学术英语理工TEXT11-19

5 对于氡效应的全面估计是一家运行了一年的核电站最终将 避免几百人死亡，而一个同等的煤电厂将最终导致30人死 亡。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature review
Enhancing your academic language Match the words with their definitions.
Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.
2 These materials can come into contact with people principally through small releases during routine plant operations, accidents in nuclear power plants, accidents in transporting radioactive materials, and escape of radioactive wastes from confinement systems.
3 这是因为大部分的伽玛射线和X光射线无需通过与身体的 组织发生作用（就原子水平而言，身体基本上是中空的空 间）而直接穿透身体，而无法穿透组织的α射线和β射线则 会通过与身体原子的碰撞使其能量得以扩展，并且有可能 导致更多的损坏。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature review
3 Much can be done to avert genetic diseases utilizing currently available technology; if 1% of the taxes paid by the nuclear industry were used to further implement this technology, 80 cases of genetic disease would be averted for each case caused by the nuclear industry.
4 高剂量的辐射会摧毁身体机能并在60天内导致死亡，但这种“明
显的”死亡仅仅在2%的核反应堆熔毁事故中能够被预料到，在 0.2%的熔毁事故中会超过100天，而在1/100,000的熔毁事故中 会超过3，500天。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature Review
2 This type of radiation has sufficient energy to ionize atoms (usually creating a positive charge by knocking out electrons), thereby giving them the chemical potential to react deleteriously with the atoms and molecules of living tissues.
Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.
4 Very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days, but such “noticeable” deaths would be expected in only 2% of reactor meltdown accidents; there would be over 100 in 0.2% of meltdowns, and 3500 in 1 out of 100,000 melt-downs.
1 Though radioactive steam has been released to reduce pressure within the wrecked complex’s reactors and there has been additional radiation leakage from the three explosions there, the resulting spikes in radiation levels have not been sustained.
4 由于电离辐射所带来的脱氧核糖核酸的破坏可能会造成重大改变，
导致癌症的发生，尤其是对有高频率细胞分裂的组织，比如消化 道、生殖细胞和骨髓。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature review
Enhancing your academic language
3 在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多事可以做； 如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那 么每一种由核工业造成的疾病中有80例遗传疾病都将得到 防止。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature Review
Enhancing your academic language
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature Review
Enhancing your academic ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱanguage Match the words with their definitions.
1 —— i 2 —— f 3 —— g 4 —— c 5 —— h
Translate the following sentences from Text 12 into Chinese.
3 That is because a large portion of gamma and X-ray radiation will pass directly through the body without interacting with the tissue (considering that at the atomic level, the body is mostly empty space), whereas alpha and beta radiation, unable to penetrate tissue, will expend all their energy by colliding with the atoms in the body and likely cause more damage.
Enhancing your academic language Translate the following sentences from Text 12 into Chinese.
4 DNA damage from ionizing radiation can cause mutations that lead to cancer, especially in tissues with high rates of cell division, such as the gastrointestinal tract, reproductive cells and bone marrow.
6 —— a 7 —— b 8 —— e 9 —— d 10 —— j
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature Review
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.
Translate the following sentences from Text 12 into Chinese.
1 尽管放射性的蒸汽已经被释放以降低被毁坏的络合物反应堆的压 力，并且在三次爆炸中有额外的辐射泄露，但是正在发生的辐射 水平却没有一直处于最高点。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature review
Enhancing your academic language Translate the following sentences from Text 12 into Chinese.
1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中,一般人每秒钟都遭受着来自自
然资源中15，000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗X光检查则 带有1，000亿个粒子的辐射。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature Review
Enhancing your academic language
2 这一类型的辐射有足够的能量来电离原子（通常通过毁坏电子而 产生正电），从而给予这些原子化学潜能，使之与生物组织中的 原子和分子发生对人体有害的反应。
Unit 4
Writing a Literature
Review
1 Writing a literature review
Enhancing your academic language
1 —— e 2 —— a 3 —— i 4 —— h 5 —— j
6 —— c 7 —— b 8 —— d 9 —— f 10 —— g