Unit4课文译文
unit4 课文翻译
有太多的规则！在早晨6:00，我妈妈说： “现在起床并整理你的床铺！”早饭后， 我的妈妈总是说：“不要把脏盘子留在厨 房里！”洗碗盘子后，我因为不能迟到 而跑向学校。在学校，我们有更多的规则— —不要吵闹，不要在课堂上吃东西。。。。 我的爸爸说放学后我不能打篮球，因为我必 须做家庭作业。我仅仅在周末能玩。晚饭 后，我也不能放松。我在看电视之前必须 先读书。但是十点前我得上床睡觉。规则， 规则，规则！太可怕了！我能做什么，万 事通博士？ 莫莉。布朗 纽约 亲爱的莫莉：
我知道你感觉怎样。人们总是告 诉我们“不要这样做”或者“你 不能那样做”，但是考虑一下这 样的事，莫莉。你可以做许多事 情。你可以在周末打篮球。你可 以在读书后看电视。父母和学校 有时是严格的，但是记住，他们 制定规则是为了帮助我们。我们 不得不遵守他们。
人教版英语必修3课文翻译(Unit4)
尽管科学家努力确保万无一失，但是意外还是可能发生。苏联“联盟11号”和美国“挑战者”号航天飞机上的所有宇航员都在执行任务时死亡。这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的渴望却从未停止过。是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。仍在工作的一个例子是国际空间站。它绕地球运转，并有来自不同国家的宇航员在宇宙飞船上，为太空提供了持续的人类存在。
新人教选择性必修一Unit 4课文翻译(英汉对照)
新人教选择性必修一Unit 4课文翻译（英汉对照）Listening to How Bodies Talk倾听身体的诉说We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过肢体语言来表达我们的想法和观点。
通过观察别人的肢体语言，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。
言语固然重要，但是人们站立、抱胳膊、挥动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.就像口头语言一样，肢体语言也存在着文化差异。
Unit4ForceofNature课文翻译
Unit 4 Force of NatureBarbara Goldsmith1. While I was a teenager growing up in New Rochelle, New York, I had up on my bulletin board a photo of Marie Curie sitting under an elm tree, her arms wrapped around her daughters, two-year-old Eve and nine-year-old Irene. I didn't know very much about Curie beyond the basics: She and her husband had discovered radioactivity. She was the first person to win two Nobel prizes. She was brilliant, single-minded, a legend. I was just a girl with little direction, more drawn to words and made-up stories than to formulas and lab experiments.2. Looking back, I think I admired that photo so much, not because of Marie Curie and what she stood for but because she seemed so exotic —or maybe because of how her arms encircled her girls. My own mother lay in the hospital, recovering from a grave injury in a car crash. I wanted her to hold me, but she couldn't. So, instead, I idolized Marie, who in my mind became the strongest and most capable woman in the world.3. Like any girl's fantasy, mine contained at least a shred of truth. Marie Curie's own daughters grew into accomplished women in their own right, though their mother was obsessively engaged in her research before they were born. Curie was what we might today call a super-competent multi-tasker: Her work revolutionized the study of atomic energy and radioactivity, and she's one of a pitiful few female scientists whom schoolchildren ever study. Also she was a woman driven by passions, fighting battles much of her life with what a doctor now would probably diagnose as severe depression. In the end, her most brilliant discovery proved fatal for both her and her husband.4. When Curie was 10 years old, in 1878, her mother died of tuberculosis. The Polish girl then known as Manya Sklodowska carried on with her schoolwork as if nothing had happened, but for months she'd find places to hide so she could cry her eyes out.5. At age 18, she landed a job as governess to a wealthy family near Warsaw. She wound up falling in love with Casimir Zorawski, an accomplished student of 19 with whom she shared a love of nature and science. But when Casimir announced that he and Manya wanted to marry, his father threatened to disinherit him. She was beneath his station, poor, a common nursemaid. Definitely no. Four years dragged by. Finally, Manya told Casimir, "If you cannot decide, I cannot decide for you." In what still seems to me a remarkable act of courage, Manya then gathered her meager savings and took a train to Paris, where she changed her name, enrolled at the Sorbonne —and walked into history.6. In 1893, she became the first woman to earn a degree in physics at the Sorbonne. If you have ever seen the 1943 film Madame Curie, you know the broad brush strokes of her early experiments to find a mysterious, hidden new element. There's a scene in which actress Greer Garson, as Marie, stirs a boiling vat, her face glistening with sweat. Late at night, Marie and her husband, Pierre, enterthe lab to see a tiny luminous stain congealed in a dish. "Oh, Pierre! Could it be?" exclaims Marie as tears roll down her cheeks. Yes, this was it —radium!7. The reality was a lot grittier —and a lot less romantic. Marie and Pierre, whom she married in 1895, did indeed work side by side late into the night. But their lab was so shabby and dank that their daughter Irene, at age three, called it "that sad, sad place". And one prominent scientist said that had he not seen the worktable, he would have thought he was in a stable.8. In time, the Curies became world famous, especially after they won a Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 for the discovery of radioactivity. They were the toast of the European scientific community, feted lavishly and visited at home in Paris by acolytes who came from as far away as New Zealand to pay homage.9. For the Curies, though, their triumph contained the seeds of their tragedy. Remember, they worked around radioactivity nearly every day. Even before winning the Nobel, Pierre was severely ill from exposure to this fierce energy. He had open sores on his hands and fingers, and increasing difficulty walking. In 1906, he fell into the path of a wagon drawn by two huge draft horses, and a wheel ran over his head. He died instantly.10. Years later, Eve Curie, scarcely a year old when her father died, wrote that Pierre's death marked the defining moment in her mother's life: "Marie Curie did not change from a happy young wife to an inconsolable widow. The metamorphosis was less simple, more serious. A cape of solitude and secrecy fell upon her shoulders forever." Marie was just 38. The Sunday after the funeral, instead of staying with family and friends, she retreated to the lab. In her diary she wrote Pierre: "I want to talk to you in the silence of this laboratory, where I didn't think I could live without you."11. The work that Marie and Pierre had begun went on after his death. A second Nobel in chemistry went to Marie alone for isolating the elements radium and polonium.12. With the onset of World War I in 1914, she recognized that mobile X-ray8 units could save lives in battlefield hospitals, so she established a fleet of these vehicles, known as petites Curies, or little Curies. She and Irene drove one themselves.13. Later she went back to the Radium Institute she established, teaching, traveling and lecturing until her death, at age 66, on July 4, 1934. The cause was aplastic pernicious anemia, most likely due to her long, devastating exposure to radium and other radioactive elements.14. The Marie Curie that I discovered was no icon but a flesh-and-blood woman. She conquered huge professional obstacles but paid a terrible personal price. I know now how complex her life was -- truly glorious and tragic.Chinese Translation of Paragraphs1. 十几岁的时候，我生活在纽约州新罗谢尔市。
Unit4课文原文与翻译(素材)牛津译林版八年级英语下册
译林版八班级下册英语课文及翻译UNIT 4英中对比版ic stripHave you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?霍波，你打算了要怎么处理这些书吗？Not yet.还没有。
Give them to me then.把它们给我吧。
OK, I didn't know you liked books!好的，我不知道你喜爱书！Oh yes. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.哦，是的。
我需要用他们垫高让我能够着冰箱上面的盒子。
Wele to the unitWhat are you reading, Daniel?丹尼尔，你在看什么？I'm reading a book about Germany in World War II.我在看一本关于其次次世界中的德国的书。
I'm interested in history books. They improve my knowledge of the past.我对历史书很感爱好。
它们关心我提高历史方面的学问。
But I think they're boring.但是我认为他们很枯燥。
What do you like to read in your spare time?你闲暇时间喜爱看什么？I like reading novels and plays. The Hunchback of Notre Dame by the French writer Victor Hugo is great.我喜爱看小说和戏剧。
法国作家雨果的?巴黎圣母院?很棒。
I've read that book. The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me.我读了那本书。
Unit4冀教版英语八年级下册课文原文及翻译点 (中英文对照版)
冀教版英语八年级下册Unit4课文原文及翻译中英对照版Lesson 19 How Do You Use the Internet?你们怎么使用网络？How does the Interent help you,class?同学们，网络怎么帮助你们呢？I like to use the Internet to read about sports and technology.我喜欢用网络阅读体育和科技。
With the Internet, we can learn about almost anything.有了网络，我们可以学习更多的东西。
I used to have a desktop computer,but now I have a tablet.我过去有一个台式机，现在我有了一个平板。
It has no keyboard or mouse,so it is easy to carry.它不需要键盘或鼠标，所以拿起来很方便。
Now I can use the Internet anywhere!现在我随处可用网络了！I like chatting with my friends online.我喜欢和朋友在线聊天。
We use video chat!我们使用视频聊天！I use the Internet to blog about donuts.我用网络来写多纳圈的博客。
There are 500 people following my blog!我的博客有500个关注者！Some of us are planning to organize a Donut Club.我们中的一些人计划组织多纳圈俱乐部。
If we want to have a meeting,I can send the invitation online.如果我们想组织聚会，我可以在网上发布邀请。
It’s quick and easy.很方便快捷。
2020新译林版高中英语选修第一册unit4课文翻译(英汉对照)
Unit4 Fun with scienceReadingThe human microbiome: an invisible microuniverse人类微生物群系:一个看不见的微宇宙What organisms live with us, make up about two per cent of an adult's body mass, yet are invisible to the naked eye? They are the estimated 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body, like bacteria and viruses, which compose the human microbiome!什么生物和我们共生，约占成年人体重的2%，而肉眼却看不见?它们是生活在我们体内和体表的约39万亿个微生物，比如细菌和病毒，它们构成了人类微生物群系!不过没必要恐慌，因为它们大多数都是对健康有益的。
尽管极其微小，这些微生物会以巨大的意想不到的方式影响我们的身心。
But there is no need to panic, for most of them are there to keep us healthy. Even though incredibly small, these microorganisms influence our body and mind in big unexpected ways.So, where do these microorganisms come from? Well, they have always been a part of us. Our very first birthday gift-three quarters of the essential microorganisms we need to survive and grow-is from our mother when we are born. By the time we reach two years old, we have our very own personal collection of microorganisms that reflects the various circumstances of our lives. Going through life, we further expose ourselves to foreign microorganisms, which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day. However, our core set of microorganisms, approximately two thirds, stays fairly constant throughout our lives.那么，这些微生物是从哪里来的呢?其实，他们一直是我们的一部分。
unit 4课文翻译
Unit4 I used to be afraid of the darkA_3aFrom Shy Girl to Pop Star 从害羞的女孩到流行歌星For this month’s Young World magazine, I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Ca ndy Wang. 为了这个月的《青年世界》杂志,我采访了19岁的亚洲流行歌明星王坎迪。
Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyn ess. 坎迪告诉我,她过去真的很害羞,于是她开始唱歌来对付她的害羞。
As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then for the whoUnit4 I used to be afraid of the darkAs she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then for the whole school.当她变得好一点的时候,她敢在全班同学面前唱歌,后来为全校同学唱歌。
Now she’s not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds. 现在她不再害羞了,并且她喜欢在众人面前唱歌。
2I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous. 我问坎迪成名之后的生活有何不同。
She explained that there are many good things, like being able to travel and meet new people all the time. 她解释说有很多事情,比如可以一直旅游和结交新朋友。
人教版高中英语必修四Unit4课文翻译
人教版高中英语必修四Unit 4课文翻译Unit 4 Body language―Reading―COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?交际：没有问题了吗?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students. 昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。
They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. 他们来北京大学学习。
我们会首先把他们带到宿舍，然后去学生食堂。
After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. 站着观察了他们一分钟后，我便走过去跟他们打招呼。
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼?加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅?史密斯。
Unit4课文翻译
课文翻译Unit 4Activity 1摩根·里斯一直是一位不错的生意人。
他曾有过属于自己的加油站，而且一直都很忙。
当他65岁时, 也就是正常的退休年龄时，他决定不想停止工作，所以他又接着干了两年。
结果在他快68岁的时候，他妻子多利让他退休，希望能和他一起共度晚年的时光。
所以他非常不情愿地把业务交给了自己的儿子。
但是他并不高兴。
他不知自己该怎么办。
尽管他读了很多的书，而且也和妻子一起去一些好玩的地方去度假，但是他感到很无聊，并且由于讨厌退休而开始变得压抑沮丧。
在这之后的一天，他在报纸上看到了一则广告，也没有告诉他妻子，他就买下了一家小陶器厂。
一周后他才告诉家里人。
他们为此感到惊讶，而且有些担心。
大家认为他不能以71岁高龄再重新开始工作了。
现在他76岁，已经显著地扩大了公司的规模。
公司的员工人数从6人增加到24人，而且他还开发了很多新客户。
他也开拓了出口市场，利润增长200%。
他还开办了一家新的设计室，并且聘用了三名年轻人。
他们一直世界各地四处发掘新的信息，其中的一位本周已经去了法国参加一次重大的商品交易会。
最为重要的是，自从他收购了这家工厂后，他便不再感到没事可做。
Activity 12一种更为平静的生活？我离开学校后，开始卖双层玻璃，我并不喜欢这份工作。
最后我的一个顾客失去了她的工作，因为她的孩子病得很厉害，他也不能去上班。
而那家人没有钱了，于是他们想解除合同。
我的老板便起诉了这位顾客。
我觉得这家公司只在乎钱，这太过分了。
于是我就辞职了。
我去当地一家报纸想找份工作。
编辑说，现在“去给我采篇稿子来”。
我从办公室出来碰巧看到三辆警车和一辆救护车疾驰而去。
我便跟着它们，发现了一起大事故。
就在这时，另外一辆车从街角驶出，撞倒并碾过那两位受伤者，同时还撞上了正在拦截车流的警车。
我便写了一篇报道“恐怖的死亡之角”，然后我就得到了那份工作。
对于一个记者来说，最糟糕的莫过于你总得去寻找一些不好的事情来报道。
资料《Unit4课文原文与翻译(素材)译林版八年级英语上册》
译林版八年级上册英语课文及翻译UNIT 4英中对照版UNIT 4Comic stripThat's your new house, Hobo.这是你的新房子，荷布。
Great. What should we do?真好。
我们应该做什么？Here are clear instructions.这里有清楚的说明书。
Read them first.先看看吧。
All right. What's next?好吧。
下一步是什么？You'd better get some tools.你最好拿一些工具。
No problem!没问题！Shall we start?我们可以开始了吗？No. I can't help you. It says, "Do it yourself."不。
我帮不了你。
上面说：“自己动手做”。
ReadingMy cousin and DIY我的表弟与DIYMy cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY.我的表弟安德鲁是DIY发烧友。
He loves to repair things and decorate his house.他喜欢修理东西和装饰他的房子。
But when he finishes, the house always looks terrible!但是当他完成时，房子看起来总是很糟糕！He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake.有一次他试图把一盏更明亮的灯放进他的卧室，但他犯了一个错误。
Then his w hole house had a power cut.然后，整座房子都断电了。
Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water.还有一次，他想要在卧室墙上挂一幅画，但是他敲裂了水管，弄得房间里到处都是水。
人教版英语必修1课文翻译(Unit4)
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
地球的不眠之夜
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a.m., on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one millionpeople were asleep as usual that night.
Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were inshock—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again. Evenmore buildings fell down. Water，food，and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space Alien课文译文
第四单元爱因斯坦的成绩令人超级惊讶，以致有时人们几乎想把他看成是外星人，而不是一般的地球上的人。
可是，在某些方面他可被看成是他那个时期的产儿。
爱因斯坦是外星人吗？托尼·菲力普斯阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦筋疲力尽。
持续三个晚上，他幼小的儿子汉斯哭闹不断，让全家人直到黎明都无法入眠。
当阿尔伯特终于能够打个盹儿时，已是他起床上班的时候了。
他不能一天不上班。
他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。
他快步地走到专利局，在那里他是一个三等技术专家，阿尔伯特忧虑他的母亲。
她年纪愈来愈大，愈来愈虚弱。
她不同意他与迈尔娃的亲事，婆媳关系紧张。
阿尔伯特看了一眼途经的商店橱窗，他看到自己头发凌乱，他又忘了梳头了。
工作、家庭、维持生计----阿尔伯特感受到了一名年轻的丈夫和父亲所有的压力和责任。
他想放松一下，却使物理学发生了冲破性进展1905年，在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年，26岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要的论文中的五篇——这些论文都是在他的“业余时刻”写的。
他证明了原子和分子的存在。
1905年之前，科学家们对此没有把握。
爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态显现（后来被称为“光子”），从而为量子力学奠定了基础。
他把狭义相对论描述为：空间和时刻犹如一般织物中的线，他提出，这些线可弯曲，拉伸和交织在一路。
哦，顺便提一下，E = mc²。
在爱因斯坦之前，最近一名迸发出如此制造性思想的科学家是艾萨克·牛顿爵士。
情形发生在1666年，为了躲避在剑桥暴发的瘟疫，牛顿去母亲的农场隐居。
由于没有什么更好的事情可做，他便成立了万有引力理论。
几个世纪以来,历史学家称1666年为牛顿的“奇迹年”。
此刻这些词语有了不同的意义:爱因斯坦和1905。
联合国已经宣布2005年为““，以庆贺爱因斯坦“奇迹年”显现100周年。
现代流行文化把爱因斯坦刻画成一名长着蓬乱头发的超级思想家。
听说他的思想不可思议地远远超过其他科学家。
他必然是从其他星球来的——或许就是牛顿长大成人所居住的那个星球。
人教新目标八年级上册英语Unit4课文翻译
人教新目标八年级上册英语Unit4课文翻译人教新目标八年级上册英语Unit 4课文翻译Unit 4 Section A 1a 部分翻译Language Goal: Discuss preferences; Make comparisons语言目标：讨论喜好；作比较1a How do you choose which movie theater to go to? Write the things in the box under "Important" or "Not Important".1a你如何选择去哪家电影院？把方框中的单词分成“重要的”和“不重要的”两栏。
comfortable seats舒服的座位new movies新电影big screens大屏幕close to home离家近best sound声音效果最好buy tickets quickly快速购票cheap便宜的popular受欢迎的Important重要的Not Important不重要的Unit 4 Section A 2b部分课文翻译Listen again. Write the correct store or radio station next to each statement.再听一遍录音。
在每句话旁边写出正确的商店或电台名称。
Clothes stores服装商场Miller's米勒服装店Dream Clothes梦想服装店Blue Moon蓝月亮服装店It's the most expensive.它最贵。
Unit 4 Section A 2c部分课文翻译Student A,you are the reporter. Student B,you are the boy. Role-play a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.学生A是记者。
(完整word版)课文全文翻译参考译文u4
U4:THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH 英语的未来In the middle of sixteenth century, English was spoken by between four and five millions of people, and stood fifth among the European languages, with French, German, Italian, and Spanish ahead of it in that order, and Russian following. Two hundred years later Italian had dropped behind but Russian had gone ahead, so that English was still in fifth place. But by the end of the Eighteenth Century it began to move forward, and by the middle of the Nineteenth it had forced its way into first place. To-day it is so far in the lead that it is probably spoken by as many people as the next two languages—Russian and German combined.在16世纪中叶，有四五百万人说英语，说英语的人数在欧洲的语言中名列第五。
前四位依次是法语、德语、意大利语和西班牙语。
俄语排在英语之后。
两百年以后，意大利语排名落后，而俄语的排名靠前了，英语依然处于第五位。
到了18世纪末，英语的地位开始上升。
到19世纪中叶，英语已经跻身于第一位了。
今天，英语的地位遥遥领先，说英语的人数可能达到说后两种语言，即俄语和德语人数的总和。
Unit Four 课文翻译
四、What Is Happiness?1、The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth cetificates, but no one seems quite which way it ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to being welldeceived.” The felicty of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift say society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。
正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。
乔纳森•斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。
因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。
2、It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to heaven when we possess enough.当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。
3、And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them-and to create them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read “You Auto Buy Now.” There were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have. Automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next year’s models were released.同时，美国的商业主义却又殚精竟虑故意使我们得不到幸福。
人教版高一英语必修一unit4 课文翻译和知识点详解
Unit 4 EarthquakeA night the earth didn’t sleepStrange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks （n. 裂缝）in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farm-yards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to（太。
而不能）eat. Mice（mouse的复数）ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual（像往常一样）that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had began. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than 2 hundredkilometers away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling. The railway tracks were now useless piece of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of(代替，取代) water. People were shocked. Then,later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last（宾语从句）.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.词汇：1.飓风hurricane 龙卷风tornado台风typhoon 干旱drought2.警报alarm 潮湿的humid 湿气humidity 现象phenomenon3.摇；震动shake 爆炸burst 废墟ruin损害injure4.破坏destroy 无用的useless 使震惊shock 地震quake/earthquake5.救援rescue 灾难disaster短语：1.雷电交加thunder and lightning 温室效应weather forcast2.全球变暖global warming 立刻，马上right away3.平静下来calm down 爆发burst out4.突然burst into 废墟in ruins5.挖掘dug out 分发，发出give out6.为。
课文全文翻译参考译文u4
In part, of course, its spread has been due to the extraordinary dispersion of the English-speaking peoples. They have been the greatest travelers of modern times, and the most adventurous merchants, and the most assiduous colonists. Moreover, they have been, on the whole, poor linguists, and so they have dragged their language with them, and forced it upon the human race.当然，英语得到普及，部分原因是说英语的人分布极广。他们是现代最热衷旅行的人、最敢冒险的商人、最执着的殖民主义者。除此以外，他们总体上学语言的能力很差，所以，他们走到哪里，便把自己的语言带到哪里，并将之强加于人。
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Unit 4
Main Reading
研究随时间流逝而变得更令人兴奋
威廉·D·菲利普斯
几乎从记事起我就对科学萌生了兴趣，到大约五岁时，我就收集了家里用过的装东西的瓶子作为自己的“化学器材”。
我用父母给我的显微镜观察可以找到的任何东西。
科学仅仅是我童年时为之着迷的事情之一，其他的还有钓鱼、棒球、骑车和爬树。
然而随着时间的流逝，显微镜和化学比棒球棒、钓鱼竿和橄榄球头盔更吸引我的注意力。
记得在我十岁以前，我就决定要把科学作为我的终身事业，而且以一种非常有限而天真的眼光开始欣赏物理学的简单与美丽。
我在我们家屋子的地下室有一个试验室，我全然不知石棉、电和紫外光的危险，花了很多时间在那儿试验火、炸药、火箭和碳弧。
我父母并不直接参与我的科学试验，他们对我的试验持宽容的态度，甚至在家里的电路因我超负荷用电而全部短路时也是如此。
他们总是鼓励我，给我探索、学习和娱乐的自由。
上高中时，我从精彩的科学和数学课堂上得到快乐和收获，但回想起来，那些重点培养语言能力和写作技巧的课程，对我后来拓展自己的科学生涯，和科学和数学课一样重要。
我敢肯定，我高中参加的辩论赛有助于我日后更好地作科学演讲；有关写作风格的课帮助我写出更好的论文；而学习法语则大大促进了我后来跟克劳德·科恩-唐努吉的研究团队富有成果的合作。
读高中时的第二个暑假，我在特拉华大学打工做试验。
那是一次很好的经历，我从指导我的那位研究生那儿明白了一个重要的道理，他告诉我说，“一个实验物理学家就是把嗜好当作工作来谋生的人。
”
在朱尼亚塔学院，我开始真正理解数学和物理学之间的联系。
作为物理学前提的微积分既是一项挑战，又是一大乐趣。
这时我开始领略到物理学和数学中的美与统一，而此前我却无法欣赏。
在朱尼亚塔我开始了电子自旋共振的研究，而在阿尔贡国家实验室度过的一学期加深了我对这一课题的理解。
这一经历帮助我成功进入麻省理工的丹·克莱普内尔研究团队攻读研究生，在那里我主攻磁矩的精密测量。
但是，在享受着能比所有前人都更精准地测量物体的激动之时，我又为刚刚进入我们实验室的可调谐染料激光器所震撼，因为我感到，它代表着实验物理学新的特征。
在丹·克莱普内尔的鼓励下，我开始了一项新的实验，用激光激发钠原子来研究它们的碰撞特性。
我用两种非常不同的研究经历完成博士论文，两种经验都对后来的岁月很有价值。
为此我要感谢丹，但更要感谢他的言传身教：你可以在尖端领域从事物理学研究，与世界上的顶尖高手竞争，又保持开放的、人性的和合作的态度。
在麻省理工完成了两年博士后研究后，我到位于盖瑟斯堡的国家标准局供职。
这既得益于我的强项：从事精密测量的经历，又出于可以得到花部分时间进行激光试验的考虑。
于是，我一边从事精密电气测量，一边开始设计一项用激光冷却和捕获原子的实验。
我们实验室以及世界各地其他实验室原子捕获与激光冷却技术的发展为原子物理学的研究打开了一条新的通道，它带来了从具有前所未有的精确性的原子钟到玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚诸领域的巨大进展。
我时刻都感到这项研究变得越来越激动人心，作为从事研究的物理学者，满足感不仅来自学习新的、意想不到的事物，而且来自跟一个团队一起学习：一群来自全世界的实验室怀有相同理想的科学家——从这些男男女女身上我学到了如此多的东西，能把他们作为朋友（来信赖）我感到很幸福。
Related Reading
如何当一名成功的科学家
鲍尔·萨加德
对科学技术所进行的历史学、哲学、社会学和心理学方面的研究已经采集到科学发展重要例证的诸多信息。
这些例证通常会涉及最有成就的科学家和发明家，例如达尔文、爱因斯坦和爱迪生。
然而案例研究鲜有探讨究竟是什么原因使得这些发明家比众多默默无闻的科学工作者更有建树。
有两大关于如何取得科学成就的信息来源。
一项来自杰夫·施雷格2001年3月在弗吉尼亚大学科学技术认知研究研讨会上主持的调查。
他要求被调查对象列出“高创意人群的7个习惯”，他和我在研讨会后，把与会的知名史学家、哲学家和心理学家提供的“习惯”编撰成文。
我的第二个有关科学成就要素的信息来源，是桑提亚戈·拉蒙·依·卡哈尔、彼德·梅达沃尔以及詹姆斯·沃（特）森等三位分获诺贝尔奖的知名生物学家所给的建议。
这些生物学家提出的建议通常跟研讨会与会者的回答形成互补。
在杰夫·施雷格要求研讨会参与者就“高创意人群的7个习惯”提交答案时，我有些疑惑，担心答案会比老掉牙的“工作勤奋”和“聪敏好学”好不到哪里去。
但结果答案却相当有趣，杰夫和我它们编撰整理成文。
建立新联系
许多有成就的科学家并不把自己的阅读范围限制在自己当下所做研究的特定领域，而是十分广泛，包括自己从事的领域之外的论文著作。
这使得他们能够把握当下面临的问题与固有问题的相似性，从而提出新的解决之道。
同时用不同的方法应对不同的项目有可能找到完成这些项目的新方法。
正如赫伯特·西蒙经常倡导的，研究者不应该跟在众人身后做人人都在做的事情，因为这样很难有任何创新之举。
期待出人意外的成果
当出现出人意外的实验结果时，对研究者很重要的是要认真对待这些结果，而不是置之不理。
这时才会有从失败的实验中吸取经验教训的可能性，不是放弃，而是从局部的失败中振作起来，从出人意外的发现中找到继续研究的方向。
成功和不成功的试验都能让人受益良多。
科学家需要专注于关键问题而不是在细枝末节上分心。
他们还需要保持研究的系统性，对成功和失败都要有详尽的纪录。
坚持不懈
“先证实，后反证”这条清规戒律与卡尔·波普尔有关方法论的建议背道而驰：波普尔认为，科学家应该勇于为自己的观点争辩。
但前者可以使得一项研究课题开展下去，而不会因出现显见的反证使一项前景看好的实验半途而废。
激情昂扬
很少有可能让科学家就做什么项目来一番成本-收益分析，但依照本能做有趣和令人兴奋的课题则可以使他们获得动力、保持专注。
科学研究并不仅限于完成实验和提出假设，而是要求从一开始就设计一项课题，来回答某个在理论与实践两方面都富有趣味的问题。
趣味、兴奋以及避免枯燥可以为努力工作和从事创造性而不是日常活动提供动力。
用思想和工具进行试验本身就会给人带来快乐。
冒险去做非常规性的研究会产生失败的恐惧，但如果一个科学家想要朝着高度创新的方向前进，就必须掌控、处理好这种情绪。
与人为善
今天的大多数科学研究都是合作性的，因此由精明强干的合作者组建成高效的团队尤为重要。
团队成员不应该都是同一专业领域或气质性情的，而应该由来自不同知识领
域、掌握不同研究方法的人组成。
科学家还可以从观察其他研究者如何取得成功，从倾听榜样人物如何进行研究而获得收益。
最后，假如你不花时间用妙笔美文和趣味宣讲与他人进行有效的沟通，做研究就没有什么意义。
利用世界
科学不仅仅是一个心理（学）的和社会（学）的过程，还包含了与世界的互动。
科学家能够通过发现优良的研究环境和建造探索这些环境的工具而获益。
检验思想/观点不仅仅是一项得出假设结果的逻辑过程，而是还包含了与外界的互动，以此决定其是否具备这些假设与之关联的特性。
要确认上述习惯确实是引领科学家走向成功的秘笈，恐怕还要做大量的实证性研究。
要做到这一点就必须建立一个庞大的科学家数据库，普通科学家与知名科学家的信息都要收录其中，并要涵盖能说明不同习惯与不同事业成就程度的所有的纪录。
最好的例子之一当属詹姆斯·沃（特）森，他因在DNA结构的发现中所起的重要作用荣获1962年的诺贝尔奖。
1993年詹姆斯·沃（特）森在庆祝双DNA螺旋状结构发现40周年宴会后的谈话中说，要想在科学领域取得成功，你需要的远不止是运气和智慧，他提出了成功的四要素：善于学习、敢冒风险、能合群、还要“绝不做任何令人感到乏味之事”。