: Our managing director is going to give you a raise.M: Really? Are you kidding me?W: Absolutely! He thinks you would!Question: What does the woman say?Question 5W: I’ve been so worried about my daughter. She’s so different and temperament for me. We are not always on the same wheeling.M: Th at’s quite common with mothers and daughters.W: She is a further personality and very much on the ball, but she is an excitable child.Question: What does the woman mean?Question 6W: Where is your injury?M: Here, my ankle.W: How did it happen?M: I tripped over on the pavement and twisted it. It was swollen and very painful.Question: What is true about the woman?Question 7W: John wants to move upwards and onwards within his new company.M: He is well qualified and the boss interested him.W: So you think he will achieve his goal?M: Yeah! For betting he will.Question: What did the man mean?Question 8M: Take the slip to the front desk and then arrange an appointment for the tests.W: Thank you, doctor! Have a nice day!Question: What will the woman do?Question 9M: There is one girl on my school who everybody picks up. W: Why?M: Because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears. Question: What can be inferred about the girl in question?Question 10M: What’s your coming for today, Mrs. Anderson?W: I’ve been having some pains in my joints, especially the knees!Question: Where does the conversation most probably take place?Question 11W: How long does the pain last when you get it?M: It comes and goes! Sometimes I hardly feel anything, other times it can last up to half an hour or more.W: Is there any type of food that seems to cause stronger pain or other types?M: Um, heavy foods like stay insomnia usually bring s it on, I’ll been to avoid those.Question: What type of food seems to cause stronger pain to the man?Question 12W: Carl, your bicycle is too old, it’s not safe ty to ride.M: Yeah! I think I need to buy a new one, but it will go with time.Question: What did the man mean?Question 13M: How long could you have these symptoms?W: Oh, I have the cough for two weeks, but feeling ill just be past a few days.Question: What do we know about the woman’s illness?Question 14W: I think I could recover the cough at the end of this year. M: I’m sorry to burst your bubble, but the stock index still ranges between 1900 and 2900 after every year.Question 15M: I just want check to understand which pills to take and when?W: The yellow one in the morning and the others, oh, I think no, maybe, a h, you’d better to write it down! Then you wo n’t forget!M: Here is some paper! The yellow one once a day before breakfast, the large round one three times a day after meals, the small ones when you need one for sleeping.Question: Which of the following statements is true?Section B Dialogue One Question 16-20W: Hi, Patrick, how are your feeling today?M: A bit better.W: That’s good to hear. Are you still feeling nausea?M: No. I haven’t felt sick to my stomach so she is to switch my medication.W: Great, say, your test result came this morning.M: It’s about time. Is it good news or a bad?W: I guess it would be a bit of both. Which do you want first? M: Let’s get the bad news over with.W: OK. It looks like you are going to need surgery to remove your tumor from your leg. After the operation you’re going to have to escape your feet for at least 3 weeks. That means no soccer.M: It is a friend of you if you are going to say that.W: Now, for the good news. The belt shows the tumor is benign which means it is not cancerous. We’re going to take it out anyway just being on a safe side.M: Wow, that’s a load off my mind. Thanks doctor.W: Don’t get too excited, we still need to get the bottom of this way of loathing...M: I probably have just been so worried about stupid lump. W: These things off and on are stress-related but we’re still going to do a few blood test just rule a few things out.M: Things like what? Cancer?W: Actually, I am thinking more of the lines of food allergy.Passage 1Woman may be more susceptible to the lung-damaging effect to smoking than men, according to the new research by Inassessali Sohine ND, and her colleagues from ChimingLaboratory, Briven and Women Hospital and University of Bergen Norway. They analyzed the data from the Norwegian case control study, including 954 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 955 controls, all the current or ex-smokers. And COPD subject had moderate or severe COPD. Although analysis indicated the women may be more vulnerable to the effect to smoking, which is something previously suspected but not proven, said Dr. Sohine. The study results would be prevented on May 18, at the 115 international conference of American directive society in Santiago. Examining the total study samples there is no gender differences with respect to lung function and COPD severity. The women were on average younger, and they smoked significantly left than men. To experience the differences further they also analyzed two subgroups of study example, COPD subject on the age of 60 and COPD subjects with less than 20 pack years. In both subgroups we need have more severe disease and great impairment to the lung function than man. This means the female smokers in our study experienced reduced the lung function at a lower level of smoking exposure and at the earlier age than men, said Dr. Sohine. It’s long been suspected that the effective smoking on lung function may be modified by gender. Interaction analysts confirm that being female represents a higher risk of reduced lung function and severer COPD. But this gender reset was most pronounced women’s level of smoking exposure was low.According to Dr Sohine, the reason why the women may be more susceptible to the effect of cigarette smoke is still unknown. There are several possible explanations. Women have small airways, therefore eat cigarettes may be more harm. Also there are genderPassage 2In December 1997 large numbers of cattle, goats and sheep began dying in the Garissa district of north-eastern Kenya. A month later people started dying, too. It was, at the time, the biggest recorded outbreak of Rift Valley fever in East Africa. Some 100,000 stock animals succumbed and about 90,000 people were infected, hundreds fatally in five countries.In December 2007 the same thing happened. Or, it started to happen but was stopped in its tracks. The difference was that the second time around there was warning. In September researchers at the Goddard Space Century, Greenbelt, Maryland, part of America’s space agency, NASA, told the authorities in Kenya that they had a problem. They told them again in October. And again in November. By the time the epidemic emerged, the Kenyan health ministry had dispatched teams to the area to distribute mosquito nets and urge village leaders and religious authorities to stop people slaughtering and eating animals. Though the outbreak still killed 300 people in Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania, it could bea lot worse. According to Kenneth Linthicum of America’s Department of Agriculture, the number of deaths would probably have been more than twice as high without the warning.The warning itself was possible because of a model of how disease spreads that Dr Linthicum helped design. And the data that were plugged into that model came from satellites.What the researchers at Goddard had noticed at the time of the first outbreak was that in the months preceding it, surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean had risen by half a degree. These higher temperatures brought heavy and sustained rains, cloud cover and warmer air to much of the Horn of Africa. Mosquitoes multiplied wildly, and lived long enough for the virus that causes the fever to develop to the point where it is easily transmissible. In September 2007 the researchers saw the same thing happening in the ocean, and suspected the same consequences would follow.参考答案：1-5 ABCCD 6-10 BDDAD 11-15 DDCAD16-20 BCDDAD 21-25DCABC 26-30 BADAD。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编55(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编55(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Fred is ______ from school for a week for bad conduct.A．expelledB．suspendedC．preventedD．discharged正确答案：B解析：suspend vt.暂停，暂缓；使暂时停止(工作或上学)；悬，挂，吊(如：To suspend a workman is to order him not to carry out his usual duties for the time being．The committee suspended two members of the team．The trial is to be suspended whlie new evidence is considered．They have suspended work until next week)。
expel(from)vt．开除；驱逐；排出。
prevent(from)vt.预防，防止。
discharge(from)vt．释放：排出：允许离开。
2．A UN official said that aid programs would be ______ until there was adequate protection for relief convoy.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题) A．dependedB．suspendedC．postponedD．expended正确答案：B解析：本题空格处是说援助计划将被延缓。
B项“suspended延缓”符合题意，如：We suspended the building work during the rain．(下雨天我们中断了建筑工作。
2014年中南大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年中南大学考博英语真题及详解Entrance English Examination for PhD Program Candidates (2014) B卷试卷一Part 1 Use of English ( 20%)Section A Vocabulary and Structure (10%, 每题0.5分)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. The French and the Americans have a very different relationship to money,______ and ostentation.A) optimumB) opulenceC) obnoxiousD) obfuscate【答案】B【解析】句意：法国人和美国人对金钱，财富和炫耀之间的关系的看法非常不同。
opulence 财富；富裕。
optimum最适条件；最适度。
obnoxious可憎的，讨厌的。
obfuscate使暗淡；使模糊。
只有opulence与money，ostentation表达同类概念，因此答案选B。
2. One of the first ______ of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry: smoke tends to drive out the insect that, by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A) casualtiesB) reformersC) criticsD) beneficiaries【答案】D【解析】句意：在亚马逊雨林中减少燃烧的第一个受益者是栗树工业：烟往往会赶走昆虫，通过给栗树授粉，可以让栗子树生长。
2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．Hunting is thought to be______for the extinction of some wildlife.A．responsibleB．blamedC．chargedD．denounced正确答案：A解析：形容词词义辨析。
句意：狩猎被认为导致了一些野生动物的灭绝。
选项中可以与be…for搭配的只有选项A和选项B，responsible“负责任的”，短语搭配为be responsible for；B选项blame与for连用时，通常结构为to be blame for，主动结构表被动意义，不能使用blamed被动形式；becharged with为固定搭配，意为“被控告”；denounce“公然抨击”与语境不符。
故答案为A。
2．The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a______visit to theirs.A．reciprocalB．bilateralC．considerateD．rewarding正确答案：A解析：近义词辨析。
bilateral着重双边的、双方的关系。
reciprocal表示“互惠的，相应的”，强调有来有往和行为上有共同点。
句中提及在美国学生参观了我们学校之后，我们也要去参观他们的。
语境强调有来有往的互访，bilateral更合适。
considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”；rewarding“有益的”不符合句意。
2014考博真题
单选(1×50)：距离上颌窦最近的牙；翼下颌间隙内容；舌神经与颌下腺导管的关系
安氏错颌分类舌骨上肌群腺淋巴瘤病理变化活动期牙周炎病理变化
骨化纤维瘤与骨纤维异常增殖的区别翼突钩位置口腔鳞癌最常见的类型下颌骨内侧面结构解剖生理主观题
名解（2×5）
边缘嵴wilson曲线肌力轨道面侧深区味觉传导
简答（5×3）
面部协调关系
面瘫的分型、表现及解剖基础
牙合力及其影响因素
组织病理主观题
名解：咽囊（英文）朗格汉斯细胞（英文）棘层松解（英文）牙龈化脓性肉芽肿釉质龋表层简答：继发性牙本质、修复性牙本质之间区别、表现、病理变化
静止期牙周炎的病理变化；举出两例含牙源性外胚间充质成分的牙源性上皮性肿瘤，并描述病理变化。
中南大学--年博士研究生入学考试英语试题的答案解析doc资料
中南大学2008 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析Paper OnePart I Using of EnglishSection One Vocabulary and Structure1【答案】A【解析】从题目中neither side 可以看出，是两方在讨论，所以应该是one side and the other side。
本句采用了岛状结构，起强调作用。
强调“双方在争论中没有达成协议”，因为双方都不愿让步。
所以正确答案是A 选项2【答案】D【解析】四个选项的意思分别是lightest 最轻的；furthest，最远的；smallest，最小的；faintest，模糊的。
the faintest idea 意思是，一点概念没有。
句意是，我对你的意思一点也不明白，你能再讲清楚点么？所以正确答案是 D 选项，如We haven't the faintest idea what the murderer looks like.（这个杀人犯长得怎么样我们连一点概念也没有。
）3【答案】A【解析】语法题。
it's no good doing something 的意思是，做某事无济于事。
这里的good 还可以替换成use，it 可以替换成there。
据此，可以推出正确答案是A 选项。
句意是，我还不知道什么时候可以去度假，现在做决定没有意义。
It’s no如good crying now!（现在哭也没用了！。
）4【答案】B【解析】四个选项的意思分别是give away 赠送，泄漏；give off 发出（光，声音等），散发出（气味）；give in 认输，投降；give up 停止，放弃。
句意是加装了防护过滤器以后，这烟囱已不再散发成股的废气到大气中去了。
根据句子意思推出正确答案是B 选项，如As motor vehicles burn fuel, they give off carbon monoxide as a waste.（汽车燃烧燃料时，会产生废气—一氧化碳。
考博英语词汇历年真题试卷汇编46_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编46(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.It is not too late, but ______ action is needed.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA fightB urgentC hurryD prompt分值: 2答案:D解析：本题空格处是说需要立即行动。
D项“prompt迅速的、及时的”，如：This mechanic is always prompt in his duties．(这个机修工人做工作一向是迅速爽快的。
)其他三项“right对的、恰当的；urgent紧急的：hurry匆忙、仓促”都不正确。
2.In November 1987 the government ______ a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.(2008年四川大学考博试题) SSS_SINGLE_SELA initiatedB designedC inducedD promoted分值: 2答案:D解析：initiate开始，创始，design设计，induce 引诱，招致，promote促进，发起。
根据后面的a public debate可知，正确答案为D，即“发起公众讨论”。
3.The______action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt. (厦门大学2011年试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA supremeB significantC promptD vital分值: 2答案:C解析：句子的大意为：警察迅速的行动救了房子中的人，使他们免受烧伤。
A项supreme“最高的，至高的，最重要的”；B项significant“重大的，有效的，有意义的”；C项prompt“及时的，迅速的，敏捷的”：D项vital“至关重要的，生死攸关的，有活力的”。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1South Central University Doctoral Graduate English Exam Part I: Listening ComprehensionSection A: Conversations1. What did the man do before he went to bed?A. He watched a movie.B. He read a book.C. He listened to music.D. He talked on the phone.2. How does the woman feel about the new project?A. Excited.B. Nervous.C. Confused.D. Disappointed.3. What is the woman planning to do tomorrow?A. Visit a friend.B. Go shopping.C. Attend a meeting.D. Clean the house.Section B: Passages4. Which airport has a new shuttle service?A. Heathrow Airport.B. JFK Airport.C. LAX Airport.D. Incheon Airport.5. What program did the speaker participate in?A. A charity event.B. A language exchange.C. A cooking class.D. A fitness challenge.6. What is the main purpose of the research mentioned?A. To improve public transportation.B. To reduce energy consumption.C. To increase agricultural productivity.D. To promote cultural understanding.Part II: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passages and answer the questions.Passage 1:The History of Music FestivalsMusic festivals have been around for centuries as a way for people to come together and enjoy live music. In ancient times, music festivals were often held as part of religious ceremonies, with musicians playing traditional instruments and singing hymns. As time went on, music festivals evolved into larger, more elaborate events featuring a variety of genres and performers.Today, music festivals are a popular form of entertainment around the world. From Coachella in California to Glastonbury in England, millions of people attend these events every year to see their favorite artists perform. In recent years, music festivals have also become a platform for promoting social causes and raising awareness about important issues.1. What was the original purpose of music festivals?A. To promote social causes.B. To showcase traditional instruments.C. To bring people together through music.D. To raise awareness about important issues.2. Where are some popular music festivals held?A. Asia.B. Australia.C. Europe.D. Africa.3. What is a modern feature of music festivals?A. Religious ceremonies.B. Traditional instruments.C. Social causes.D. Variety of genres and performers.Passage 2:The Importance of Time ManagementTime management is a crucial skill that every graduate student should possess. With the demands of coursework, research, and writing, it can be easy to feel overwhelmed and fall behind. By learning how to effectively manage their time, students can increase their productivity and reduce stress.One way to improve time management is to create a schedule and stick to it. This involves setting aside specific blocks of time for different tasks, such as studying, attending classes, and working on projects. By following a schedule, students can ensure that they are making progress towards their goals and deadlines.In addition, it is important for students to prioritize their tasks and focus on the most important ones first. This may involve breaking larger projects into smaller, more manageable tasks and setting deadlines for each. By staying organized and disciplined, students can ensure that they are using their time efficiently and effectively.4. Why is time management important for graduate students?A. To reduce stress.B. To increase productivity.C. To improve writing skills.D. To attend more classes.5. How can students improve their time management skills?A. By creating a schedule.B. By procrastinating.C. By ignoring deadlines.D. By multitasking.6. What is one benefit of prioritizing tasks?A. Increased stress.B. Improved organization.C. Decreased productivity.D. Lack of discipline.Part III: WritingWrite an essay of approximately 300 words on the following topic:Discuss the impact of technology on education. How has technology changed the way students learn and teachers teach?What are the benefits and challenges of using technology in the classroom?---This is just a sample of the kind of questions that may appear on the English exam for doctoral students at South Central University. It is important for students to prepare and practice their listening, reading, and writing skills in order to succeed on the exam and in their academic studies. Good luck to all the students taking the exam!篇2Mid-South University Ph.D. English Exam QuestionsPart I: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1-5World literature refers to literature that dates back over centuries and across borders. It includes stories, poems, and plays that have been passed down from generation to generation, reflecting the cultural and historical aspects of different societies. In today's globalized world, world literature plays a key role in fostering cross-cultural understanding and promoting diversity.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The importance of world literatureB. Historical aspects of literatureC. Cross-cultural understandingD. Globalization2. According to the passage, what does world literature encompass?A. Only plays and poemsB. Literature that is only a few decades oldC. Stories, poems, and plays from different culturesD. Literary works from a single country3. How does world literature contribute to diversity?A. By limiting exposure to different culturesB. By promoting understanding of other societiesC. By isolating cultural perspectivesD. By discouraging reading of international works4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of world literature?A. Passing down stories through generationsB. Reflecting historical and cultural aspectsC. Limiting diversityD. Fostering cross-cultural understanding5. What is the author's tone in this passage?A. IndifferentB. ObjectiveC. NegativeD. PositivePassage TwoQuestions 6-10As technology continues to advance, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on society becomes increasingly evident. From self-driving cars to virtual assistants, AI has the potential to revolutionize various industries and improve efficiency. However, there are concerns about the ethical implications of AI and its impact on job security.6. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The benefits of artificial intelligenceB. The ethics of AIC. Job security in the era of AID. The impact of AI on efficiency7. According to the passage, what can AI potentially revolutionize?A. The healthcare industry onlyB. The automotive industry onlyC. Various industriesD. The entertainment industry only8. What are concerns mentioned in the passage regarding AI?A. Its impact on efficiencyB. Its ability to create jobsC. Its ethical implicationsD. Its affordability9. What is the author's stance on AI based on the passage?A. SupportiveB. NeutralC. CriticalD. Indifferent10. Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of AI in the passage?A. Self-driving carsB. Virtual assistantsC. Online shoppingD. Personalized recommendations(Continued in Part II: Writing)篇3Title: South Central University Doctoral Graduate English Exam QuestionsIntroduction:The English exam for doctoral graduate students at South Central University is an important assessment that evaluates students' language proficiency and readiness for academic research in English. The exam covers various aspects of the English language, including reading comprehension, writing skills, listening comprehension, and speaking proficiency. In this document, we will provide a sample of the exam questions that students may encounter, as well as tips for preparing and performing well on the exam.Reading Comprehension:1. Read the following passage and answer the questions below:The concept of sustainable development has gained widespread attention in recent years as a response to the increasing environmental challenges facing our planet. Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meettheir own needs. It involves finding a balance between economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.Questions:a) What is the definition of sustainable development?b) What are the three key components of sustainable development?c) Why is sustainable development important for future generations?Writing Skills:2. Write an essay on the following topic:"Discuss the role of technology in sustainable development. How can advancements in technology help address environmental challenges and promote a more sustainable future?"Listening Comprehension:3. Listen to the following audio clip and answer the questions below:(Audio clip: A conversation between two students discussing a recent environmental conference)Questions:a) What was the main topic of the environmental conference?b) What are some of the key ideas discussed during the conference?c) How do the students feel about the importance of environmental conservation?Speaking Proficiency:4. Prepare a 5-minute presentation on the topic "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity." Use visual aids and examples to support your points.Tips for Preparation:- Practice reading and analyzing academic texts in English to improve reading comprehension skills.- Develop your writing skills by regularly practicing essay writing on a variety of topics.- Listen to English audio clips, such as lectures or podcasts, to enhance listening comprehension skills.- Engage in conversational English practice with peers or language exchange partners to improve speaking proficiency.Conclusion:The English exam for doctoral graduate students at South Central University plays a crucial role in evaluating students' language abilities and preparing them for academic research in English. By familiarizing themselves with the exam format and practicing different language skills, students can increase their chances of success on the exam. Good luck to all students preparing for the exam!。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题Part I: Vocabulary and structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. The Earth _____ around the sun.A. revolvesB. resolvingC. resolvingD. revolves2. A water molecule is made up _____ two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom.A. forB. ofD. by3. The data _____ China’s economic growth are impressive.A. forB. towardC. concerningD. on4. We have to know _____ always comes first.A. besidesB. thatC. itD. what5. The coffee served in that shop is far too weak _____ my taste.A. fromB. toC. for6. I really _____ remember what her address is.A. don’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. won’t7. Would you like milk and sugar _____ your coffee?A. inB. atC. onD. of8. It is important for leaders to work _____ the development of their employees.A. onB. forC. withD. in9. Our project needs more support _____ the government.A. atB. toC. fromD. on10. _____ he is often criticized, he is actually a very talented writer.A. EvenB. SinceC. ThusD. HencePart II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.Passage 1There is a serious problem with obesity in many developed countries. This is usually caused by people eating too much andnot doing enough exercise. As a result, many people are now overweight or even obese. Obesity can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease and diabetes.11. What is the main cause of obesity?A. Lack of sleepB. Too much exerciseC. Eating too muchD. Eating too little12. What is the consequence of obesity?A. Heart diseaseB. Healthy bodyC. Strong musclesD. No exercise13. Which disease can obesity lead to?A. DiabetesB. FluC. ColdsD. Allergies14. What do many people in developed countries have due to obesity?A. Strong musclesB. High blood pressureC. Low body weightD. Overweight15. How can obesity be prevented?A. By eating more unhealthy foodB. By not doing any exerciseC. By eating less and exercising moreD. By sleeping all dayPassage 2There is a growing concern about the environment and the impact that human activity is having on it. As the population grows and people use more energy, pollution levels are increasing. This is leading to global warming and climate change.16. What is the growing concern about?A. Language skillsB. The economyC. The environmentD. Shopping habits17. What is causing pollution levels to increase?A. TreesB. Human activityC. CloudsD. Cities18. What is global warming leading to?A. Increased pollutionB. Climate changeC. Decreased pollutionD. Cleaner air19. How is the population affecting the environment?A. By using less energyB. By not using energy at allC. By using more energyD. By sleeping all day20. What is a consequence of climate change?A. Cleaner airB. Natural disastersC. Healthy environmentD. Decreased food productionPart III: Fill in the blanks (20 points)Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words.21. The _____ of the project cost over $1 million.22. She is tired of _____ the same routine every day.23. He knocked on the door but there was no _____ .24. The teacher _____ her students to work hard.25. We need to find a _____ to this problem soon.Part IV: Translation (30 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from Chinese to English.拥有绿色的科学技术和环境经营理念将越来越成为未来企业的重要标志。