研究生英语阅读(基础版)lesson11课后题目
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版 课后习题答案 Lesson 12
1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.A. was distressed（悲痛）B. was distributed（分散，分布）C. was defeated（击败，战胜）D. was diminished（使减少，减小）译文：全国哀悼他们的总统约翰·肯尼迪的逝世。
2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.A. countered（）B. conflicted（冲突，矛盾）C. corresponded（符合，一致）D. contested（争辩，质疑）译文：中央政府在工业计划上与市议会发生冲突。
3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.A. originates（发源，发生）B. suffers（经历，遭受）C. vanishes（小时）D. transmits（传输，发射）译文：老师对学生有一种潜移默化的影响。
4. At the press conference, the crazy teenagers fully displayed their infatuation for theirfavorite movie stars.A. delusion（迷惑；欺骗；错觉）B. passion（激情，热情；酷爱）C. miracle（奇迹；惊人的事）D. inflation（膨胀；夸张；自命不凡）译文：在新闻发布会上，这些疯狂的青少年充分展示了他们对喜爱的电影明星的迷恋。
5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.A. spiritual（精神的；心灵的）B. earthly（尘世的；地球的）C. holy（神圣的）D. secular（世俗的）译文：寺庙、清真寺、教堂和犹太教堂都是神圣的建筑。
考研阅读理解UNIT 11
UNIT ELEVENTEXT ONE“WHANG—Boom—Boom—cast delicacy to the winds.” Thus Ezra Pound in a letter to his father, urging the old man to help promote his first published collection. It might have been the poet's manifesto.Pound is as divisive a figure today as he was in his own lifetime. For some he was the leading figure of the Modernist movement who redefined what poetry was and could be; and who, in his role as cultural impresario, gave vital impetus to the literary careers of T.S. Eliot, James Joyce and Wyndham Lewis, among others. But for many Pound remains a freak and an embarrassment, a clinical nutcase and vicious anti-Semite who churned out a lot of impenetrable tosh before losing the plot completely.During the second world war he broadcast pro-Fascist radio programmes from Italy and later avoided trial for treason at home only because he was declared insane. On his release from St Elizabeth's Hospital near Washington, DC, he returned to Italy (“America is a lunatic asylum”), where he died in 1972aged 87.David Moody, emeritus professor of English at York University, makes a strong case for Pound's “generous energy” and the “disruptive, regenerative force of his genius”. His approach (unlike Pound's) is uncontroversial. He follows the poet's progress chronologically from his childhood in Idaho—still, at the time of his birth in 1885, part of the wild west—to his conquest of literary London between 1908 and 1920. He marshals Pound's staggering output of poetry, prose and correspondence to excellent effect, and offers clear, perceptive commentary on it. He helps us to see poems, such as this famous, peculiarly haunting 19-syllable haiku, in a new light:The apparition of these faces in the crowd:Petals on a wet, black bough.That Mr Moody is constantly being upstaged by the subject of his study is not surprising. Pound was one of the most colourful artistic figures in a period full of them.According to Ford Madox Ford, who became a good friend of Pound's shortly after the bumptious young American arrived in London: “Ezra would approach with the step of a dancer, making passes with a cane at an imaginary opponent. He would weartrousers made of green billiard cloth, a pink coat, a blue shirt, a tie hand-painted by a Japanese friend, an immense sombrero, a flaming beard cut to a point and a single large blue earring.” W.B. Yeats's simple assessment was that: “There is no younger generation of poets. E.P. is a solitary volcano.”A great merit of Mr Moody's approach is the space he gives to Pound's writings. It is love-it-or-hate-it stuff, but, either way, undeniably fascinating. “All good art is realism of one kind or another,” Pound said. Reconciling that tidy statement with practically any of his poems is hard work but, as Mr Moody shows over and over again, hard work that offers huge rewards. His first volume ends in 1920, with Pound quitting London in a huff, finally fed up—after more than a decade of doing everything in his power to rattle the intellectual establishment—with “British insensitivity to, an dirritation with, mental agility in any and every form”. His disgraceful radio programmes and the full blooming of his loopiness lie ahead. So, too, do most of his exquisite Cantos.1. Pound was a divisive figurebecause_____ [A] he brought both positiveand negative effect to thedevelopment of theModernist movement.[B] he was both a poet and aperson with mentalproblem.[C] he was politically aracist while he was alsopro-Fascist.[D] he was a man of complex andunintelligiblepersonality.2. When Pound was released from hospital, he returned to Italy because_____[A] Italy was his hometown.[B] he was persecuted by Americans.[C] he disliked America.[D] he was out of his mind.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of David Moody’s study on Pound?[A] His literary approach is unlike that of Pound’s, being less contradictory.[B] He focuses on Pound’s poetry itself instead of his personality, attempting to keep objective[C] He traces the poet’s life in time order to study Pound’s ac hievement.[D] His study offers a fresh sight of Pound‘s work 4．From Keats’s simple assessment, it can be inferred that_____[A] Pound was of exploding power in his literary creation.[B] Pound’s achievement could hardly be reached by later poets.[C] Pou nd’s excellence was unsurpassable in his time. [D] It would take a long time for Pound’s generation to fully understand him. 5. The word “rattle”(Line 6, Paragraph 7) most probably means _____[A] set up.[B] destroy.[C] struggle.[D] disturb.文章剖析：这篇文章主要介绍了Pound的两个不同侧面。
研究生英语阅读教程（基础级第二版）1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译
Lesson1READING SELECTION AWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse? Universal languageBy Tom McArthur[1] In the year 2000, the language scholar Glanville Price, a Welshman, made the following assertion as editor of the book Languages in Britain and Ireland:For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. (p 141)Some years earlier, in 1992, Robert Phillipson, English academic who currently works in Denmark, published with Oxford a book entitled Linguistic Imperialism. In it, he argued that the major English-speaking countries, the worldwide English-language teaching industry, and notably the British Council pursue policies of linguistic aggrandisement. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individu als within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberate) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.[2] Phillipson himself worked for some years for the British Council, and he is not alone among Anglophone academics who have sought to point up the dangers of English as a world language. The internationalization of English has in the last few decades been widely discussed in terms of three groups: first, the ENL countries, where English is a native language (this group also being known as the "inner circle"); second, the ESL countries, where English is a second language (the "outer circle"); and third, the EFL countries, where English is a foreign language (the "expanding circle"). Since the 1980s, when such terms became common, this third circle has in fact expanded to take in the entire planet.[3] For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English. There have been many "world languages", such as Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.[4] English however is probably too close for us to be able to analyze and judge it as dispassionately, as we may now discuss the influence of Classical Chinese on East Asia or of Classical Latin on Western Europe. The jury is still out in the trial of the English language, and may take several centuries to produce its verdict, but even so we can ask, in this European Y ear of Languages, whether Price and Phillipson are right to warn us all about the language that I am using at this very moment.[5] It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse. An example is Australia, which is routinely regarded as a straightforward English-speaking country. The first Europeans who went there often used Latin to describe and discuss the place. The word Australia itself is Latin; evidently no one at the time thought of simply calling it "Southland" (which is what Australia means). In addition, in South Australia there is a wide stretch of land called the Nullarbor Plains, the first word of which sounds Aboriginal, but nullarbor is Latin and means "no trees". And most significantly of all, the early settlers called the continent a terra nullius. According to the Encarta World English Dictionary (1999) the Latin phrase terra nullius means:... the idea and legal concept that when the first Europeans arrived in Australia the land was owned by no one and therefore open to settlement. It has been judged not to be legally valid.But that judgment was made only recently. When the Europeans arrived, Australia was thinly populated—but populated nonetheless—from coast to coast in every direction. There were hundreds of communities and languages. Many of these languages have died out, many more are in the process of dying out, and these dead and dying languages have been largely replaced by either kinds of pidgin English or general Australian English. Depending on your point of view, this is either a tragic loss or the price of progress.[6] At the same time, however, can the blame for the extinction of Aboriginal languages be laid specifically at the door of English? The first Europeans to discover Australia were Dutch, and their language might have become the language of colonization and settlement. Any settler language could have had the same effect. If for example the Mongols had sustained their vast Eurasian empire, Mongolian might have become a world language and gone to Australia. Again, if history had been somewhat different, today's world language might have been Arabic, a powerful language in West Asia and North Africa that currently affects many smaller languages, including Coptic and Berber. Spanish has adversely affected indigenous languages in so-called "Latin" America, and Russian has spread from Europe to the Siberian Pacific. If English is a curse and a killer, it may only be so in the sense that any large language is likely to influence and endanger smaller languages.[7] Y et many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. Let us instead look at something rather different: the issue of politics, justice, and equality. My object lesson this time is South Africa. Ten years ago, South Africa ceased to be governed on principles of racial separateness, a system known in Afrikaans (a language derived from Dutch) as apartheid. The system arose because the Afrikaner community—European settlers of mainly Dutch descent—saw themselves as superior to the indigenous people of the land they had colonized.[8] English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. However, the language through which this opposition gained strength and organization was English, which became for them the key language of freedom and unity, not of oppression. There are today eleven official languages in South Africa—English, Afrikaans, and nine vernacular languages that include Zulu, Ndebele, and Setswana. But which of these nine do black South Africans use (or plan to use) as their national lingua franca? Which do they wish their children to speak and write successfully (in addition to their mother tongues)? The answer is none of the above. They want English, and in particular they want a suitably Africanized English.[9] So, a curse for the indigenous peoples of Australia and something of a blessing for those in South Africa...[10] How then should we think of English in our globalizing world with its endangered diversities? The answer, it seems to me, is crystal clear. Like many things, English is at times a blessing and at times a curse—for individuals, for communities, for nations, and even for unions of nations. The East Asian symbolism of yin and yang might serve well here: There is something of yang in every yin, of yin in every yang. Although they are opposites, they belong together: in this instance within the circle of communication. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. (1, 292 words)ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Tom McArthur is founder editor of the Oxford Companion to the English Language(1992) and the quarterly English Today: The International Review of the English Language (Cambridge, 1985— ). His more than 20 published works include the Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English(1981), Worlds of Reference: Language, Lexicography and Learning from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (1986), and The English Languages (1998). He is currently Deputy Director of the Dictionary Research Center at the University of Exeter.EXERCISESI. Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the, following statements.1. It can be inferred from Glanville Price's statement that he is ______.A. happy that English is everywhere in Britain and IrelandB. worried about the future of the remaining Celtic languagesC. shocked by the diversity of languages in Britain and IrelandD. amazed that many people in the UK still speak their Aboriginal languages2. Cumbric is used as an example of ______.A. a local dialectB. a victim of the English languageC. a language that is on the verge of extinctionD. a language that is used by only a limited number of people3. Which of the following is the major concern of the book Linguistic Imperialism?A. English teaching overseas.B. British government's language policies.C. Dominance of English over other languages.D. The role of English in technology advancement.4. Both Price and Phillipson are ______.A. government officialsB. advocates of linguistic imperialismC. in support of language policies carried out by the British CouncilD. concerned about the negative effect of English on smaller languages5. According to the text, the EFL countries ______.A. are large in numberB. is known as the "outer circle"C. will be endangered by EnglishD. have made English their official language6. According to McArthur, Chinese is different from English in that ______.A. it has made a great contribution to the worldB. it has had positive influence on other languagesC. it may result in the disappearance of other languagesD. it probably will not endanger the existence of other languages7. When he said the jury is out in the trial" (Line 3, Paragraph 4), McArthur meant ______.A. punishment is dueB. the jury is waiting for a trialC. no decision has been made yetD. there is no one to make the decision8. Australia might be used as an example to show that ______.A. languages are changing all the timeB. some English words are derived from LatinC. English has promoted the progress of some nationsD. English should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages9. Many people see English as a blessing for people in ______.A. AustraliaB. East AsiaC. South AfricaD. ESL countries10. The main theme of this speech is that ______.A. English should be taught worldwideB. English as a world language does more harm than goodC. we should be objective to the internationalization of EnglishD. we should be aware of (realize) the danger of English as a world languageB. Questions on global understanding and logical structures1. Why does McArthur introduce Glanville Price and Robert Phillipson's points of view on the spread of English? What is his? Intention?McArthur quotes Price’s assertion and cites Pillipson’s viewpoint on the spread of English as sort of cons to initiate his argument. Cons are usually popularly believed arguments or opinions that are against the author’s point of view. Cons are commonly used writing techniques and are often employed in order to appeal the audience and highlight the author’sviewpoint.2. Does McArthur agree with what Price and Phillipson argued? From as early as which section does McArthur show his attitude? Toward the dominance of English as a world English?No. McArthur’s opinion is different from Price and Pillipson’s arguments. He doesn’t believe that English is a killer and should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages. He sees English as both a blessing and a curse, maybe as a blessing more than a curse. After introducing Price and Pillipson’s viewpoints, McArthur writes about his own ideas on the iss ue of English as a world language. From the sentence “For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English”, we can learn that McArthur does not curse English like Price and Pillipson and he has a different point of view.3. By reading "It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse", could we conclude that McArthur believes English is a curse?No. This sentence is a kind of justification. Although McArthur literally justifies the fact that there are situations where people might call English a curse, he doesn’t believe that English is virtually a curse. By adding the word “certainly” Mc Arthur shows his intent.4. Could you pick up some words and expressions that signal change or continuation in McArthur's thought?“For good or for ill”(paragraph 3) /“however” (paragraph 4) /“But”(paragraph 5) / “At the same time,however”(paragraph 6) /“Y et”(paragraph 7)5. How many parts can this speech be divided? How are the parts organized?Part One: paragraphs 1 and 2. These two paragraphs introduce the situation that many academics argue against English as a world language.Part Two: paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Paragraph three is a transitional paragraph that initiates McArthur’s own argument. In these paragraphs McArthur argues that English is not only a curse as many people have believed, but a blessing as well.Part Three: paragraph 10. McArthur concludes in the last paragraph that English may be a curse or a blessing depends on different situations and we should make advantages of world languages and avoid their disadvantages.II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments./ reward rewardingA. toughB. demandingC. diverseD. benign4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A. sizeableB. adverse(negative)C. beneficialD. consequential6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursueC. abandon/ abundantD. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemonyC. complexD. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate)8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolveB. constituteC. tolerateD. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A. endangeredB. domesticatedC. indigenousD. extinctB. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point up by and large take in descent for good or illleave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. [criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic]A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and 1 by the English educator I. A. Richards. Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and 2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was that any idea, 4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-word primary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and _ 6 ), and 100 general "operational" words, mainly verbs and prepositions. Almost all the words were in 7 use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating 9 the use of 18 "basic" verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be.Numerous words which have the same or similar meanings and by verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. These verbs were generally combined with prepositions, such as up, among, under, in, and forward. For example,a Basic English student would use the expression “go up”10 "ascend". (Semantic / grammatical criterion)1. A. created B. publicized C. invented D. operated2. A. proved B. provided C. projected D. promoted3. A. advantages B. objections C. obstacles D. facileties4. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever5. A. comprised of B. made of C. composed of D. constituted of6. A. personalities B. properties C. preferences D. perceptions/ perceive)7. A. common B. ordinary C. average D. nonprofessional8. A. in all B. at times C. for good D. in part/ partially)9. A. experiencing B. exchanging C. excluding D. extending10. A. in spite of =despite B. in favor of C. instead of D. in case ofII. T ranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
研究生英语阅读教程lesson11
1. Set goals for yourself and read with a purpose. If you are looking for specific information as you read, it will be easier to keep your attention focused on the material. So, before you begin to read a text in English, decide what you intend to accomplish during that session and about how much time it will take.
About the Author
On July 11th, 1942 Smith married Eloise Pickard of Durham, North Carolina. From Fort Benning Smith was assigned to the command of C Company, 10th Mountain Division. Wounded at Mount Belvedere in the last stages of the Italian Campaign, Smith resumed his education doing graduate work at Harvard and receiving his PhD in American History in 1951.
3. Write the procedures and allocate time for each step or task. Now, start reading. (When you feel bored, sleepy, or confused, note down the time you’ve been concentrating, and check what you have done. )
研究生英语多维教学教程探索课本教学材料原文及课后题(11课)
Unit 1 travel languageThe Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as “internet”or “byte stream”just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face.Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king’s English prevlent in America, where “honour”is commonly written as “honor”and “night”as “nite,”many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk –a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonnet is a hood, good old nappies are diapers, and a baby’s matinee jacket is a vest. It’s obvious that the two countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency.Even worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in everyday life can testify that whatused to be the king’s lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate.The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers “a speedy execution”and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to “please hung yourself here.”One hopes that nobody took the advice literally.To these I can add some of my own experiences, encountered in long years of traveling the world. There was, for example, the observation in an Ostend novelty shop that “revolting new ideas”were being marketed, and the boast of some Bombay bakers that “we are No. 1 loafers, best values in whole town.”I realized how far Christinanity had come when I read in Hong Kong the following call by a dentist: The teeth they are extracted here by the latest Methodists.I fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressive use of English or are simply reflections of local usages. I feel quite strongly, however, that the Haifa Medical Association should have prevented one of its members from claiming on his brass plate that he is a “Specialist in Women and Other Diseases.”Hotels seem to revel in their multilingual signs. One supposes these signs were designed to facilitate the use of modern services in otherwise sterile and barely functional establishments. Nevertheless, the unsuspecting guests confronted in a Brussels hotel with the followinginstruction for the use of the life (elevator) might well prefer to walk: “To move the life, push button to wishing floor. If the cabin should enter more persons, each one should push number of wishing floor. Driving is then going alphabetically by natural order. Button retaining pressed position shows received command for visiting station.”The less sophisticated notice in Istanbul (“To call room service, please to open door and call ROOM SERVICE”) at least does not confront the guest with electronics that might not always work. In Turkey, the delight in “straight talk”expresses itself in the by-now-famous Ankara brochure which advises, “Visit our restaurant where you can eat Middle East foods in an European Ambulance.”A note on a Swiss menu that “Our wines leave nothing to hope for”was equally inviting.Eastern European courtesies have never left the once grand hotels of the former Austro-Hungarian empire. A notice in the hotel rooms that “the honoured guests are invited to take advantage of the chamber maids from 12-14 o’clock”might, however, result in some unplanned traffic jams. A recent Moscow exhibition’s announcement drew attention to “a showing of 300 paintings by Russian artists, most of whom were executed in the last ten years”–hardly a welcoming thought to the occasional visitor.A Bangkok laundry’s advertisement to the visiting public (“Leaving your clothes here and enjoy yourself”) could also be seen as a invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far Eastern capital of fun.In Rome, a laundry advertised a similar invitation: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spendthe afternoon having a good time.It should not surprise the traveller that nightspots advertise their wares in Europe in many and diverse language. The German preoccupation with Majorca led a Munich nightclub to copy a trilingual Palma announcement that dancing was going on in what is indeed a surprising way. The notice read, “Baile! Baile! Baile!”in Spanish, “T anz! T anz! Tanz!”in German, and “Balls! Balls! Balls!”in what was meant to be English. We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity.The Black Forest Germans, on the other hand, are known to be rather prudish in their outlook, but is it really necessary to post a sign: “It is strictly forbidden on our Black Forest camping site that people of different sexes, for example men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose.”I am told that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist, the following sign proved a real crowd puller. Parrot Phillips claims it to be true that in an Austrian hotel room he found the sign: “If service required, give two strokes to the maid and three to the valet.”There are undoubtedly more and varied versions of the use of English, unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process.Unit 2 Lies and TruthWhat is truth? –and the opposite question that goes with it: what makes a lie?Philosophers, teachers, and religious leaders from all cultures and periods of history have offered many answers to these questions. Among Euro-North-American writers, there is general agreement on two points. The first is that what we call a “lie”must be told intentionally –that is, if someone tells an untruth but they believe it to be true, we don’t consider them a liar. The second point is that practically everyone lies, and lies frequently. But there the agreement ends.One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that we should try to find ways avoid doing it. The reason is that lying hurts not only the listener, but also the liar. Each lie makes the next one easier to tell, and the liar comes not only to disrespect herself, but to mistrust others, whom she believes will lie as easily as she. In a society, where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation can not exist. Furthermore, by lying to people, we remove their power to make important choices about how to spend money, what future career to take, what medical treatment to take.Toward the opposite extreme is the position that although some lies are evil, many others are not –in fact, they are necessary to hold our society together. We lie in harmless ways to protect other’s feelings and to better our relationship. These are not lies that try to hurt others. We laugh at the boss’s joke which we have heard before and which she doesn’t tell very well; we pretend interest in a friend’s story of something uninteresting that happened to him. If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business, we may lie in response. Sometimes we lie to protect the reputation or even the life of another person.On a larger scale, government may protect national security by lying.Each person seems to have some point at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie. Obviously, this point varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture. A sometimes painful part of growing up is realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars suffer, but as you go through life, you find that often they don’t: in fact, dishonest people often seem to prosper more than honest ones. What are you to do with this realization? It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison, and you may begin to question them. It takes a great deal of strength and courage to continue living an honest life in the face of such reality.Little white lies: This is our name for lies that we consider harmless and socially acceptable. They are usually told to protect the liar or the feelings of the listener. Most of them would be considered social lies, and they include apologies and excuses: “I tried to call you, but your line was busy.”“You’re kidding! You don’t look like you’ve gained a pound.”Some people, however, would consider it acceptable to lie to save themselves from responsibility in a business transaction: “After I got home, I noticed that it was broken, so I’m returning it and would like my money back.”Occasionally a “little white lie”may have a very profound effect on the lives of the listeners, and may even backfire. Author Stephanie Ercsson tells of the well-meaning U.S. Army sergeant who told a lie about one of his men who had been killed in action. Thesergeant reported the man as “missing in action,”not killed, so that the military would continue sending money to the dead man’s family every month. What he didn’t consider was that because of his lie, the family continued to live in that narrow space between hope and loss, always watching for the mail or jumping when the telephone or the doorbell rang. They never were able to go through the normal process of sorrowing for, and then accepting, the death of their father and husband. The wife never remarried. Which was worse, the lie or the truth? Did the sergeant have the right to do what he did to them?What we really mean when we call an untruth a “little white lie”is that we think it was justifiable. Into this category fall many of the lies told within the walls of government. A person may lie to government, or a government official may lie to the public, and believe that by doing so, he becomes a hero. Clearly, however, one person’s “little white lie”is another person’s “dirty lie.”That brings us to the second category:Dirty lies: There are lies told with intent to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar. Into this category fall the lies of some dishonest salespersons, mechanics, repairmen; husbands or wives who are having an affair with someone else; teenagers who lie to get out of the house in order to do things that their parents would die if they knew about it; drug addicts who beg family members for money to support their habit. Dirty lies my be told to improve one person’s reputation by destroying another’s, to hurt a colleague’s chances of promotion so that the liar will be advanced.Lies of omission: Some people believe that lying covers not only what you say, but alsowhat you choose not to say. If you’re trying to sell a car that burns a lot of oil, but the buyer don’t ask about that particular feature, is it a lie not to tell them? In the United States, a favorite place to withhold the truth is on people’s income tax returns. The government considers this an unquestionable lie, and if caught, these people are severely punished. If omission can be lying, history books are great liars. Until recently, most U.S. history textbooks painted Christopher Columbus purely as a hero, the man who “discovered America,”and had nothing to say about his darker side. Moreover, most Native American and African-American contributors to science, technology, invention, literature, art, discovery, and other areas of civilization used to be omitted form children’s schoolbooks. Many people considered this a lie, and today’s history books usually mention at least some of it, though not as much as some people might like.False promises: This category is made up of promises that the promiser knows are false, that he has no intention of keeping even as the world leave his lips. While some are fairly harmless and social, others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener: “I’ll never do it again, I promise.”Advertisers and politicians suffer from terrible stereotypes because of the false promises of some of their number: “Lose 50 pounds in two weeks.”“Read my lips: No new taxes.”Probably everyone would agree that if we make a promise but have no intention of keeping it, we lie. But what if we really do plan to keep it, and then something happens to prevent it? Consider the journalist who promises not to indentify his resources, but then is pressured by his newspaper or by the law. How far should he go to keep his word?If he breaks his promise, is he dishonest?Lies to oneself: This is perhaps the saddest and most pathetic kind of lying. These are the lies that prevent us from making needed changes in ourselves: “I know I drank/spent/ate too much yesterday, but I can control it any time I really want to.”But there is a fine line between normal dreams and ambitions on the one hand, and deceiving ourselves on the other, and we have to be careful where we draw it. It’s common for young people to dream of rising to the top of their company, of winning a Nobel Prize, of becoming famous or rich; but is that self-deception, or simply human nature? Were they lying to themselves? More likely, they really believed that such a future was open to them, because they had seen it happen to others. We shouldn’t be too hard on ourselves, but if we have turned a blind eye to our faults, we should take an honest look in the mirror.There is no question that the terms “lying”and “honesty”have definitions that vary across culture boundaries. Members of one culture may stereotype members of another as “great liars,”“untrustworthy,”or “afraid to face the truth.”But what may lie behind these differences is that one culture values factual information even if it hurts, while another places more value on sensitivity to other people’s feelings. While the members of each culture believe that of course their values are the right ones, they are unlikely to convince members of other cultures to change over. And that’s “the truth.”Unit 3 Generation XIt’s often said that kids today aren’t what they used to be. But is this new generation ofteenagers and young adults, commonly referred to as “Generation X”or the “baby busters,”really so different from previous generations? What makes them tick? What impact will they have on us and our institutions as we move into the future?Current TrendsTwenty years ago, employers didn’t worry about finding enough good people. Just like a box of tissues, there was always another candidate that would pop right up. But the 18-year baby boom of 1946-1964, when birth rates peaked at 25.3 births per 1,000 population, was followed by the 11-year “baby bust,”when the rate fell to a low of 14.6 births per 1,000. This means the smallest pool of entry-level workers since the 1930s. “Generation X,”as they were dubbed in a 1991 novel by Canadian writer Douglas Coupland, realize the numbers are on their side. They are now mainly in their 20s, and they see themselves as very marketable in the workplace. They feel that they can be patient when choosing a job, and they can look for the best wages.This generation has watched more TV, and as a result has probably witnessed more violence and murders, than any generations in history. In addition, their gloomy view of the world has been shaped by numerous negative events, such as the Persian Gulf War, escalating crime, riots, AIDS, the nuclear threat, and pollution.They parents practiced birth control and abortion and were highly concerned about “making it”financially. About 40% of X’ers are products of divorce, and many were brought up in single-parent homes. The emotional upheaval and conflict this causes helped shapetheir view of the family and the world. It seems to have sent out a negative message to X’ers about their value and worth.Many young believe that their economic prospects are gloomy. They believe that they will not do as well financially as their parents or their grandparents. They know that the average income for young people, even with two or three college degrees, has declined significantly over the past generations. Many feel that their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak.Couple with the high divorce rate with the fact that many were latchkey children and you get a generation who may have had more time alone than any in history. They are also the first to spend considerable time in day care. At home, they were weaned on TV, high tech, video games, and computers. They became independent at a young age. Many had to grow up fast, taking on family responsibilities or part-time jobs to help out. All this has helped them become very freedom-minded, individualistic,and self-absorbed.Many resent the fact that their parents were not home to spend more time with them. An often heard sentiment is that things will be different when they raise their own families.The loyalty and commitment to the workplace that previous generations had is gone. Generation X’ers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Thirty or more years of loyalty sometimes ended with a security guard helping them to clean out their desks and escorting them out the door. Their parents’dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs.Young people feel there is no such thing as job security. They feel they don’t want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top. They can’t believe that their boomer bosses spend 60 or more hours a week at a job that they constantly complain about. They strongly believe there is life after work.Generation X’ers take longer to make job choices. They look upon a job as temporary instead of as a career, partly because they want to keep their options open. They are always looking to jump ship when they can upgrade their situation. They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.This generation seems to do things at a much later age than their parents. They graduate from college later, stay at home longer, and marry much later. Many who leave home come back again, sometimes more than once. This is due in part to the high cost of living and the fact that many have piled up huge studentloan debts. In contrast with the baby boomers, who couldn’t wait to leave home, Generation X’ers save their money so they can live better when they do leave. It may be that some just want to delay the time when they are on their own, because they spent so much time alone as children.Many of X’ers’parents were busy in the morning getting ready for work and too tired to have any quality time with their children at night. X’er classrooms were often overcrowded. It was hard for the X’ers to get noticed, so as adults they have a need to be noticed. Often, they seek that attention in the workplace.Whether from watching TV or from being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-homeparents or grandparents, X’ers have come to expect a whole lot for nothing. They have a strong propensity for instant gratification, wanting it all and wanting it fast. Their favorite TV programs are soap operas. They would like their world to be filled with the same good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and without having to work too hard.It is not uncommon for X’ers to get out of high school and expect to be paid well despite minimal skills. Many disdain low-wage “McJobs”at fast-food chains. Young college graduates look to start at high paying positions with power and perks. They have little patience for working their way up.Yet, the X’ers feel that making money is not as important as experiencing life. To be a workaholic is to have no life. Consequently, a paradox exists between how they view life and what they think they need from it.Future TrendsThe first boomers are only 10 or 12 years away from retiring –and finally out of the way of the next generation. The X’ers will begin to take over in politics, arts and culture, education, media, and business. This should lead to a time of better problem solving and quicker solutions, as they hate political maneuvering and want to get to solutions in a fast, no-nonsense way.X’ers don’t like the fact that their parents spent so many hours working. They promise to do better with their children, being more accessible and providing a more stable home life.Since many of them will marry later when they are more mature, the divorce rate will finally begin to dip.When X’ers control the organizations of tomorrow, they will create a shorter workweek, so people will have more time to spend with their families and leisure activities. Productivity won’t suffer, as technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, the X’ers’disdain for office politics and desire to solve problems faster will improve productivity. If organizations do not manage their human resources better, X’ers will leave to find or create a more humane workplace.Many Generation X’ers have a freedom-minded and individualistic nature. They like to be left alone to solve problems. They are a perfect group to become consultants, as already evidenced by so many venturing out on their own.Organizations will come to rely on the X’ers’entrepreneurial spirit to foster innovation. They will create systems that will allow “intrapreneurs”to create and run small businesses within a business. The organization’s financial support will allow young people to research and create new products at unparalleled rates. Outside entrepreneurs of this generation will team up with these “intrapreneurs”to create joint ventures.Generation X’ers have started to use their technology skills to create virtual businesses, and they will be the driving force behind this marketplace in the future. They have been quick to take advantage of the lower overhead and quick start-ups that the Internet provides. Being able to reach millions of people with new ideas and products instantly attracts thisgeneration.Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways than previous generations. What motivated past generations is far different from what motivates this new breed. But the changes will be for the better in many ways. Kids may not be what they used to be, but if we listen, there is a lot we can learn from them. The future will be a better place if we do.Unit 4 SuccessA young man of humble origins came to New York from the Midwest to seek his fortune. He dreamed, in the American way, of becoming a millionaire. He tired his luck on Wall Street. He was diligent and shrewd and, when he had to, devious. He put together the National Worldwide Universal deal and he did some things with an electronics acquisition that wouldn’t bear explaining. He succeeded even beyond his dream: he made twelve million dollars.At first the young man assumed that everything was working out splendidly. “Isn’t is grand?”he said to his wife, once it was apparent that he had made twelve million dollars.“No, it isn’t,”his wife said. “You’re a nobody.”“But that’s impossible,”the young man said. “I’m rich person. We live in an era that celebrates rich people. Rich people are shown in the newspapers in the company of moviestars and famous novelists and distinguished dress designers. The names of the richest corporate raiders are known to every schoolboy. There are rich real estate sharks whose faces appear on the covers of glossy magazines.”“Yours won’t,”his wife said. “You’re a nobody.”“But I have twelve million dollars,”the young man said.“So do a lot of people,”his wife said. “They’re nobodies, too.”“I could buy our way onto the committees of important charity balls,”the young man said. “Then we’d be mentioned in the columns.”“Don’t kid yourself,”his wife said. “The important committees are already filled with people who are really rich. People like us would end up working on something like a dinner dance to benefit the American Psoriasis Foundation.”“But I own a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue that’s worth two million dollars,”the young man said.“Two-million-dollar co-ops are a dime a dozen,”his wife said, “so to speak.”“I have a stretch limousine,”the young man said. “It’s twenty-one and half feet long.”“Nobody famous has ever ridden it,”his wife said. “Henry Kissinger and Calvin Klein have never heard of you. You’re a nobody.”The young man was silent for a while. “Are you disappointed with me?”he finally said to his wife.“Of course I’m disappointed in you,”she said, “When you asked me to marry you, you said you would surely amount to something. How was I to know that you’d turn out to be a nobody?”For a moment the young man looked defeated. Then he squared his shoulders and cleared his throat. “I’ll make them pay attention,”he said, “I’ll buy a professional football team and argue a lot with the coach in public. Celebrities will join me to watch big games from the owner’s box.”“You can’t buy a professional football team for twelve million dollars”his wife said. “Professional football teams cost big bucks.”“Then I’ll buy a magazine and appoint myself chief columnist,”the young man said. “A tiny but exceedingly flattering picture of me will run next to my column every week. The owners of professional football teams will invite me to watch big games from the owner’s box.”“You might be able to buy one of those weekly-shopper throwaways for twelve million dollars, but not a real magazine,”his wife said, “You can’t buy a real magazine for chicken feed.”“Is that what you call what we have?”the young man asked. “Is twelve million dollars chicken feed?”“It’s not a big bucks,”his wife said. “What can I tell you?”“But that’s not fair,”the young man said. “I’m a young man of humble origins who madetwelve million dollars. I succeeded even beyond my dream.”“Some of those things you did with the electronics acquisition probably weren’t fair either,”his wife said. “Fair isn’t being measured these days. What they measure is money.”“Then I’ll get more money,”the young man said. “I’m going to go back to Wall Street and make fifty million dollars.”But before the young man could make fifty million dollars a man from the Securities and Exchange Commission came and arrested him for having committed insider-trading violations in the electronics acquisition.The young man was taken away from his office in handcuffs. A picture on the front page of the afternoon paper showed him leaving his arraignment, trying to hide his face behind an $850 Italian overcoat. A long article in the morning paper used him as an example of a new breed of Wall Street traders who were the victims of their own greed, probably because of their humble origins. His friends and associates avoided him.Only his wife stuck by him. She tired to see the bright side. “For someone with twelve million dollars,”she said to the young man, “you’re getting to be pretty well known.”Unit 5 Women, Men & MoneyAha, Money. It’s probably the only thing that complicates life between the sexes as much as。
研究生英语阅读（基础版）lesson11课后题目
研究生英语阅读（基础版）lesson11课后题目Lesson111. He has got the key to the apartment eventually. And on the way home he could envision the smile on his wife's face.A.foreseeB. imagineC. memorizeD. recall2. She opened the refrigerator and took a bottle of cold mineral water to quench her thirst.A. e aseB. gripC. releaseD. query3. "Man's ingenuity has outrun his intelligence."(Joseph Wood Krutch)A. o utwittedB.excelledC. outputD. exceeded4. After that, the airhostess continued to demonstrate how to inflate the life-jacket in an emergency.A. b low upB. take upC. break upD. make up5.The unsuccessful democratic candidate seemed oblivious of the fact that he stood for no chance in running for governor.A. preoccupiedB. thrilledC. insensitiveD. unaware6.Most of the citizens in that country have already felt the pressure of soaring inflation because of the changes in economic policy after the financial crisis in Asia.A. r isingB. roaringC. progressingD. amounting7. When men are most sure and arrogant. they are commonly most mistaken.A. p oliteB. obedientC. proudD. courteous8. This untutored mathematician had an obsession with numbers.A. imaginationB. addictionC. hatredD. sense9. You should not be afraid to aim high in the quest for an improvement in your income.A.pursuitB. beliefC. claimD. realization10.She was blinded by the glitter and the glamour of her own life.A. s pectacleB. brillianceC. hardshipD. defeat。
研究生英语阅读教程（基础级版）课文及其翻译
Whupping (whipping/Beating) Fat AlbertBy Rudolph Giuliani[1] My father was an excellent (perfect, wonderful) boxer. His poor eyesight prevented him from becoming the prizefighter (warrior/ knight) he wanted to be, but at 6 feet and a lean 150 pounds, he was fast and tough. He understood the sport and would describe fights to me in great detail, explaining the strategies and techniques of the great fighters, men like (such as) Sugar Ray Robinson, Joe Louis, Willie Pep, Rocky Marciano, and Jersey Joe Walcott.[2] In boxing, he said, the most important skill was to stay (be) calm. This was the best lesson my father ever taught me—stay calm, especially when those (people) around you are uneasy or troubled (upset). The one who stays unruffled has a great advantage in being able to help others, to control the situation, to fix it. The fighter who loses his cool (calmness) the first time he's hit will end up flat on his back on the canvas. If he remains calm, even while he's being hit, he can look for opportunities to hit back. (knock down->out knock out)[3] The lesson came in handy (turned out/ proved to be useful). My Uncle Willie was a New Y ork City police officer. Long after he retired, he always wore a jacket and, usually, a tie. He was a shy (silent/ timid) man who kept to himself (silent), and he'd spend his off hours reading the paper under the tree in front of our house. Next door lived another family, and the father was also a cop. For some reason, my uncle disliked him—perhaps he'd been nasty or unfair to Uncle Willie. Anyway, this guy (man/ fellow) had a son named Albert, a big fat kid, two years older than me—I was about 5 and he was 7. Albert took advantage of his size to intimidate (frighten) the other kids. He'd knock them down and roll (sit) on them.[4] My uncle used to read Spring 3100, the in-house police magazine. I loved looking at it—still do, in fact. I would pore over (study sth. carefully) Uncle Willie's copy, but only for so long—my uncle would always take the magazine back. One day he was sitting alone under the tree and my mother was nowhere in sight. He called me over. A copy of Spring 3100 was by his side.[5] "Y ou want this magazine, right?"[6] "Y es," I replied.[7] "Y ou want it to keep?"[8] "Sure!'[9] "Beat up Albert, and I'll give you the magazine."[10] "What do you mean?"[11] Uncle Willie said, "Look, your father's been teaching you to box. Throw a couple of jabs like your old man showed you and Albert will start crying—he's a fat slob and bullies are never as tough (strong/ powerful) as they seem."[12] I was reluctant, because Albert was much heavier than I was. But Uncle Willie showed me the magazine and let me hold it, before taking it back and repeating that it would be mine as soon asI got (made) Albert to cry uncle.[13] A little while (moment) later, Uncle Willie was sitting in his usual chair, when (suddenly) I saw Albert up to his usual tricks, pushing some kids around, all of them smaller than he. I don't remember exactly how it (fighting) started. All I know is that I found myself in a fight with him, just the two of us.[14] I started jabbing at his face—boom, boom, boom, exactly as I'd been taught—and they (jabs) were landing, nearly all of them. Albert never laid a hand on me—or if he did, I didn't notice.His nose started bleeding, a shiner was rising (swelling) nicely (noticeably), and finally he started to cry. Then he turned and ran home (ad.).[15] I went home, too, and told my mother. She slapped me hard (heavily) across the face. "Apologize right now, and I'm going to tell your father tonight. He's going to give you a real beating."[16] "I don't want to apologize," I mumbled. "He started it." For that I got a second slap.[17] Albert was still crying, and I begrudgingly (reluctantly) said, "I'm sorry, Albert." My mother made (forced) us (to) shake hands and ordered me to stay in for the rest of the day. I glanced at my uncle, and thought, at least he could give me the darn magazine. But I didn't give him up. I just went slowly up to my room. About 20 minutes later, his daughter, my cousin (/=nephew/ niece) Evangeline, came up. She was carrying his copy of Spring 3100. "My dad wanted you to have this," she said. "Since you have to stay in all day." I looked out the window. Uncle Willie was still there, under his tree, and he gave me a nod—as much for keeping my mouth shut, I knew, as for whipping Albert.[18] My father came home that evening, and my mother told him what had happened. I could hear them (talk) talking in the room next door. It was his fault, my mother said, for teaching me to box. He should give me a licking (beating) I'd never forget. My father came up to me, but before he could adopt (~ed child) a suitable face (expression) of disapproval, he blurted, "You whipped Albert? God almighty (mighty=powerful)! He's two years older than you, and 25 pounds heavier!" (mighty=powerful)[19] Standing up to bullies might sound like a glib call to be macho (brave), but the truth is it takes a toll on you. One of the best reasons to let bullies know you won't back down (withdraw/ retreat) from a fight is so (difficult) that it doesn't get to (express) that point (meaning). That's not just a theory—there were many times (cases/ often) in my administration when an early confrontation led to far less fighting (struggle) down the road (in the direction). Here's an example. At about 8:40 p. m. on Wednesday, July 17, 1996, TWA Flight 800 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean just off (away from) Long Island. All 230 on board the Paris-bound 747, which had taken off from Kennedy International Airport, were killed. My community response team and I got to the scene (site)(scenery) within an hour and set up an assistance (help) center at the Ramada Plaza Hotel near the airport to provide aid (help) and counseling (comfort) to family members. [boarding school][20] When we got (arrived) there, the first thing we tried to do was (to) obtain (get) the manifest so (that) we could be sure who had been on the plane. Airlines are required by law to compile a complete list of passengers on international flights, including full names, passport information, and emergency phone contact numbers. This information is supposed (thought to (=should) be made available within three hours of any crash. In this case, by 11:30 p. m., TWA said 229 people were aboard. By noon the next day, they were saying the number was 228. Later in the afternoon, they put the number at 230. I repeatedly demanded an accurate passenger list from TWA but was given every excuse why the airline couldn't produce one. I sensed (felt) something was up (was happening) when I received a call about 4 a. m. from the CEO of the airline, Jeffrey Erickson, from a plane heading for Kennedy. I told him that I needed the manifest. He said we would talk when he got to New Y ork, that he wanted to "liaise" (contact) with me. I don't agree to liaise with people I haven't met. But then I thought, well, maybe I shouldn't be so judgmental (subjunctive) based on the use of one word.[21] By the next day, I was exasperated. I felt we were getting the runaround. When Ericksonfinally showed up (appeared), he addressed the families and the press at Kennedy Airport, and spoke for under (less than) a minute. He refused to take a single question. He added nothing to what we already knew; there was certainly nothing to liaise about.[22] On behalf of the families of the passengers—and with an eye toward future disasters—I decided to make my anger known. On several national shows and on all the local channels, I criticized TWA for caring more about covering (hiding) itself than promptly notifying (informing) suffering family members. On Friday, I recorded my weekly WABC radio show from the Ramada and said, "The upper management of TWA incompetently handled (delt with) the notification process for the families. That continues to be exacerbated (worse) by their not telling the truth about what happened."[23] Three months later, Erickson resigned (sign + nature->signature). But that wasn't the point (key). In a city the size of New Y ork, disasters are inevitable (=unavoidable). I wanted leaders of companies involved in any future disaster to understand just what was expected of them—clear, honest, timely communication. By refusing to keep quiet about TWA's behavior, I made sure (granter) the consequences of putting corporate needs ahead of human suffering were understood. (1, 388 words).OUT THE AUTHORRudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani III (born May 28, 1944) served as the Mayor of New Y ork from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2001.EXERCISESI . Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements.1. Rudolph Giuliani's father was _____.A. a successful boxing prizefighterB. able to win fights with techniquesC. very tall and strongD. well informed of boxing2. The strategies and techniques of a great fighter that Rudolph Giuliani learned from his father _____.A. were soon practicedB. were later used when he grew upC. didn't work for GiulianiD. were made into theory by Giuliani3. Uncle Willie didn't like their neighboring policeman probably because _____.A. he often abused childrenB. he was unfair while executing the lawC. he had treated Uncle Willie unfairlyD. he was a crazy and unreasonable man4. What made Giuliani decide to beat Albert?A. Albert took advantage of his size to bully other kids.B. Albert used to intimidate Giuliani.C. Giuliani didn't like him.D. Giuliani wanted to keep a police magazine.5. In the fighting between Giuliani and Albert, Albert _____.A. lost his control the first time he was hitB. missed almost all his targetsC. ended up flat on his backD. never had any chance to use his hands6. After Giuliani's father was told about the fighting he _____.A. was very excitedB. gave Giuliani a real beatingC. didn't believe itD. kissed his son as an encouragement7. The theory of standing up to bullies _____.A. took a heavy toll in Giuliani's later lifeB. became a very useful strategy in Giuliani's lifeC. led to far less fighting in Giuliani's later lifeD. helped him win in his running for the mayor8. Giuliani criticized TWA company for _____.A. being unable to provide an accurate passenger listB. planning to liaise with GiulianiC. its covering of itselfD. its CEO's be lated showing up9. The most important reason for Erickson's resignation is that _____.A. he lied to the public about the truth of his companyB. as a CEO he didn't live up to the expectations of the publicC. his company was involved in a disaster in which too many people were killedD. as a CEO he was incompetent in dealing with their business partners10. Giuliani disclosed the TWA's misconduct because he wanted to tell the companies that _____.A. they must pay price if they care about their company' interests more than human injuries and lossB. they will lose in the competition with their rivals if they put their needs ahead of human sufferingC. serious consequences will follow if they don't corporate with the city's government in a disasterD. companies will suffer a lot if they don't communicate with the public honestly and timelyII. VocabularyRead the following sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.1. Traditionally it is a peaceful event, without confrontation between police and what they describe as the hippy convoy.A. connectionB. exchangeC. fightD. interaction2. Tom Landry is one of the most successful football coaches in National Football League history, and he was known for his unruffled manner and fierce competitiveness.A. calmB. braveC. politeD. mild (climate<->weather)3. At the auction, he offered ridiculously low bids and intimidated other would-be buyers so that he could buy back the farm at an extremely low price.A. betrayedB. frightenedC. gatheredD. cheated (deceive)4. After the boss announced that he would move the company to Los Angeles, all the employees begrudgingly accepted the plan as they were afraid of losing the job.A. presently (timely/ in time/ promptly)B. reasonablyC. willinglyD. reluctantly5. People with ADHD have difficulty keeping their minds on one thing; they may run into thestreet without looking, blurt out inappropriate comments in class, and interrupt conversations.A. utter (->utterance)B. conductC. makeD. crush6. An attendant Labor press officer mumbled: "We're shameless, aren't we?" [(1)vt.: attend a meeting/ a class; (2)vi.: attend to sb.; flight attendant]A. claimedB. acknowledgedC. proposed (suggest)D. muttered7. During the congressional elections of 1866, Johnson campaigned for his Reconstruction Program (project), but his efforts hurt his cause (事业) more than they helped. This exasperated him into heated (激烈) and undignified arguments. (congress->Capitol)A. hitB. beatC. angeredD. stirred8. One primary intervention therefore was for me to liaise regularly with the ward so that Mrs. Allen was fully informed about the situation. (well-informed<->ill-informed; inform sb of sth.)A. negotiateB. contactC. imposeD. stimulate (stimuli and response)9. Difficult market conditions were exacerbated when Korean tanners entered the UK and New Zealand raw material markets, driving up prices.A. deterioratedB. (alter<->)changedC. (go to sb’s relief/ relieve sb./ rescue sb./ relief->relievedD. solved (a problem; answer a question)10. Thus all material to be shown will have been compiled in the knowledge that it would be made available.A. verifiedB. sortedC. extractedD. (A is ~ of B and C. ) composedB. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.take a toll on end up pore over slap bullylose one's cool be up come in handy strategy promptly1. Human-made structures also take a toll (bring heavy losses) on migrants. Skyscrapers and radio towers have caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of migrating birds. (migrate->migrant; emigrate<->immigrate)2. Amanda stayed calm at the moment and didn't lose her cool (n.).3. We both like driving it so much that we end up using it all the time.4. We should remember from Mayhew's account (description) that the boots also come in handy (prove to/ turn out to be useful) for kicking policemen and other traditional foes (夙敌) of the costers.5. In his lunch breaks Doisneau pored over books on photography, and at weekends he set off (start out) alone with a heavy wooden camera and tripod to capture the first of the "personal" photographs that would be the basis (base) of his life's work.6. Last night the woman, who did not wish to be named, said: "I'm really (fury->)furious, I'd just love to slap him on (the) his nasty face."7. I could tell by the look (expression) on his face that something was up (was happening).8. Essential (important) information on the progress of the project is conveyed throughout its duration and any enforced changes are notified promptly (timely/ in time).9. This use of a series of releasers, one after the other, is a strategy frequently employed (used) in communication.10. He wasn't, in fact, a very nice (good) boy, a bully and rather stupid.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage candidly and choose the hest answer from the four choices given .for each blank.New Y ork City has a highly centralized municipal (urban<->rural) government. The mayor, chosen by a citywide electorate for a four-year term, has wide 1 powers. The mayor has a leadership role in budget-making, authority to organize and reorganize administrative agencies and to 2 and remove their heads, a strong veto (否决权), and all powers not specifically otherwise granted. The comptroller (审计官) , elected on a citywide basis for a four-year term, recommends financial policies and advises the mayor and the city council in the preparation of the 3 .There are nine major administrative agencies, called administrations. The police and fire departments are not 4 as administrations, but are also principal (major) agencies. Certain important city agencies include the board of education, the board of higher education, the health and hospitals corporation, and the housing authority. 5 two major agencies are bi-state or regional in character (nature): the Port Authority of New Y ork and New Jersey, which controls airports and interstate buses, and the Transportation Authority, which controls subway and bus operations in the city and railroad service in New Y ork and Connecticut.Legislative authority is 6 by the city council, made up of 51 members, who are elected from 7 districts for four-year terms. The 8 officer is the public advocate, chosen for a four-year term by a citywide electorate. The advocate can vote only to 9 . The most powerful member of the council is the speaker (spokesman), who is chosen by a 10 of the members and appoints the heads of the various council committees. The council introduces and legislates all laws and approves the budget; it can override a mayoral veto by a vote of two-thirds of all the members.1. A. productive B. manipulative C. speculative D. executive2. A. appoint B. fire C. arrange D. offer3. A. economy B. budget C. revenue D. expense4. A. included B. undertaken C. classified D. called5. A. At last B. As usual C. In addition (=besides) D. After all6. A. grabbed B. guarded C graded D. granted7. A. personal B. individual C. private D. single8. A. presidential B. practicing C. presiding D. present9. A. break a tie B. make a decision C. draw a conclusion D. give a summary10. A. minimum B. maximum C. minority D. majorityIV. TranslationPut the following parts into Chinese.1. The one who stays unruffled has a great advantage in being able to help others, to control the situation, to fix it. The fighter who loses his cool the first time he's hit will end up flat on his back on the canvas.能够保持冷静的人占据很大优势。
研究生-基础综合英语-课后习题及答案
研究生-基础综合英语-课后习题及答案Unit 1 Education1. 问答题1) The F word discussed in the essay is flunking.2) Sherry’s attitude toward the F word is positive.3) What reasons does the author give for believing that the threat of flunking students is a positive teaching tool?Flunking is a healthy threat to students and can ensure the education quality. By contrast, Many students are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up.4) What choice does the author want to give to students? Why is she particularly interested in the subject?The choice for students is whether to succeed through hard work or to fail without the threat of being flunked. The author is particularly interested in this subject because she herself teaches an adult-literacy class and her own son improved greatly after being threatened with flunking by a strict teacher5) In what sense does the author think that the educational system cheats the students and employers?The present educational system is not strict enough with students so that they can easily graduate with diplomas. However, many of them find that they are incompetent for their jobs because of their semi-illiteracy6) Why have students at night school decided to make education a priority? Because they are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they’ve got7) What is the point of this essay? What does it have to do with the subject of learning?The essay aims at urging students to take a positive attitude towards flunking because working hard at school will eventually help students to be qualified for their future jobs.2. 词汇题1) This research seems to lend some validity（有力的）to the theory that the durg might cause cancer.2) In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment（障碍）to progress.3) Anthea was about to play her trump card（王牌卡）: without her signature none of the money could be released.4) I flunked（挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college5) I didn’t want to lose my composure（镇静）in front of her.16) The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority（优先）.7) For three hours a committee of state senators listened toa parade（一系列）of local residents giving their opinions8) Thousands of lives will be at stake（在危机关头）if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.9) Brierley’s book has the merit（优点）of being both informative and readable10) I think there was a conspiracy（阴谋）to keep me out of the committee3. 改写题1) These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.resemblance(n.)These diplomas bear a close resemblance to those awardedtheir luckier classmates. 2) I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs.accusation (n.)My accusation against our kids for their poor academic skills was that they took drugs.3) Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops.enroll (v.)Eventually a fortunate few enroll into educational-repair shops.4) However, if style alone won’t do it, there is another way to show.work (v.)However, if this style won’t work, there is another way to show.5)We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments.excuse (n.)Our excuse for this dishonest behavior is that kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments.6) Tens of thousands of 18-years-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas.grant (v.)Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be granted meaningless diplomas.4. 翻译题1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop hisintellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译
Lesson1READING SELECTION AWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse? Universal languageBy Tom McArthur[1] In the year 2000, the language scholar Glanville Price, a Welshman, made the following assertion as editor of the book Languages in Britain and Ireland:For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. (p 141)Some years earlier, in 1992, Robert Phillipson, English academic who currently works in Denmark, published with Oxford a book entitled Linguistic Imperialism. In it, he argued that the major English-speaking countries, the worldwide English-language teaching industry, and notably the British Council pursue policies of linguistic aggrandisement. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberate) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.[2] Phillipson himself worked for some years for the British Council, and he is not alone among Anglophone academics who have sought to point up the dangers of English as a world language. The internationalization of English has in the last few decades been widely discussed in terms of three groups: first, the ENL countries, where English is a native language (this group also being known as the "inner circle"); second, the ESL countries, where English is a second language (the "outer circle"); and third, the EFL countries, where English is a foreign language (the "expanding circle"). Since the 1980s, when such terms became common, this third circle has in fact expanded to take in the entire planet.[3] For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English. There have been many "world languages", such as Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.[4] English however is probably too close for us to be able to analyze and judge it as dispassionately, as we may now discuss the influence of Classical Chinese on East Asia or of Classical Latin on Western Europe. The jury is still out in the trial of the English language, and may take several centuries to produce its verdict, but even so we can ask, in this European Year of Languages, whether Price and Phillipson are right to warn us all about the language that I am using at this very moment.[5] It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse. An example is Australia, which is routinely regarded as a straightforward English-speaking country. The first Europeans who went there often used Latin to describe and discuss the place. The word Australia itself is Latin; evidently no one at the time thought of simply calling it "Southland" (which is what Australia means). In addition, in South Australia there is a wide stretch of land called the Nullarbor Plains, the first word of which sounds Aboriginal, but nullarbor is Latin and means "no trees". And most significantly of all, the early settlers called the continent a terra nullius. According to the Encarta World English Dictionary (1999) the Latin phrase terra nullius means:... the idea and legal concept that when the first Europeans arrived in Australia the land was owned by no one and therefore open to settlement. It has been judged not to be legally valid.But that judgment was made only recently. When the Europeans arrived, Australia was thinly populated—but populated nonetheless—from coast to coast in every direction. There were hundreds of communities and languages. Many of these languages have died out, many more are in the process of dying out, and these dead and dying languages have been largely replaced by either kinds of pidgin English or general Australian English. Depending on your point of view, this is either a tragic loss or the price of progress.[6] At the same time, however, can the blame for the extinction of Aboriginal languages be laid specifically at the door of English? The first Europeans to discover Australia were Dutch, and their language might have become the language of colonization and settlement. Any settler language could have had the same effect. If for example the Mongols had sustained their vast Eurasian empire, Mongolian might have become a world language and gone to Australia. Again, if history had been somewhat different, today's world language might have been Arabic, a powerful language in West Asia and North Africa that currently affects many smaller languages, including Coptic and Berber. Spanish has adversely affected indigenous languages in so-called "Latin" America, and Russian has spread from Europe to the Siberian Pacific. If English is a curse and a killer, it may only be so in the sense that any large language is likely to influence and endanger smaller languages.[7] Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. Let us instead look at something rather different: the issue of politics, justice, and equality. My object lesson this time is South Africa. Ten years ago, South Africa ceased to be governed on principles of racial separateness, a system known in Afrikaans (a language derived from Dutch) as apartheid. The system arose because the Afrikaner community—European settlers of mainly Dutch descent—saw themselves as superior to the indigenous people of the land they had colonized.[8] English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. However, the language through which this opposition gained strength and organization was English, which became for them the key language of freedom and unity, not of oppression. There are today eleven official languages in South Africa—English, Afrikaans, and nine vernacular languages that include Zulu, Ndebele, and Setswana. But which of these nine do black South Africans use (or plan to use) as their national lingua franca? Which do they wish their children to speak and write successfully (in addition to their mother tongues)? The answer is none of the above. They want English, and in particular they want a suitably Africanized English.[9] So, a curse for the indigenous peoples of Australia and something of a blessing for those in South Africa...[10] How then should we think of English in our globalizing world with its endangered diversities? The answer, it seems to me, is crystal clear. Like many things, English is at times a blessing and at times a curse—for individuals, for communities, for nations, and even for unions of nations. The East Asian symbolism of yin and yang might serve well here: There is something of yang in every yin, of yin in every yang. Although they are opposites, they belong together: in this instance within the circle of communication. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. (1, 292 words)ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Tom McArthur is founder editor of the Oxford Companion to the English Language(1992) and the quarterly English Today: The International Review of the English Language (Cambridge, 1985— ). His more than 20 published works include the Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English(1981), Worlds of Reference: Language, Lexicography and Learning from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (1986), and The English Languages (1998). He is currently Deputy Director of the Dictionary Research Center at the University of Exeter.EXERCISESI. Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the, following statements.1. It can be inferred from Glanville Price's statement that he is ______.A. happy that English is everywhere in Britain and IrelandB. worried about the future of the remaining Celtic languagesC. shocked by the diversity of languages in Britain and IrelandD. amazed that many people in the UK still speak their Aboriginal languages2. Cumbric is used as an example of ______.A. a local dialectB. a victim of the English languageC. a language that is on the verge of extinctionD. a language that is used by only a limited number of people3. Which of the following is the major concern of the book Linguistic Imperialism?A. English teaching overseas.B. British government's language policies.C. Dominance of English over other languages.D. The role of English in technology advancement.4. Both Price and Phillipson are ______.A. government officialsB. advocates of linguistic imperialismC. in support of language policies carried out by the British CouncilD. concerned about the negative effect of English on smaller languages5. According to the text, the EFL countries ______.A. are large in numberB. is known as the "outer circle"C. will be endangered by EnglishD. have made English their official language6. According to McArthur, Chinese is different from English in that ______.A. it has made a great contribution to the worldB. it has had positive influence on other languagesC. it may result in the disappearance of other languagesD. it probably will not endanger the existence of other languages7. When he said the jury is out in the trial" (Line 3, Paragraph 4), McArthur meant ______.A. punishment is dueB. the jury is waiting for a trialC. no decision has been made yetD. there is no one to make the decision8. Australia might be used as an example to show that ______.A. languages are changing all the timeB. some English words are derived from LatinC. English has promoted the progress of some nationsD. English should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages9. Many people see English as a blessing for people in ______.A. AustraliaB. East AsiaC. South AfricaD. ESL countries10. The main theme of this speech is that ______.A. English should be taught worldwideB. English as a world language does more harm than goodC. we should be objective to the internationalization of EnglishD. we should be aware of (realize) the danger of English as a world languageB. Questions on global understanding and logical structures1. Why does McArthur introduce Glanville Price and Robert Phillipson's points of view on the spread of English? What is his? Intention?McArthur quotes Price’s assertion and cites Pillipson’s viewpoint on the spread of English as sort of cons to initiate his argument. Cons are usually popularly believed arguments or opinions that are against the author’s point of view. Cons are commonly used writing techniques and are often employed in order to appeal the audience and highlight the author’sviewpoint.2. Does McArthur agree with what Price and Phillipson argued? From as early as which section does McArthur show his attitude? Toward the dominance of English as a world English?No. McArthur’s opinion is different from Price and Pillipson’s arguments. He doesn’t believe that English is a killer and should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages. He sees English as both a blessing and a curse, maybe as a blessing more than a curse. After introducing Price and Pillipson’s viewpoints, McArthur writes about his own ideas on the iss ue of English as a world language. From the sentence “For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English”, we can learn that McArthur does not curse English like Price and Pillipson and he has a different point of view.3. By reading "It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse", could we conclude that McArthur believes English is a curse?No. This sentence is a kind of justification. Although McArthur literally justifies the fact that there are situations where people might call English a curse, he doesn’t believe that English is virtually a curse. By adding the word “certainly” McArthur shows his intent.4. Could you pick up some words and expressions that signal change or continuation in McArthur's thought?“For good or for ill”(paragraph 3) /“however” (paragraph 4) /“But”(paragraph 5) / “At the same time,however”(paragraph 6) /“Yet”(paragraph 7)5. How many parts can this speech be divided? How are the parts organized?Part One: paragraphs 1 and 2. These two paragraphs introduce the situation that many academics argue against English as a world language.Part Two: paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Paragraph three is a transitional paragraph that initiates McArthur’s own argument. In these paragraphs McArthur argues that English is not only a curse as many people have believed, but a blessing as well.Part Three: paragraph 10. McArthur concludes in the last paragraph that English may be a curse or a blessing depends on different situations and we should make advantages of world languages and avoid their disadvantages.II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments./ reward rewardingA. toughB. demandingC. diverseD. benign4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A. sizeableB. adverse(negative)C. beneficialD. consequential6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursueC. abandon/ abundantD. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemonyC. complexD. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate)8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolveB. constituteC. tolerateD. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A. endangeredB. domesticatedC. indigenousD. extinctB. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point up by and large take in descent for good or illleave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. [criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic]A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and 1 by the English educator I. A. Richards. Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and 2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was that any idea, 4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-word primary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and _ 6 ), and 100 general "operational" words, mainly verbs and prepositions. Almost all the words were in 7 use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating 9 the use of 18 "basic" verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be.Numerous words which have the same or similar meanings and by verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. These verbs were generally combined with prepositions, such as up, among, under, in, and forward. For example,a Basic English student would use the expression “go up”10 "ascend". (Semantic / grammatical criterion)1. A. created B. publicized C. invented D. operated2. A. proved B. provided C. projected D. promoted3. A. advantages B. objections C. obstacles D. facileties4. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever5. A. comprised of B. made of C. composed of D. constituted of6. A. personalities B. properties C. preferences D. perceptions/ perceive)7. A. common B. ordinary C. average D. nonprofessional8. A. in all B. at times C. for good D. in part/ partially)9. A. experiencing B. exchanging C. excluding D. extending10. A. in spite of =despite B. in favor of C. instead of D. in case ofII. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
研究生 英语阅读教程 第三版 课文 lesson 11
Lesson 11 Mind over machineCarl zimmerSome monkey business in a Duke University lab suggests we’ll soon be able to move artificial limbs, control robotic soldiers, and communicate across thousands of miles—using nothing but our thoughts.[1] Something incredible is happening in a lab at Duke University,s Center for Neuroengineering—though ,at first ,it is hard to see just what it is. A robot arm swings from side to side, eerily lifelike, as if it extends its mechanical hand. The hand clamp shuts and squeezes for a few seconds , then relaxes its grip and pulls back to shoot out again in a new direction. OK ,nothing particularly astonishing here—robot arms , after all , do everything from building our cars to sequencing our DNA . But those robot arms are operated by software ; the arm at Duke follows commands of s different sort. To see where those commands are coming from, you have to follow a tangled trail of the lab and down the hall to another, smaller room.[2] Inside this room sits a motionless macaque monkey.[3] The monkey is strapped in a chair ,staring at a computer screen . On the screen a black dot moves from side to side ; when it stops ,a circle widens around it. You would not know just from watching , but that dot represents the movement of the arm in the other room . The circle indicates the squeezing of its robotic grip ; as the force of the grip increase ,the circle widens . In other words , the dot an the circle are responding to the robot arm’s movements . And the arm ? It is being directed by monkey .[4] Did i mention the monkey is motionless?[5] Take another look at those cables : They snake into the back of the computer and then out again ,terminating in a cap on the monkey’s head ,where they receive signals from hundreds of electrodes buried in its brain. The monkey is directing the robot with its thoughts.[6] For decads scientist have pondered ,speculated on ，and pooh-poohed the possibility of a direct interface between a brain and a machine —only in the late 1990s did scientists start learning enough about the brain and signal-processing to offer glimmers of hope that this science-fiction vision could become reality . Since then ,insights into the working of the brain —how it encodes commands for the body , and how it learns to improve those commands over time —have piled up at an astonishing pace ,and the researchers at Duke studying the maceque and the robotic arm are at the leading edge of the technology .“This goes way beyond what’s been done before,”says neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis , co-director of the Center for Neurogengineering. Indeed , the performance of the center’s monkeys suggests that a mind-machine merger could become a reality in humans very soon .[7] Nicolelis and his team are confident that in five years they will be able to build a robot arm that can be controlled by a person with electrode implanted in his or her brain . Ther chief focus is medical —they aim to give people with paralyzed limbs a new tool to make everyday life easier. But the success they and other groups of scientists are achieving has triggered broader excitement in both the public and private sectors . The defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has already doled out $24 million to various brain-machine research efforts across the Unite d States , and Duke group among them . High on DARPA’a wish list : mind -controlled battle robots , and airplanes that can be flown with nothing more than thought . You were hoping for something a bit closer to home ? How about a mental telephone that you could use simply by thinking about talking .[8] The notion of decoding the brain’s commands can seem , on the face of it ,to be pure hubris. How could any computer eavesdrop on all the goings-on that take place in there every moment of ordinary life ?[9] Yet after a century of neurological breakthroughs ,scientists aren’t so intimidated by the brain ;they treat it as just another information processor , albeit the most complex one in the word .“We don’t see the brain as being a mysterious organ ,”says Gr aig Henriquez ,Nicolelis’s fellow co-director of the Center for Neuroengineering . “We see 1s and 0s popping out of the brain, and we’re decoding it .”[10] The source of all those 1s and 0s is ,of course ,the brain’s billons of neurons . When a neuron gets an incoming stimulus at one end —for example , photons strike the retina , which sends that visual information to a nearby neuron —an electric pulse travels the neuron’s length . Depending on the signals it receives ,a neuron can crackle with hundreds of these impulses every second . When each impulse reaches the far end of the neuron , it triggers the cell to dump neurotransmitters that can spark a new impulse in a neighboring neuron . In the way , the signal gets passed around the brain like a baton in a footrace . Ultimately , this rapid-fire code gives rise to electrical impulses that travel along nerves that lead out of the brain and spread through the body ,causing muscles to contract and relax in all sorts of different patterns ,letting us blink, speak ,walk ,or play the sousaphone .[11] in the 1930s ,neuroscientist began to record these impulses with implantable electrodes. Although each neuron is in an insulating sheath ,an impulse still creates a weak electric field outside the cell . Researchers studying rat and monkey brains found that by placing the sensitive tip of an electrode near a neuron they could pick up the sudden changes in the electric field that occurred through the cell .[12] The more scientists studied this neural code , the more they realized that it wasn’t all that different from the on-off digital code of computers . If scientist could decipher the code —to translate one signal as “lift hand ”and another as “lift hand ” and another as “look left ”,they could use the information to operate a machine . “this is not new ,” says John Chapin , a collaborator with the Duke researchers who works at the State University of New York Downstate Health Science Center in Brooklyn . “People have thought about it since the 1960s”[13] But most researchers assumed that each type of movement was governed by a specific handful of the brain’s billions of neurons —the need to monitor the whole brain in order to find those few would make the successful decoding a practical impossibility . “If you wanted to have a robot arm move left ,” Chapin explain , “you would have to find that small set of neurons that would carry the command to move to the left ”. But you don’t know where those cells are in advance .[14] Thus everything that was known at the time suggested that brain-machine interfaces were a fool’s errand .Everything , it turned out ,was wrong .(1,145 words)。
研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版Lesson11精品PPT课件
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have taught him he reaches championship heights in his sport and in his personal life. (When asked if the story was true, David Naster replied, “I intended for it to just be a great heart – warming fiction story – which it is.” You will find wonderful lessons on which to reflect.)
●警察用手握住手枪柄。 The policeman p of his pistol.
●那把刀的刀柄与众不同。 The knife has a very unusual grip.
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2) firm hold ●他紧紧抓住绳子，把箱子拉上来了。 He took a grip of the rope and hauled the box up.
to have \hold sb in the palm of sb's hand: to have a strong influence on someone, so that they do what you want them to do
●他已经完全控制了整个委员会。 He has got the committee in the palm of his hand.
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译
Lesson1READING SELECTION AWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse? Universal languageBy Tom McArthur[1] In the year 2000, the language scholar Glanville Price, a Welshman, made the following assertion as editor of the book Languages in Britain and Ireland:For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. (p 141)Some years earlier, in 1992, Robert Phillipson, English academic who currently works in Denmark, published with Oxford a book entitled Linguistic Imperialism. In it, he argued that the major English-speaking countries, the worldwide English-language teaching industry, and notably the British Council pursue policies of linguistic aggrandisement. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberate) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.[2] Phillipson himself worked for some years for the British Council, and he is not alone among Anglophone academics who have sought to point up the dangers of English as a world language. The internationalization of English has in the last few decades been widely discussed in terms of three groups: first, the ENL countries, where English is a native language (this group also being known as the "inner circle"); second, the ESL countries, where English is a second language (the "outer circle"); and third, the EFL countries, where English is a foreign language (the "expanding circle"). Since the 1980s, when such terms became common, this third circle has in fact expanded to take in the entire planet.[3] For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English. There have been many "world languages", such as Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.[4] English however is probably too close for us to be able to analyze and judge it as dispassionately, as we may now discuss the influence of Classical Chinese on East Asia or of Classical Latin on Western Europe. The jury is still out in the trial of the English language, and may take several centuries to produce its verdict, but even so we can ask, in this European Year of Languages, whether Price and Phillipson are right to warn us all about the language that I am using at this very moment.[5] It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse. An example is Australia, which is routinely regarded as a straightforward English-speaking country. The first Europeans who went there often used Latin to describe and discuss the place. The word Australia itself is Latin; evidently no one at the time thought of simply calling it "Southland" (which is what Australia means). In addition, in South Australia there is a wide stretch of land called the Nullarbor Plains, the first word of which sounds Aboriginal, but nullarbor is Latin and means "no trees". And most significantly of all, the early settlers called the continent a terra nullius. According to the Encarta World English Dictionary (1999) the Latin phrase terra nullius means:... the idea and legal concept that when the first Europeans arrived in Australia the land was owned by no one and therefore open to settlement. It has been judged not to be legally valid.But that judgment was made only recently. When the Europeans arrived, Australia was thinly populated—but populated nonetheless—from coast to coast in every direction. There were hundreds of communities and languages. Many of these languages have died out, many more are in the process of dying out, and these dead and dying languages have been largely replaced by either kinds of pidgin English or general Australian English. Depending on your point of view, this is either a tragic loss or the price of progress.[6] At the same time, however, can the blame for the extinction of Aboriginal languages be laid specifically at the door of English? The first Europeans to discover Australia were Dutch, and their language might have become the language of colonization and settlement. Any settler language could have had the same effect. If for example the Mongols had sustained their vast Eurasian empire, Mongolian might have become a world language and gone to Australia. Again, if history had been somewhat different, today's world language might have been Arabic, a powerful language in West Asia and North Africa that currently affects many smaller languages, including Coptic and Berber. Spanish has adversely affected indigenous languages in so-called "Latin" America, and Russian has spread from Europe to the Siberian Pacific. If English is a curse and a killer, it may only be so in the sense that any large language is likely to influence and endanger smaller languages.[7] Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. Let us instead look at something rather different: the issue of politics, justice, and equality. My object lesson this time is South Africa. Ten years ago, South Africa ceased to be governed on principles of racial separateness, a system known in Afrikaans (a language derived from Dutch) as apartheid. The system arose because the Afrikaner community—European settlers of mainly Dutch descent—saw themselves as superior to the indigenous people of the land they had colonized.[8] English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. However, the language through which this opposition gained strength and organization was English, which became for them the key language of freedom and unity, not of oppression. There are today eleven official languages in South Africa—English, Afrikaans, and nine vernacular languages that include Zulu, Ndebele, and Setswana. But which of these nine do black South Africans use (or plan to use) as their national lingua franca? Which do they wish their children to speak and write successfully (in addition to their mother tongues)? The answer is none of the above. They want English, and in particular they want a suitably Africanized English.[9] So, a curse for the indigenous peoples of Australia and something of a blessing for those in South Africa...[10] How then should we think of English in our globalizing world with its endangered diversities? The answer, it seems to me, is crystal clear. Like many things, English is at times a blessing and at times a curse—for individuals, for communities, for nations, and even for unions of nations. The East Asian symbolism of yin and yang might serve well here: There is something of yang in every yin, of yin in every yang. Although they are opposites, they belong together: in this instance within the circle of communication. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. (1, 292 words)ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Tom McArthur is founder editor of the Oxford Companion to the English Language(1992) and the quarterly English Today: The International Review of the English Language (Cambridge, 1985— ). His more than 20 published works include the Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English(1981), Worlds of Reference: Language, Lexicography and Learning from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (1986), and The English Languages (1998). He is currently Deputy Director of the Dictionary Research Center at the University of Exeter.EXERCISESI. Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the, following statements.1. It can be inferred from Glanville Price's statement that he is ______.A. happy that English is everywhere in Britain and IrelandB. worried about the future of the remaining Celtic languagesC. shocked by the diversity of languages in Britain and IrelandD. amazed that many people in the UK still speak their Aboriginal languages2. Cumbric is used as an example of ______.A. a local dialectB. a victim of the English languageC. a language that is on the verge of extinctionD. a language that is used by only a limited number of people3. Which of the following is the major concern of the book Linguistic Imperialism?A. English teaching overseas.B. British government's language policies.C. Dominance of English over other languages.D. The role of English in technology advancement.4. Both Price and Phillipson are ______.A. government officialsB. advocates of linguistic imperialismC. in support of language policies carried out by the British CouncilD. concerned about the negative effect of English on smaller languages5. According to the text, the EFL countries ______.A. are large in numberB. is known as the "outer circle"C. will be endangered by EnglishD. have made English their official language6. According to McArthur, Chinese is different from English in that ______.A. it has made a great contribution to the worldB. it has had positive influence on other languagesC. it may result in the disappearance of other languagesD. it probably will not endanger the existence of other languages7. When he said the jury is out in the trial" (Line 3, Paragraph 4), McArthur meant ______.A. punishment is dueB. the jury is waiting for a trialC. no decision has been made yetD. there is no one to make the decision8. Australia might be used as an example to show that ______.A. languages are changing all the timeB. some English words are derived from LatinC. English has promoted the progress of some nationsD. English should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages9. Many people see English as a blessing for people in ______.A. AustraliaB. East AsiaC. South AfricaD. ESL countries10. The main theme of this speech is that ______.A. English should be taught worldwideB. English as a world language does more harm than goodC. we should be objective to the internationalization of EnglishD. we should be aware of (realize) the danger of English as a world languageB. Questions on global understanding and logical structures1. Why does McArthur introduce Glanville Price and Robert Phillipson's points of view on the spread of English? What is his? Intention?McArthur quotes Price’s assertion and cites Pillipson’s viewpoint on the spread of English as sort of cons to initiate his argument. Cons are usually popularly believed arguments or opinions that are against the author’s point of view. Cons are commonly used writing techniques and are often employed in order to appeal the audience and highlight the author’sviewpoint.2. Does McArthur agree with what Price and Phillipson argued? From as early as which section does McArthur show his attitude? Toward the dominance of English as a world English?No. McArthur’s opinion is different from Price and Pillipson’s arguments. He doesn’t believe that English is a killer and should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages. He sees English as both a blessing and a curse, maybe as a blessing more than a curse. After introducing Price and Pillipson’s viewpoints, McArthur writes about his own ideas on the iss ue of English as a world language. From the sentence “For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English”, we can learn that McArthur does not curse English like Price and Pillipson and he has a different point of view.3. By reading "It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse", could we conclude that McArthur believes English is a curse?No. This sentence is a kind of justification. Although McArthur literally justifies the fact that there are situations where people might call English a curse, he doesn’t believe that English is virtually a curse. By adding the word “certainly” McArthur shows his intent.4. Could you pick up some words and expressions that signal change or continuation in McArthur's thought?“For good or for ill”(paragraph 3) /“however” (paragraph 4) /“But”(paragraph 5) / “At the same time,however”(paragraph 6) /“Yet”(paragraph 7)5. How many parts can this speech be divided? How are the parts organized?Part One: paragraphs 1 and 2. These two paragraphs introduce the situation that many academics argue against English as a world language.Part Two: paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Paragraph three is a transitional paragraph that initiates McArthur’s own argument. In these paragraphs McArthur argues that English is not only a curse as many people have believed, but a blessing as well.Part Three: paragraph 10. McArthur concludes in the last paragraph that English may be a curse or a blessing depends on different situations and we should make advantages of world languages and avoid their disadvantages.II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments./ reward rewardingA. toughB. demandingC. diverseD. benign4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A. sizeableB. adverse(negative)C. beneficialD. consequential6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursueC. abandon/ abundantD. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemonyC. complexD. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate)8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolveB. constituteC. tolerateD. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A. endangeredB. domesticatedC. indigenousD. extinctB. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point up by and large take in descent for good or illleave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. [criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic]A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and 1 by the English educator I. A. Richards. Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and 2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was that any idea, 4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-word primary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and _ 6 ), and 100 general "operational" words, mainly verbs and prepositions. Almost all the words were in 7 use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating 9 the use of 18 "basic" verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be.Numerous words which have the same or similar meanings and by verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. These verbs were generally combined with prepositions, such as up, among, under, in, and forward. For example,a Basic English student would use the expression “go up”10 "ascend". (Semantic / grammatical criterion)1. A. created B. publicized C. invented D. operated2. A. proved B. provided C. projected D. promoted3. A. advantages B. objections C. obstacles D. facileties4. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever5. A. comprised of B. made of C. composed of D. constituted of6. A. personalities B. properties C. preferences D. perceptions/ perceive)7. A. common B. ordinary C. average D. nonprofessional8. A. in all B. at times C. for good D. in part/ partially)9. A. experiencing B. exchanging C. excluding D. extending10. A. in spite of =despite B. in favor of C. instead of D. in case ofII. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版-课后习题答案-Lesson-1-2-4-6-8-11-12
Lesson 1World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farmingcommunity.A. straightforwardly(直接地)B. notably（显著地，尤其）C. virtually（事实上）D. exceptionally（例外地）译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant（占支配地位的）B. credulous（轻信的）C. inclusive（包含的）D. sustainable（可持续的）译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.A. tough（困难的）B. demanding（苛求的）C. diverse（不同的）D. benign（有利的；善良的）译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice（偏见）B. verification（政审）C. verdict（判断；裁决）D. punishment（惩罚）译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案(1-5课)
7. 我回头望了一下，他 还在门廊下看着我，那 些希腊食物的余味像薄 bo雾一样，在他的头顶 上盘旋。
研究生英语1-5课参考答案
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Lesson 5 Keys to Exercises
Reading Comprehension I.1-5 CDABB 6-10DADCA II. Vocabulary A. 1-5 CBDAB 6-10ACBDC
研究生英语1-5课参考答案
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Translation
• 3.结果一些社团和全国性的团 体向电台施加压力让他们禁止 播这些演员的节目. 这些指控 也促使负责广播事业的监管机 构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调 查. • 4. 这是否意味着在广播电台或 电视台播放的 歌曲中不允许出 现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁 止出现的语言和观念?或者这 是否意味着电台或电视台应该 承认不同的交流或娱乐形式,或 是为不同听众设计的节目, 在 语言上应该具有不同的标准? • 5. 一位作者指出,流行音乐也 成了女孩子们成熟的标志. 在 同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子 那样成熟并能叫容易地与女 孩子建立朋友关系之前,少年 偶像歌星可能会成为男友的 替身但不会对他们构成威胁.
研究生英语1-5课参考答案
5
Key to exercises in Lesson 3
I.Reading comprehension 1-5DACDB 6-10ABCBA II.Vocabulary A. 1-5 CABDA 6-10DCBAD
研究生英语1-5课参考答案
研究生英语1-5课参考答案 4
Key to exercise of Lesson 2
研究生英语阅读教程(第二版基础级)英语课后习题答案
Section A Guessing about Different OccupationsExercise 11. air hostess2. teacher3. dentists4.shop assistant5. tour guide6. salesman7. disc jockey8. traffic warden9. waiter 10. taxi driverExercise 21. airways, flight2. homework3. open up wide, filling, chipped4. larger size, fit, stock5. building, designed6. buys, products7. record, radio 8. yellow line, no-parking, traffic9. menu, chef 10. road, parkSection B Taking MessagesExercise 11. Meet Stacey at school at 4:30 .Stacey has told others.Bring volleyball and Stacey's money.2. Dinner with Tim on Thursday.Will meet at 7:00 instead of 6: 3 0.Will pick you up at your place.3. Dr White.Dental check-up.Thursday, 2 pm.Call if not convenient.4. Diane called.Ruth Lee needs a ride tomorrow.Can you take her?Call her 547-68925. Car ready next Tuesday.Car needed a lot of work.Replaced battery but still working on starter.Will cost around $ 350.You need new snow tires.Section C Leaving a MessageExercise 11. Petty.2. Jenny.3.4.Exercise 21. a hair-dryer2. ring3. the end of May4. shoeExercise 3 4.48 5 3 7 2 4 6 9 1Section D What's HappeningExercise 1A. 6B. 5C. 2D. 3E. 4F. 1Picture A: Yes, delicious, like to have some more.Picture B: Yes, good teacher.Picture C: Yes, great game. What a Play!Picture D: No, the service is so slow, expensive.Picture E: No, boring, terrible, bad.Picture F: No, awful, too crowded, too loud, terrible music.'Part III Listening Comprehension Test1. D2. C3. A4. B5. D6. C7. B8. A9. C 10. CUnit TwoPart I Listening PracticeSection A Guessing about the Situation and SpeakerExercise 11. football match2. law court3. church4. quiz show5. airport6. weather forecast7. car showroom8. driving lesson9. school 10. tour (of London) Exercise 21. football commentator2. judge3. priest4. TV presenter5. announcer6. weather forecaster7. car salesman8. driving instructor9. school principal 10. tour guide Section B Looking for a FlatExercise 1 (omitted)Exercise 21. 34 New Street in Kanden2. $ 75 including gas and electricity3. one bedroom flat, central heating, small kitchen, bathroom, washing machine4. Mrs Green5. 4 o'clock this afternoonSection C Finding out the House RulesExercise 11. Landlord and tenant.2. The man is talking about house rules.3. She has agreed.Exercise 21. Don't allow the cat to go upstairs.2. No smoking in bedrooms.3. Don't stick pictures with sellotape on the wall.4. Close the window when you go out.5. Don't put the kettle on the chest of drawers.Section D Apartments for RentExercise 1Thomas Street University Avenue Taft Road Metcalf StreetExercise 21. Metcalf Street2. Thomas Street3. University Avenue4. Taft RoadPart Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. C4. B5. B6. C7. B8. C9. B 10. DPart I Listening PracticeSection A Listening for Specific. Information Exercise 11. Weight; 13 pounds2. A car; 6503. A cash-card; 89764. A fax; 593381; Code--4408655. A bank account; 609177186. A foreign exchange counter; 410 000 pesos; Exchange rate; 4 100 to 17. Weather; 83°F8. Waterloo; 1815Exercise 21. On a diet and doing a keep-fit class.2. Rusty, expensive.3. Yes.4. He'll contact him and talk about the new contract.5. Probably in a bank.6. For a holiday.7. Because Dave and Jane are there. 8. Quiz.Section B Describing Different People1. Sex: female Age: about 35 Height: about averageHair: long black Others: glasses, yellow flower2. Sex: male Age: an older man about seventyHeight: rather short, about five feet or five feet twoHair: grey, mustache Others: white flower in jacket3. Sex: female Age: quite young, about thirty.Height: really tall Hair: blond Others: carrying red flowers4. Sex: male Age: about forty-five Height: very tallHair: very long, dark Others: no flower; wearing a T-shirt saying "Bruce Springs Is the Boss!" Section C Taking a PhotoExercise 1A. 4B. 5C. 2D. 6E. 3F. 1Exercise 26 4 2 3 1 5 photos, coin, stool, dial, background, flashSection D Express Company1. Prepaid express bag servicemajor cities $ 10Buy a bag in advance.Call for a quick pick-up2. Same day serviceWithin the city $ 8They will go to you.3. Express road serviceAny townDepends on distance and weightFor larger packagesFor further details call: Tel: 33445656Ask: for the sales departmentPart III Listening Comprehension Test1.B2.D3.B4. B.5.B6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. CUnit FourPart I Listening PracticeSection A Telephoning about Jobs tonExercise 1Exercise 21. part-time, Saturday and Sunday, eight hours a day2. full-time, Tuesday through Sunday, from 5 to about 12. Pay is $3.35 an hour3. working nights; five or six days a week4. a weekend job; three evenings a week, hours are five to midnightSection B Talking about JobsExercise 1Diane--waitress Tracy—typist Gred--car salesman Joe--businessman Exercise 21. F2. T3. F4. F5. F6. F7. FSection C A Same Job or a New Job1. Liza new job2. Tom same job3. Brian new job4. Kay new job5. Janice new job Section D Interview about a JobAl Employment Agency1. Full Name: Jessica Richards2. Address: 33 Landseer Road, Newtown3. Tel: _______4. Date of Birth: March 19th, 19805. Education: Secondary6. Examinations passed: English, Chemistry, Maths, French, Physics, and Biology7. Interests (hobbies & sports): playing the piano, in a jazz band, water-skiing8. Experience? Previous posts: lab assistant9. Post or position required: lab assistant10. Any special requests: noPart Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. B4. C5. D6. C7. A8. C9. A 10. BUnit FivePart I Listening PracticeSection A Gussing the MeaningExercise 11. a pair of trousers2. a return ticket3. a newspaper and mints/sweets4. ballet or theatre tickets5. drinks6. tickets for a coach trip7. haircut8. soup and fish9. a game of squash10. medicine for the throatExercise 21. in a clothes shop2. at the station3. at a newsagent's4. at a box-office5. at a pub6. in a travel agency7. at a barber's8. in a restaurant9. at a sports club 10. at a chemist'sSection B ShoppingExercise 1gold pen $ 135 bracelet $ 545 ring $ 1,259 watch $ 23.75 calculator $ 7.85 Exercise 21. watch2. ring3. pen4. bracelet5. They are too expensive for her. Section C Paying for the Things1. personal check2. credit card3. personal check4. cash5. traveler's check Section D Andrew's ComplaintEquipment: electric fanNo. : BE 42703-02 Size: medium Color: blue Made in/date: 1985Fault: It doesn't work.Purchaser: Andrew Emmett Address: 5 Rainbow Terrace West Old-Field SurreyPhone No.: 77480Part Listening Comprehension Test1. B2. C3. B4. D5. D6. D7. C8. C9. C 10. CUnit SixPart I Listening PracticeSection A Guessing about TopicsExercise 11. garden2. vending-machine3. microwave oven4. computer/word-processor/video game5. clothes6. hifi /music system7. art8. concert9. tennis10. holidaysExercise 21. lawn, flower beds, fence2. button, cold water, hot chocolate3. food, be cooked in no time, electricity4. switch, disc, programme5. fit, tight, shrink, suit6. compact, speaker, cassette player7. modern, abstract, colors and forms 8. singer, guitars, drums, records9. player, backhand, score 10. tan, beach, hotel, campingSection B Plans for Weekend1. Pat2. Jill3. Mary4. Sam5. Ted6. JaneSection C Discussing Plans for the Weekend1. B2. C3. B4. C5. A6. BSection D Making ArrangementsExercise 1A. 2B.4C. 3D. 1Exercise 21. bring: records meet: bus stop2. bring: sandwiches, fishing rod and drinks meet: at the river3. bring: white wine meet: at Pat's house4. bring: dessert--chocolate cake and soda meet: in front of his housePart III Listening Comprehension Test1. D2. B3. A4. C5. C6. B7. D8. B9. D 10. BUnit SevenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Owning a CarExercise 1Reason for owning a car:1. allows a person to move around freely2. a comfortable way to travel3. safe at nightReasons against owning a car:1. very expensive2. cause worry and stressExercise 21. check a bus schedule, a train2. warm, dry, cold, wet3. walk down, a stop, dark corner4. maintain, repair5. urban, park .A6. on the street, get stolen, something elseSection B The Self Drive Car Hire CenterExercise 1July 7th, after 4 o'clock on the FridayBy 10 o'clock on the Monday￡29.25First 300 milesExercise 21. F2. F3. T4. F5. FSection C Car PoolExercise 11. In a car near New York.2. The main part of New York is Manhattan which is an island.3. At tunnels or bridges.4. In a car with only one person.5. Park their cars outside the city and pick up public transport.Exercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. F8. TSection D Drunk DrivingExercise 11. A. 44 000 peopleB. drunk driversC. stricter laws2. a 30-year-old, CaliforniaA. 4 bottles of beerB. speedingC. ran through, crashed into3. A. justifiedB. too harshly, he had not planned the accidentC. not the first time he had been arrested for drunk drivingD. he had his driver's license suspended for 6 months his license has been revoked for life Exercise 21. Stricter laws have been passed.2. You will be considered a murderer.3. At the intersection.4. Five people.5. He was sentenced to 77 years in prison.Part Listening Comprehension Test1. A2. C3. A4. B5. C6. B7. D8. A9. D 10. AUnit EightPart I Listening PracticeSection A Safari ParkExercise 1Exercise 21. They can pet the rabbits, sheep, and other animals.2. There are items from many parts of the world.3. They believe in taking care of the environment.4. It is both educational and interesting.5. Bats, owls and other animals.Section B Safari TourExercise 11. You mustn't get off the land-rover without permission.2. You must all stay close to the guide.3. You all have to sign these insurance declarations.4. You mustn't disturb the animals.Exercise 21. land-rover, could be attacked2. company regulation, sign3. disturb, wild, tame, zoos4. 50 miles, 805. insect repellent, drinking water, rolls of 35mm film, packed lunchSection C The Afternoon TourExercise 1The cathedral was built in 1241. It was designed by Hugo De-rash, a French, so it's in Norman style. You can see part of the wall, a small statue beside a fountain. It's in the market place and a regular Tuesday market is held. There is a flower market every two weeks on Saturdays in Summer. The worn statue represents Venus, and the water comes from the springs in the hills and is very clear.Exercise 21. 12412. Hugo Derash, France, brother3. Norman4. wall5. modern6. Venus, Goddess of Love7. flower, two8. Tuesday9. clear 10. springs in the hills Section D Julie's VacationExercise 11. urban holiday, camping2. Stanley park, aquarium, Grouse Mountain, museums, galleries3. ride over, deck, sat inside, read magazinesExercise 21. It's cold and miserable.2. It's much an elegant city with a lot of British influence.3. A pin with a tiny totem pole on it.Part III Listening Comprehension Test1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6. B7. C8. A9. D 10. AListening Test One1. C2. A3. D4. C5. B6. B7. C8. D9. A 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B16. Three stages: marriage by capture; marriage by contract or purchase; marriage based on mutual love.17. It symbolizes the period when the bridegroom hid his captured bride until her kinsmen grew tired of searching for her.18. The "wed" was the money, horses, or cattle which the groom gave as security and as a pledge to prove his purchase of the bride from her father.19. Blue was the color of purity, love and fidelity.20. Bridesmaids remind us of the days when there had to be ten witnesses at the solemn marriage ceremony.Listening Test Two1. B2. B3. D4. C5. A6. D7. C8. B9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B16. Primitive.17. Measure progress of students, show what they are lacking.18. Selection and promotion.19. Test results lack validity and reliability; Teacher and students work for high marks instead of learning.20. Some Asian students with very high TOEFL marks turn out to be poor in their communication skills in the US.Unit NinePart I Listening PracticeSection A Stress and Your HealthExercise 1Person 1: I can't sleep.Person 2: I eat mostly snack foods.Person 3: I can't stop smoking, drink more beer.Person 4: I can't eat.Exercise 21. fatigue2. listlessness3. sleeping problems4. loss of appetite or stomach disorder5. heart palpitationsSection B Student StressExercise 11. pressure, parents, myself, academically, exactly, track record2. quarter system, beginning, end, middle, screw up, messed up, well ordered, perfect3. eleventh week, ten-week, half-week, exams4. cumulative, incorporate, different problemsExercise 21. quiet, nervous, distracted, around, music, C’s2. library3. desk, room, straight, awake, comfortable4. night, quietSection C Techniques for Managing Stress (1)Exercise 11. What we can do with stress?2. Four points:a. Recognition of stress and welcome it.b. Be thankful, an attitude of gratitude to life for life. 0c. To set my body in position to take whatever comes along and to utilize it properly.d. To maintain the hormonal system in a proper state of balance.3. Because a thankful attitude maintains the hormonal system in a proper state of balance so that we are able to take whatever action necessary in a constructive way.Exercise 21. to become aware of potentially stressful situations and avoid them2. to reduce our workload and organize the work in a better way3. to get the proper rest and exercise4. to find a balance between work and playSection D Techniques for Managing Stress (2)Exercise 11. She can't lower her workload right now.2. Visualization or meditation, more positive outlook, mentally planning your day's activities in a less stressful way.3. How to deal with the stress.4. A sport called crew to achieve physical and mental balance.5. Do the emotions have a great deal to do with the disease and healing process?6. Dr Norman Cousins laughed himself back to health.Exercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5.F6. TPart III Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B 6B 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. CUnit TenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Personal HeroesExercise 1Dr Martin Luther Kingwon the Nobel Peace Prizeagainst racismwas peacefulMother Teresa of Calcuttahelped poor peoplewon the Nobel Peace Prizehelped sick peoplewas peacefulNavajo Code-Talkerssoldiersare well-known by native American peopleExercise 21. racism, discrimination, peaceful, guts2. send, receive messages, language, figured out3. poorest, Calcutta, India, feed, take care of,Section B Akio Morita (Mr Sony)Exercise 11. In Nagoya, Japan.2. A rice drink called sake.3. A very small radio.4. Walkman.5. Because of the high quality.6. In 1963.7. Mr Sony.Exercise 21. 1 22. 1 23. 2 14. 2 1Section C Discovery of Sigmund Freud (1)Exercise 11. hypnosis T2. long talks with patients3. study of dreams in order to learn the cause of mental and emotional problemsExercise 2young Greek man, sat by pool, looked down and saw his face in water, so pleased by his beautiful face, sat long, grew roots, became flower narcissusExercise 31. a. at birth, first, themselvesb. emotions, pass, there are other people around them2. a. warmth, security, loveb. attention, love, warmthSection D Discovery of Sigmund Freud (2)Exercise 1as a child, separated from parents; as an adult, killed his father, married his own mother without knowing, put out his eyes to punish himselfExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. T7. TPart III Listening Comprehension Test1. B2. D3. A4. A5. A6. C7. D8. B9. B 10. DUnit ElevenPart I Listening PracticeExercise 2Section A Premonitions of the Sinking of the TitanicExercise 11. take the form of dreams or visions strong feelings, ideas, or guesses that come into people's minds for no apparent reason2. in the early morning of April 15, 1912 Titanic struck an iceberg and sank 150220 cases of premonitions3. FutilityFiction: Titan1898sank after hitting an iceberg unsinkable linerlifeboatsFact: TitanicApril 15, 1912sank after hitting an iceberg unsinkable linerlifeboatsExercise 21. a passenger on the doomed ship, over 20 years earlier2. nine people, in which a ship like the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank3. Two clairvoyants4. Several other people, something would go wrong5. would-be passengers, they canceled their tickets at the last minuteSection B The Titanic and the Andrea DoriaExercise 1Similarities:1. Both ships were transatlantic ocean liners.2. They were both luxury liners.3. As each ship was sinking, there were acts of heroism and acts of villainy.4. Both of these ships were considered "unsinkableDifferences:Titanic1. on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic2. struck an iceberg and sank3. not equipped with radar, only a lookout4. more than 1 500 people died, over 700 survivedAndrea Doria1. on her 101st transatlantic crossing2. collided with another ship and sank3. had radar to warn of the approach of another ship4. 60 people died, about 1 650 were savedExercise 21. I can infer it.2. I heard it.3. I can infer it.4. I cannot infer it.5. I heard it.6. I cannot infer it.Section C Senator Smith Questions a Survivor (1)Exercise 1Reason 1: We had far better save what few we had in my boat. ReasonReason 2: Our boat would be swamped by the crowds that were there..Reason 3: The whole crowd in my boat discouraged me to do that.Reason 4: They said it was rather a mad idea.Exercise 21 100 people, 700 people, 1 000 people, freezing, a few hundred yards, refused to return and try to save, in charge of, tied his lifeboat to another lifeboat, 60 more peopleSection D Senator Smith Questions a Survivor (2)Exercise 1 (omitted)Exercise 21. Smith is a senator and Pitman is a survivor of the Titanic disaster, who is in charge of a lifeboat.2. Not clearly told, but we know there was room for 60 more people in the two boats.3. The whole crowd in Pitman's lifeboat.Part III Listening Comprehension Test1. C2. B3. B4. A5. C6. B7. C8. A9. D 10. AUnit TwelvePart I Listening PracticeSection A Telephone NumbersExercise 11. 3423-6070 3052. 911-1144 2163. 623-4030 3134. 505-6653 5045.610-1214 6176. 632-1010 2027. 211-4579 2128. 397-4231 6029. 974-0012 21510. 864-3079 206Exercise 21. 3132. 2023. 305-342-60704. student's numberSection B Telephone Quiz Exercise 110, 9, 1, 4, 6,2, 7, 8, 5, 3Exercise 21. The number you have dialed has been temporarily disconnected and is no longer in service.2. You can dial that direct.3. Please have her call me back at 654-9234.4. I have a collect call from Sue. Will you accept the charges?5. She isn't here right now. Can I take a message?6. What number did you dial?7. This number is unlisted.8. I'll connect your call. Please hold.9. This is a recording.10. There is no one here by that name.Section C Making ArrangementsSection D Telephone Use in BusinessExercise 11. True2. True3. False4. False5. FalseExercise 21. facial expressions2. gestures3. appearances4. what5. how6. manners7. the third ring8. pick up9. identify 10. put a customer on hold 11.45 seconds 12. personality 13. warmth 14. eagerness 15. voice16. mumble 17. tone of voice 18. minimum 19. hearing 20. commandPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. So that their customers may call them long distance free of charge.2. Dial 0, and ask the operator for the 800-number operator who can help you.3. sell products and services.4. charging very high rates, encouraging unauthorized callers to call.5. Ask your local phone company to block access to 900 numbers from your phone.Talk 21. Cell phone etiquette.2. Inappropriate use of the cell phone is widespread.3. Ten feet.4. Because the cell phone can be distracting or disruptive to others.5. it may interfere with the signals or other sensitive equipment.Unit ThirteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Personal ComputingExercise 1Interview 1 Interview 2Name John Steele Enrique VargasOccupation computer consultant studentType of PC used IBM PC Apple MacintoshReasons for choice1) knows them well 1) easier to use2) exchanges information with other users 2) GUI--lick on icons /no typing in commands3) a lot of software available 3) windows easier to set upExercise 2choose clone easiermouse standard iconscommands set upused toSection B Portable ComputersExercise 11. palmtop2. notebook3. clipboard4. laptop5. desktopSection C Computers in EducationExercise 11. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. FExercise 21. √2. X (you should check that there is good applications software available)3. X (not two factors but three factors, the third being the size of your budget)4. √5. X (the ideal is one computer per student and all computers linked by a local area network)6. X (free access = unlimited access)Section D Computer Security1. The network system isn't very secure.2. A modem.3. What people do with them, e. g. put passwords on scraps of paper on their computer terminals, use their own names or a partner's name, which makes life easy for a hacker.4. It shows a constantly changing number. It is safe as long as you don't leave the card lying around. j5. Steve seems to know a lot.Part IQ Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. Because his company changed the way the world perceived the computer and its role in society.2. 557 million.3. technology.4. technology could be made available to everyone.5. technology could be used to better people's lives and as a tool for creativity.Talk 21. It refers to the idea of marketing a product over the Internet.2. A website.3. it can save time and money.4. a broader market and lower overheads.5. Cybershoppers.Unit FourteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Radio AnnouncementsExercise 11. Event: Midweek Lecture on American HistoryDays: WednesdayTime: 7:00 p.m.Price: FreePlace: Johnson Hall2. Event: Modern Jazz Concert'sDays: Friday & Saturday.Time: 9:00 p.m.Price: $10Place: the New World Night Club3. Event: Houston International Film FestivalDays: Monday to SundayTime: 11:00 a. m.--10 p.m.Price: $ 2.50 eachPlace: the Academy of Arts4. Event: Independence Day FireworksDays: Saturday, July 4Time: 8:30 p. m.Price: FreePlace: City ParkSee the above.Section B Weather ReportExercise 1 (omitted)Exercise 2The following statements are true: 5, 7, 8, 10.Section C Family QuizExercise 11. D2.B3.A4.BExercise 2 (omitted) the way ;oddSection D Taking Time OffExercise 1Sentences 3 and 6 are not on the tape.Exercise 2thirteen, took time off, on several continentsdevelop his body and strength, learn interesting thingsby himself, encourage others to make a similar tripPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. conversational skills.2. Language in Focus.3. fluency.4. The most useful expressions, structures and word combinations used in the workplace today.5. eltradio@bbc. co. uk.Talk 21. To collect and preserve television and radio programs and to make them available to the public.2. 1976.3. artistic, cultural, and historical significance.4. By interpreting and analyzing radio and television programs.5. New York/ Manhattan, Los Angeles.Unit FifteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A AdvertisementsExercise 11. train service / British Rail2. washing powder / Blanco3. credit card / Spendcard4. shampoo / Shine5. car / Puma6. chocolate, sweets / Frolic bar7. whisky / Glengunnich Malt8. newspaper / Daily Herald9. face cream / Petal10. bank / Midwestern1. traffic jams, driving conditions, speed limits, parking, faster, delays, destination2. stains, whiter than white, housewives3. card, services and discounts4. hair, conditioner5. engine, aerodynamic lines, boot, test drive6. nuts, raisins, coconut, biscuity, toffee, delicious, scrumptious7. spring water, Scottish barley, flavour, wooden barrels, taste, tonic, soda8. objective reporting, current issues, news, colour supplement 9. looks, soft and gentle, skin, creamy and smooth, complexion10. invest, interest rates, bank charges, accounts, insurance, mortgages, pensionsSection B Job AdsAdvertisement 11.A2.C3.A4. A5.BAdvertisement 26. B7. A8. A9. C 10. CSection C Cellular Phone AdExercise 1Sentences 4 and 8 are not on the tape.Exercise 21. X2.√3. √4. X5. √6. X7. √Section D Northwest AirlinesExercise 1Sentences 4 and 7 are not on the tape.Exercise 21. √2. X3. √4. X5. √6. X7. XSemiticPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. commercials.2. Happiness, youth, success, status, luxury, fashion, and beauty.3. You can solve all human problems by buying things; modern things are good and traditional things are bad.4. Because it sometimes gives us useful information about different products.5. shopping cheers them up.Talk 21. vanity.2. Shoddy antiques.3. demonstrate her expertise.4. reproduction furniture and paintings.5. had an extensive knowledge of the antique business.Unit SixteenPart I Listening PracticeSection A Popular TV Shows (1)。
研究生英语阅读教程Unit11
Part of the integral pleasure of a joke is getting the point.
But if the sexual or aggressive element of the joke is too
thinly disguised, as in “sick” humor, the joke will leave us
used to fear. The feeling of achievement, or lack of it, remains a crucial factor. Giving a first dinner party is an anxious event for newlyweds. Will the food be good? Will the guests get along? Will they be good hosts? All goes well; the party is over. Now they laugh freely. Their pleasure from having proved their success is the foundation for their pleasure in recalling the evening’s activities. They couldn’t enjoy the second pleasure without the first, more important one—their mastery of anxiety.
In his book Beyond Laughter, psychiatrist Martin Grotjahn says that the earlier infants begin to smile and laugh, the more advanced is their development. Studies revealed that children who did not develop these responses (because they lacked an intimate, loving relationship) “developed a schizophrenic psychosis in later life, or simply gave up and died.”
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译.docx
Vocabulary：Choose the best word from 1 he four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1.There has been much opposition from some social groups, _____ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notably C・ virtually D・ exceptionally2.The _____ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulous C・ inclusive D. sustainable3.But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ____ of governments./ reward->rewardingA・ tough B. demanding C. diverse D. benign4.The foreman read the _____ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice B・ verification C・ verdict D・ punishment5.They fear it could have a(n) _____ effect on global financial markets・A. sizeableB. adverse(negative) C・ beneficial D. consequential6.The UN threatened to _____ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursue C・ abandon/ abundant D. invoke7.There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemony C・ complex D. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate)8.These questions _____ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world・A. evolveB. Constitute 形成C. tolerateD. aroused9.Because of this, a strong administrative ________ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10.I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ a nimals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A・ endangered B・ domesticated C・ indigenous D. extinct1.As the year progressed, the war in Vietnam undeirnined natio nal unity, compelling the preside nt and his advisers to spend much of their time explaining U・ S. policy in Asia.A. weakenedB. stressed C・ broke D・ split2.The picture was different from all the others. It consisted of a lot of discrete spots of colo匚A. mysteriousB. suiprising C・ separate D. bright3.The preparation for the great military overseas operations entailed months of careful planning and preparation.A. entitledB. requiredC. provided D・ deprived4.It was reported that a 19-year-old college student at Berkeley was taken from her apartment. And two days after the abduction a tape recording was sent to a local radio station.A. burglaryB. murder C・ hijack D・ kidnapping5.Mott suffers financially and emotionally as his series of delusional get-rich-quick schemes goes bad.A・ expected B. extravagant C・ ckeamed D・ drained6.Then for a number of African Americans the strategy of the Civil Rights Movement was beginning to appear demeaning and even irrelevant.A. degradingB. destiningC. deviatingD. descending7.The member countries of the organization would act only with the sanction of United Nations.A. punishment B・ sustenance C. approval D・ authorization& Miracles are instantaneous they cannot be summoned, but come of themselves, usually at unlikely moments and to those who least expect them・A. evident B・ immediate C・ inevitable D. hidden9.The Environmental Protection Agency estimated that the cost to industry of compliance with the new rules could be as high as $ 1 billion a year.A. following B・ execution C. accomplishment D. agreeableness10.On the basis of the law, the woman's right is absolute and that she is entitled to terminate her pregnancy at whatever time, in whatever way, and for whatever reason she alone chooses・A. pauseB. complete C・ expire D. stop1.The demise (death) of the industry has caused untold misery to thousands of hard-working (diligent) tradesmen.A. size B・ expansion C・ development D. termination2.There were difficulties for her about making the whole surgery financially viable (feasible) and eventually (finally) she left.A・ practicable B. sufficient C・ deficient D・ impractical3.Learning some basic in formation about preparing and delivering (〜a speech) formal presentati ons can help allay (relieve/ reduce) some of the fear involved in public speaking, [oral presentation]A・ ease [(l)n. feel at 〜；(2)to relieve pain] B・ expressC・ prevent D. dispose (get rid of)4.Whatever the cause (may be), the incident could easily cripple (damage/ paralyze) the peace talks.A・ influence B. damage C・ end D・ complicate (a./ vt.)ernment can and must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster (develop/ cultivate) productivity, not stifle it.A. retainB. repress (suppress)C・ crash D・ abandon (abundant: a. enough)6.He listened keenly to his guests, treated what he heard with complete discretion and never said a malicious word. [malice: n.->malicious: a.] [be keen on sth.]A. disheartening (discouraging<->encourage) B・ sympathetic fsym-: same; pathy: feelingC・ harsh (severe) D. polite [be sympathetic with sb./ sympathize with sb.]7.After the summit (peak) meeting, peace reigned throughout the region once more (again).A. emerged (appeared)B. continuedC. dominatedD. resumed (restore)8.There are many people who still find the act of abortion abhoiTent (disgusting/ horrible/ terrible).A. shocking (=surprising)B. (folerate・>)tolerableC. uncontrollable [high 〜>lowD. distasteful (disgusting)9.The police have got the evidence to sue him, which is shot with a miniature (hidden) camera.A. smallB. digitalC・ concealed (hidden) D・ sophisticated [shoot, shot shot/ gun shot]10.The chief [chef=cook] has assembled (collected) 300 tantalizing (attractive) recipes for all occasions andlifestyles, plus down to earth (=practical) advice on matching food with wine.A. disturbingB. tempting C・ promising D・ offending (=offensive/ ~ talk)1.In July he issued a decree (law) ordering all unofficial armed groups in the country to disband.A・ end up B. come up C. stand up D. break up2.The Amazon ant carries out foniys (attack) against other ants and brings back some of them to the home nest toserve as slaves.A. (invade->)invasionsB. fights C・ wars D. missions (task)3.The flu virus that are most (prevail->) prevalent one year differ from those that bedevil humans the next year.A. killB. worry C・ frustrate D. trouble4.He correctly predicted that the policy against their neighboring countries would goad (force) them into economic nationalism.A. assist (help)B. pressC. drive (make)D. aid (help)5.The King made (declare 〜on country) war on the state of Kalinga, and conquered in 261 B・C・ When he saw the suffering he had caused, however, he was overcome (overwhelmed) with remorse.A・ regret B. revenge C. hatred (n.) D. emotion6.When she first visited South-West Africa in 1947 as an investigative journalist, she helped reveal the appalling (surprising/ shocking) conditions under which blacks were obliged to work・A. startlingB. exotic (foreign)C. (teiYO「>teirible/) terrific (wonderful) D・(amazing・>)amusing (interesting)7.In his book the Iliad, Homer describes Thersites as the ugliest and most impudent (rude) of the Greeks.A・ tough B. ill-famed (notorious) C・ rude D・ harmful8.Apprehensive (Fearful) of their en emy's encirclement, the country en hanced its foreign con tacts with its neighbors in Europe・A. ScornfulB. FearfulC. RegardlessD. Careless9.The slave-owners grudgingly (reluctantly) accepted the (abolish->) abolition in 188& rather than face the massive slave unrest (rebelling) and flight (escape).A. slowlyB. graduallyC. unwillinglyD. eventually (finally)10.They (swear->) swore their allegiance to the nation and received their naturalization papers・A. contribution B・ loyalty C. immensity (greatness) D. epithet (scoring)1.The company began aggressive advertisi ng campaigns, in creased its variety (categories) of beers, and further expanded its markets. By 1991 Coors beer was available (=on sale) in all 50 states. It also worked to improve its image and quell (制」匕结束，镇压)ongoing (ever-lasting) boycotts.A. investigateB. condemn C・ crush D. forbid2.With his strong right-wing views, and close affiliation (联系，隶属)to the military, he'd long been regarded as a (swear) sworn enemy of the people・A. emotionB. association C・ communication D. reaction3.Adams supported what became known as the Boston tea party, and thereafter he firmly supported the patriotic (爱国白勺) measures that led step by step to American independence・A. passionateB. moderate C・ radical D・ nationalistic4.The best hope is that we will have a rapid mobilization (动员) of international opinion in support of the movement.A. calling upB. bringing up C・ catching up (with) D. getting up5.When he was there (be present), he often gave food and coins to the destitute (贫苦白勺)children who lived on the street.A. desertedB. poor C・ homeless D. despaired (->desperate: adj.)bining social commentaiy with rhythmic lyrics(词).heavy bass beats, and remixed or original melodies, rap is one of the most controversial of black musical fonns.A. wordsB. music C・ band D. dance7.The history of newspapers, magazines, and other publications in the country has varied, depending upon the level of censorship(书报审查制度)in the ruling government.A. supportB. sponsor C・ control D・ restoration8.The cause of the incidence has been kept off the air in the radio by the administration.A. secretB. not broadcastedC. publicizedD. not known9.He took out a court injunction (法令, 判决)against the newspaper demanding the return of the document.A・ sentence (sb. to death) B・ bias C. suspension (bridge) D・ order10.A great cheer went up from the crowd as (=when) they caught sight of (noticed) their idol(偶像)•A. figureB. ideaC. heroD. foe(敌人)1.If it continues to ______ its responsibilities then the British government must act immediately in its place, (substitute)A. testify B・ proceed (continue) C・ discipline(n. vt.) D. abdicate2.Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life, (ask for sick leave)A・ inflict (impose sth. on sb.) B. dispute C. ridicule D. antedate (go to an earlier time)3.She was a tough girl — determined, arrogant and ___ , with light brown hair and quick, sharp eyes.A. genuine B・ hideous C・ undei・mining(destmctive) D・ opinionated (stubborn)4.1 think feminism is about liberating women from enforced domestic and maternal (distaff, of mother/ related to mother) ____ .A. dissent (<->consent) B・ propaganda C・ drudgery D. mutuality5.The children have a more _____ view (opini on), only taking in con sideratio n what will work ・(take sth. into consideration)A. pragmatic (practical, feasible)B. drearyC・ marikd D. dominant6.While a quarter of men wash their cars once a week, fewer than one in five women carry out the ____ •A. attribute (features/ character) B・ chore C. repast (meal) D・ jargon7.If she were rich, that wouldn't stop her (from) caring for children, but she could charge only a(n) ____ fee (fare) to the mothers who badly needed to work・A・ intuitive B. nominal C・ depressing D. juvenile& We intend to remove the ____ rules and regulations that are discouraging foreign investment in our country.A. onerous B・ henpecked C・ greasy D. unmitigated (complete/ thorough)9.He was a lonely, miserable ____ . alone->lonely (adj.)A. feastB. spouse C・ wretch D. dignity10.This newly established institution has to face a whole range of crimes and _____ . (institute: n./ vt.)A・ femininity B. prescriptionsC. delinquencies (offense)D. authenticity (reliability)。
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Lesson11
1. He has got the key to the apartment eventually. And on the way home he could envision the smile on his wife's face.
A.foresee
B. imagine
C. memorize
D. recall
2. She opened the refrigerator and took a bottle of cold mineral water to quench her thirst.
A. e ase
B. grip
C. release
D. query
3. "Man's ingenuity has outrun his intelligence."(Joseph Wood Krutch)
A. o utwitted
B.excelled
C. output
D. exceeded
4. After that, the airhostess continued to demonstrate how to inflate the life-jacket in an emergency.
A. b low up
B. take up
C. break up
D. make up
5.The unsuccessful democratic candidate seemed oblivious of the fact that he stood for no chance in running for governor.
A. preoccupied
B. thrilled
C. insensitive
D. unaware
6.Most of the citizens in that country have already felt the pressure of soaring inflation because of the changes in economic policy after the financial crisis in Asia.
A. r ising
B. roaring
C. progressing
D. amounting
7. When men are most sure and arrogant. they are commonly most mistaken.
A. p olite
B. obedient
C. proud
D. courteous
8. This untutored mathematician had an obsession with numbers.
A. imagination
B. addiction
C. hatred
D. sense
9. You should not be afraid to aim high in the quest for an improvement in your income.
A.pursuit
B. belief
C. claim
D. realization
10.She was blinded by the glitter and the glamour of her own life.
A. s pectacle
B. brilliance
C. hardship
D. defeat。