GP实验室手册实例DOC

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GP应用实例

前言我们在该实例中用到的触摸屏为GP37W2-BG41-24V ( 5.7 英寸，单色蓝白LCD ) ；PLC采用台湾 Fatek 公司 FB 系列 PLC 的一款，其型号为 FBe-28MC ( 28点，16 点IN / 12 点OUT ) 。

1、工艺流程净水系统，由于其组成设备多，水的各种指标严格，如纯度、PH值、电导率等。

HMI与PLC通讯引用在净水系统，很好的满足了工艺要求，改变了传统复杂的按钮控制方式。

如下图示，净水系统的流程框图如下。

该净水系统用到了许多水泵和阀门控制，当然还有许多传感器和检测器。

这些检测设备获得的信号，通过电缆传送到PLC，PLC再对信号进行处理。

PLC 通过通讯电缆，将信息传送给HMI GP ，这样在HMI（人机界面）上得到显示，方便操作技术人员进行相应的操作。

由于各个水箱的供水设备都是水泵，那么我们需要注意，水泵这种特殊的设备，不适宜频繁启动，否则容易损坏，降低使用寿命，甚至直接损坏。

所以，我们需要对这种频繁启动采取避免措施。

鉴于传感器只能对限位做出立即动作，即达到限位就有信号，保持通的状态；低于限位就没有信号，保持断的状态，电气设备较难改变。

我们采用了对PLC编程的方式，来消除水泵的频繁启动问题，这是很容易解决的。

我们给每一的启动-停止-再启动，设定一个时间段，保持这样的时间段，可以避免水泵的频繁启动。

时间段的长短，可以根据工厂具体的需求来设定，这个在软件上是很容易实现的。

一、净水工艺控制要求根据附图Ⅰ，我们可以大概的了解净水系统整个的系统控制要求和流程。

对于一个工程，其详细的现场工艺控制要求非常重要，它是PLC程序编写的准则和现场调试的校验标准。

净水工艺控制要求：⑴、原水箱通过外接设备供水，当原水箱液位检测为低的时候，原水泵停止运行；当原水箱液位检测为中的时候，原水泵运行；原水箱液位检测为高的时候，外接设备停止供水。

⑵、原水泵与加絮凝剂供给泵联动。

⑶、原水泵在开始运行的同时，浓水阀打开，开始排放浓水，2分钟后，一级高压泵自动启动，浓水阀自动关闭，停止排放。

《GP用户手册》word版

Pro-face GP承蒙使用日本Digital公司Pro-face GP系列触摸屏工业图形显示器产品，万分感谢。

在开始使用GP之前，请认真阅读本手册的有关说明。

本手册对GP产品的硬件特性、连接及初始化设定等内容作介绍。

警告：为了安全、正确地使用该装置，请遵守下列准则。

* 因为存在触电的危险，因此在连接电源线到GP上时，确保电源线没有接通电源。

* 由于GP内部装有高电压部件，当拆解该装置时，可能会引起触电，不要拆解GP。

* 不要使用超过电压范围的电源。

使用超过指定电压范围的电源，可能会损坏GP。

* 在有可燃性气体的环境中不要使用GP,否则可能引起爆炸。

* GP使用一个锂电池用来支持内部时钟数据。

如果错误的更换电池，可能引起爆炸。

为了避免危险，请不要自己更换电池。

当需要更换电池时，请与天任联系。

* 在涉及生命或有重大灾难的情况下，不要使用触摸屏键。

应使用单独的开关。

* 当GP与它的主控制器之间的通信出现错误时，请设计你的系统以便机器动作不会出现错误。

如果不这样，人有受到伤害的危险并且有可能损坏设备。

预防措施：* 不要用硬的或重物碰撞触摸屏，或用太大的力量按触摸屏，因为可能会导致无法修补的损伤。

* 如果放置GP的环境温度超出了规定的温度范围，GP将可能被损坏。

* 在GP的内部，不允许有水、液体或金属物质，否则会使GP损坏或触电。

* 避免减少GP的通风空间，或在易升温的环境中存放、使用GP。

* 避免在阳光直射、灰尘多、肮脏的环境中存放使用GP。

* GP是精密仪器。

注意不要对GP有大的冲击或振动，否则仪器容易损坏。

* 不要使用油漆，有机溶剂或强酸复合物擦拭显示器。

* 因为可能会有无法预料的事情发生，请对您的画面数据做备份。

GP系列触摸屏工业图形显示器用户手册目录第一章技术条件1.1一般规格 ---------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2功能特点 ---------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3GP各部分名称 ----------------------------------------------- 10 1.4外形尺寸 ---------------------------------------------------- 10 第二章安装与接线------------------------------------------------ 12第三章OFF-LINE（离线）方式3.1 进入OFF-LINE方式 ------------------------------------------- 15 3.2 主菜单 ---------------------------------------------------- 16 3.3 初始化—标准操作 -------------------------------------------- 16 3.4 自诊断—标准操作 -------------------------------------------- 16 3.5 画面数据传送 ---------------------------------------------- 17 第四章初始化4.1 初始化屏幕 ------------------------------------------------ 18 4.2 初始化项目 ------------------------------------------------ 18 4.3 系统环境设置 ---------------------------------------------- 19 4.4 I/O设置 -------------------------------------------------- 22 4.5 PLC设置 -------------------------------------------------- 26 4.6 初始化存储器 ---------------------------------------------- 29 4.7 时间设置 -------------------------------------------------- 30 4.8 屏幕设置 -------------------------------------------------- 30 第五章G P运行方式和出错信息5.1 进入运行（RUN）方式 ---------------------------------------- 31 5.2 问题解决 -------------------------------------------------- 31 5.3 自诊断 ---------------------------------------------------- 34 5.4 出错信息 -------------------------------------------------- 37第一章技术条件日本DIGITAL公司的Pro-face GP系列产品，目前有GP70和GP77两大系列。

国外有机合成实验室手册

Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLab ManualGuidelines, Procedures, & RequirementsUpdated: October 2010Written by Xile HUDisclaimer: This is not an original publication. The information used in this manual is collected from various online sources with the aid of Internet searching tools. To follow good practices of others, many paragraphs were taken directly from existing research lab manuals without modification. The author does not claim any copyright ownership of this manual, which solely serves to guide the activity of his research group. Despite all efforts, some information/guideline described here might not be 100% accurate. The author bears no responsibility for any consequence that the use of this manual in other research labs arises.1Contents Introduction (4)Philosophy (4)Administration (4)Additional points for Ph.D. students (5)Description of Lab Jobs (5)Lab Protocols I: Reading, Writing, and Presenting (7)I-1. Lab Notebooks (7)Sample Notebook Page (7)I-2. Literature reading (9)Guide and tips for literature reading (9)I-3. Attending seminars at EPFL (10)I-4. Group meeting (10)I-5. Publishing your work (10)Authorship (10)A. Who are the authors (10)B. The order and responsibility of authors (11)What and when to publish (11)Writing of the paper (11)I-6. Presentation in Conferences (12)Lab Protocols II: Safety, Instrumentation, and Lab Operation (13)1. Laboratory safety (13)1. 1. General considerations. (13)1.2. Acquisition, storage, and transportation of chemicals. (13)1.3. Use of chemicals (14)Highlights: ........................................................................ E rror! Bookmark not defined.Common Explosion Hazards .......................................... E rror! Bookmark not defined.Toxicity Hazards .............................................................. E rror! Bookmark not defined.1.4. Forbidden unattended experiments ........................... E rror! Bookmark not defined.1.5. Authorized unattended experiments (16)1.6.WASTE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT (16)1.6.1. Disposal of Pyrrophoric Materials (16)1.7. In case of accident or solvent spill (17)FOR ANY CASE OF EMERGENCY CALL 115 (17)2. Schlenk Procedure—Using the Vacuum Line (18)I. Schlenk Techniques (18)II. PROCEDURE: (19)3. Glove box (22)4. Solvent Purification System (27)5. NMR (27)6. GC, IR, UV-Vis, Rotovap (27)7. GC-MS, MS (27)8. Elemental analysis (27)9. X-Ray (27)10. Pumps (27)211. Cleaning Glassware (28)11.1. General Group Glassware (28)11.2. Frits (28)11.3. NMR Tubes (28)11.4. Syringes/Needles (29)Main References (30)3IntroductionThis manual contains the general guidelines for the research activities in our lab. A perspective lab member should agree to follow this manual before deciding to join the lab. In particular, every lab member needs to follow strictly the safety practices, as stated in the EPFL safety guidelines, and this manual. Group job descriptions and assignments are included, and will be updated periodically. Guidelines for the reading of literature and the writing of lab notebook and publication are outlined. Protocols for the use of Schlenk lines, glove boxes, cleaning of labwares are described. Procedures for the use of lab and institutional facilities, such as solvent purification system, IR, UV-Vis, NMR, GC-MS, GC, MS, X-Ray, Elemental Analysis, are presented.PhilosophyThe research in my group is expected to be TEAM WORK oriented. Each member of the group will get to work on her/his separate and independent project. Additionally, each researcher is supposed to contribute their individual abilities to help the other members of the group to successfully accomplish their goals or gain new skills. This way we are hoping to work as a highly competitive group in our field of research and to build lasting friendships among the members of the research team.First law of research: how much you put in your work is how much you get out!Third law of research: those who help always get the help from others!Administration•At EPFL and Switzerland, a contract can be terminated anytime within the first 3 months of your arrival. Keep in mind that you will be evaluated during this grace period, onwhether you can execute safe and competent practices in the lab.•Any new lab member need to get safety training from EPFL. Find out how you can do it from our safety officer or from HU.•Please notify HU if you will not be in the lab for more than 4 hours during working hours for any reasons.•Please notify HU if you cannot attend a group meeting for any reason.•Please notify HU at least 2 weeks in advance for any of your vacation plans. Exception may be granted in a case-by-case scenario.•Please notify HU for any ordering. Keep a record of what you have ordered and what have arrived in excel format. Search different suppliers to obtain the most economicalresources.•All chemicals and glassware are shared within the group.•Please notify HU if you want to submit samples to institutional services (except NMR).4Additional points for Ph.D. students•Make sure you keep track of the requirements of the doctoral school. Know when you need to submit your progress report, have your qualify exam, etc. Ask Anne Lene if you have questions.•Your initial contract is one-year and it is subject to annual renewal. In the 9th month of your first year, a decision will be made whether to continue supporting your study. Youwill be evaluated against your potential of receiving a Ph.D. from EPFL. The academicperformance of senior Ph.D. students in the lab can serve as a reference.•Consult HU before you enroll in any class.•Keep track of your teaching credits.•Learn a bit of French so you may TA francophone undergraduates after 2 years.Description of Lab JobsThe following group jobs are assigned to one or two specific member(s) of the group. Safety Officer: Monitor lab activity and take appropriate actions to comply the safety regulations. Organize the lab for safety visits. Monitor the waste collection and disposal process. Monitor the time that waste is in your personal area so that it is not there longer than the maximum allowable time. Answer the questions raised by the other group members in terms of safety training and practice.Solvent System: For the person in charge, train new lab member and reload the solvents. For every user, always record use, notify those in charge of system if tanks are low, monitor gas level, and use good practice by following solvent system manual located next to apparatus. Chemical Inventory: Make sure the inventory is up to date. Inform new lab members how it works. Store all public labwares and chemicals.Rotary Evaporator: Maintain rotovap and area and keep all glassware associated with the rotovap safe. Train new lab membersGC: Maintain the instrument and train new lab members. Keep the area clean.FTIR, IR Cells: Maintain IR and cells, train new lab members. Keep the area clean. Electrochemistry Equipment: Maintain the instrument and train new lab members. Keep the area clean.UV-vis and Cells, fiber optics: UV-vis area is kept neat and UV-vis is kept working.5Photolyzer: Maintain the instrument and train new lab members.Cafeteria: Defrost and clean out fridge every 3 months. Clean the coffee machine every 2 weeks. Maintain the cafeteria area.Printers: Keep printers functional. Replace cartridge when it runs out.High pressure NMR: Maintain setup for high pressure NMR. Train new users in the group.Liquid nitrogen refill (every Monday)Green GloveboxParallel synthsizerThe following group jobs are assigned to everyone who uses the corresponding equipments.Dry Boxes: Regenerate once the O2 or H2O level is too high (O2 > 3 ppm, H2O >5 ppm) or every 6 month. Check and change the regeneration gas tank after use. Change pump oil after each regeneration. Check gloves periodically.Hoods: Police the hood areas to keep clean and check the fume hood survey card periodically to make sure they do not need to be serviced or inspected.Balances: Check on and keep area clean near all balances, calibrate when necessary, and make sure they are always balances using bubble meter on the machine itself.Base Baths: Clean and refill base baths periodically (as needed). Ask a senior lab member for refill procedure if unclear.Ovens: Label any glassware going in to the oven with your initials and try to keep oven use to a minimum.Computers: Keep computer updated and functional.6Lab Protocols I: Reading, Writing, and PresentingI-1. Lab Notebooks1.1. Maintaining a clear, well organized, and up-to-date lab notebook is critical for (a) keeping track of our experiments for your thesis, (b) any publications/ patents that you will write and (c) enabling future generations of students to reproduce your work.1.2. General instructions for keeping a lab notebook are as follows.1.3. Use only non-erasable ink in your notebook.1.5. Write the reaction/experiment clearly at the top of each page. If you are following a published procedure, indicate the reference from which the procedure was obtained.1.6. Make a table including each reagent, its molecular weight, the measured quantity – g (or mL), mol, and eq – used in the reaction, and the commercial source/purity of the reagent.1.7. Write a detailed experimental, including the rate/order/time/temperature of addition of each reagent and solvent, and, where appropriate, any color changes that take place during the reaction. Also, detail all work up procedures and TLC data (where appropriate) for the reaction.1.8. Be sure to weigh the product and determine the % yield for all reactions!!1.9. Sample name for NMR/IR/GC/GC-MS/X-ray/Elemental Analysis etc should be always the same. It should be labeled according to the notebook number, page, and sample they refer to. For example, xhu10124 would refer to Xile Hu notebook #1, p. 12, sample #4.1.10. Everyone is responsible for backing up their data on Zip disks or CD’s.1.11. A sample lab notebook page is shown below.Sample Notebook PageDate: 9/14/2004Reference (if applicable)Procedure• Pd(OAc)2, PhI(OAc)2 and 8-methylquinoline were placed in a 20 mL vial in that order. Acetic acid (8 mL) was added. Mixture is a clear suspension with yellow solids at bottom of vial.• Placed in oil bath at 100ºC and heated for 1 hr. After 5 min, color changes to black.7• Removed vial from bath and allowed to stand at 5 min at room temperature. Opened and removed ~10 mL for GC analysis.• GC (GC1, mss short method) shows 8% starting material (retention time 4 min) and 80% of a new peak at 6 min. Other unidentified peaks were observed at 7 and 9 min (5% each). GC labeled xhu10124. (Notebook 1, page 012, 4th sample)• Rotovapped vial to dryness. Some of the material bumped into the rotovap trap. Recovered material by rinsing the trap with acetone (3 x 5 mL). Some remained stuck in the rotovap trap. • Dissolved reaction mixture in methylene chloride. Ran TLC’s in 40%/60% and 50%/50% and 60%/40%hexanes/ethyl acetate. Optimal conditions were 50%/50% hexanes/ethyl acetate (product rf ~ 0.2).• Mistakenly dropped vial on bench and spilled approximately 1/4 of material. Yield is expected to be low as a result.• Rotovapped to dryness and redissolved in 50% hexanes/50% ethyl acetate• Loaded onto silica column (50 g silica, wet-packed in 50%/50% hexanes/ethyl acetate), and collected 100 fractions. Every other fraction was TLCed and fractions 7-9, 11-14, and 32-47 (each of the three spots were collected and rotovapped to dryness. Obtained 114 mg of fractions 7-9, 10 mg of fractions 11-14 and 212 mg of fractions 32-47.• GC’s of each set of fractions were obtained: Fractions 7-9: mss27.002; Fractions 11-14:1mss27.003; and Fractions 32-47: 1mss27.004. Each appears to be pure.• 1H NMR spectra of each fraction was obtained in CHCl3. Fractions 7-9: xhu10124_1; Fractions 11-14: xhu10124_2; and Fractions 32-47: xhu10124_3.Conclusions from 1H NMR and GC analysis:Fractions 7-9 are iodobenzene with some other solvent impurities.Fractions 11-14 contain aromatic and aliphatic peaks. Need to do more analysis to figure out what this is.Fractions 32-47 are the expected product. No solvent is present.Molecular weight of product: 213.2 g/molAmount Expected: 275 mgAmount Obtained: 212 mg% Yield: 77% yieldAnother reference to the writing of lab notebook can be found at:/wipf/GLPs.html8I-2. Literature readingIt is important to keep up on the current literature in your field, particularly as it relates to your project. Note that reading the literature is critical not only to learn more about your project/area of research but also to get you prepared for upcoming seminar speakers, proposal writing, orals, local and national and international conferences, writing your own papers, and ultimately getting a job!Guide and tips for literature reading2.1. You cannot expect to read everything.2.2. Try to read papers that are (i) the most interesting to you and (ii) the most relevant to your and the group’s research projects.2.3. No one has time to read the entire text of every article. Read the abstract and introduction and then try to discern the major point of the paper from the Figures and Schemes. If you find something especially interesting or unclear consult the text for further details. Keep in mind when writing your own papers that these are the sections that are usually the most read.2.4. Whenever possible, discuss with others what you have read! This will solidify your general knowledge as well as improve your understanding of what you have read.2.5. Take particular note of papers that describe selective reactions. These are the most useful in synthetic chemistry and the most difficult to find by traditional searching techniques.The following are journals that you should read each week and are appropriate sources for your academic learning:Journal of the American Chemical SocietyAngewandte Chemie International EditionChemistry – A European JournalChemical CommunicationsThese journals contain useful reviews that you should keep an eye on:Chemical ReviewsAccounts of Chemical ResearchChemical Society ReviewsDepending on your project (inorganic, organometallic, bioinorganic, etc.) you should read every issue of the following journals (they are often bi-weekly):Inorganic ChemistryOrganometallicsOrganic LettersFor these journals, the best way to keep yourself up to date is to sign up for TOC Alerts by which the publishers send you an email when a new issue is published.9You should read papers on other journals if they are relevant to your particular research. They are often found in the references of the papers you have read, or by a database search engine such as SciFinder, Web of Science, or Beilstein (Discovery Gate).I-3. Attending seminars at EPFLOne of the best ways of keeping yourself updated with the current research is to attend research seminars. Therefore, group members are strongly recommended to attend the scientific lecturesat ISIC. These include but are not limited to seminars given by outside speakers (professors, research directors, etc.), CUSO seminars, ISIC seminars, etc. It is especially important that you attend the seminars related to your research field (in a broad sense). You are encouraged to raise questions after the seminars.I-4. Group meetingGroup meetings are held weekly (except when HU is out of town). The group meeting is a forum for the group members to discuss results and obtain new ideas. All group members are encouraged to participate in the discussions. Presentations in the group meeting are good practices for your future presentations in conferences, qualifying exams, thesis defense, and even job interviews! The group meeting is meant to be provocative, so you can be prepared to face the real world when you leave the group. You may be challenged, or may be asked to answer very simple questions that you would feel offended. Keep in mind that this is just to ensure your intellectual growth, and nothing is personal.I-5. Publishing your workWe follow the American Chemical Society's ethic guideline for the publication of our research. See: /userimages/ContentEditor/1218054468605/ethics.pdf. In addition, the ACS style guide may be followed. /styleguide/AuthorshipFrom time to time, questions about authorship arise. The group follows the ACS guidelines and common practices of reputed labs.A. Who are the authors"The co-authors of a paper should be all those persons who have made significant scientific contributions to the work reported and who share responsibility and accountability for the results. Other contributions should be indicated in a footnote or an “Acknowledgments” section." (ACS ethical guideline)"Generally speaking, all authors of a publication should have made significant and substantial intellectual contributions to the work being reported. ... If a colleague prepared buffers or did routine computer programming, these contributions should be acknowledged, but they are not10sufficient contributions for authorship. General discussion with colleagues or within research groups is rarely sufficient for inclusion in authorship. Despite some arbitrariness in defining what constitutes a significant intellectual contribution, the guiding ethical principle is clear and should be adhered to." (ACS style guide)"Not everyone who contributes to a research project should necessarily be granted coauthorship on the resulting papers. Every listed author should have contributed substantially to the project with respect to its conception, the design and/or performance of the experiments, the analysis of the results, and/or the drafting of the manuscript describing the project. All authors (and especially students!) should participate in critical reading and approval of the final manuscript submitted for publication. Each author should understand the research problem and should be able to offer an intelligent discussion of the entire project from the perspective of his/her own involvement in it. There should never be any “courtesy authors,” who may have been selected because of previous or future efforts in this research area or who are considered to add credibility or prestige to the publication (or to themselves), or for any other reason. Those who provide services such as statistical advice or routine analytical/administrative support should not be granted authorship but can be thanked in the acknowledgments." (Cell, 2006, 126, 823-825).B. The order and responsibility of authors"A question that often arises concerns the order of the authors’ names. This is not really an ethical issue, and practice varies from place to place. Most often the first author is assumed to have made the major contribution to the work, and the senior and/or corresponding author is listed last. However, many variations to this theme exist, such as putting the authors in alphabetical order. In some cases, the specific contributions of each author are described. ... Authors should not become obsessed with this matter. Ultimately, a researcher’s scientific reputation rests on the totality of publications and the significance of contributions to the field." (ACS Style guide)."It is often said that all authors are responsible for the entire content of a manuscript. This is a meritorious ideal, but unrealistic. Most manuscripts have multiple authors, and very often, a single author is responsible for only a portion of the work being presented. A more realistic assessment of what authorship implies is that each author should have read the manuscript carefully and understood the findings, but the technical responsibility is only for the area in which a given author has the appropriate expertise. The responsibility of the corresponding author is to ensure that all authors have approved the manuscript before submission and for all subsequent revisions." (ACS Style guide).What and when to publish"Research should be published in a timely manner when enough work has been done to yield significant results." (ACs Style Guide) HU will discuss with the lab member(s) about publications case-by-case and make the executive decisions. A lab member is welcome to suggest and take the lead in preparing a new publication.Writing of the paper11In general, the first-author of the paper is expected to write the main part, and coordinate the other co-authors to complete a complete version of the first draft.Consult the papers that have been published by our group, as well as those in the literature (if they are well-written) for how you can assemble your research findings into an acceptable publication.Note: Plagiarism is strictly forbidden in our group and in the whole academia! Avoid it at any cost. Never copy a whole sentence or even several phrases from other papers, books, etc. into your paper or thesis. This includes your own previous papers and the old papers of the group, as self-plagiarism is also prohibited. The only exception for the latter is that when you write your Ph.D. thesis, you can insert the papers of which you are the main author.I-6. Presentation in ConferencesDue to financial and time concerns, you may attend a scientific conference only if it is related to your work and you have enough results to present, either in the poster or better in the oral form. On top of this, there is a limited budget available for travels for the whole lab. HU will make the decisions case-by-case. If justified, your meeting expense will be covered by the lab budget. If you insist on going to a meeting that does not meet the above criteria, you will have to pay for the expense on your own and the time you spend on the meeting is counted as your vacation. Send HU a copy of your presentation (poster or oral) ideally 2 weeks, but at least 1 week before the conference. You are expected to revise it according to the feedbacks, and you may be asked to do a rehearsal for your oral talks.Dress professionally for your presentations.12Lab Protocols II: Safety, Instrumentation, and Lab Operation1. Laboratory safetySafety first! Everyone working in the lab must first consult the EPFL's Rules of Hygiene, Safety and Environmental Protection (see appendix 1). Below are some summaries of this booklet.1. 1. General considerations.1.1.1. Each group member (Ph.D., Postdoc, visiting scholar) need to get a safety training from EPFL. If you are not notified by the safety office of EPFL for this training, please ask your safety delegate how to sign up for the training.1.1.2. Lab goggles/safety glasses must be worn at all times while working in the lab. Thisis extremely important because even things seem pretty common and safe (e.g., using the rotovap, placing glassware under reduced pressure) can lead to accidents. Furthermore, it is hardto foresee the danger of other people's lab manipulation while you are in the same room, and thus safety precautions need to be taken. This applies also to those who wear normal eyeglasses – you need to wear a pair of goggles/safety glasses on top of it.1.1.3. Do not wear your lab coat or your gloves in your desk, or the office area.1.1.4. Do not wash your gloves with organic solvents (Latex or nitrile gloves are permeable to acetone, for instance). More information on gloves, see page 12 of the safety booklet of EPFL.1.1.5. Know where safety showers and eye washes are located. Know how to use them. Consult your safety officer if needed.1.1.6. Know where the fire extinguishers are located. Know how to use them. Consult your safety officer if needed.1.1.7. Try not to work alone, especially if you are doing chemistry of sensitive compounds outside of the glovebox. This does not include office work in isolated area.1.1.8. Check the MSDS or other safety information for a chemical you are working, especially if you have concerns.1.1.9. The window of the fume hood is must be kept closed as soon as the need of accessto it is over1.2. Acquisition, storage, and transportation of chemicals.See section 3.1.4 and 3.1.5 of the EPFL safety booklet (pages 5-6) for rules.13All the chemicals in the gloveboxes should be inventoried according to the box number. All the other chemicals should be stored according to other internal storage methods, e.g., organic/inorganic/acid, carbon numbers, etc. Ask the person in the group who is in charge for chemical inventory if you have questions. All the chemicals are shared by all people in the lab. 1.3. Use of chemicalsHighlights:- Each coworker must have access to the material safety data sheets of his (her) own commercial products and must know how to read it.- It is forbidden to use simultaneously a workplace for storage and for an experiment. (Exemple : a fume hood cannot be a storage place and a place for synthesis).- The use of carbon tetrachloride is forbidden. The use of benzene requires an authorization if no other solvent can replace it.- No more than 100 litres can be stored by laboratory (including wastes) in ventilated safety cabinet.- This is forbidden to store alkali metals and their alloys. A small reserve is available at the chemical shop.- Hydrides, silanes, phosphorus, phosphines, nickel Raney, platinum on carbon and other spontaneously flammable compounds are stocked in suitable flasks (ex. Dessociator) and, if necessary under inert atmosphere or appropriate liquid. Avoid triethoxysilane.- A rule of thumb is that when you use potentially explosive/flammable chemicals, use a small quantity (mg scale). Don't try large reactions before you discuss with HU.- All chemical reactions must be performed under a hood, even when considered harmless.Common Explosion Hazards1. Oxidants in combination with organics can lead to violent exotherms/explosions. Before disposing of large amounts, think of what it may react with and when in doubt place in a separate waste container. Oxidants (e.g., bleach, Cr VI and Mn VII salts, hypervalent iodine reagents, H2O2, etc) should be placed in separate waste from organic reagents/solvents. H2O2 explodes when it is dried. Only use in H2O2 in water; never try to evaporate a reaction mixture in contact with H2O2.2. Oxidizing acids (e.g., nitric acid and aqua regia) can react extremely violently with organics (especially acetone), and the resulting explosions/release of corrosive solutions can lead to serious injury. Acids should always be stored in a separate location from organic chemicals. Additionally, waste bottles for acids should be clearly marked and placed in a separatelocation from organic waste. This will prevent mistakenly pouring acid waste in with organics (which is the most common cause of this type of explosion). Aqua regia should not be usedby students who have not be trained by the group safety officers on properprecautions for usage and disposal.143. Perchlorate salts can explode without warning, especially when concentrated in the presence of organics (once again, ClO4 is a strong oxidant!). Always use a blast shield when concentrating mixtures containing these salts and avoid the use of the ClO4 counter anion whenever possible.4. Metallic lithium/Al/Cs should never be placed in N2 filled dry boxes or under a nitrogen atmosphere on your line. A violent and highly exothermic reaction will result from spontaneous “Li3N” formation.5. Remember that something as common as flash chromatography columns are run under high pressure and can crack/explode unexpectedly.6. The condensation of liquid O2, liquid N2 and solid Ar in traps on your vacuum line can lead to explosions. See the vacuum line safety section for further details.Be careful with azides. Azides can explode under turbulence. When you collect azides 7.from a frit, do not scratch the wall or bottom of the frit to get more products. Scratching may lead to explosion. If you have to work with azides, use small amounts. Never heat an azide unless it is dissolved in solution. Be careful not to let all the solvent evaporate. Do not heat to high temperature. Let HU know if you need to work with azides.NaN3 is not compatible with certain heavy metals; It reacts with acid to form hydrazoic acid. Be careful.NaN3 reacts with halogenated solvents to form explosive diazomethane. Never use NaN3 in chlorinated solvents.8. Be careful with tert-BuLi. Avoid it if you can. If you cannot, let HU know before you use it. In principle, you can only use it in the glove box. Tert-BuLi burns violently when encountering air. Do not use tert-BuLi in THF and ether. It burns.9. Pyrolytic materials: follow recommendation of Aldrich Bulletin Al-134 (also on our website, the research page).Pd over Carbon catalysts are known to be flammable. So it is normal if one sees fire 10.when working reaction up. This is probably why some people use Pd/C that contains water. Water is compatible with this catalyst. So when you do hydrogenation reaction using Pd/C, be cautious. I think Heron and Oleg have some protocols for how to handle this situation. Pd/C with methanol is a dangerous combination, so should be avoided. With EtOH might be work. In any case, make sure you are aware of the danger and be ready for any small fire. In particular, work in the hood where there are no other flammable materials nearby (such as solvents, reagents). Have quick access to water to put out a small fire.Toxicity Hazards• Thallium salts (e.g., TlOEt).• Alkyl mercury salts (e.g., HgMe2). Warning: never use HgMe2.15。

GP-10培训教材(1)

说明谁负责保存这些说明审核周期
文件
说明当审核中发现不
符合项时如何处理
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标准资料
列出所有被保存的，与所作测试有关的标准程序（即 GM、SAE、ASTM、FBMS、AMS、ISO、ANSI等）
说明如何保证这些程序是最新版本说明程序审核体系以及如何记录成文如果在您的公司中的某处使用一些标准的复印件，解
如何将样品与抽样本体的批号或标识相关联
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测试方针
5. 报告的追溯 6.说明当测试显示进货材料、过程中的零
件或最终部件不符合规范要求时所遵循的程序
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实验室人员的培训方针
1.描述培训程序（正式或非正式的）
新雇员新测试程序或购买新设备使测试人员保持资格的计划
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测试方针
1.说明您全部作业中所有测试的运作结构（即零件与材料进货测试、过程中的测试、最终的审核测试、特殊测试等）
说明对上述各方面测试负责的职位包括实验室的工作流程图说明您报告测试数据的体系
2.说明当发现测试数据有错时应遵循的程序
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释您对这些资料的控制和更新方法的体系
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III. 试验测量设备
提供一份用于所有材料和性能测试设备的完整的和详细的清单，如有可能使用表格。介绍测试设备以便通过阅读实验室手册能容易地了解您的测试能力。
名称、制造商、型号内部标识号设备所在地操作手册的所在地设备用途

GP3高频实验指导书-学生用 (1)

高频实验箱使用说明一、技术性能1、电源：输入：AC220V±10%输出：DC：+5V,-5V，-8V，+12V，-12V 最大输出电流均为200mA。

2、低频信号源：输出波形：方波、三角波、正弦波幅值：0V~14V频率范围：分四档10HZ～100HZ、100HZ～1KHZ、1KHZ～10KHZ、10KHZ～100KHZ3、高频信号源：输出波形：方波、三角波、正弦波幅值：0V～4V频率范围：分四档30KHZ～300KHZ，300KHZ～3MHZ，600KHZ～6MHZ，2MHZ～20MHZ4、频率计频率测量范围：100Hz～50MHz输入电平范围：100mVrms～2Vrms测量误差：≤±20ppm(频率低端≤±1Hz)输入阻抗：1MΩ/10pF5、电路实验板，可完成十二项高频电路实验二、使用方法1.将标有220V的电源线插入市电插座，接通开关，电源指示灯亮表示学习机电源正常工作。

2.连接线：实验箱面板上的插孔应使用专用接线，该连线插头可叠插使用，插入时顺时针旋转即可锁紧，松开时反向旋转即可拔出，注意：不能直拔。

3.实验时先阅读实验指导书，在断开电源的状态下按实验路线接好连接线，检查无误后，再接通主电源。

4.根据实验板线路要求接入相应的电源时必须注意电源极性。

三、维护及故障排除1.维护（1）防止撞击跌落。

（2）用完后拔下电源插头并盖好机箱，防止灰尘、杂物进入机箱。

（3）做完实验后要将面板上插件及连线全部整理好。

（4）搭接线路时不要通电，以防误操作损坏器件。

2.故障排除（1）电源无输出：实验箱电源初级接有0.5A熔断器。

当输出短路或过载时有可能烧断，更换熔断管时，必须保证同规格。

（2）信号源异常（无输出等），检查实验板接线或更换相应器件。

注意：打开实验板时必须拔出电源插头。

实验一调谐放大器一、实验目的1、熟悉电子元器件和高频电路试验箱。

2、熟悉谐振回路的幅频特性分析--通频带与选择性。

GP实验室手册实例DOC

实验室手册2014年1月1日发布2014年1月1日实施宁波胜利汽配有限公司发布文件修改记录实验室手册A/01.1标识页次：1/25 1.公司标识1•名称：2.地址：3.电话号码：4.DUNS 号码：/5.Z-号码：/2.程序编号和标识年代号文件分序号文件顺序号编写部门代号文件类别代码企业名称缩写代码企业标准或文件代码编审实施日期组织结构图编审批实施日期实验室手册A/02.2标定方针页次：9/25附页：1. “标定日期-到期日”标签禁用证NO :起始日期年月曰校验人：实验室手册A/02.3测试方针页次：10/251目的2. “校准”标签3. “使用前校验”标签校验合格NO:校验日期年月曰校验人：4.“每季度（半年、每年）”校验标签5. “未标定-不可使用”标签校验合格NO :有效期年月曰校验人：未标定-不可使用NO:有效期年月曰校验人：6. “禁用”标签7.“封存”标签4.1.3出厂测试负责人：负责控制顶棚的剥离力、阻燃性能测试（引用过程控制的物理性能测试数据），出具报告，确保产品合格后方可交付顾客。

4.1.4型式测试负责人：负责组织定期的进行产品的从气候储存到尺寸测试、剥离力性能测试等整个项目的测试。

4.1.5产品审核测试负责人：负责制订产品审核计划，进行产品测试，出具产品审核报告的整个工作，确保产品制造过程的稳定性。

4.1.6顾客有特殊要求的按顾客的要求，对产品进行测试，其结果必须供顾客评审。

4.1.7对本实验室无法实施的测试项目，应委托外部实验室进行。

外部实验室必须有证据证明其可以被顾客接受，或通过ISO/IEC 17025或等同的国家标准的认可。

4.1.8实验室工作流程图4.2测试数据有错时应遵循的程序通过设备运行记录表、测试结果，及时发现测试数据有无异常。

如发现异常，按下列程序进行确认得出结论，采取相应措施并记录。

4.5.1对保留样品进行分类编号存放，编号并记录在检验报告备注栏中，便于追溯。

一个GP数据操作范例

好了，继续做下面的实验
使用os用户bonc用户启动gpfdist 服务
nohup gpfdist -d /data/etl_data -p 8082 -l /home/bonc/gpfdist.log&
使用gp库用户user1在bi_ods_all库下创建只读外部表
drop external table if exists stage.ts_mytest_r_external;
$body$
declare
v_schemaname varchar(40) := 'stage'; --这个东西没有使用到，纯粹无聊
begin
--清空表
EXECUTE 'TRUNCATE TABLE stage.ts_mytest;';
--进数据
insert into stage.ts_mytest(caa,cbb,ccc,cdd) select caa,cbb,ccc,cdd from stage.ts_mytest_r_external;
【在虚拟机上实验数据导入导出】
#20130104 黄春宝编写
#gpadmin用户是greenplum的超级用户
gp启动：
切换到gpadmin用户下，执行
gpstart
gp关闭：
在gpadmin用户下，执行
gpstart
【注意】
1、每次关闭虚拟机之前一定要先执行gpstop关闭gp。
bi_ods_all=> \q
步骤4、授权用户使用外部表
[gpadmin@mdw gpseg-1]$ psql -d bi_ods_all -U gpadmin -h 192.168.170.180 <<--使用gpadmin用户来授权给用户使用外部表

GP管理手册

5.6 管理评审:除满足【QM-01 质量管理手册】要求外，连同以下要求一起被保持实施。 5.6.1 管理评审频次:管理评审以会议形式进行,一年一次。 5.6.2 管理评审的内容: 1）审核结果（包括内部审核、客户审核和第三方审核）。 2）顾客回馈。 3） HS 消减计划的实施结果、HSF 过程管理计划的业绩和 HSF 产品的符合性。 4） HSF 预防和纠正措施的状况。 5）以往管理评审的跟踪措施。 6）可能影响有害物质过程管理体系的变更。 7） HSF 政策的适宜性及文件评审结果。
4 质量管理体系 4.1 总要求： 4.1.1 本公司按照 QC080000：2005 标准的要求建立有害物质过程管理体系，形成文件，加以保持，并予以保持其有效性。为了实施有害物质过程管理体系，各部门依以下要求实施： 1）识别公司使用的有害物质，并形成文件。 2）识别并管理与 HSF 目标相关的特殊过程。 3）确定这些过程的顺序和相互作用，所有的管理人员应以“过程方法”建立和完善有害物质过程管理体系。识别每一活动、记录、设施、方法的形成性后，明确每一过程的输入和输出，并将所需要的过程顺序和各过程的相互关系形成文件，见【支持性文件及职能分配一览表】（附件一）。并形成文件的【有害物质过程管理计划】（附件二） 4）建立标准，以客观地确定公司的 HSF 过程管理的有效性。每一过程的输出应是下一过程的输入，为使过程结果（输出）达到规定要求，各部门在制定文件化的程序时还应确定确保过程的控制方法和输出的判断或接受准则以及判断的方法。判断准则在不能定量时应能做出定性的判断。顾客要求应在所有的过程输出上得到体现。所有的控制方法和判断准则都应形成文件。对一些无须形成文件的过程，应对其输出
2）通过体系的实施，包括持续改进和预防不合格的过程及产品，增强顾客满意； 3）本手册适用于公司有害物质过程管理体系的所有部门。 2. HSF 政策凯普金业电子科技（(昆山)有限公司，是一家制造单双面、多层柔性印制线路板的公司，本公司为了恪守对地球环境与人类生命安全维护之责任，全力推行QC080000:2005，制定如下有害物质过程管理政策：

GP手册2006 A

散热片FIN
金属盖子COVER/PLATE
金属片BLOCK/BASE
弹片Spring
金属组件
金属材料
铝材AL
铜材Cu
不锈钢SUS 301
不锈钢SUS 304
不锈钢SUS 430
马口铁SPTE
镀锌钢板SECC
冷扎钢板SPCC
其他
五金零配件
铆钉
铆柱
其他
添加油
冲压油
去渍水
表面处理Surface Treatment
4.2文件化要求
为确保公司GP体系运行的有效性及一致性，应建立一套体系文件，以规范
GP管理活动。
4.2.1通则
4.2.1.1本公司GP体系文件包括：
a.GP目标文件化的叙述
b.本GP手册
c.符合GP标准要求的程序文件及其相关的必要记录
d.公司为确保体系过程有效规划，运行与管制所需的文件及其相关的必要记录。
6. 1职责和权限
a.GP组织图（附件一）
b.总经理
a）负责贯彻国家有关质量方面的法律、法令和规范。
b）制定GP管理方针，建立和完善公司的GP体系，定期进行管理评审。
c）任命GP管理者代表。
c.品管部：
a）组织编制GP手册、负责编写涉及本部门的GP体系运行中的文件。
b）公司GP体系文件、资料的统筹管理。
GP手册
此手册为联德公司的版权文件，未经联德公司
的预先批准，不得复印其整个或部分文件,翻者必究.
发行单位
总经理室
发行日期
2006-05-12
生效日期
2006-05-12
核准
审核
制订
.前言
1、公司概况：
成立日期：2003.年3月

GP-10 training(090525) GM 对供应商实验室的资质评估和认可资料

什么是GP-10
• GP-10，即供应商实验室的评估
和认证程序。针对通用汽车的零件和材料供应商 • 根据GM顾客的特殊要求，建立在 ISO17025的基础上
2009-5-25
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3
ISO17025
NATA 澳大利亚国家检测机构协会 UKAS 英国认可服务机构 A2LA 美国实验室认可协会 CNAS 中国合格评定国家认可委员会
38
2009-5-25
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安全带卷收器耐久试验
每5次循环应使卷收器锁止一次，锁止次数在5种不同拉出长度上应相同，即拉出缠绕在卷收器上织带长度的90％、80％、75％、70 ％、65％。
2009-5-25
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盐雾试验
①不清楚试样的摆放要求 ②未对盐溶液进行PH值控制 ③两个收集器的放置不符合标准要求,缺少对积集量的测量 ④温度
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二、实验室的技术能力
Ø
实验室自身能力，包括原材料、性能试验和寿命试验
Ø Ø
零件分供方试验能力外委试验方能力
主要根据试验标准、检查清单中的技术要求部分针对供应商提交的认可清单逐一进行评估包括：人员培训试验设备设施与环境试验方法样品处理报告等
2009-5-25
GP-10培训
SGM/ SQE 唐云峰
2009-5-25 上海通用汽车有限公司 1
GP-10培训
Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø
一、GP-10的背景、意义二、GP-10的流程三、GP-10的基本要求与方法四、实验室问卷表五、实验室手册六、GP-10常见问题
2009-5-25

GP-10实验室认证相关文件

改证明材料。否则评审结论转为不通过
5.无变化实验室复审方式优化针对无变化实验室，SGM选择使用第三方资源或供应商提交文件资料方式进行复审。当采用后者方式时，对按《供应商实验室运行监督审核文件清单》提交资料有不诚信行为的供应商实验室直接降为C级，发抱怨 PRR;
一、 GP-10基本规定-文件
1.实验室调查问卷
2.实验室手册
3.申请项目清单
Hale Waihona Puke 4.自查表5.整改报告1
GP-10最新要求
3.现场评审快递响应供应商应在零件认证工程师提出要求后，于15分钟内出具相应资料或文
件。否则判此项评审内容为不符合
4.整改及时性评审结论为带条件通过的供应商应在一个月内完成实质性整改并提交整