科技英语翻译4
大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)
四六级翻译——科技类词汇1.科技园science and technology park2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones3.信息产业IT (Information Technology)4.电器设备electrical appliance5.电子设备electronic device6.电子商务e-commerce7.人工智能artificial intelligience8.先进技术advanced technology9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology10.载人航天飞行manned space flight11.发射成功successful launch12.自然科学natural science13.新兴学科new branch of science14.科技成果research achievements15.科学发展观concept of scientific development16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure19.专利,专利权patent20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture21.物种起源origin of species22.生物工程bio-technology23.基因工程genetic engineering24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)25.技术产权technology property right26.科技含量technology content27.电脑病毒computer virus28.黑客hacker29.垃圾邮件junk mail30.数码科技digital technology31.虚拟社区virtual community32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture33.网民netizen34.克隆cloning 激光laser35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds38.技术创新technological innovation39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces.41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific andtechnological inventions。
科技英语翻译ppt-4-不定式
8. 假设(let)需要求出这个角度(angle)来。
8. Let it be required to find out this angle.
9. 设(let)t0等于零(zero)。
9. Let tO be equal to zero.
10. 这个方程很难解。
10. This equation is very difficult to solve. / It is difficult to solve this equation.
15.
这是一支画(draw)画(picture)的 笔(pen)。 15. This is a pen to draw pictures with. 16. 为了使电流在电路中流动,必须有 什么来驱动它。 16. For a current to flow in a circuit, there must be something to drive it./ something is needed to drive it.
4. 证明这个公式(formula)成立(hold)就留 作为读者(reader)的一个习题。 4. It is left as a problem for the reader to prove that this formula holds. 5. 要执行(execute)的程序贮存(store)在 这一单元中。 5. The program to be executed is stored in this unit. 6. 这山谷(valley)用作为建坝(dam)的基础 (foundation)。
科技英语四级词汇
科技英语四级词汇
科技英语是当前科技领域的重要语言之一。
掌握科技英语词汇对于从事科学研究、技术开发以及与科技相关的工作非常重要。
以下是科技英语四级词汇的完整版。
2. Artificial Intelligence: 人工智能
3. Robotics: 机器人技术
4. Data Analytics: 数据分析
5. Internet of Things (IoT): 物联网
6. Cybersecurity: 网络安全
7. Virtual Reality (VR): 虚拟现实
8. Augmented Reality (AR): 增强现实
10. Genetic Engineering: 基因工程
11. Biotechnology: 生物技术
12. Nanotechnology: 纳米技术
13. Renewable Energy: 可再生能源
14. Artificial Neural Network: 人工神经网络
15. Big Data: 大数据
16. Cryptocurrency: 加密货币
17. Machine Learning: 机器研究
18. 3D Printing: 3D打印
20. Space Exploration: 太空探索
这些词汇涵盖了科技领域的多个方面,帮助人们更好地理解和交流科技相关的概念和技术。
掌握这些词汇将有助于提高科技英语的水平,为从事相关工作打下坚实基础。
(注意:本文档的内容来源于科技领域常见的英语词汇,没有引用无法确认来源的内容。
)。
科技英语翻译-第4章详解
Chapter Four Translation of Prepositions
代词的翻译 第1节 代词的一般译法
五、转译 转译就是将英文原文句子的代词在汉译时翻译成其他词性的词,如转 译为名词或副词,以使译文流畅,更符合汉语的表达习惯。如: What a motor does is to change electrical energy into mechanical driving power. 电动机所起的作用就是把电能转化成机械能。(连接代词what转译为 名词) All of the heat lost by the warmer object in cooling is gained by colder object. 温度较高的物体冷却时所失去的热量都被温度较低的物体吸收。(不 定代词all转译成副词)
Chapter Four Translation of Prepositions
代词的翻译 代词是用来代替名词、名词词组甚至整个句子的词。为了清楚地表达 代词本身的意义以及所代替的词、词组或句子的意义,翻译时,首先 要辨明代词所代替的先行词,以便正确地理解原文;其次要在译文中 采用适当的翻译方法给予正确的表达,避免引起歧义。英语的代词久 类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代 词、关系代词、不定代词、连接代词。其中,相互代词,反身代词和 疑问代词的翻译比较容易、直观,以直译为主,本书不做专门讨论; 连接代词和关系代词将在本书的第七章重点讨论。本书将重点讨论人 称代词、物主代词、指示代词和不定代词。
Chapter Four Translation of Prepositions
代词的翻译 第1节 代词的一般译法
二、还原 所谓还原,就是把代词所代替的名词、名词词组的意思 翻译出来,如: If the bearing were not lubricated ,they would rapidly overheat. 假如轴承未加润滑油的话,轴承很快就过热了。 The construction of the diesel engine is quite similar to that of the gasoline engine . 柴油机的构造与汽油机的构造十分相似。(代词that还 原为名词“构造”)
科技英语课文翻译
科技英语课文翻译课文翻译英语Unit 1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例:设想有这样一群理发师,他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。
假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件,不给自己理发;然而按照要求,他必须要给自己理发。
但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。
(如果这样的话,这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发)1901年,伯特兰罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。
在19世纪后期,弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。
他确立了形式表达式(如:应。
一种类比是救护车的汽笛声会改变音高――当它朝你行驶,然后通过你身边接着朝另一个方向去了的时候――他的声波首先是压缩的,接着伸长这些测量给了天文学家一个关于宇宙在不同历史点的膨胀速度的图景。
研究人员还发现宇宙如今正在以前所未有的速度在膨胀。
“一开始我们不情愿相信我们的结果,”加州大学伯克利分校的劳伦斯伯克利实验室的天体物理学家Saul Perlmutter说,他领导的一个竞争性的小组发现了和Schmidt以及Riess 相同的结果。
x =2)和数学特性(如偶数)之间的联系。
按照弗雷格理论的发展,我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。
1903年,发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。
型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。
就现在而言,这种类们可以用x代表整数,通过n来表示并且n大于3例如,小于我7,来表示x={n4,5,6这样一个集合。
这种集合的书写形势就是:我们也可让:n是整数,y={x:3n7}x是美国的一个男性居民。
集合中的对象并不一定是数字。
}。
求的空间。
但是,罗素(和策梅洛一起)发现表面上看,似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要a中}导致一个矛盾,就像对一群理发师的描述一样。
x={a:xa它本不再身是在x有致命的打击。
尽管这样,他还不能解决这个问题当罗素发现了悖论,的集合中吗?否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译4
1 Hello. My name is Stephen Hawking. Physicist, cosmologist and something of a dreamer. Although I cannot move and I have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free. Free to explore the universe and ask the big questions, such as: is time travel possible? Can we open a portal to the past or find a shortcut to the future? Can we ultimately use the laws of nature to become masters of time itself?大家好,我是斯蒂芬-霍金,是物理学家、宇宙学家及梦想家,尽管身体不能活动,只能通过电脑与大家交流,但从内心中我是自由的,自由地探索宇宙,思考以下重大问题:时间旅行是否可行?能否打开一个回到过去的通道,或找到通向未来的捷径?我们最终能否利用自然规律成为掌控时间的主人?2 To see how this might be possible, we need to look at time as physicists do - at the fourth dimension. It's not as hard as it sounds. Every attentive schoolchild knows that all physical objects, even me in my chair, exist in three dimensions. Everything has a width and a height and a length.为了让这一切从虚幻变成现实,我们应以物理学家的角度来重新审视时间——即第四维。
科技英语阅读翻译
1all elements are composed of scattered units called atoms,which are the smallest particles than show the characteristics of the element. atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged elements ,and electrically neutral neutrons. protons and neutrons, which have almost the same mass,are clustered in the nucleus in the middle of the atom. electrons,which are tiny in comparison to the other units, move around the nucleus at high speed. atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. those that have got or lost electrons,and therefor are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.所有的元素都称为原子的散射单元,这是比显示的元件的特性的最小的颗粒组成。
原子是微小单位的物质组成的带正电的质子,带负电荷的元件和电中性的中子。
质子和中子,它们具有几乎相同的质量,聚集在细胞核内的原子在中间。
的电子,这在其他单位相比是微小的,围绕原子核高速移动。
具有相同的电子和质子数的原子是电中性的。
科技英语翻译
科技英语翻译科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语,是英语的一种变体(科技文体)。
科技英语自70年代以来引起了人们的广泛关注和研究,目前已发展成为一种重要的英语语体。
本节所讨论的科技英语主要指描述、探讨自然科学各专业的著作、论文、实验报告,科技实用手段(包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等)的结构描述和操作说明等。
一、科技英语的文体特点科技英语由于其内容、使用域和语篇功能的特殊性,也由于科技工作者长期以来的语言使用习惯,形成了自身的一些特点,使其在许多方面有别于日常英语、文学英语等语体。
这些特点主要表现在词汇和句法两个层面上:(一)词汇层面(1)专业术语多。
专业术语指某一学科领域所特有或专用的语汇,其词义常不为专业外读者所明白,如cryogenics (低温学)、norepinephrine (新肾上腺素)等。
这些专业术语的特点是:a. 词形较长,大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀。
这类词语的语义范围较为狭窄,意义较为明确固定,符合科技英语准确明晰的要求。
如:nucleonics (核子学),semisomnus (半昏迷),autoradiography (自动射线照相术),excoriation (表皮脱落)等。
b. 多复合词。
人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合词来表示科技发展中出现的新事物,如radiophotography (无线电传真),anti-armored fighting vehicle missile(反装甲车导弹)等。
c. 多缩略词。
为使用便利和节省时间,科技英语同经贸英语一样,也有许多缩略词,如cpd (compound化合物),FM (frequency modulation 调频),telesat(telecommunications satellite通讯卫星)等。
(2)准专业术语和词汇多。
科技英语的翻译——04 常用介词及其用法
常用介词及其用法1.介词不能单独作句子成分,可与它后面的名词、代词或作用相当于名词的其他词、词组或从句构成介词短语,表示一个完整的意义。
介词短语在句子中可以用作定语、状语、表语和宾语(主语)补足语。
从出现的频率来看,作状语的最多,作定语的次之。
[例句] We can only do this for certain kinds of systems with certain properties.[译文] 我们只能对具有某些特性的系统这样处理。
(for作补足语,with作定语)[例句] These radio waves have in common that they are generated and received by circuits composed of wires, radio tubes and various other specialized “radio components”. (做宾语补足语)[译文] 这些无线电波有一点是共同的:他们都是由导线、电子管和其他各种专门的无线电元件组成的电路产生和接收的。
[例句] The result is beyond expectation.(表语)[译文] 结果是出乎意料的。
2.介词与动词、名词、形容词搭配熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是正确理解词义的一种重要手段。
(1)与动词(绝大部分及物)构成短语动词,要求后接宾语。
例如:apply to, consist of, deal with,depend on/upon, relate to, result in, differ from, follow from, lead to, lie in, vary with等[例句] A complex variable s is composed of a real part alpha and an imaginary part beta.[译文] 复变量s是由实部α和虚部β组成。
科技英语课文句子翻译Unit1-10
Sentence TranslationUnit 1Text A1.However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, as people orderbooks and other products to make money transactions.但是,因特网上的交易数量急速增长,人们从网上购书和其他的产品,进行资金交易。
2.They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computers systems runby banks, telephone companies and even government departments.他们用电脑上网,寻找能够进入银行电脑系统、电话公司的电脑系统、甚至是政府的电脑系统的方式。
3.The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a fraudulentmoney transaction on a credit card account.当顾客发现信用卡的帐号上出现了来历不明的消费时,这可能就是安全受到了破坏的第一个标志。
4.The use of credit cards to buy things on the Internet converts the issue of Internet securityinto one of general security.用信用卡在网上购物使网络安全变成了大众所普遍关注的安全的一种5.Few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many areequally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.很多人会在电话里随意报出自己的信用卡号码,同样地,也有很多人不留意交易完成后放在银行柜台上的副本。
科技英语翻译1—4
Types of SustainabilityThe four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, and environmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Although interconnected, it is important to note the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.Types of Sustainability / HumanThe very basic need of human sustainability is good reproductive health and safe childbearing. Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the children should have enough skills and knowledge such that they can sustain their own way of life. It is at that point that they become considered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.Types of Sustainability / EconomicIn simple terms, economic sustainability is having a set amount of capital for a certain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means that we must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings in the future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.Types of Sustainability / SocialSocial capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrust can take over. When that happens, societies and everything else that depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, social sustainability can be achieved.Types of Sustainability / EnvironmentalEnvironmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs. If nature is depleted faster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.Furthermore, environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions are at volumes that nature can handle. If not, all humans and other living things on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.可持续性分类四种可持续性包括人类可持续性,经济可持续性,社会可持续性和环境可持续性。
第五章-科技英语翻译
第1节翻译练习4This type of furnace uses4times more electricity than that type does.这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的4倍。
This rod is4times longer than that one.这根杆比那根长3倍。
The oxygen atom is nearly16times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的16倍。
The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen.氦原子量比氢原子量重3倍。
In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction.滚动轴承的启动摩擦大概是转动摩擦的2倍。
第1节翻译练习5The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times.新型电容器的引线缩短了5/6。
The operation of cost decreased by five times.成本运行降至1/5。
The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four.电损减少了3/4。
The pipe is four times lighter than that one.这根管子重量是那根的1/4。
第1节翻译练习6Weld strength can be increased by45percent.焊接强度可增加45%。
Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by30percent.试验证明能量消耗可减低30%。
【精品】科技英语4低通滤波器原文和翻译
【关键字】精品Words and Expressionsintegrator n. 积分器amplitude n. 幅值slope n 斜率denominator n. 分母impedance n 阻抗inductor n. 电感capacitor n 电容cascade n. 串联passband n 通带ringing n. 振铃damping n. 阻尼,衰减conjugate adj. 共轭的stage v. 成为low-pass filters 低通滤波器building block 模块linear ramp 线性斜坡log/log coordinates 对数/对数坐标Bode plot 伯德图transfer function 传递函数complex-frequency variable 复变量complex frequency plane 复平面real component 实部frequency response 频率响应complex function 复变函数Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换real part 实部imaginary part 虚部angular frequency 角频率frequency response 频率响应transient response 瞬态响应decaying-exponential response 衰减指数响应step function input 阶跃(函数)输入time constant 时间常数first-order filters 一阶滤波器second-order low-pass filters 二阶低通滤波器passive circuit 无源电路active circuit 有源电路characteristic frequency 特征频率quality factor n. 品质因子,品质因数circular path 圆弧路径complex conjugate pairs 共轭复数对switched-capacitor 开关电容negative-real half of the complex plane 复平面负半平面Unit 4 Low-pass FiltersFirst-Order FiltersAn integrator (Figure 2. la) is the simplest filter mathematically, and it forms the building block for most modern integrated filters. Consider what we know intuitively about an integrator. If you apply a DC signal at the input (i.e., zero frequency), the output will describe a linear ramp that grows in amplitude until limited by the power supplies. Ignoring that limitation, the response of an integrator at zero frequency is infinite, which means that it has a pole at zero frequency. (A pole exists at any frequency for which the transfer function's value becomes infinite.)(为什么为极点,为什么低通?)Figure A simple RC integratorWe also know that the integrator's gain diminishes with increasing frequency and that at high frequencies the output voltage becomes virtually zero. Gain is inversely proportional to frequency, so it has a slope of -1 when plotted on log/log coordinates (i.e., -20dB/decade on a Bode plot, Figure 2. 1b).Figure 2.1 b A Bode plot of a simple integratorYou can easily derive the transfer function asWhere s is the complex-frequency variable and is 1/RC. If we think of s as frequency, this formula confirms the intuitive feeling that gain is inversely proportional to frequency.The next most complex filter is the simple low-pass RC type (Figure 2. 2a). Its characteristic (transfer function) isWhen, the function reduces to , i.e., 1. When s tends to infinity, the function tends to zero, so this is a low-pass filter. When, the denominator is zero and the function's value is infinite, indicating a pole in the complex frequency plane. The magnitude of the transfer function is plotted against s in Figure 2. 2b, where the real component of s () is toward us and the positive imaginary part () is toward the right. The pole at - is evident. Amplitude is shown logarithmically to emphasize the function's form. For both the integrator and the RC low-pass filter, frequency response tends to zero at infinite frequency; that is, there is a zero at. This single zero surrounds the complex plane.But how does the complex function in s relate to the circuit's response to actual frequencies? When analyzing the response of a circuit to AC signals, we use the expression for impedance of an inductor and for that of a capacitor. When analyzing transient response using Laplace transforms, we use sL and 1/sC for the impedance of these elements. The similarity is apparent immediately. The in AC analysis is in fact the imaginary part of s, which, as mentioned earlier, is composed of a real part and an imaginary part.If we replace s by in any equation so far, we have the circuit's response to an angular frequency. In the complex plot in Figure 2.2b, and hence along the positive j axis. Thus, the function's value along this axis is the frequency response of the filter. We have sliced the function along the axis and emphasized the RC low-pass filter's frequency-response curve by adding a heavy line for function values along the positive j axis. The more familiar Bode plot (Figure 2.2c) looks different in form only because the frequency isexpressed logarithmically.(根据图翻译这两句话)Figure 2.2a A simple RC low-pass filterWhile the complex frequency's imaginary part () helps describe a response to AC signals, the real part() helps describe a circuit's transient response. Looking at Figure 2.2b, we can therefore say something about the RC low-pass filter's response as compared to that of the integrator. The low-pass filter's transient response is more stable, because its pole is in the negative-real half of the complex plane. That is, the low-pass filter makes a decaying-exponential response to a step-function input; the integrator makes an infinite response. For the low-pass filter, pole positions further down the axis mean a higher, a shorter time constant, and therefore a quicker transient response. Conversely, a pole closer to the j axis causes a longer transient response.So far, we have related the mathematical transfer functions of some simple circuits to their associated poles and zeroes in the complex-frequency plane . From these functions, we have derived the circuit ’s frequency response (and hence its Bode plot) and also its transient response. Because both the integrator and the RC filter have only one s in the denominator of their transfer functions, they each have only one pole. That is, they are first-order filters .Figure 2.2b The complex function of an RC low-pass filterFigure 2.2c A Bode plot of a low-pass filterHowever, as we can see from Figure 2.1b, the first-order filter does not provide a very selective frequency response. To tailor a filter more closely to our needs , we must move on to higher orders. From now on, we will describe the transfer function using f(s) rather than the cumbersome IN OUT V V . Second-Order Low-Pass FiltersA second-order filter has 2s in the denominator and two poles in the complex plane. You can obtain such a response by using inductance and capacitance in a passive circuit or by creating an active circuit of resistors, capacitors, and amplifiers. Consider the passive LC filter in Figure 2.3a, for instance. We can show that its transfer function has the formand if we defineLC /120=ωand R L Q /0ω=,then where 0ωis the filter's characteristic frequency and Q is the quality factor (lower R means higher Q).Figure 2.3a An RLC low-pass filterThe poles occur at s values for which the denominator becomes zero; that is,when 0/2002=++ωωQ s s . We can solve this equation by remembering that the roots of 02=++c bx ax are given byIn this case, a = 1, b 0ω=, and 20ω=c .The term (ac b 42-) equals ()4/1220-Q ω, so if Q isless than 0.5 then both roots are real and lie on the negative-real axis. The circuit's behavior is much like that of two first order RC filters in cascade . This case isn't very interesting, so we'll consider only the case where Q > 0.5, which means ()ac b 42-is negative and the roots are complex.Figure 2.3b A pole-zero diagram of an RLC low-pass filterThe real part is therefore a b 2/-, which is Q 2/0ω-, and common to both roots. The roots' imaginary parts will be equal and opposite in signs. Calculating the position of the roots in the complex plane, we find that they lie at a distance of0ωfrom the origin, as shown in Figure 2.3b. Varying 0ω, changes the poles' distance from the origin. Decreasing the Q moves the poles toward each other, whereas increasing the Q moves the poles in a semicircle away from each other and toward the ωj axis. When Q = 0.5, the poles meet at 0ω-on the negative-real axis. In this case, the corresponding circuit is equivalent to two cascaded first-order filters.Now let's examine the second-order function's frequency response and see how it varies with Q. As before, Figure 2.4a shows the function as a curved surface, depicted in the three-dimensional space formed by the complex plane and a vertical magnitude vector . Q =0.707, and you can see immediately that the response is a low-pass filter.The effect of increasing the Q is to move the poles in a circular path toward the ωj axis. Figure2.4b shows the case where Q = 2. Because the poles are closer to the ωj axis, they have a greater effect on the frequency response, causing a peak at the high end of the passband .Figure 2.4a The complex function of a second-order low-pass filter (Q = 0.707)Figure 2.4b The complex function of a second-order low-pass filter (Q = 2)There is also an effect on the filter's transient response. Because the poles' negative-real part is smaller, an input step function will cause ringing at the filter output. Lower values of Q result in less ringing, because the damping is greater. On the other hand, if Q becomes infinite, the poles reach the ωj axis, causing an infinite frequency response (instability and continuous oscillation) at 0ωω=. In the LCR circuit in Figure 2.3a, this condition would be impossible unless R=0. For filters that contain amplifiers, however, the condition is possible and must be considered in the design process.A second-order filter provides the variables 0ωand Q, which allow us to place poles wherever we want in the complex plane. These poles must, however, occur as complex conjugate pairs , in which the real parts are equal and the imaginary parts have opposite signs. This flexibility in pole placement is a powerful tool and one that makes the second-order stage a useful component in many switched-capacitor filters. As in the first-order case, the second-order low-pass transfer function tends to zero as frequency tends to infinity. The second-order function decreases twice as fast, however, because of the 2s factor in the denominator. The result is a double zero (零点) at infinity. 低通滤波器一阶滤波器从数学公式上讲,积分器(见图2.1a )是最简单的滤波器;它是构成大多数现代滤波器的基本模块。
15.科技英语翻译
转化法 (conversion)
不通过任何词形上变化,直接转化为另一个词。在转 化过程中,词性有所改变而词义则与转化前的原义仍 保留有若干联系。 radio用无线电通讯(由名词词义“无线电”转化 而来) x-ray用x光检查(由名词词义“X光”转化而来) e-mail发电子邮件(由名词词义“电子邮件”转化 而来) clone使无性繁殖;复制(由名词词义“无性繁殖, 克隆”转化而来) format为„编排格式(由名词词义“格式”转化而 来)
情态动词can和may
这两个情态动词可用来表示客观可能性,而其他则多突出主 观性。
(1)You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease . 与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病。 (2)Anyone with a personal computer ,a modem and the necessary software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. 任何人只要有一台个人电脑, 再有一个调制解调器和必要的软件, 就可以把电脑连接到电话线上,然后就能申请上网。 (3)The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars,even though modem car are far cleaner than earlier ones. 改善城市空气质量最好的办法可能还是控制汽车的使用,尽管现代 汽车比以前的汽车污染要小得多。 (4)There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished. 胃切除可以用许多方法。
科技翻译ESP chapt.4答案
4. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight charges are. 【改为】 The price of the coal will vary according to the distance of its transportation and the expensiveness of the freight charges. 【译文】煤的价格会随着煤的运途和运费而变 化。
【译文2 】 这一事实表明:摩擦力越小,球 会滚得越远。由此我们可以推论出,如 果一切起阻碍作用的重力和阻力能被克 服,就没有理由认为球一旦处于运动状 态之后会再停下来。
3. Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance.It is measured in farads
2. As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water and displaces an additional amount of water that equals the weight of the added load. 【改为】As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water that equals the weight of the added load. 【译文】船装了货吃水更深,其排开的附加水 量等于所装货的重量。
科技英语的翻译
• The way we live will also be affected. We shall work shorter hours and have more time for leisure. There will even be no need to travel to work. • 我们的生活方式也会受到影响:工时将会缩 短,闲暇增多;要办事,甚至不需要远行。
The researchers found a 12 percent reduction in the patients’ blood cholesterol from a level of 349 milligrams per 100 milliters of blood. 研究工作者们发现病人血内胆固醇从每100 毫升血液349毫克这一水平下降了12%。 the transfer of information from one part of the computer to another depends on the electrical current being conducted over wires. 信息从计算机的一个部分传送到另一个部分 靠的是电线中传导的电流。
科技问题的特点
词汇
一、常用词汇的专业化。如 splash/messenger 二、同一词语词义的多专业化。如 transmission/power 三、科技英语除以上两个手段大量吸收语 汇外,还通过现代英语构词法,构成极丰 富多样的科技词汇。
语法
一、词汇的名词化倾向。指抽象名词以及起 名词功用的非限定动词、名词连用。如: Illumination intensity determination = determination of the intensity of illumination 照明强度测定 Power transmission relay system= a relay system for power transmission 送电中继体系
科技英句子整理 英语专业 农大
科技英语翻译Week11.In computing work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must be in the same direction.在计算所做的功时,用以相乘的力和距离必须沿同一方向,始终记住这一点是很重要的。
2.The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions.离子的运动,也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动,这种运动大多发生在化学溶液中。
3.Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.物体如不受外力作用,将继续保持其静止状态或做匀速直线运动。
4.Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.凡是物质,都具有重量和占有空间。
5.What is large and what is small is relative.。
大和小是相对的。
6.The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder.报告指出,肥胖容易引起疾病,容易导致由高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾病等引起的死亡。
科技英语翻译第三四章
科技英语翻译第三四章3.1 名词的译法第1节翻译练习1In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.一个不同寻常的用途是:这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。
当含有电感的电路突然断开时,可用电容器消除火花。
第1节翻译练习2The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the su bjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比较结果表明,误差是由于名称不同而造成的。
扫描结果证实,受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一ambient temperature, and the external cooling. 根据分子理论的原理,物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。
第1节翻译练习3Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy. Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 要特别注意软管,保证没有擦伤。
科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译U4
芝加哥的屋顶绿化由于当城市中宝贵的房屋建筑用地已所剩无几,城市规划者开始将目光转向空中。
寻找绿色空间也不例外。
欧洲的绿色屋顶长期以来为人们提供了环境、审美和经济方面的利益。
这种想法是否也会植根在美国植根呢?在伊利诺伊州芝加哥市,当市长理查德•戴利看到了欧洲花园般的屋顶之后,便开始了绿色屋顶的创意。
在最近的一次电话采访时他说:“我认为,如果把芝加哥所有平坦的屋顶都利用起来,可以开辟数千英亩的土地用于美化环境,还有利于建筑物供暖、降温,以及进入排污系统的雨水控制。
”他继续说:“当你透过窗户眺望看这个城市时,你看到的不是钢筋混凝土,而是为对环境的美化。
所以我想,这就是我们应该做的到事情。
”绿色屋顶通常是由无需经常维护的抗旱植物组成(如景天属暑天景植物)。
这些屋顶的厚度均小于4英寸(10厘米),可直接在上面种植或制作成已有植物预先栽种在上面的种植垫。
即使斜屋顶也可以进行绿色屋顶处理。
利用率较高的绿色屋顶系统可以包括多种植物和园林要素,如树木,但只有在平坦的屋顶上才行。
这种绿色屋顶需要更深的种植材料或土壤替代物,它们更重,更昂贵,并且需要更多的维护。
绿化屋顶的最大好处之一是水资源管理。
它们能吸收落在屋顶上的大约50%%-60%%的雨水,这些雨水一部分通过植物蒸发(或“呼气”)回到大气中而消耗掉了,另一部分水保留在土壤中或其他培养媒介中,。
其余的则缓慢地、在人们的控制下缓慢地流入城市雨水排水系统,这个过程有助于抑制城市供水系统中大量雨水激增的现象,而要扩充该系统的费用是很昂贵的。
位于东兰辛伊斯兰莘市的密歇根州立大学植物和土壤学家布拉德•罗说:“在许多城市,甚至一场雷雨就可能造成(雨水的排水系统)溢流,并与污水混在一起。
谁知道它们会流到哪儿去呢?”绿色屋顶的支持者还列举出其他好处,如节省能源。
一个绿色屋顶可以降低多少能源成本,这取决于屋顶类型和使用该屋顶当地的气候。
比较温暖的气候是节省能源的最佳条件,因为与降低取暖费相比,使用绿色屋顶能够更有效地减少空调费用。
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转译为宾语-- S + be done +prep
Passive voice: S + be done +prep. +O→O+ do+ S(P263) Attachments are usually not included with standard machine. 通常,标准机床不包含附件 附件。 附件 Sound absorbing material has been used in walls and ceiling. 墙壁和天花板使用了吸音材料 吸音材料。 吸音材料
转译为宾语(ex-P264)
Several concepts are introduced: decision-making, modeling ,dynamics, feedback, stability and logical design. 这里介绍几个概念:判定、模拟、动力学、反馈、稳定性和逻辑设计等。 Provision is made within the circuitry to limit the transistor voltage. 电路已采取措施 措施来限制晶体管的电压。 措施 See to it that all troubles should be eliminated. 务必要排除所有故障 故障。 故障 No direct electrical connection to the rotor(转子)is provided. 转子没有直接的连接电线 直接的连接电线。 直接的连接电线 provision must be made for dissipating the heat that results from the sliding of surfaces. 必须采取措施 措施驱散因表明摩擦所产生的热。 措施 From this experiment the conclusion is drawn that the theory of oppositely charged particles attracting each other is true. 由这一实验可以得出结论 结论,带异性电荷的粒子相互吸引的这一说法是正确的。 结论
转译为宾语-- There be 结构
Above the Curie temperature there is no spontaneous magnetization.(P263) ( ) 在居里温度以上,没有自发的磁化 自发的磁化。 自发的磁化 Up to now, there have been three main options for encoding a message.(p264-6) 迄今为止,消息的编码有三种主要的选择。 三种主要的选择。 三种主要的选择
P267-ex-7
The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer. 这一实验的结果 结果是发现了一种治疗癌症的方 结果 法。 The application of surfactant(表面活性剂) aims to simplify work processes. 使用表面活性剂的目的 目的就是简化工作过程。 目的
“直译”练习
Any friction between two surfaces results in a temperature rise of the materials. 两个表面之间的任何摩擦都会导致材料的温度升高。 The rivets contract as they cool, drawing the plates together. 铆钉随着冷却而收缩,从而使钢板紧紧地压在一起。 And the direction in which the sound is traveling tells the bat where the meal is located. 同时,声音传播的方向能告诉蝙蝠食物的位置。
转译为状语
在英语中表示时间、原因、条件含义的主语汉译时常译作汉 语的状语,见p266.(注意此时的主语具有动词意义或与动作 相关,shortage, result, infected mother) Improved efficiency has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly. 由于效率提高,工厂里出的产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了 The collapse of the dam caused the land being flooded. 由于大坝倒塌,土地因此被淹。 由于大坝 Restricted movement led to an interruption of blood flow. (由于)活动受限(导致)血液流动受阻。
句子的翻译
Lecture 4
句子成分的翻译
主语的译法 谓语的译法 表语的译法 宾语的译法 定语的译法 状语的译法
主语的译法
照译 转译
转译为谓语 转译为宾语 转译为定语 转译为状语
照译
Hydraulic springs are particularly suited for applications in which high load capacities and stiffness are required. 液压弹簧尤其适用于要求承载能力和刚度很高的地方。 液压弹簧 We can regard the entire weight of a body as concentrated at its center of gravity. 我们可以认为物体的整个重量是集中在物体的重心上。 我们 Installing the electronic units in the ground and leasing telephone wires would cost $ 15 million. 安装地下电子装置和租借电话线就要耗资15,000,000美元。 安装地下电子装置和租借电话线 Introduction of a newly-developed technique will enhance the prospects of success. 引进一项新开发的技术将增加成功的希望。 引进一项新开发的技术 P262-ex-1
转译为宾语—it +be +pp+that 从句
转译成无主句或泛指人称代词作主语,that 从句转译成宾语从句 (见课本P264) It can be concluded that copper oxide is a more stable compound than mercuric(汞) oxide.(P264-8) (我们)可以断言,氧化铜是比氧化汞更为 稳定的一种化合物。
转译为定语--系表结构+介词短语 (usu. in)
当介词的宾语转译成汉语的主语时,原句的主语转 译成定语 见课本P265(3) An atom of oxygen is 16 times as much as an atom of hydrogen in weight. 一个氧原子的质量相当于一个氢原子质量的16倍。 A semi-conductor material is poorer than a conductor in conductivity. 半导体材料的导电性比导体差。
转译为宾语-- Passive voice: 主宾互 换
Passive voice: 主宾互换,无主句或泛指人称代词作主语 主宾互换, To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed. 为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大的第一次推 力。 Work must be done in setting a body in motion.(P263) 使一个物体运动,就必须做功。 Nuclear energy thermoelectric generators are proposed as power sources for the solar system deep space explorers. (P263) 有人建议将核能温差电池用作太阳系远程空间探测器的能源。
转译为定语—have 谓语句
Have 作谓语的句子中,其宾语常常为了符合 表达习惯转译成汉语的主语,而原句的主语 相应的转译成译文中主语的定语。 见P265-(2) Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好钟的钟摆可以自动补偿温度的变化。
转译为定语
当句子中的谓语可动名相互转用或含义与名 动名相互转用或含义与名 词相关时,谓语有时转译成主语,而主语则 词相关 转译为定语. The wings are responsible for keeping the airplane in the air. 机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。 机翼的 The experiments are designed to validate his theory. (P265-ex-1) 这些试验的设计是用来证实他的理论的。
转译为谓语
适用情况:There be +动作性名词;动作性名词+系表结构;动作性名 适用情况: 动作性名词;动作性名词 系表结构; 动作性名词 系表结构 被动语态, 词+被动语态, 如: 被动语态 Attempts were made to find out a method for increasing productivity. 我们曾力图寻找 力图寻找一种提高生产率的方法。 力图寻找 .It is already dark, and the chorus of insects and frogs is in full swing. 天已经擦黑,虫鸣蛙叫 虫鸣蛙叫,一片喧闹。 虫鸣蛙叫 Since the lines of magnetic force converge and diverge, there is the necessity for a component Br.(P262-ex-2) ( 由于磁力线的回聚和发散,就必须需要 必须需要一个分量Br。 必须需要 Attempts have even been made to rename the robot. (P262-ex-2) 人们也一直在尝试 尝试给机器人重新命名。 尝试