科技英语翻译4

“直译”练习
Any friction between two surfaces results in a temperature rise of the materials. 两个表面之间的任何摩擦都会导致材料的温度升高。 The rivets contract as they cool, drawing the plates together. 铆钉随着冷却而收缩，从而使钢板紧紧地压在一起。 And the direction in which the sound is traveling tells the bat where the meal is located. 同时，声音传播的方向能告诉蝙蝠食物的位置。
转译为宾语-- S + be done +prep
Passive voice: S + be done +prep. +O→O+ do+ S（P263） Attachments are usually not included with standard machine. 通常，标准机床不包含附件 附件。 附件 Sound absorbing material has been used in walls and ceiling. 墙壁和天花板使用了吸音材料 吸音材料。 吸音材料
转译为定语—have 谓语句
Have 作谓语的句子中，其宾语常常为了符合 表达习惯转译成汉语的主语，而原句的主语 相应的转译成译文中主语的定语。 见P265-（2） Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好钟的钟摆可以自动补偿温度的变化。
转译为谓语
适用情况：There be +动作性名词；动作性名词+系表结构；动作性名 适用情况： 动作性名词；动作性名词 系表结构； 动作性名词 系表结构 被动语态， 词+被动语态， 如： 被动语态 Attempts were made to find out a method for increasing productivity. 我们曾力图寻找 力图寻找一种提高生产率的方法。 力图寻找 .It is already dark, and the chorus of insects and frogs is in full swing. 天已经擦黑，虫鸣蛙叫 虫鸣蛙叫，一片喧闹。 虫鸣蛙叫 Since the lines of magnetic force converge and diverge, there is the necessity for a component Br.（P262-ex-2) （ 由于磁力线的回聚和发散，就必须需要 必须需要一个分量Br。 必须需要 Attempts have even been made to rename the robot. （P262-ex-2) 人们也一直在尝试 尝试给机器人重新命名。 尝试
转译为定语--系表结构+介词短语 （usu. in)
当介词的宾语转译成汉语的主语时，原句的主语转 译成定语 见课本P265(3) An atom of oxygen is 16 times as much as an atom of hydrogen in weight. 一个氧原子的质量相当于一个氢原子质量的16倍。 A semi-conductor material is poorer than a conductor in conductivity. 半导体材料的导电性比导体差。
谓语的译法
直译（见p266)
练习
转译为主语 转译为宾语 转译为定语或状语 省译（参见p268)
转译为主语
适用情况：谓语动词可动名转用，或与名词相关 适用情况：谓语动词可动名转用，或与名词相关(devise, base, characterize等）参见 等 参见P267 In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky. 黎明时，天空映出了燎望塔的轮廓。 Most U. S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions. 美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。 Some of them were already planning to staff a Humnhrey Administration in the event the Democratic candidate won an election. 他们中间有些人，已经在为民主党候选人一旦获胜后的汉弗莱政府计划 人事安排。
转译为宾语-- There be 结构
Above the Curie temperature there is no spontaneous magnetization.（P263） （ ） 在居里温度以上，没有自发的磁化 自发的磁化。 自发的磁化 Up to now, there have been three main options for encoding a message.(p264-6) 迄今为止，消息的编码有三种主要的选择。 三种主要的选择。 三种主要的选择
转译为定语
当句子中的谓语可动名相互转用或含义与名 动名相互转用或含义与名 词相关时，谓语有时转译成主语，而主语则 词相关 转译为定语. The wings are responsible for keeping the airplane in the air. 机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。 机翼的 The experiments are designed to validate his theory. （P265-ex-1) 这些试验的设计是用来证实他的理论的。
转译为宾语—it +be +pp+that 从句
转译成无主句或泛指人称代词作主语，that 从句转译成宾语从句 （见课本P264) It can be concluded that copper oxide is a more stable compound than mercuric（汞） oxide.(P264-8) （我们）可以断言，氧化铜是比氧化汞更为 稳定的一种化合物。
句子的翻译
Lecture 4
句子成分的翻译
主语的译法 谓语的译法 表语的译法 宾语的译法 定语的译法 状语的译法
主语பைடு நூலகம்译法
照译 转译
转译为谓语 转译为宾语 转译为定语 转译为状语
照译
Hydraulic springs are particularly suited for applications in which high load capacities and stiffness are required. 液压弹簧尤其适用于要求承载能力和刚度很高的地方。 液压弹簧 We can regard the entire weight of a body as concentrated at its center of gravity. 我们可以认为物体的整个重量是集中在物体的重心上。 我们 Installing the electronic units in the ground and leasing telephone wires would cost $ 15 million. 安装地下电子装置和租借电话线就要耗资15,000,000美元。 安装地下电子装置和租借电话线 Introduction of a newly-developed technique will enhance the prospects of success. 引进一项新开发的技术将增加成功的希望。 引进一项新开发的技术 P262-ex-1
转译为宾语（ex-P264)
Several concepts are introduced: decision-making, modeling ,dynamics, feedback, stability and logical design. 这里介绍几个概念：判定、模拟、动力学、反馈、稳定性和逻辑设计等。 Provision is made within the circuitry to limit the transistor voltage. 电路已采取措施 措施来限制晶体管的电压。 措施 See to it that all troubles should be eliminated. 务必要排除所有故障 故障。 故障 No direct electrical connection to the rotor（转子）is provided. 转子没有直接的连接电线 直接的连接电线。 直接的连接电线 provision must be made for dissipating the heat that results from the sliding of surfaces. 必须采取措施 措施驱散因表明摩擦所产生的热。 措施 From this experiment the conclusion is drawn that the theory of oppositely charged particles attracting each other is true. 由这一实验可以得出结论 结论，带异性电荷的粒子相互吸引的这一说法是正确的。 结论
转译为主语
Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. 沸点的定义 定义就是气压等于大气压时的温度。 定义 Tests showed that the cooling air must flow at a rate of at least 17 m/s. 实验表明，冷却空气的流速至少应为17 m/s。 Black holes act like huge drains in the universe. 黑洞的作用 作用像宇宙中巨大的吸管 作用
转译为状语
在英语中表示时间、原因、条件含义的主语汉译时常译作汉 语的状语，见p266.(注意此时的主语具有动词意义或与动作 相关,shortage, result, infected mother) Improved efficiency has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly. 由于效率提高，工厂里出的产品比起以前来，价格便宜多了 The collapse of the dam caused the land being flooded. 由于大坝倒塌，土地因此被淹。 由于大坝 Restricted movement led to an interruption of blood flow. （由于）活动受限（导致）血液流动受阻。
P267-ex-7
The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer. 这一实验的结果 结果是发现了一种治疗癌症的方 结果 法。 The application of surfactant（表面活性剂） aims to simplify work processes. 使用表面活性剂的目的 目的就是简化工作过程。 目的
转译为宾语-- Passive voice: 主宾互 换
Passive voice: 主宾互换，无主句或泛指人称代词作主语 主宾互换， To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed. 为了使火箭各级全部离开地面，需要有一个巨大的第一次推 力。 Work must be done in setting a body in motion.（P263) 使一个物体运动，就必须做功。 Nuclear energy thermoelectric generators are proposed as power sources for the solar system deep space explorers. （P263) 有人建议将核能温差电池用作太阳系远程空间探测器的能源。