初三被动语态专项复习

被动语态专项复习

一、

1.含义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用__________语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用____________语态。

2.主动语态变被动语态

主动语态：The boy broke the window yesterday.

动作执行者动词主动形式动作承受者

被动语态：The window was broken by the boy yesterday.

动作承受者动词被动形式动作执行者

3.构成：

(1)肯定句：主语+be +过去分词（+by…）

英语被许多人说。English ____________ _____________ ____________ many people.

(2)否定句：主语+be not+过去分词（+by…）

这条路不经常被使用。This road _____________ ___________ very often.

(3)一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词（+by…）？

那座桥是被建在长江上吗？___________ that bridge _____________ over the Changjiang River?

(4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语+过去分词（+by…）？

电话是什么时候被发明的？____________ _______________ the telephone _______________？

被动语态（二）

二、被动语态的特殊情况

Ⅰ. 动词(表示主语的属性特征) + 副词: (well/badly/easily…), 当他们与相应的副词连用的时候用主动表被动。此类动词有：write, sell, clean, wash等词做不及物动词时，如：The book sells well.

(1)这种食物尝起来好卖的也好.This food tastes _______ and ________ well.

(2)这支笔写的很糟/流畅.This pen ________ badly/smoothly.

(3)这家商店八点营业. The shop _________ at 8a.m.

Ⅰ. want/need+ doing 相当于want/need+ to be done

你的衣服需要洗。Your clothes need __________.

= Your clothes need _______ _______ ________.

Ⅰ. 在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义

This book is worth _____________. (read)

This stamp is worth _____________. (collect)

2. see, hear, make等动词后作宾补的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。

The boss made him work all day. He _______ _________ _____ ______ all day (by the boss).

I often hear her sing this song. She _____ often ________ _________ ________this song (by me).

3. 动词短语变为被动语态时，不能丢掉动词后的介词或副词。

She takes care of the baby every day. The baby ______ ________ ______ ______by her every day.

People should speak to the old politely. The old ______ _______ _____ _____ politely by people.

( )This dictionary mustn’t ________________the library.

A. take away

B. be taken away

C. be taken away from

4. 用于词组的被动语态．常用于表示＂据说＂或＂相信＂，如：

It is said that... (据说...)

It is reported that… (据报道...)

It is well-known that…(众所周知)

5.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时

(1) He told us a story.→ _______ were _______ a story by ________.

(2)用介词to或for引导

He told us a story.→ ______ ______ _______ told _______ us by him.

Her mother gave her a new pen. →A new pen ________ ________ ________ her by her mother.

注意：填介词(to/for)

explain/bring/give/lend/offer/pass/sell/send/show/take/teach/tell/write/return/serve sth ______ sb.

design/build/buy/cook/do/draw/make/order/choose/find/get/prepare sth ________ sb.

6.不用于被动语态的情况：

(1)不及物动词无被动语态．如：appear, die, end, fail, happen, sit, stand, come true, fall asleep, take place等。( ) Great changes ___ in the last three years.

A. have taken place

B. have been taken place

C. have happened

昨天这个城镇发生了一场事故. An accident ____________ in this town yesterday.

(2)系动词无被动语态．如：It sounds good. 另:be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, stay, turn等。