雅思写作十大原则核心词汇
雅思写作词汇和句型
雅思写作词汇和句型雅思写作必备词汇和句型形容词1. 明显的Obvious, apparent, evident, manifest2. 优秀的Excellent, eminent, top, outstanding3. 惊人的Surprising, amazing, extraordinary, miraculous, remarkable 4. 消极的，不良的Bad, detrimental, baneful, undesirable5. 美丽的`Beautiful, attractive, gorgeous, eye-catching6. 贫穷的Poor, needy, impoverished, poverty-stricken7. 有活力的Energetic, dynamic, animated8. 积极的，好的Good, conducive, beneficial, advantageous8. 健康的Healthy, robust, sound, wholesome10. 富裕的Rich, wealthy, affluent, well-to-do, well-off11. 流行的Popular, prevailing, pervasive名词1. 人类Human beings, mankind, human race2. 影响Influence, impact3. 危险Danger, peril, hazard4. 污染Pollution, contamination5. 老人Old people, the old, the elderly, the aged,senior citizens 6. 幸福Happiness, well-being7. 老师Teachers, instructors, educators8. 教育Education, schooling, upbringing9. 青少年Young people, youngsters, youths,adolescents10. 优点Advantage, merits, superiority, virtue11. 责任Responsibility, obligation, duty, liability12. 能力Ability, capacity, power, skill13. 职业Job, career, employment, profession14. 娱乐Enjoyment, pastimes, recreation,entertainment15. 孩子Children, offspring, descendant, kid动词1. 提高，加强Improve, enhance, promote, strengthen,optimize2. 解决Solve, resolve, cope with, deal with3. 拆除Destroy, knock down, eradicate4. 引起Cause, trigger5. 培养Develop, cultivate, foster, nurture6. 激发，鼓励Encourage, motivate, stimulate7. 认为Think, assert, hold, claim, argue8. 完成Complete, fulfill, accomplish, achieve9. 保留Keep, preserve, retain, hole10. 有害于Destroy, impair, undermine, jeopardize11. 减轻Ease, alleviate, relieve, lighten作文必备加分句型：开头Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic Recently the problem has been brought into focus. Nowadays there is a growing concern overWhat calls for special attention is thatIt is common knowledge thatIt is well-known thatMany nations have been faced with the problem of According to a recent surveyWith the rapid development of结尾From what has been discussed / mentioned above, we may conclude thatTherefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion thatAs far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.From all the seasons/ consideration above, it is clear/ obvious thatTaking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion thatGiven the reasons/consideration I have just outlined/ discussed/ presented, I strongly recommend thatAll in all, what really matters isIt is essential that effective measures be taken toFrom what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion thatAs a result, we should take some effective steps toJudging by the figures/statistics, it is not difficult to see that 表示反驳It is true that, but one vital point is being left out.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.Some people say, but it does not hold water.Many of us have been under the illusion thatA close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.It makes no sense to argue forToo much stress placed on may lead toSuch a statement mainly rests onthe assumption thatContrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that表示证明No one can deny the fact thatThe idea is hardly supported by facts.Unfortunately, none of the available date showsRecent studies indicate thatThere is sufficient evidence to show thatAccording to statistics proved by, it can be seen that表示原因A number of factors areaccountable for this situation/ contribute to (lead to)(account for) the phenomenon(problem) The answer to this problem involves many factors.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact thatThe factors that contribute tothis situation includeThe change in largely results from the fact thatPart of the explanations for itis thatOne of the most common factors(causes) is thatAnother contributing factor(cause) isPerhaps the primary factor is thatBut the fundamental cause is that【雅思写作必备词汇和句型】。
英语写作素材之十大原则之一
写作十大原则词汇与观点第一原则经济角度观点1．浪费，挥霍be extravagant浪费be profuse in 浪费economize v.节约、节省、有效地利用squander/lavish/waste 浪费throw money into thin air 浪费retrench v.节约，紧缩开支2．昂贵奢侈costly/expensive adj. 贵的precious adj.宝贵的、贵重的valuable adj.贵重的、有价值的adj. luxurious奢侈的、豪华的extravagant adj.奢侈的、豪华的money-consuming 浪费3. 贫穷的，富有的destitute/ impoverished贫穷的lucrative/profitable adj.赚钱的poverty-stricken 贫穷的poverty line n.贫困线、贫穷线scarcity/shortage/lack缺乏economic difficulty 经济困难impoverishment n.贫困insufficient adj.不足的、不够的financial strain 资金紧张4．消费，开支consumer 消费者consumption n.消费expenditure n.花费支出、消耗necessity n.必要性、必需品5．贫民下岗人员eligible children 适龄儿童healthcare n.医疗保健illiteracy n.文盲welfare n.福利、安宁laid-off worker 下岗工人6. 资金，财产invest v.投资public funds 公共资金hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱taxpayer n.纳税人tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial burden 经济负担income/ revenue 收入foreign currency 外汇financial adj.金融的、财政的7.困境，社会福利保障charity hospital 慈善医院nursing house 敬老院miserable adj.痛苦的、悲惨的shelter n.庇护所、栖身之所disease 病healthcare 饮料保健famine n.饥荒well-being n.福利subsidize/finance n.资助、发津观点句子练习一、句子翻译（用括号中提供的KEYWORDS）1. 许多人强烈反对太空探索，因为他们认为对于发展中国家而言，这是个奢侈和浪费的做法。
雅思写作核心词结(全)
精心整理写作核心词汇总结交通类1.automobileindustry汽车工业2.boosttheeconomicdevelopment促进经济发展promote3.levythetax征税raise，impose4.modernization现代化5.beviewedas…被视为是…Automobileindustrywhichbooststheeconomicdevelopmentisviewedas thesymbolofmodernization.6.beconcernedabout…对…担忧/关注…7.pollution-freefuelpetrol无污染燃料environmentfriendly8.luxury奢侈品goods9.chronicleadpoisoning慢性铅中毒10.fill…with…使…充斥着11.popularizationofcars汽车普及ymoreemphasison…把重心放在…13.observetrafficregulations遵守交通规则14.breaktrafficregulations违反交通规则15.getstuckintraffic遇上堵车16.rushhour上下班高峰时间off-peak17.easethetrafficpressure缓解交通压力18.pedestrian行人19.pavement人行道20.zebracrossing斑马线21.overspeed超速行驶22.bottleneck交通堵塞地区23.settledowneffectivelaws制定出积极有效的法律24.imposerestrictionson…对…实施限制25.short-sighted目光短浅的26.non-renewableresources不可再生资源27.carbondioxide二氧化碳28.apillarindustry支柱产业29.makefulluseof…充分利用solarpower30.roadnetworks公路网31.speedlimits限速32.enhancethequalityoflifePromote，boost提高生活质量livingstandard33.payaheavyprice付出惨痛的代价34.promotethedevelopmentofrelativeindustries促进相关产业发展35.trafficengineering交通运输工程36.theincreasingnumberofcarownership汽车拥有量增加37.callfor…需要…Thegovernmenttointroducepolicieswhichareeffective/practicalandefficient.38.overcrowded过度拥挤的39.violator违规者40.headache令人头痛的事41.trafficaccidents交通事故42.head-way进展crisis43.conflictwith…与…相冲突44.major/maincause主要原因45.bereplacedby…被…所取代46.provideconveniencefor…为…提供便利47.curb…限制…beancurd，方块48.dilemma进退两难49.encouragesomebodytodosomething鼓励某人去做某事50.energy-saving节能的time-consuming,money-saving社会类1.urbanization城市化rural2.centralization集中化3.imbalance不平衡4.inthelongrun从长远角度而言5.infrastructure基础设施Constructionof6.booming繁荣发展的babybooming7.tertiaryindustry第三产业8.tranquility宁静9.revenue税收costoutweighlevy,raise,imposemeetmercialization商业化Mercury11.trafficcongestion交通拥挤overcrowded12.waterscarcity水短缺drought13.theenvironmentalpollution环境污染14.over-industrialization过度工业化15.over-crowdedness过度拥挤16.unemployment失业rate17.wealthdistribution财富分配ThePrincipleof20/80indicatesthat…．18.socialinstability社会动荡19.urbanconstruction城市建设20.populationexplosion人口激增Theincreasingnumberofpopulation，21.arisingcrimerate犯罪率上升22.drainofenergyandresources能源和资源消耗23.offermorejobopportunities提供更多的就业机会24.arapidpaceoflife快节奏生活Contributeto25.stress-relatedillnesses与压力有关的疾病26.highcostofliving高额生活费用27.pastorallife田园生活28.classpolarization阶级两极分化Koalabear29.socialwelfare社会福利30.givespecialcareto…给予…特殊关照31.urbansprawl城市扩张32.convenienttransportationmeans便捷的交通工具meangirl33.bettermedicalservices更好的医疗服务34.pressureofmodernlifeincity城市生活压力35.bevulnerableto…易于患上…f ragile36.meltingpot熔炉37.onthebrinkof…处于…边缘Edgy38.pollutant污染性物质39.wastedisposal废物处理40.puttheblameon…归咎于…41.beattributableto…归因为…42.waysofconsumption消费方式43.sufferheavylosses遭受重大损失44.citizen居民netizen45.beconfront edwith…面临着…46.breedcrimes滋生犯罪47.viciouscycle恶性循环48.afeasiblemeasure/meanPractical一种可行的措施peopleinneed49.givepriorityto…优先考虑…50.cityplanners城市规划者FoodsourandsweetfishCuisinespicyfoodlowinfatchopsticksknifeandforkhighinfatrichinvitaminCAussiekiwifruitmangococktailvinegarandoliveoilChinesesaladHerbs，seasonI’mallergictosthIttastesfunny.BitterStewSteamedbread Stirfriedchichen/beef/ HotpotbakeT-boneYummyTastegood/fantastic Cheeseandcream Tastesgoodbutsmellssmelly. Nutrition Hygienicandhealthy Special Chefrecommendation MusicMelodylyricsToneHeavymetalDrumsSymphony，orchestra Harmony，releasedandrefreshedPopCountrymusicJazzFolkClassicChordInstrumentConcertLovesongs，sadsongs媒体类1.paparazzi狗仔队2.massmedia大众媒体3.entertainment娱乐4.journalism新闻业5.journal期刊6.thelatestnews最新消息7.exclusivenews独家新闻8.newsagency新闻社9.newsblockout新闻封锁10.newscensorship新闻审查11.freedomofthepress新闻自由12.newscoverage新闻报道13.doreportageon…报导…14.hittheheadlines上头条15.issue出版、发行16.newsstand报摊17.free-lancerwriter自由撰稿人18.chiefeditor总编CEOchiefexecutiveofficerCFO19.editorial社论20.newsworthy值得报道的Itdoesn’tworthit.21.barometer晴雨表22.thebarometerofpublicopinion舆论的晴雨表23.livebroadcast直播Ontheair24.quizshow智力竞争节目25.gameshow游戏节目26.varietyshow综合节目gala27.talkshow脱口秀Opera，28.sitcom情景喜剧29.soapopera肥皂剧30.moviestar电影明星31.movieking影帝32.moviequeen影后33.affair绯闻haveaffair34.celebrity名人Celebrate35.fame名声36.risetofame声名鹊起37.fans粉丝38.invadeone’sprivacy侵扰了…的隐私39.misleading误导性的40.cheating欺骗性的41.popularity知名度42.scandal丑闻43.sensational轰动的44.prevalent普遍的、流行的45.imperative重要的、必要的Important，significant Principle46.audienceratings收视率47.propaganda宣传brainwashing48.beabductedby受…诱导49.purifyone’ssoul净化心灵Soulmate50.liveinavirtualworld生活在一个虚拟世界中51.beagreatcomforttosomebody对…来说是一个巨大安慰52.meetdifferenttastes满足不同口味53.providesomebodywithsomething给…提供…54.followthefashionblindly盲目追逐时尚Setup/arrangeBlinddatemitcrimes犯罪56.beinconceivabletosomebody对…来说是难以想象的57.impressive给人印象深刻的58.righttoknow知情权59.inthedi sguiseof…打着…的幌子WhitelieSplit60.endangersocialstabilityandsafety危害社会稳定和安全媒体类二rmationera信息时代2.keeponeinformedaboutsomething使人们了解…3.audience/viewers观众4.haveunhealthyandharmfuleffectson…对…有不良影响rmation-explosionsociety信息爆炸的社会6.influential有影响的7.revolutionizethewayweacquireinformation彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8.blessing福9.curse祸10.variousthrillingprograms各种各样激动人心的节目11.poor-qualityprograms低质量节目12.ever-accelerated不断发展的13.exaggerate夸张14.enjoyable令人享受的15.fashionable时尚的16.electromagneticradiation电磁辐射17.psychologicalillnesses心理疾病18.isolated孤僻的19.unimaginative缺乏想象力的20.unsociable不好社交的21.deprivesomebodyofone’simaginationandcreativity使…丧失了想象力和创造力22.jeopardizeone’shealth危害健康23.beexposedto…了解到…接触到…24.finditswayintoeveryfamily进入千家万户25.globalvillage地球村26.beindulgedin…沉溺于…27.beaddictedto…对…上瘾28.befascinatedby…被…所吸引29.bedependenton…依赖…30.second-handinformation二手信息31.goastray误入歧途32.embarkonthecriminalroad走上犯罪道路33.irresistible无法抵制的34.hallmark标志35.createtopicsofdiscussion制造交谈话题36.criticalthinking批判性思维37.powerfulmeansofcommunication有力的交流工具38.maincause主因39.tempting有诱惑力的40.reliable可靠的41.familyattachment家庭归属感42.mutualunderstanding相互了解43.alienationofaffection感情疏远44.besickof…对…厌倦45.generationgap代沟46.exchangesoffeelings感情交流47.emotionalbond感情纽带48.strengthenfamilyties加强家庭纽带关系49.bedetachedfromreality与现实隔绝50.distinguishrightfromwrong明辨是非51.edifying有教育意义的52.couchpotato电视迷53.beharmfulto…对…有害54.imitate模仿55.inexpressible难以形容的56.physicalandmentalhealth身心健康57.stimulateone’simaginationandcreati vity激发某人想象力和创造力58.unwholesomelifestyle.不健康的生活方式59.agreatdealofinformation大量的信息60.disinteresting令人索然无味的工作类1.ambitious雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的aspiration2.adaptability适应性3.adaptoneselfto…使自己适应…4.prosperity繁荣booming5.bedisadvantageousto…对…不利6.flowofpersonnel人才流动7.mechanismofpersonnelflow人才流动机制8.survivalofthefittest适者生存9.asenseofaccomplishment成就感10.potentiality潜能11.learntocooperateandcompromise学习合作和妥协TeamworkTeamleader12.bedeeplyimpressedwith…对…印象很深impressivepanyphilosophy企业文化14.flexibility灵活性yogapetitive竞争激烈的16.arena舞台，市场竞技场17.team-workspirit团队合作精神18.treasureopportunity珍惜机会19.afatsalary收入颇丰fluffy，蓬松babyfat20.aharmoniousinterpersonalrelationship和谐的人际关系I’mseeingsomeone.21.asenseofresponsibility责任感BeWillingtoShouldermoreresponsibility22.materialgains物质待遇23.promisingfuture光明的前途24.brightprospect光明的前景25.achallengingjob一份具有挑战性的工作26.turningpoint转折点27.becloselyrelatedto…与…息息相关28.getadvancedinthesociety出人头地29.adecentjob一份体面的工作30.chanceofpromotion升迁机会31.stabilityandsatisfaction稳定感和满足感32.keepskillsfreshandup-to-date使技能可以不断更新33.expandone’soutlook开阔视野horizon34.balanceworkandlife平衡工作和生活Businessisbusiness.35.from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族36.shoulder/undertake one’sresponsibility承担起自己的责任37.upgradeoneself提升自我38.awell-paidjob高收入工作39.creativework创造性工作40.standupto/meetthechallenge迎接挑战41.realizethevalueoflifeeffectuate实现人生价值42.enrichone’ssocialexperience丰富一个人的社会阅历43.cultivateone’sindependenceandtoughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44.seekforpersonaldevelopment追求个人发展45.displayone’stalent展示才能46.asenseofself-fulfillment自我实现感Elite精英47.promotionopportunity提升机会48.meetone’spersonalizedneeds满足某人个性化需求49.defineone’srole确定自己的角色50.socialrecognition社会认可51.accumulateexperience获取经验52.inspiring鼓舞人心的53.motivation动机54.workaholic工作狂55.workingenvironment工作环境56.workovertime加班57.improveone’scapabilities提高某人能力58.developone’stalents培养才智59.idealworkplace理想工作场所Decent60.masterinterpersonalskills掌握人际交往技能动物保护类vivid，Viva，1.vivisection活体解剖2.performexperimentsonanimals在动物身上做试验3.testanimals用于实验的动物Colony实验对照组4.besubjectedtoexperiments被迫接受试验5.animalrights动物权利Human6.clinicalresearch临床研究7.cruel残忍的8.extremist极端主义者9.medicalresearch医学研究10.originofspecies物种起源11.alternativemethod替代的方法12.biologicaldiversity生物多样性13.naturalbalance自然平衡14.equilibriumofecosystem生态平衡15.coexistence共存16.endangeredanimals濒危动物17.diversityofspecies物种多样性18.shameless令人羞愧的19.barbaric野蛮的20.liveandletlive活着就是与万物共存Tobeornottobe21.meaningless没有意义的22.dominantspecies优势物种boratory实验室24.vaccine疫苗25.infringement践踏invade26.righttolive生存权27.torture折磨I’mtorturedbyIELTS.28.anti-science反科学的29.life-threateningdiseases危及生命的疾病Stress-relatedillnesses30.scientificgains科学成果31.anever-lastingtheme一个永恒的主题Livehappilyeverafter32.evolution进化putersimulation电脑模拟34.groundless没有理由的Ontheground实际35.humane人道的36.medicaltechnology医疗技术37.anatomy解剖38.equal公平的39.unreliable不可信赖的40.valid有效的、正当的语言类1.ambiguity歧义2.denotation字面意思3.connotation暗含意思4.impractical不切实际的5.intellectualdevelopment智力发展6.interaction交流7.thinkingcapacity思考能力8.universallanguage世界语9.linguisticstudies语言学研究10.ameansofcommunication一种交流工具11.mechanicaltranslation机械翻译12.untranslatable不宜翻译的13.developlinguisticskills培养语言技能14.verbalcommunication口头交流15.grammaticalrules语法规则16.context语境17.core核心18.translation笔译19.interpretation口译20.acomplexprogress一个复杂过程21.cream精华22.cultivatelogicalthinking培养逻辑思维23.obscure晦涩的24.readability朗朗上口25.anunrealisticdream一个不切实际的梦想prehensiveknowledge全面的知识municatewithothersdirectly,andfreely与他人直接自由交流28.face-to-facecommunication面对面交流29.stimul ateone’sinterest激发了…的兴趣30.artificialintelligence人工智能31.helpchildrenlearnaforeignlanguageinamorevividandinteractiveway帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语32.miraculous令人惊叹的33.increaseefficiency提高效率34.easyaccessibility易于操作35.makeastoundingadvances突飞猛进36.enrichtheteachingandlearningmethods丰富了教学手段37.expertise专业知识38.flourishing繁荣兴旺的39.speedycommunication快速的交流40.readbetweenthelines读懂暗含的意思nguageacquisition语言习得42.term术语43.implication含义44.befullyawareof…充分意识到…45.optimistic乐观的46.pessimistic悲观的47.drawback弊端48.preciousgift宝贵的礼物49.linguist语言学家50.missionimpossible不可能的任务文化类一1.culturalinsights文化视角2.learnabouttheworld了解世界3.athrillingexperience一种令人激动的经历4.abstract抽象的5.concrete具体的6.movesomebodytotears使…感动落泪7.getrelaxedandentertained得到放松和娱乐8.venue场所9.hasitsvalue有其自己价值10.inspiration灵感11.scopeofknowledge知识面12.spreadknowledge传播知识stingartisticworks永恒的艺术作品14.abstruse深奥的15.breakwitholdcustoms抛弃传统16.carrydownfromgenerationtogeneration代代相传17.advocatethenewlifestyle.倡导新的生活方式18.entertainment娱乐19.bedifferentf rom…与…不同20.directexperience直接经验21.echo共识22.satiatepeople’spsychologicaldemands满足心理需求23.attachmoreimportanceto…更重视…24.spiritualenhancement精神升华25.amirrorof…是…的一面镜子26.determinant决定性因素27.eclipse使…相形见绌28.contributeto…有助于…29.asenseofcoolandsatisfaction一种惬意的感觉30.pastimes消遣方式31.nurtureimagination培养想象力32.meditation沉思33.anessenceofimmortality永恒的精髓34.instructive有启发性的35.edification熏陶36.arouseone’scuriosityaboutsomething引发某人对某事的好奇心37.enrichone’sknowledge丰富某人知识38.valueofknowledge知识的价值39.culturaldifferences文化差异性40.timeisfleetingandartislong时光飞逝，艺术永恒文化类二1.culturaldiversity文化多元化2.culturaltreasures文化宝藏3.cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交流Management4.culturalreconstruction文化重建5.spiritualcivilization精神文明6.heritage遗产7.achievementsofart艺术成就8.teardown拆除9.humanehistoricalsites人文历史遗址10.preservetheculturalrelics保护文化遗产11.blueprint蓝图12.skyscraper摩天大楼13.high-riseofficebuildings高层写字楼14.cityconstruction城市建设15.well-structured结构良好的16.crystallization结晶17.visualenjoyment视觉享受18.drivingforce驱动力19.reconstruct重建20.destruct破坏21.architecturalindustry建筑工业22.mapout制定出23.citydesigning城市设计24.beautifyourlife美化我们的生活25.humancivilization人类文明26.cradleofculture文化摇篮27.mainstreamculture主流文化28.culturaltraditions文化传统29.nationalpride民族自豪30.localcustomsandpractices风土人情吸引人们的眼球31.attractpeople’seyes32.artistictaste艺术品味33.cornerstone基石34.becloselyinterrelatedwith…与…有密切关系35.adheretothetradition坚持传统36.architecturalvandalism破坏建筑行为37.carryforward…弘扬…38.culturalneeds文化需求39.reputation声望40.maintaintheworldpeace维护世界和平41.artisticreflection艺术反映42.givepublicityto…宣传…43.burden负担44.causeirreversibledamage造成不可逆转的损失45.nationalidentityandvalue民族特性和价值观46.removeprejudiceandmisunderstanding消除偏见和误解47.symbol象征48.artisticstandards艺术水准49.enjoygreatpopularity广受欢迎50.culturaldevolution文化退化科技类1.advancedscience尖端科学2.scientificinvention科学发明3.exertafar-reachingimpacton…对…产生一种深远的影响4.double-edgedsword双刃剑5.earth-shakingchanges翻天覆地的改变6.paythewayforthefuturedevelopment为未来的发展铺平道路yasolidfoundationfor…为…打下良好的基础8.energycrisis能源危机9.depletionofresources能源消耗estone里程碑11.sophisticatedequipment尖端设备12.technicalinnovation科技创新13.expediency权宜之计14.antithetical与…背道而驰的15.over-commercialized过渡商业化的16.aheateddiscussion热烈的讨论17.exhaustgas废气18.disastrous灾难性的19.overshadow使…相形见绌20.c omparedto/with…与…相比herin引领22.speedyandcomfortable既快捷又舒适23.oppositeforces负面影响24.afatalbreakdown致命故障25.potentialhazards潜在危险26.poseathreatto…对…有一种威胁27.promoterelativeindustries促进相关产业发展28.accelerate加速…29.meansoftransportation交通方式30.transportationtools交通工具31.socialstatus社会地位32.environmentally-friendlyresources环保的能源33.makepeople’slifeeasier使人们生活更方便34.alternativefuel可替代燃料35.sustainabledevelopment可持续性发展36.scientificexploration科学探索37.airtravel航空旅行38.ridiculous可笑的39.absurd荒唐的40.substitute取代41.overcomedifficulties克服困难42.makeprogress取得进步43.asenseofnationalpride民族自豪感44.unprecedented前所未有的45.soaring不断上升的46.giveagreatpushtotheeconomicgrowth极大地推动了经济发展47.seedramaticbreakthroughs取得突破性进展48.aggravate使恶化49.optimize优化50.cure-allsolution万能良药。
雅思写作核心词汇表
写作核心词汇总结交通类1. automobile industry 汽车工业2. boost the economic development 促进经济发展promote3. levy the tax 征税raise，impose4. modernization 现代化5. be viewed as … 被视为是…Automobile industry which boosts the economic development is viewed as the symbol of modernization.6. be concerned about … 对…担忧/关注…7. pollution-free fuel petrol 无污染燃料environment friendly8. luxury 奢侈品goods9. chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒10. fill… with … 使…充斥着11. popularization of cars 汽车普及12. lay more emphasis on… 把重心放在…13. observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则14. break traffic regulations 违反交通规则15. get stuck in traffic 遇上堵车16. rush hour 上下班高峰时间off-peak17. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力18. pedestrian 行人19. pavement 人行道20. zebra crossing 斑马线21. over speed 超速行驶22. bottleneck 交通堵塞地区23. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律24. impose restrictions on … 对…实施限制25. short-sighted 目光短浅的26. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源27. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳28. a pillar industry 支柱产业29. make full use of … 充分利用solar power30. road networks 公路网31. speed limits 限速32. enhance the quality of life Promote，boost提高生活质量living standard33. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价34. promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展35. traffic engineering 交通运输工程36. the increasing number of car ownership 汽车拥有量增加37. call for … 需要…The government to introduce policies which are effective/practical and efficient.38. overcrowded 过度拥挤的39. violator 违规者40. headache 令人头痛的事41. traffic accidents 交通事故42. head-way 进展43. conflict with … 与…相冲突crisis44. major /main cause 主要原因45. be replaced by … 被…所取代46. provide convenience for … 为…提供便利47. curb… 限制… bean curd，方块48. dilemma 进退两难49. encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事50. energy-saving 节能的time-consuming ,money-saving社会类1. urbanization 城市化rural2. centralization 集中化3. imbalance 不平衡4. in the long run 从长远角度而言5. infrastructure 基础设施Construction of6. booming 繁荣发展的baby booming7. tertiary industry 第三产业8. tranquility 宁静9. revenue 税收cost outweighlevy, raise, imposemeet10. commercialization 商业化Mercury11. traffic congestion交通拥挤overcrowded12. water scarcity 水短缺drought13. the environmental pollution环境污染14. over-industrialization过度工业化15. over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16. unemployment 失业rate17. wealth distribution 财富分配The Principle of 20/80 indicat es that….18. social instability 社会动荡19. urban construction 城市建设20. population explosion 人口激增The increasing number ofpopulation，21. a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22. drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗23. offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会24. a rapid pace of life快节奏生活Contribute to25. stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病26. high cost of living高额生活费用27. pastoral life 田园生活28. class polarization阶级两极分化Koala bear29. social welfare 社会福利30. give special care to …给予…特殊关照31. urban sprawl 城市扩张32. convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具mean girl33. better medical services更好的医疗服务34. pressure of modern life in city城市生活压力35. be vulnerable to …易于患上… fragile36. melting pot 熔炉37. on the brink of … 处于…边缘Edgy38. pollutant 污染性物质39. waste disposal 废物处理40. put the blame on … 归咎于…41. be attributable to … 归因为…42. ways of consumption 消费方式43. suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失44. citizen 居民netizen45. be confronted with… 面临着…46. breed crimes 滋生犯罪47. vicious cycle 恶性循环48. a feasible measure/ meanPractical一种可行的措施people in need49. give priority to … 优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划者Foodsour and sweet fishCuisinespicy foodlow in fatchopsticksknife and forkhigh in fatrich in vitamin C Aussie kiwifruitmangococktailvinegar and olive oilChinese saladHerbs，seasonI’m allergic to sthIt tastes funny.BitterStewSteamed breadStir fried chichen/beef/Hot potbakeT-boneYummyTaste good/ fantastic Cheese and creamTastes good but smells smelly. NutritionHygienic and healthy SpecialChef recommendationMusicMelodylyricsToneHeavy metalDrumsSymphony，orchestra Harmony，released and refreshedPopCountry musicJazzFolkClassicChordInstrumentConcertLove songs，sad songsnc-beijingjiaoxue-w@ 媒体类1. paparazzi 狗仔队2. mass media 大众媒体3. entertainment 娱乐4. journalism 新闻业5. journal 期刊6. the latest news 最新消息7. exclusive news 独家新闻8. news agency 新闻社9. news block out 新闻封锁10. news censorship 新闻审查11. freedom of the press新闻自由12. news coverage 新闻报道13. do reportage on … 报导…14. hit the headlines 上头条15. issue 出版、发行16. newsstand 报摊17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18. chief editor 总编CEO chief executive officerCFO19. editorial 社论20. newsworthy 值得报道的It doesn’t worth it.21. barometer 晴雨表22. the barometer of public opinion舆论的晴雨表23. live broadcast 直播On the air24. quiz show 智力竞争节目25. game show 游戏节目26. variety show 综合节目gala27. talk show 脱口秀Opera，28. sitcom 情景喜剧29. soap opera 肥皂剧30. movie star 电影明星31. movie king 影帝32. movie queen 影后33. affair 绯闻have affair34. celebrity 名人Celebrate35. fame 名声36. rise to fame 声名鹊起37. fans 粉丝38. invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39. misleading 误导性的40. cheating 欺骗性的41. popularity 知名度42. scandal 丑闻43. sensational 轰动的44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的45. imperative 重要的、必要的Important，significant Principle46. audience ratings 收视率47. propaganda 宣传brain washing48. be abducted by 受…诱导49. purify one’s soul净化心灵Soulmate50. live in a virtual world生活在一个虚拟世界中51. be a great comfort to somebody对…来说是一个巨大安慰52. meet different tastes满足不同口味53. provide somebody with something 给…提供…54. follow the fashion blindly盲目追逐时尚Set up / arrange Blind date55. commit crimes 犯罪56. be inconceivable to somebody对…来说是难以想象的57. impressive 给人印象深刻的58. right to know 知情权59. in the disguise of… 打着…的幌子White lieSplit60. endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全媒体类二1. information era 信息时代2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解…3. audience/viewers 观众4. have unhealthy and harmful effects on… 对…有不良影响5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会6. influential 有影响的7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8. blessing 福9. curse 祸10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的13. exaggerate 夸张14. enjoyable 令人享受的15. fashionable 时尚的16. electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射17. psychological illnesses 心理疾病18. isolated 孤僻的19. unimaginative 缺乏想象力的20. unsociable 不好社交的21. deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力22. jeopardize one’s health 危害健康23. be exposed to… 了解到…接触到…24. find its way into every family 进入千家万户25. global village 地球村26. be indulged in… 沉溺于…27. be addicted to … 对…上瘾28. be fascinated by … 被…所吸引29. be dependent on … 依赖…30. second-hand information 二手信息31. go astray 误入歧途32. embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路33. irresistible 无法抵制的34. hallmark 标志35. create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题36. critical thinking 批判性思维37. powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具38. main cause 主因39. tempting 有诱惑力的40. reliable 可靠的41. family attachment 家庭归属感42. mutual understanding 相互了解43. alienation of affection 感情疏远44. be sick of … 对…厌倦45. generation gap 代沟46. exchanges of feelings 感情交流47. emotional bond 感情纽带48. strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系49. be detached from reality 与现实隔绝50. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非51. edifying 有教育意义的52. couch potato 电视迷53. be harmful to … 对…有害54. imitate 模仿55. inexpressible 难以形容的56. physical and mental health 身心健康57. stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人想象力和创造力58. unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式59. a great deal of information 大量的信息60. disinteresting 令人索然无味的工作类1.ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的aspiration2. adaptability 适应性3.adapt oneself to …使自己适应…4. prosperity 繁荣booming5. be disadvantageous to …对…不利6. flow of personnel 人才流动7. mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制8. survival of the fittest 适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment成就感10. potentiality 潜能11. learn to cooperate and compromise学习合作和妥协Team workTeam leader12. be deeply impressed with …对…印象很深impressive13. company philosophy 企业文化14. flexibility 灵活性yoga15. competitive 竞争激烈的16. arena 舞台，市场竞技场17. team-work spirit团队合作精神18. treasure opportunity珍惜机会19. a fat salary 收入颇丰fluffy，蓬松baby fat20. a harmoniousinterpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系I’m seeing someone.21. a sense of responsibility责任感Be Willing to Shouldermore responsibility22. material gains 物质待遇23. promising future光明的前途24. bright prospect 光明的前景25. a challenging job一份具有挑战性的工作26. turning point 转折点27. be closely related to …与…息息相关28. get advanced in the society出人头地29. a decent job 一份体面的工作30. chance of promotion升迁机会31. stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感32. keep skills freshand up-to-date使技能可以不断更新33. expand one’s outlook开阔视野horizon34. balance work and life平衡工作和生活Business is business.35. from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族36. sh oulder/undertakeone’s responsibility承担起自己的责任37. upgrade oneself 提升自我38. a well-paid job 高收入工作39. creative work 创造性工作40. stand up to / meet the challenge迎接挑战41. realize the value of lifeeffectuate 实现人生价值42. enrich one’s social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历43. cultivate one’sindependence and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44. seek for personal development追求个人发展45. display one’s talent 展示才能46. a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感Elite 精英47. promotion opportunity提升机会48. meet one’s personalized needs满足某人个性化需求49. define o ne’s role确定自己的角色50. social recognition 社会认可51. accumulate experience获取经验52. inspiring 鼓舞人心的53. motivation 动机54. workaholic 工作狂55. working environment 工作环境56. work overtime 加班57. improve one’s capabilities提高某人能力58. develop one’s talents培养才智59. ideal workplace 理想工作场所Decent60. master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能动物保护类vivid，Viva，1. vivisection 活体解剖2. perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验3. test animals 用于实验的动物Colony 实验对照组4. be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验5. animal rights 动物权利Human6. clinical research 临床研究7. cruel 残忍的8. extremist 极端主义者9. medical research 医学研究10. origin of species 物种起源11. alternative method 替代的方法12. biological diversity 生物多样性13. natural balance 自然平衡14. equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡15. coexistence 共存16. endangered animals 濒危动物17. diversity of species 物种多样性18. shameless 令人羞愧的19. barbaric 野蛮的20. live and let live活着就是与万物共存To be or not to be21. meaningless 没有意义的22. dominant species 优势物种23. laboratory 实验室24. vaccine 疫苗25. infringement 践踏invade26. right to live 生存权27. torture 折磨I’m tortured by IELTS.28. anti-science 反科学的29. life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病Stress-related illnesses30. scientific gains 科学成果31. an ever-lasting theme一个永恒的主题Live happily ever after32. evolution 进化33. computer simulation 电脑模拟34. groundless 没有理由的On the ground 实际35. humane 人道的36. medical technology 医疗技术37. anatomy 解剖38. equal 公平的39. unreliable 不可信赖的40. valid 有效的、正当的语言类1. ambiguity 歧义2. denotation 字面意思3. connotation 暗含意思4. impractical 不切实际的5. intellectual development 智力发展6. interaction 交流7. thinking capacity 思考能力8. universal language 世界语9. linguistic studies 语言学研究10. a means of communication 一种交流工具11. mechanical translation 机械翻译12. untranslatable 不宜翻译的13. develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能14. verbal communication 口头交流15. grammatical rules 语法规则16. context 语境17. core 核心18. translation 笔译19. interpretation 口译20. a complex progress 一个复杂过程21. cream 精华22. cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维23. obscure 晦涩的24. readability 朗朗上口25. an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想26. comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识27. communicate with others directly, and freely 与他人直接自由交流28. face-to-face communication 面对面交流29. stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣30. artificial intelligence 人工智能31. help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语32. miraculous 令人惊叹的33. increase efficiency 提高效率34. easy accessibility 易于操作35. make astounding advances 突飞猛进36. enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段37. expertise 专业知识38. flourishing 繁荣兴旺的39. speedy communication 快速的交流40. read between the lines 读懂暗含的意思41. language acquisition 语言习得42. term 术语43. implication 含义44. be fully aware of… 充分意识到…45. optimistic 乐观的46. pessimistic 悲观的47. drawback 弊端48. precious gift 宝贵的礼物49. linguist 语言学家50. mission impossible 不可能的任务文化类一1. cultural insights 文化视角2. learn about the world 了解世界3. a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历4. abstract 抽象的5. concrete 具体的6. move somebody to tears 使…感动落泪7. get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐8. venue 场所9. has its value 有其自己价值10. inspiration 灵感11. scope of knowledge 知识面12. spread knowledge 传播知识13. lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品14. abstruse 深奥的15. break with old customs 抛弃传统16. carry down from generation to generation 代代相传17. advocate the new lifestyle. 倡导新的生活方式18. entertainment 娱乐19. be different from … 与…不同20. direct experience 直接经验21. echo 共识22. satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求23. attach more importance to … 更重视…24. spiritual enhancement 精神升华25. a mirror of … 是…的一面镜子26. determinant 决定性因素27. eclipse 使…相形见绌28. contribute to … 有助于…29. a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉30. pastimes 消遣方式31. nurture imagination 培养想象力32. meditation 沉思33. an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓34. instructive 有启发性的35. edification 熏陶36. ar ouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心37. enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识38. value of knowledge 知识的价值39. cultural differences 文化差异性40. time is fleeting and art is long时光飞逝，艺术永恒文化类二1. cultural diversity 文化多元化2. cultural treasures 文化宝藏3. cross-cultural communication跨文化交流Management4. cultural reconstruction文化重建5. spiritual civilization 精神文明6. heritage 遗产7. achievements of art 艺术成就8. tear down 拆除9. humane historical sites人文历史遗址10. preserve the cultural relics保护文化遗产11. blueprint 蓝图12. skyscraper 摩天大楼13. high-rise office buildings高层写字楼14. city construction 城市建设15. well-structured 结构良好的16. crystallization 结晶17. visual enjoyment 视觉享受18. driving force 驱动力19. reconstruct 重建20. destruct 破坏21. architectural industry建筑工业22. map out 制定出23. city designing 城市设计24. beautify our life 美化我们的生活25. human civilization 人类文明26. cradle of culture 文化摇篮27. mainstream culture 主流文化28. cultural traditions 文化传统29. national pride 民族自豪30. local customs and practices 风土人情31. attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球32. artistic taste 艺术品味33. cornerstone 基石34. be closely interrelated with… 与…有密切关系35. adhere to the tradition 坚持传统36. architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为37. carry forward … 弘扬…38. cultural needs 文化需求39. reputation 声望40. maintain the world peace 维护世界和平41. artistic reflection 艺术反映42. give publicity to… 宣传…43. burden 负担44. cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失45. national identity and value 民族特性和价值观46. remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解47. symbol 象征48. artistic standards 艺术水准49. enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎50. cultural devolution 文化退化科技类1. advanced science 尖端科学2. scientific invention 科学发明3. exert a far-reaching impact on… 对…产生一种深远的影响4. double-edged sword 双刃剑5. earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变6. pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路7. lay a solid foundation for… 为…打下良好的基础8. energy crisis 能源危机9. depletion of resources 能源消耗10. milestone 里程碑11. sophisticated equipment 尖端设备12. technical innovation 科技创新13. expediency 权宜之计14. antithetical 与…背道而驰的15. over-commercialized 过渡商业化的16. a heated discussion 热烈的讨论17. exhaust gas 废气18. disastrous 灾难性的19. overshadow 使…相形见绌20. compared to/with… 与…相比21. usher in 引领22. speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适23. opposite forces 负面影响24. a fatal breakdown 致命故障25. potential hazards 潜在危险26. pose a threat to… 对…有一种威胁27. promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展28. accelerate 加速…29. means of transportation 交通方式30. transportation tools 交通工具31. social status 社会地位32. environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源33. make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便34. alternative fuel 可替代燃料35. sustainable development 可持续性发展36. scientific exploration 科学探索37. air travel 航空旅行38. ridiculous 可笑的39. absurd 荒唐的40. substitute 取代41. overcome difficulties 克服困难42. make progress 取得进步43. a sense of national pride 民族自豪感44. unprecedented 前所未有的45. soaring 不断上升的46. give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展47. see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展48. aggravate 使恶化49. optimize 优化50. cure-all solution 万能良药。
雅思写作需注意的十个准则
雅思写作需注意的十个准则在雅思考试四个科目中，写作一直都是中国考生的弱项，文都国际教育小编为考生们收集整理了雅思写作需注意的十个准则，希望考生们在备考及考试作答过程中能够多加注意，小伙伴们赶快跟小编一起来学习一下吧。
Elementary principles of composition1.Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic不同的段落构成文章，每个段落仅传递一个观点2.As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning规则：每个段落均以主题句开头，并且首尾呼应。
A.the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning;主题句前置B.the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;段落围绕主题句展开，后面的句子对主题句进行展开解释C.the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.末尾句或者对主题句进行强调，或者阐述主题句带来的结果。
e the active voice主动句永远比被动句直接有力Eg：There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground= Dead leaves covered the ground. (清晰生动)Eg：The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.= Failing health compelled him to leave college. (简洁有力)Eg：It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.= He soon repented his words. (简洁有力)4.Put statements in positive form以肯定的形式表达否定的意思, 避免使用平淡、毫无色彩，犹豫不决和含糊其辞的语言。
雅思写作之重点单词和词组
雅思写作之重点单词和词组一、动词：justify: 证明……是合理的conclude: 得出结论highlight: 突出，强调identify: 识别，鉴定justify: 证明……是合理的suggest: 建议undermine: 削弱address: 解决mitigate: 减轻hinder: 阻碍facilitate: 促进jeopardize: 危及enhance: 提高，增强stimulate: 刺激complicate: 使复杂化transform: 改变，转化challenge: 挑战benefit: 受益exploit: 利用generate: 产生manipulate: 操纵promote: 促进suppress: 压制vital: 至关重要的crucial: 至关重要的significant: 显著的significance: 重要性essential: 必要的essential to: 对……是必要的indispensable to: 对……是必不可少的二、名词：benefit: 利益cost: 成本，代价impact: 影响import: 重要性significance: 重要性challenge: 挑战solution: 解决方案trade-off: 权衡implication: 含义，影响outcome: 结果三、词组：in my view/opinion:在我看来in general:一般而言on the one hand/on the other hand:一方面/另一方面in spite of/despite the fact that:尽管/虽然as a result/consequence of:作为……的结果/后果in proportion to:与……成比例as well as:和，也，除……之外at the same time/moment:同时/此刻，另一方面for instance/example:例如，比如by contrast/comparison:相比之下，与……对照in addition/furthermore/moreover/besides: 另外/此外/再者/再说，除……之外。
雅思写作基础段十大原则
雅思写作基础段十大原则翻译1. 举办奥运会能增加国家收入;创造更多的就业机会..Hosting the Olympic Games can increase the government revenue and create more employment opportunities.2. 旅游业的发展对当地的经济有积极的影响..The development of tourism exerts positive influence on the local economy.3. 旅游业的发展刺激经济的增长;通过产生大量的就业机会和增加外汇收入..The development of tourism stimulates economic growth by generating enormous employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange earnings.4. 政府的首要职责是帮助人民消除贫困;疾病和文盲..The primary responsibility of a government is to help its people eliminate poverty; disease; and illiteracy.5. 改善人民的福利是政府的责任..Improving people’s welfare is the government’s obligation.6. 许多人强烈反对太空探索;因为他们认为对于发展中国家而言;这是个奢侈和浪费的做法..Many people are strongly against space research because they think it is an extravagant and wasteful project for developing countries.7. 许多人还苦苦挣扎在贫困线上;缺乏食物和栖身之所..为什么不用有限的资金帮助他们脱贫呢Many people are struggling at the poverty line; lacking food and shelter. Why not use the limited public funds to help them alleviate poverty8. 接受正规教育对于贫困地区的小孩而言是一种奢侈的梦想..It is a luxurious dream for children in the poverty-stricken area to receive formal education.9. 送小孩出国留学对于不少家庭来说是个沉重的经济负担..Sending children to study abroad is a heavy financial burden on many families.10. 艺术资助对于许多发展中国家而言是个奢侈的做法..Art funding is a luxurious practice to many developing countries.11. 廉价航空旅行会耗费更多的燃料并增加污染..Cheap air travel consumes more fuel and causes more pollution.12. 老龄化人口会给社会和政府带来沉重的负担..An ageing population can put heavy burdens on society and the government.13. 人口的老龄化也很可能增加年轻一代人当中的失业率..Population ageing is also likely to increase the unemployment rate among the younger generation.14. 过高的老年人口比例很可能会造成劳动力短缺;阻碍经济的发展..A higher proportion of elderly people in the population is also likely to cause labour shortages and hinder economic growth. 15. 政府资助艺术家和音乐家的做法其实是滥用纳税人的钱..It is a dissipation of taxpayers’ money for the government to subsidize artists and musicians;有些电视节目非常吸引人;令人分心;使不少小孩很难专心学习..Some TV programs are so tempting and distracting that many children can hardly focus on their study.应该教育学生克制住自己不要沉迷于网上聊天;因为他们的任务是学习.. Students should be taught to refrain themselves from chatting online because their main task is study.兼职占用学生宝贵的时间;影响他们的学习..Taking a part-time job takes up students’ valuable time and affects their study.为了兼职赚钱;有些学生甚至逃课;严重影响学业..In order to earn some money by taking up a part-time job; some students even skip classes and their academic performance is seriously affected.电视机帮助人们打发时间;驱除孤独..TV helps people to kill time and drive off their loneliness.比起火车和长途汽车旅行;廉价航空旅行帮游客节省了大量的时间..这意味着游客有更多的时间和精力去享受旅游景点..Compared with a journey by train or by coach; low-cost flights save tourists a great deal of time. This means that they can have more time and energy to enjoy the attractions that they wish to visit. 家长应该限制孩子们每天看电视的时间在1-2小时以内并且鼓励他们积极参加体育运动和社会活动..Parents should limit children’s TV viewing to one to two hours a day and encourage them to actively participate in sports and social activities.例如;通过在线会议;商务人士可以省时间并且避免旅行开支..For example; by having online meetings; business people can save time and avoid travel costs.手机和因特网一方面提高了工作效率;但另一方面他们减少了人们和他们关心的人在一起的时间..Mobile phones and the Internet have increased work efficiency on one hand; but on the other hand they have reduced the time people spent with those they care about.1. 应该对私家车进行限制;因为汽车排放许多有毒气体..Private cars should be restricted because cars emit many toxic gases.2. 吃太多的快餐有害健康;因为快餐含有太多的脂肪、糖分和热量..Eating too much fast food is physically damaging; because fast food contains too much fat; sugar and calorie.3. 过分沉迷于电脑游戏会导致近视和肥胖..Overindulgence in computer games contributes to myopia and obesity.4. 由于环境不断恶化;许多城市居民患有多种呼吸道疾病..Due to the deteriorating environment; many city dwellers suffer from some respiratory diseases.5. 体育锻炼有利于人们减压..Physical exercise helps people to ease their mental strain.6. 我们应该摈弃一些不良的生活习惯;如烟酒过度、暴饮暴食等..We should do away with bad living habits such as excessive drinking and smoking and overeating.7. 垃圾问题对人们的健康构成潜在威胁;因为垃圾含有各种各样的细菌、病毒;并且传播多种流行性疾病..The rubbish problem poses potential risks to people’s health because trash contains all kinds of germs and transmits a number of epidemic diseases.电视和互联网使人们和朋友疏远了;因为现在人们缺乏与朋友面对面的交流..TV and the Internet alienate people from their friends because people nowadays lack adequate face-to-face communication with theirfriends/peers.国际旅游业的发展可能导致国与国之间关系紧张的加剧..The development of international tourism may contribute to greater tension between nations.3．体罚伤感情;这样把家长和小孩疏远开了..Corporal punishment is emotionally detrimental; which alienates parents from their children.4. 通过远程教育接受教育的人缺乏许多必要的人际交往能力;容易变得以自我为中心和内向..Those who receive education through tele-education lack many essential interpersonal skills and tend to be self-centered and introverted.5. 过早送小孩去托儿所会伤害感情;因为缺乏父母关爱的小孩往往觉得孤独和沮丧..Sending a child to a nursery at an early stage is emotionally harmful ;because children who lack parental care and love tend to feel isolated and depressed.6. 在家上班远程办公会使人产生疏远的感觉;而且在家上班的人可能变得对人冷漠;缺乏强烈的团队精神..Telecommuting creates a sense of estrangement among individuals and telecommuters may become indifferent to others and lack a strong team spirit.7. 全职太太经常觉得孤独;情绪低落和受挫..Full-time housewives often feel isolated; depressed and frustrated.8. 如果老人住到敬老院;他们会觉得自己没价值了;被家人遗弃了;同时感到绝望..If old people are sent to live in a nursing house; they tend to feel useless; deserted by their family and hopeless.9. 由于缺乏情感交流;误会产生了;有时甚至导致一个家庭的破裂..For lack of emotional exchanges; misunderstanding arises and sometime leads to the breakup of a family.10. 由于缺乏对当地风俗和传统的了解;游客和当地人交流时可能会发生冲突.. \For lack of adequate knowledge of the local customs and traditions; some disputes may arise when tourists communicate with the locals.远程教育导致一系列的心理问题;如自闭、焦虑和抑郁..Tele-education results in a series of psychological problems such as withdrawal; anxiety and depression.当他们尝试适应一个新的环境的时候; 小孩会感到无助和想家..Children will feel helpless and homesick when they attempt to adjust to a new environment.1 培养小孩独立性和自信心的最佳办法是给他们一份兼职工作..The best way to foster children’s indep endence and self-confidence is to give them a part-time job.2 改进教学质量的非常有效的方法是鼓励学生批评和评价他们的老师..A very effective way to improve teaching quality is to encourage students to criticize and evaluate their teachers.3 人们普遍认为教育对个人发展与社会的良好运行都起着至关重要的作用..be of vital importance; well-beingIt is generally believed that education is of vital importance to individual development and well-being of society.4 看太多电视对智力发展有害;换句话说;它限制了创造力和想象力.. Too much TV viewing is intellectually damaging; in other words; it kills creativity and imagination.5 很明显的是;父母的行为对孩子的世界观有直接的影响..It is clear/obvious/apparent that parents’ behavior has a direct impact on children’ s world view.6不可否认的是教育在可持续社会发展中起着重要的作用..There is no denying that education plays an important role in the sustainable social development.7 经常沉迷于电视的小孩不懂区分现实和虚幻..distinguish…..from…..; reality; fantasyA child who often revels in TV can not distinguish/tell reality from fantasy.1. 我反对死刑的第一个原因是它侵犯了人的生命权..Why I do not support having the death penalty is that it violatesthe right of subsistence.2. 动物实验是种野蛮和不文明的做法;它剥夺了动物的生存权..Animal testing is a cruel and uncivilized practice that deprives animals of their right of subsistence.新闻审查制度剥夺了我们的知情权..Censorship deprives us of the right to know the truth.鼓励妇女回家做全职太太是很荒唐的想法;它剥夺妇女工作的权利;是性别歧视..Encouraging females to go back home to be full-time housewives is a very ridiculous idea which deprives women of their basic right to work; and is a sort of sexual discrimination.5. 体罚侵犯小孩的人权;影响他们的身心健康..Corporal punishment violates children ‘s human rights and affects their physical and mental health.公共场合安装摄像机是对个人隐私的公然侵犯..The installation of cameras in public areas is a brazen infringement of one’s privacy我同意中央政府、地方政府和每个公民都应该对环境保护负责的观点..I agree with the view that the central government; the local government and citizens all have responsibility for environmental protection.不可否认的是;飞机旅行产生空气污染;在某种程度上对全球气候变化负有责任..There is no denying that air travel generates air pollution; which is to some extent responsible for global climate changes.当今主要问题之一是;诸如煤炭和石油之类的天然能源显然正在被快速耗尽;并且它们是不可再生的..One of today’s major problems is that natural energy resources such as coal and oil are apparently running out quickly and are not renewable.对资源的需求增加引起大范围的伐木和采矿;这些都是水土流失的主要原因..The stronger demand for resources leads to extensive logging and mining; which are the main causes of soil erosion.5. 工业废料未经过滤就倾倒到河流里;污染了河流;给附近的居民带来巨大的危害..The industrial waste is dumped into rivers without being filtered; thus contaminating the rivers and bringing great harm to the residents nearby.政府可以对不环保的产品课以重税然后用税收去资助环境项目..The government can impose high tax penalties on environmentally-damaging products; and then use the tax to fund environmental pollution.7. 栖息地的破坏使许多动物无家可归;成为濒危物种..Habitat destruction makes many species of animals become homeless and become endangered.1. 政府努力保护好濒危的语言是至关重要的..It is of great significance for a government to make efforts toconserve endangered culture and language.2. 旅游业有助于保护城市的历史文化遗产..Tourism helps to preserve the city’s historical and culturalheritage.3. 大量涌入旅游景点的游客对文物的保护构成潜在的威胁..Too many tourists flooding the tourist attractions also pose potential risks to the preservation of cultural relics.4. 全球一体化对土着文化和语言的保护构成潜在;因为正如我们所知; 跨文化交际越越频繁;文化同化和渗透是不可避免的..Globalization poses potential risks to the preservation of aboriginal culture and language; because we know crow-cultural communication is becoming increasingly frequent and cultural assimilation and penetration is inevitable.5. 除了文化价值之外;传统艺术还有重要的教育价值..他们帮助年轻人理解自己国家的风俗与历史..Apart from cultural value; traditional arts also have significant educational value. They help young people to understand the customs and history of their country.6.多元化社会有一系列的经济、文化与社会优势..A multicultural society has a range of economic; cultural and social advantages.多元化社会的另一个经济优势是很多人会双语甚至是多语种..Another economic benefit of a multicultural society is that many people are bilingual or even multilingual.政府和学校应采取措施来防止小语种的消失..extinction ;minority languagesGovernments and schools should take some measures to prevent the extinction of minority languages.我认为政府应该对互联网实施新闻审查;因为网上有不少暴力色情材料;对青少年的身心发展带来负面的影响..I believe that the government should impose censorship on the Internet; because there is much violence and pornography on the Internet which exerts adverse effects on teenagers’ physical and mental health.2. 成迷于暴力游戏和电视节目会导致暴力行为..Indulgence in violent games and TV shows leads to violent acts.3.小孩子有机会通过互联网接触到淫秽物品;甚至在媒体的负面影响下误入歧途..Children have access to obscene material via the Internet and even go astray under the negative influence of the mass media.4.小孩子缺乏恰当的自控和自律能力;他们很容易沉迷于网上冲浪.. Children lack adequate self-control and self-discipline; and they are likely to indulge themselves in net surfing.毒品的诱惑力太大了;不少人抵挡不住它的诱惑而沉迷与其中..Drugs are so alluring that few people can resist the temptation and are obsessed with drugs.如果政府能都为人们提供更好而且价格更容易承担教育和就业培训;并且通过改善经济来增加就业机会;那么贫困与犯罪也会减少..If the government provides people with better and more affordable education and job training; and creates more employment opportunities by improving the economy; poverty and crime rates will also decline.。
写作十大原则词汇
写作十大原则词汇一、经济原则1、浪费、奢侈expensive / dear / costly 昂贵的luxurious豪华的奢侈的extravagant奢侈的retrench节约，紧缩开支economize节约，有效地利用money-consuming 浪费钱的valuable / precious 宝贵的，贵重的waste / lavish / squander 浪费throw money into thin air 浪费钱2、贫困的，富有的economic difficulty / pressure / problem 经济困难/压力/问题improverish 使贫穷wealthy 富有的improverished / poor / needy / destitute / poverty-striken 贫困的profitable 赚钱的，盈利的3、缺乏be short of / run out of / shortage of 缺乏insufficient不够的lack n.缺乏，短缺的东西；v.缺乏scarcity n.缺乏scarcity of budgetary resources 预算经费短缺4、资金，财产a tight budget 预算紧张financial aid / burden / strain 经济援助/负担/财政紧张foreign currency 外汇hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱income收入invest v.投资limited pubilc funds 有限的公共资金government revenue 国家收入5、收费，开支consumer goods 消费品consumption 消费expenditure 支出necessity 必要品，必需品6、贫民，下岗人员baggar 穷人homeless 无家可归的jobless / laid-off 失业的7、困境，福利charity hospital 慈善医院disease 疾病health care 医疗保健hunger / starvation 饥饿miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的nursing house 养老院nursery 托儿所welfare 福利shelter n.掩蔽处v.掩蔽，躲避alleviate / eliminate 摆脱二、时间原则1、浪费、占用时间a time filler 消磨时光的事物mess around 浪费时间limited time 有限时间squeeze time 挤时间be wasteful of / consume / kill / pass+time 消磨时间time-consuming 浪费时间的 a waste of time浪费时间drive off loneliness 驱逐孤独occupy / take up time占用时间precious time宝贵的时间2、吸引、诱人attract / catch / capture / allure 吸引attractive有吸引力的alluring / tempting 引诱人的distracting 分心的distract 转移3、上瘾、沉迷abandon / do away with 放弃/遗弃resist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑abandon oneself to / wallow in / revel in / indulge in / be addicted to 沉迷于4、自控、节制control n.控制，支配，管理vt.控制，支配aelf-control 自控mature 成熟的，到期的，充分考虑的self-discipline 自制immature 不成熟的curious 好奇的discipline n.纪律，学科v.训练refrain oneself from doing sth.克制住自己不要去做某事5、学习、逃课academic performance 学习成绩discontinue one’s education辍学rewarding 报答的，有益的，值得的efficiency 效率be diverted from 偏离正轨misleading 易误解的，令人误解的skip classes / schools 逃课/学三、健康原则1、疾病acute 急性的respiratory disease 呼吸道疾病chronic 慢性的epidemic 流行性的infectious disease 传染病depression 抑郁hypertension 高血压allergy 过敏症diabetes 糖尿病stroke 中风tuberculosis 肺结核eye irritation 眼睛发炎hydrophobia 狂犬病coronary heart disease 冠心病terminal illness 绝症tumor 瘤2、各种症状headaches 头痛indigestion 消化不良muscle aches 肌肉疼痛myopia 近视dizzy 头昏眼花的overweight / obesity 肥胖sore throat 咽喉痛symptom 症状tiredness 疲劳，疲倦insomnia 失眠nausea 反胃malnutrition 营养不良high cholesterol 高胆固醇3、有害的额不良习惯cancer-causing agent / carcinogen 致癌物convenience food 方便食品high fat and calorie 高脂肪和热量oily food 油腻食物endanger one’s health / do harm to one’s health有害健康physical 身体的damage / harm vt.&n.伤害，损害harmful / detrimental 有害的，伤害的psychological 心理的4、细菌、病毒bacteria 细菌exhaust 尾气radiation 辐射poisonous / toxic gas 有毒气体viruses 病毒excessive intake of sth.过量摄入bleach 漂白剂5、健康的生活方式balanced diet 均衡的饮食vegetarian diet 素食energetic / vigorous 精力旺盛的jog 慢跑lose weight减肥aerobic exercise 有氧运动be immune to 免疫的life expectancy预期寿命6、治疗、药物cure 治愈medical care / treatment 医疗prevention 预防eradicate 根除nutritious 有营养成分的nourishment 营养品pain killer 止痛片vitamin C 维生素C treatment / therapy 治疗四、情感原则1、热情的、可靠的cheerful 愉快的devoted 投入的affectionate 充满深情的energetic 精神饱满的enthusiasm 热心emotion 情感refreshing 令人精神爽快的faithful / loyal / sincere 守信的，可靠的befriend v.亲近2、孤僻、冷漠、焦虑anxiety 忧虑apathetic / indifferent 冷漠的inhospitable 不好客的hopeless 绝望的pessimistic 悲观的diffident缺乏自信的frustrated 受挫的introverted 性格内向的isolated 隔离的unsociable 不善交际的withdrawn 自闭的withdrawal 自闭physical and mental / psychological 身心的3、虐待、疏远、遗弃abuse 虐待abandoned / deserted 遗弃的maltreat / ill-treat 虐待extra marital affairs 婚外恋divorce离婚worthless 没有价值的gap 隔阂，代沟desert 遗弃ignore / neglect 忽视misunderstanding误会isolate隔离prejudice 偏见distance 疏远distance A from B / alienate A from B 使A和B分离hopeless没有希望的4、残酷的、好斗的conflict 冲突dispute 争议hatred / resentment 怨恨，愤恨hostile 敌对的tension 紧张antagonism 对抗brute 残酷的evoke / induce 诱发，引起5、鼓励、安慰、亲近foster 鼓励comfort / console 安慰friendship 友谊international goodwill 国际友好五、智力与教育原则1、聪明的、机灵的clever 聪明的ingenious 机灵的talented 有才能的intellectual 智慧的faculty 才能insight 洞察力mental growth 智力发展nature 天性wisdom / brightnesss / intelligence / wit 智力，智慧genius / prodigy 天才2、笨的、平庸的clumsy / dull 笨拙的impractical 不切实际的narrow-minded 思想狭隘的illogical 不合理的technology-dependent 依赖科技的fantastic 荒谬的，空想的ridiculous 可笑的，荒谬的3、培养、发挥、开发appreciate 赏识foster / cultivate 培养explore 开发cognitive 认知能力promote 促进，提升stimulate 刺激，激励mold 塑造play the talents 发挥才干4、创新的、想象association 联想creativity 创造力originality 创意imagination 想象力passion 热情，激情shrewd 精明的individuality 个性observation 观察力literacy 有文化instructive 有教育性的sophisticated 久经世故的5、知识、观点、能力a book worm 书虫quality education素质教育computer literacy 电脑知识 a learned person 知识渊博的人survival ability 生存能力thinking pattern 思维模式master 掌握achievement / skills 能力tele-education / online education / distant education 远程教育六、心理原则1、自大的、好斗的aggressive 好斗的arrogant 傲慢的ambitious 有雄心的snobbish 势利的self-centered / self-oriented 以自我为中心的2、胆小的、抑郁的innocent 天真无知的timid / chicken-hearted / cowardly 胆小的brittle / frail 脆弱的gloomy 忧郁的3、合群的、孤僻的liberal / broad-minded 豁达的outgoing / extroverted 外向的introverted 内向的unsociable 不爱交际的lonely / solitary / isolated 孤独的4、理性的、不切实际的、变态的、疯狂的crazy 疯狂的reasonable / rational 理性的self-centered / egocentric 自我中心的envious 嫉妒的contented 满足的abnormal 反常的，变态的idealize 理想化impractial / unrealistic 不切实际的optimism 乐观主义nervous breakdown 神经失常eccentric古怪的5、烦躁的、窘迫的embarrassing 困窘的frustrated 失败的moody 喜怒无常的irritable 易怒的nervous 神经紧张的七、权利原则1、禁止、限制、剥夺limit / restrict 限制ban / forbid / prohibit 禁止，阻止rob / deprive / bereave剥夺abolish / do away with 废除，废止（法律，制度，习俗）2、侵犯、干涉interfere / intervene / intermeddle 干涉invade / violate违反，侵犯brazen infringement 公然的侵犯3、权利、平等、自由deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物human rights / civil rights 民权copyright 版权legitimate合法的justice 正义the right of subsistence生存权the right to work 工作权legal 法定的humanistic 人道的fair and square / fair-minded / rightful / just 公正的inviolable 不可侵犯的corporal / physical punishment 体罚death penalty / capital punishment 死刑enjoy the freedom / privacy 享受自由/个人空间abortion 堕胎4、歧视、偏见discrimination歧视sexual discrimination性别歧视social discrimination 社会歧视distortion 扭曲political constraint 政治压力humiliating 羞辱的unprejudiced 无偏见的irrationality 不合理的5、制定、实施、建立constitute / set down / establish 制定enact颁布regulation 法规litigate 起诉6、新闻封锁、死刑、安乐死blackout 新闻封锁censorship 审查制度monopoly垄断military service 兵役enthanasia 安乐死八、环保原则1、垃圾、废物chemical-waste 华工废料garbage / refuse / junk / trash / litter / rubbish 垃圾landfill垃圾掩埋municipal refuse 城市垃圾waste gas 废气debris 残骸2、肮脏、污染food pollution 食品污染light / water body / noise / soil / atmospheric pollution chemical substances 化学物质municipal sewage 城市污水pesticide 农药antiseptic 防腐剂dirty / filthy 肮脏emit radiation 排放辐射acid rain 酸雨contaminate / pollute 污染contaminant / pollution disposable products 一次性产品3、生态、环保anthropologist 人类学家beautification 美化biology 生物biosphere 生物圈biodegradable 生物能分解的cityscape 都市风景conserve / preserve 保藏durable 耐用的ecological balance 生态平衡endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种rare animals稀有物种wild animals野生动物vegetation 植被environmentalist 环境保护论者food chain / web 食物链environmentally friendly 环保的recycle 可循环的globalization 全球化picturesque 迷人的surroundngs 环境4、生态灾害、恶果be exhausted 被耗尽die out / become extinct 灭绝run out of 用光worsen / deteriorate 恶化avalanche 雪崩landslip塌方blameworthy 应受谴责的desertification 沙漠化poisonous 有毒的energy shortage 能源短缺soil erosion 水土流失irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害traffic jam交通拥挤vicious cycle恶性循环ruin / spoil / destroy 毁坏unbearable 无法忍受的destruction 破坏urbanization 城市化deforestation 毁林land clearing 开垦土地natural habitat 栖息地九、文化与传统原则1、语言、文化、传统brilliant culture 灿烂的文化diverse cultures 多元文化minority people 少数民族cultural identity 文化特性cultural habit文化习惯cultural legacy 文化遗产native language母语cultural objects and historic relics 文化古迹minority language少数民族语言dialect 方言civiliazation 文明（社会）bilingual 双语的artistic 艺术的2、祖先、遗留ancestor / forefathers 祖先ancient 远古的traditional 传统的treasure 财宝ba passed down传递下去3、同化、吸收、破坏absorb the quintessence 吸取精华assimilate 同化forced assimilation 逼迫同化damage / destroy / ruin 破坏outside influences外来影响4、灭绝、消失、过时的be on the way to extinction 接近灭绝的边缘state of endangerment 濒危的状态vanish / disappear 消失be under threat of extinction 处于灭绝的境地in danger 处于危险之中old-fashioned / out-of-date 过时的5、丰富的、无价的abundant 丰富的brilliant / splendid 光辉灿烂的great and profound 博大精深的imperishable / immortal 不朽的instructive有教育性的invaluable 价值无法衡量的unique 唯一独特的far-reaching 深远的precious 宝贵的6、保护、发扬、继承carry forward 发扬光大reservation 保留transmit / spread 传播reject the dross and assimilate the essence吸取精华，剔除糟粕7、民族特性、归属感ethnic / national identity 民族特色national pride 民族自豪感 a sense of belonging 归属感national unity民族团结collectivism 集体主义思想take pride in 以···为傲cradle of culture 文化摇篮8、传统艺术形式cross-talk / comic dialogue 相声embroidery 刺绣（品）folk art 民间艺术handicraft 手工艺opera 歌剧paper-cutting 剪纸puppet show 木偶剧sculpture 雕塑wood carving 木雕十、道德与犯罪原则1、是非、诱惑、自控ditinguish good from wrong / distinguish virtue from evil 明辨是非proper guidance 恰当的指导resist the temptation of 抵挡住诱惑self-control 自控self-discipline 自律monitoring and supervision 监管censor the Internet 审查网络sequacious 盲从的misleading 误导人的addiction上瘾curiosity好奇心alluring 诱人的inexperienced 无经验的be prone to social ills易受到社会恶习的侵蚀go astray 误入歧途imitate / copy / mimic 模仿ignorance无知，不熟练的2、人性弱点aggressive 好斗的antisocial 反社会的depraved堕落的irrational 非理性的spoiled 宠坏的illiteracy 文盲immature 不成熟的money-oriented 拜金主义的morally corrupt 道德败坏的untrustworthy 靠不住的egocentric 利己主义self-centered 自我为中心的negative / positive role model 负/正面榜样indecent material 淫秽材料peer pressure 同伴的压力be guilty of 有罪的lax discipline 纪律松散3、罪行种种armed robbery 持械抢劫bully威吓burglary入室行窃drug abuse滥用毒品domestic violence家庭暴力child abuse 虐待drug addiction 隐君子corporal abuse体罚sexual harassment 性骚扰prostitution 卖淫evil邪恶；邪恶的pornography 色情negative / adverse 负面的/不利的violence 暴力murder谋杀4、关心与同情be affertionate to 充满柔情的sympathetic / caring有同情心的considerate体贴人的trusting 信任confidence 自信self-esteem 自重life skill 生活技能emotional exchange 情感交流strengthen family ties 促进家庭情感enhance face-to-face communication 加强面对面的交流。
十大写作原则高频词汇
十大写作原则高频词汇1. 金钱、经济原则•economic burden 经济负担•Economize 节约，有效地利用•financial strain 资金紧张•money-consuming 浪费钱的•poverty-stricken 贫困的•government revenue 政府税收2. 时间效率原则• a great waste of time 浪费时间• a waste of time and resources 浪费时间和资源•discontinue one’s studying 辍学•Efficiency 效率•resist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑•Rewarding 有益的，值得的•time-consuming 浪费时间的•abandon oneself to 沉溺于3. 健康原则• a meager diet 清茶淡饭•aerobic exercise 有杨运动•balanced diet 平衡的饮食•be physically damaging 有害健康的•excessive intake 过量摄入•junk food 垃圾食品•medical treatment 医疗•Nutritious 有营养的•psychological pressure 心理压力4. 情感原则•emotional need 情感需求•Harmonious 和谐的•Optimistic 乐观的•Frustrated 受挫的，失败的•Encouraging 鼓舞人心的5. 智力与教育原则•A learned person 知识渊博的人•Ability of expression 表达能力•Bring into the talents 发挥才干•Computer literacy 电脑知识•Cultivate 培养•Mental growth 智力发展•Put … into great play 充分发挥•Quality education 素质教育•General education 通识教育6. 心理原则•alleviate stress 缓解压力•liberal 心胸广阔•rational 理性的•state of mind 心态•unrealistic 不切实际的7. 权利原则•abolish 废除•consumer’s association 消费者委员会•copyright 版权•self-reliance 自力更生•set down 制定•sex discrimination 性别歧视•social security 社会保障制度8. 环保原则•atmosphere pollution 大气污染•conserve 保护•deteriorate 恶化•disposable products 一次性产品•ecological balance 生态平衡•energy shortage 能源短缺•irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害•light pollution 光污染•soil pollution 土壤污染9. 文化与传统原则•absorb the quintessence 吸取精华•antiquated idea 陈旧观念•brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化•carry forward 发扬光大•cultural objects and historic relics文化古迹•ingrain notion 根深蒂固的看法•traditional cultural education传统文化教育10. 道德与犯罪原则•be prone to social ills 易受社会恶习的侵蚀•have a tremendous impact on有深远影响•mass media大众媒体•monitoring and supervision 监管•negative role model 负面的榜样•peer influence 同伴的影响•proper guidance 恰当的指引•strengthening the family ties 密切家庭感情。
银川海派英语【雅思写作】大作文考试之十大关键词
银川海派英语【雅思写作】大作文考试之十大关键词扫描下方二维码关注海派国际英语官方微信公众账号，更多精彩内容不容错过！！雅思大作文是典型的学术类议论文，其重要特征之一是依靠词汇的准确多变来丰富观点的意思和加强论证力度。
很多烤鸭一厢情愿地认为，作文中的词汇要“既大又难”，由此陷入背诵词汇的无底深渊。
如果仔细研究剑桥考官的范文，你会发现从来没有出现过真正能算得上是彪悍的词汇，大部分词甚至还没有达到大学英语六级的难度。
然而，一些貌似简单的词被考官们用得非常经典，要么丰富了句意，要么增强了表达，要么体现了思维的严密性。
这些词用起来相当有范儿，考起来相当拿分，现在是该我们好好认识一下他们的时候了。
1. outweigh【词性】动词【出现频率】三星【用法】当想要表达“…多于\超过…” 的时候，第一个跳入你脑海的词组往往是“…be more than…”。
但是，如果你多看几个大作文的题目，outweigh这个词永远是衡量利弊型文章的一个题目标志，它不单纯只是数量多少的比较，更重要的是，体现了二者利弊和分量的权衡。
2. tend【词性】动词【出现频率】三星【用法】这个词常常加在谓语动词前，构成“tend to…”，意思是“往往会… \ 易于…”，表示一种不太绝对的推断，使你在议论文中的观点有退身的余地，显得不绝对，不偏激。
剑5P165考官范文中：They tend to be more independent which is a very important factor in academic study and research. 此外，由于大作文题目中的两个立场其实都是有道理的，表达观点的时候，“I tend to think…” 比“I think…” 更好，因为我们不是非黑即白，而只是“倾向”其中一方而已，从而为整篇文章的双边论证定下基调。
3. perspective【词性】名词【出现频率】三星【用法】“perspective”的意思是“远景”，强调的是对事物的整体把握，短语“get a clear perspective of…” 的字面意思是“得到了对…的清楚的远景”，其实就是“清楚地认识到…”的意思。
雅思写作核心词汇总结
雅思写作核心词汇总结雅思写作核心词汇总结一、媒体类1. paparazzi 狗仔队2. mass media 大众媒体3. entertainment 娱乐4. journalism 新闻业5. journal 期刊6. the latest news 最新消息7. exclusive news 独家新闻8. news agency 新闻社9. news blockout 新闻封锁10. news censorship 新闻审查11. freedom of the press 新闻自由news blockout12. coverage 新闻报道13. do reportage on … 报导…14. hit the headlines 上头条15. issue 出版、发行16. newsstand 报摊17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18. chief editor 总编19. editorial 社论20. newsworthy 值得报道的21. barometer 晴雨表23. live broadcast 直播24. quiz show 智力竞争节目25. game show 游戏节目26. variety show 综合节目27. talk show 脱口秀28. sitcom 情景喜剧29. soap opera 肥皂剧30. movie star 电影明星31. movie king 影帝32. movie queen 影后33. affair 绯闻34. celebrity 名人35. fame 名声36. rise to fame 声名鹊起37. fan 粉丝38. invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39. misleading 误导性的40. cheating 欺骗性的41. popularity 知名度enjoy great popularity42. scandal 丑闻43. sensational 轰动的44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的45. imperative 重要的、必要的46. audience ratings 收视率47. propaganda 宣传48. be abducted by 受…诱导49. purify one’s soul 净化心灵50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味53. provide somebody with something 给…提供54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚55. commit crimes 犯罪56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57. impressive 给人印象深刻的58. right to know 知情权59. in the disguise of … 打着…的幌子60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全二、工作类1. ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的2. adaptability 适应性3. adapt oneself to … 使自己适应…4. prosperity 繁荣5. be disadvantageous to … 对…不利6. flow of personnel 人才流动7. mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制8. survival of the fittest 适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment 成就感10. potentiality 潜能11. learn to cooperate and comprise 学习合作和妥协12. be deeply impressed with … 对…印象很深13. company philosophy 企业文化14. flexibility 灵活性15. competitive 竞争激烈的16. arena 舞台17. team-work spirit 团队合作精神18. treasure opportunity 珍惜机会19. a fat salary 收入颇丰20. a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系21. a sense of responsibility 责任感22. material gains 物质待遇23. promising future 光明的前途24. bright prospect 光明的前景25. a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作26. turning point 转折点27. be closely related to …与…息息相关28. get advanced in the society 出人头地29. a decent job 一份体面的工作30. chance of promotion升迁机会31. stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感32. keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新33. expand one’s horizon 开阔视野34. balance work and life 平衡工作和生活35. from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族36. shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担起自己的责任37. upgrade oneself 提升自我38. a well-paid job 高收入工作39. creative work 创造性工作40. stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战41. realize the value of life 实现人生价值42. enrich one’s so cial experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历43. cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44. seek for personal development 追求个人发展45. display one’s talent 展示才能46. a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感47. promotion opportunity 提升机会48. meet one’s personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求49. define one’s role 确定自己的角色50. social recognition 社会认可51. accumulate experience 获取经验52. inspiring 鼓舞人心的53. motivation 动机54. workaholic 工作狂55. working environment 工作环境56. work overtime 加班57. improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力58. d evelop one’s talents 培养才智59. ideal workplace 理想工作场所60. master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能61. She’s but a girl. 她只是一个女孩。
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇汇总
写作核心词汇1 金钱原则（MONEY）a tight budget 资金紧张alleviate vt. 减轻，使（痛苦等）易于忍受bankrupt n . 破产者； adj.破产了的be short of 缺乏beggar n. 乞丐burden n. 担子，压力，负担； v .担负burn money 浪费钱charity hospital 慈善医院consumption n. 消费（量）costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的dear adj. 昂贵的destitute adj. 穷困的，缺乏的economic burden 经济负担economic difficulty 经济困难eligible children 适龄儿童eliminate vt. 排除，消除expend vt. 花费，消耗，支出expenditure n . 花费，支出，消耗expensive adj. 花费的，昂贵的finance vt. 资助，供给……经费，负担经费；n .财政，金融financial aid 经济资助financial strain 资金紧张，以济压力foreign currency 外汇go broken 破产government revenue 政府税收health care 医疗保健homeless adj. 无家的，无家可归的hunger n . 饥饿illiteracy n . 文盲income n . 收入，收益insurance n . 保险（单/费）invest v . 投资jobless n .失业者； adj.失业的lack n .缺乏，短缺的东西； vt .缺乏laid-off worker 下岗工人limited public funds 有限的公共资金luxurious adj.奢侈的，豪华的miserable adj.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的money-consuming 浪费钱的money-oriented 拜金主义的necessity n .必要性，需要，（日常）必需品needy adj. 贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的nursing house 敬老院orphanage n . 孤儿院overdraft n . 透支pauper poor n .叫花子，乞丐adj.贫穷的，可怜的poverty line 贫困线，贫穷线poverty-stricken adj.贫穷/乏的precious adj.宝贵的，贵重的，珍爱的profitable adj.盈利的，有益的，有利可图的run out of 用完，用光，耗尽scarcity n .缺乏，不足shelter n .庇护所，栖身之所； v .掩蔽，躲避shortage n .不足，缺乏squander v.浪费starvation n .饥饿subsidize v .资助，津贴taxpayer n .纳税人throw money into thin air 浪费钱valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的welfare n .福利，安宁，幸福，社会安全； adj.福利的2 时间原则（TIME）abandon oneself to 沉溺于academic performance 学习表现，学习成绩addictive adj. 上瘾的alluring adj.迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的a time filler 消磨时间的事物a (great )waste of time and resources 浪费（大量的）时间和资源be obsessed with 沉迷于be wasteful of 浪费detract v .转移distract v .转移distracting adj.分心的discontinue one's studying 辍学efficiency n .效率，功效induce vt .劝诱，促使，导致，引起limited adj.有限的，狭窄的lure v .引诱misleading adj.易误解的，令人误解的，引人歧途的，骗人的occupy vt .占用pass time 消磨时光productivity n .生产力resist the temptation 抵挡诱惑revel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于，沉迷于self-discipline n .自律，自我约束self-control n .自控（能力），克己，自制refrain vi./n . 节制，避免，制止restrain vt .抑制，制止rewarding adj. 有益的，值得的skip classes 逃课squeeze time 挤时间take up 占用，开始从事time-consuming adj.消耗时间的wallow in 沉溺于idle away the time 消磨时间3 健康原则（HEALTH）a meager diet 素食acute adj.急性的aerobic exercise 有氧运动allergy n .过敏症be physically damaging 有害健康的calcium magnesium 镁化钙cancer-causing n .致癌cancerous adj.癌的carcinogen n .致癌物质carnivorous adj.食肉类的chronic adj.慢性的convenience food 方便食品coronary heart disease 冠心病deleterious adj.有害的，有毒的depression n .郊郁（症），沮丧，消沉do harm to one's health 有害健康endanger vt .危及energetic adj.精力充沛的，积极的epidemic n .传染病excessive intake 过量摄入eye irritation 眼睛发炎fatigue n .疲乏，疲劳fitness n .健康fume n .（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气体harmful adj.有毒的，有害的，伤害的hazardous adj.危险的，有害的high fat and calorie 高脂肪和高热量hygiene n .保健法，卫生hypertension n .高血压，过度紧张immune adj.免疫的impair v .削弱，危及incurable disease 绝症indigestion n .消化不良indolent adj.懒惰的infectious disease 传染病insomnia an .失眠（症）jog n .慢跑junk food 垃圾食品，无营养食品lose weight 减肥malady n .疾病malnutrition .营养失调，营养不良morbid adj.病态的，不正常的neurotic adj.神经质的nocuous adj.有害的，有毒的nourishment n .食物，营养品noxious adj.有害的oily food 油腻食物organ transplant 器官移植overweight n.超重pernicious adj.有害的poisonous adj.有毒的prevention n .预防，防止psychological pressure 心理压力radiation n .辐射，放射线remedy n .疗法sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式sore throat 喉咙发炎，喉咙疼stroke n .中风symptom n .[医]症状，征兆tiredness n .疲劳，疲倦toxic gas 有毒气体tranquillizer n .镇静药tuberculosis n .肺结核tumor n .瘤vegetarian n .素食者； adj.素食的vigorous adj.精力旺盛的，有力的健壮的virus n .病毒，毒害vitamin C 维生素Cweariness n .疲倦，厌烦，疲劳wholesome adj.健康的，有益的cure v .治愈，治疗； n .治愈，痊愈treatment n .治疗，处理，对待4 情感原则（EMOTION）abandoned adj.被抛弃的，自甘堕落的,没有约事的abuse n .虐待，辱骂； v .滥用，虐待，辱骂affectionate adj.充满深情的，挚爱的alienate v .疏远anxiety n .忧虑，焦急，渴望，热望apartness n .冷漠，孤独apathy n .缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠break up 破碎，分裂，结束brute adj.残酷的cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的congenial adj.性格相似的，适意的deserted adj.为人所弃的desolation n .孤独，凄凉devoted adj.投入的，深爱的distance n .疏远的，距离，远离divorce n .离婚emotion n .情绪，情感，感情emotional needs 感情需求estrangement n .疏远extra-marital affairs 婚外恋faithful adj.守信的，忠实的，可靠的friendly adj.友好的ignore vt .不理睬，忽视indifferent adj.冷漠的inhospitable adj.冷淡的，不好客的inhospitality n .冷淡，不和气，冷漠introverted adj.内向的，含蓄的isolated adj.孤独的，孤单的，隔离的，孤立的loyal adj.忠诚的，忠心的maltreat v t .虐待misunderstanding n .误会，误解neglect vt./n .忽视，疏忽nonchalance n .冷淡optimist n .乐天派，乐观者pessimistic adj.悲观的，厌世的refreshing adj.令人精神爽快的resentment n .怨恨，愤恨restful adj.宁静的romantic adj.浪漫的，空想的，夸大的sincerity n .诚挚，真实，真挚stable adj.稳定的stoniness n .冷漠strained adj.紧张的superior adj.高傲的，出众的； n .长者，高手，上级turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻，置若罔闻unconcern n .漫不经心，冷淡，不关心unsociable adj.不爱交际的warm-hearted adj.热心的wear a long face 拉长着脸withdrawn adj.性格内向的，孤独的world-weary adj.厌世的5 智力与教育原则（INTELLECT AND EDUCATION）ability of expression 表达能力acumen n .敏锐，洞察力adept adj.熟练的，拿手的appreciate vt .赏识，鉴赏assessment n.评价，估价book worm 书虫brain n .智力，脑髓brightness n .聪明，智慧bring into the talents 发挥才干clumsiness n .笨拙computer literacy 计算机知识creative adj.创造性的creativity n .创造力，创造criterion n .标准discernment n .识别力，洞察力excel v .优于，优秀，胜过他人experience n ./vt .经验，体验，经历，阅历experienced adj.富有经验的explore v .探险，探究，开发fantastic adj.幻想的，荒谬的，空想的genius n .天才，天赋high-quality adj.高质量的idealism n .理想主义illogical adj.缺乏逻辑的imagination n .想象（力）individuality n .个性，个人的特性ingenious adj.机灵的，有创造力的inherence n .（性质等的）内在，固有，天赋innate adj.天生的，与生俱来的inquisitive adj.好追根究底的，好奇的insight n.洞察力，见识instinct n .直觉，本能instinctive adj.本能的instructive adj.有意义的，在教育性的intellect n .智力intellectual adj.理智的，知识的intellectuality n .智力，知性intelligence quotient 智商learned person 知识渊博的人literacy n .有文化，在教养，在读写能力master vt .精通，掌握mediocrity n .平庸（的人）mental growth 智力发展mold v .塑造narrow-minded adj.思想狭隘的nature n .本性，天性nonsensical adj.无意义的，荒谬的observation n .观察，观测perception n.洞察力，感知，理解perspective n .观点，看法，观点potential adj.潜在的，可能的； n .潜能，潜力prodigy n .天才（特指神童）promote vt .促进，发扬，推广，宣传，提升，提拔，晋升为put into great play 充分发挥quality education 素质教育savor n .滋味，风味，体验，品味shrewd adj.精明的sophisticated adj.复杂的，老练的，世故的stimulate vt .刺激，激励survival ability 生存能力tactful adj.机智的，得体的talented adj.有才能的technology-dependent adj.依赖科技的tele-education n .远程教育thinking pattern 思维模式utilitarian adj.功利的，实利的，功利主义的wisdom n .智慧，明智的行为，学识，至理名言wit n .智力，才智，智慧6 心理原则（PSYCHOLOGY）abnormality n .异常，例外aggressive adj.好斗的，敢作敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的alleviate stress 缓解压力arrogant adj.傲慢的，自大的aspiring adj.有抱负的，有雄心的behavior n .行为，举止brittle adj.脆弱的complacent adj.自满的，自鸣得意的contented adj.心满足的cowardly adj.胆小的craven n .懦夫，胆小鬼，怯懦者； adj.怯懦的，畏缩的，胆小的curmudgeon n .坏脾气的人devotion n .热爱，投入disrespectful adj.失礼的，无礼的ego n .自我，利已主义embarrass vt .使困窘，使局促不安envious adj.嫉妒的extrovert n .性格外向者frail adj.脆弱的idiosyncrasy n .(心理)特异品质indifference n .不感兴趣，漠不关心insatiable adj.不知足的，贪得无厌的irritable adj.易怒的lonesome adj.孤单的，寂寞的mad adj.疯狂的melancholy adj.忧郁的mentality n .智力，精神，心理，思想情况nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的nervous breakdown 神经失常out of control 失去理智的，控制不了的out-going adj.外向的pessimism n .悲观（主义）proper pride 自尊心psychology n .心理学，心理状态rational adj.理性的，合理的snobbish adj.势利的solitary adj.孤独的sorrow n..悲伤superstitious adj.迷信的temperamental adj.喜怒无常的timid adj.胆小的，羞怯的unrealistic adj.不切实际的，不实在的7 权利原则（RIGHTS）abolish vt .废止，废除（法律，制度，习俗等）abortion n .流产，堕胎accuse vt .指责animals rights advocate n .动物权益保护者ban n .禁令； vt .禁止，取缔（书刊等）bereave vt .剥夺，使失去blackout n.新闻封锁death penalty 死刑censorship n .审查机构，审查制度civil right 民权collectivism n .集体主义（思想）confidential adj.秘密的constitute vt .制定（法律）delinquent n .失职者，违法者； adj.有过失的，违法的demand as one's due 视为……的权利deprive vt .剥夺，使丧失distortion n .歪曲，扭曲enact vt .制定法律，颁布enjoy the freedom 享受自由enjoy the privacy 享受个人空间establishment n .确立，制定euthanasia n .安乐死fair- minded adj. 公正的fight for the freedom 为自由而战forbid vt .禁止，不许force n .被迫，经历，魄力； vt .强制，强加freedom of speech 言论自由human rights 人权humanistic adj. 人道主义的inalienable adj.不可剥夺的，不能让与的individualistic adj.个人主义的interference n .冲突，干涉intermeddle vt .干涉，管闲事intervene vi.干涉，干预，介入intimate adj.亲密的invade v .侵犯，侵害inviolable adj.神圣的jurisdiction n .审判权just adj.公正的justified adj.合情合理的liberation n .解放，释放liberty n .自由，特权licit adj.合法的，正当的limit n .限制；vt .限制litigate v.起诉misbirth n .流产，堕胎oppression n .压迫oust of 剥夺privacy n .独处而不受干扰，秘密，隐私prohibit vt .禁止，阻止right of subsistence 生命权righteous adj.正直的，正当的，正义的rightful adj.公正的set down 制定set free 释放 set frame to disturbing horn social security 社会保障，社会保险stress n .重压，压力stringent adj.严厉的，迫切的，严格的unprejudiced adj.公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的violate vt .违犯，亵渎（圣物），违反violation n .违反，侵害，违背political constraint 政治的压力military service 兵役8 环保原则（ENVIRONMENT）accessible adj.易接近的，可到达的acid n .酸性物质anthropologist n..人类学家antiseptic n .防腐剂atmospheric pollution 大气污染available adj.可利用的，有用的be exhausted 被耗尽的beautification n .美化，装饰begrimed adj.污秽的biodegradable adj.生物所能分解的blameworthy adj.应受谴责的bucolic adj.田园的，农村生活的cancer n .癌chemical-waste 化工废料cityscape n .都市风景condition n .条件，环境congest v .使密集，拥塞conserve vt.保护，保存，保藏contaminant n .致污物，污染物contaminate v.污染convenient adj.便利的，方便的depersonalization n . 使变得失去人性，使变得漠然durable adj.持久的，耐用的ecological balance 生态平衡ecological system 生态系统ecology n .生态学emit n .排放endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种energy shortage 能源短缺environment n..环境，生态环境，自然环境environmentalist n .环境保护论者，环境论者environmentally friendly 环保的exhaust vt .用尽，耗尽； vi.排气； n.废气food chain 食物链food pollution 食品污染fume n .烟garbage n .垃圾，废物gene n .基因globalization n .全球一体化illaudable adj.应受谴责的illegal adj.违法的，不合规定的incinerator n .焚化装置，焚化炉irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害junk n .垃圾landscape n .风景landslip n .山泥倾泻light pollution 光污染meteorologist n .气象学家municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipal sewage 城市污水optimize the environment 尽可能改善工作环境overpass n .立交桥pastoral adj.田园生活的，乡村的pesticide n .农药picturesque adj.迷人的preserve vt .保护，保存radioactivity n .放射性rare animal 稀有动物rarity n .稀有recyclable adj.可循环的rubbish n .垃圾，废物ruin v .（使）堕落，毁灭，毁掉smelly adj.发臭的，有臭味的soil erosion 水土流失soil pollution 土壤污染spoil vt.损坏，扰乱，宠坏，溺爱，搞糟squalid adj.肮脏的stain n .污点，瑕疵； v.染污，沾污stink v .发出臭味subsistence n .生存，生活tar n .焦油surroundings n .环境toxic chemical 有毒化学品traffic jam 交通阻塞trash n .无价值之物，垃圾，废物tunnel n.隧道，地道unbearable adj.无法忍受的，承受不住的unspoilt adj.未被毁坏的vegetation n .植被，植物，蔬菜ventilation n .通风；用新鲜空气净化vicious circle 恶性循环waste gas 废气wastewater n .废气water body pollution 水体污染wild animal 野生动物wilderness n . 荒野，荒地wildlife n .野生动植物worsen v .（使）变得更坏，恶化，损害9 文化与传统原则（CULTURE AND TRADITION）aboriginal culture 土著（原来的）文化aboriginal language 土著语言absorb the quintessence 吸取精华aesthetic value 美学价值aesthetic adj. 美学的，审美的ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗ancient adj. 古代的，远古的antiquated idea 陈旧观念archeologist n.考古学家artistic value 艺术价值be on the way to extinction 接近灭绝的边缘be passed down 传递be proud of 感到骄傲be under threat of extinction 处于灭绝的境地bequeath v .遗留，传下brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化calligraphy n .说法carry forward 发扬光大celebrated adj. 著名的characteristic adj. 特有的，典型的；n .特性，特征cherish vt. 珍视，珍爱，怀抱（希望等）civilization n .文明，文化，文明社会civilized adj.开化了的，文明的，文明社会clever blend of traditional and modern 传统与现代的巧妙结合colorless adj. 无色的，无趣味的comic dialogue 相声costume n .服装，装束cradle of culture 文化摇篮cross-talk n. 相声cultivate v . 培养，养成cultural assimilation 文化同化cultural background 文化背景cultural habit 文化习惯cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化特性cultural institution 文化机构cultural legacy 文化遗产cultural object and historic relic 文化古迹diverse culture 多元化的文化diversity n .差异，多样性dominant language 主流的语言embroidery n .刺绣品，刺绣，装饰endangered language 濒临灭绝的语言ethnic and cultural identity 民族文化特色folk art 民间艺术forced assimilation 强迫同化gallery n .戏院，美术陈列室，画廊genre n . 流派globalization of culture 文化全球一体化great and profound 博大精深的hindrance n .妨碍，障碍historic relic 历史文物homogenous world culture 同一的世界文化identity n .民族特点，国家特色immortal adj.不朽的impediment n .妨碍，阻碍imperishable adj.不朽的in danger 处于危险之中in vogue 正时兴，正在流行indigenous language 本土语言ingrain notion 根深蒂固的看法language extinction 语言消亡language loss 语言消失language preservation 语言保护living heirloom 传家宝mainstream lifestyle 主流生活方式minority language 少数民族语言minority people 少数民族mother tongue 母语national estrangement 民族隔阂national identity 民族特性national pride 民族自豪感national unity 民族团结native language 母语obsolete adj.过时的，废弃的，陈旧的obstacle n .障碍，妨害物obstruction n .阻塞，妨碍，障碍物old-fashioned adj.过时的open-minded adj.思想开放的opera n.歌剧out of fashion 不流行的outmoded adj.过时的out-of-date adj.过时的outside influence 外来影响paper-cutting n .剪纸patron n .赞助人place of interest 名胜古迹prime n..精华；adj.首要的puppet show 木偶剧quintessence n .精萃，精华，典范reject the dross and assimilate the essence 剔除糟粕，吸取精华remains n .遗迹reservation n .保留，保护sculpture n ./v.雕刻，雕塑sense of belonging 归属感shame n .羞耻，羞愧small ethnic group 少数民族sociology n .社会学splendid adj.壮丽的，辉煌的，极好的spread v .传播state of endangerment 濒危的状态stylish adj.时髦的，漂亮的，流行的superficial adj.表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的take pride in 以……为荣temple n .寺庙traditional cultural education 传统文化教育traditional culture 传统文化transform vt .转换，改变，转化，变换，改造transmit vt.传输，发射，传播treasure n .财富，财产；v .珍爱，爱惜tribal tradition 种族传统tribe n .部落unique adj.惟一的，独特的unorthodox adj.非正统的vanish vi.消失，突然不见的variety n .多样性，品种，种类，变化vessel of communication 交流的工具war and genocide 战争和种族大屠杀wave of cultural globalization 文化全球一体化的浪潮wisdom n .智慧woodcarving n .木雕10 道德与犯罪原则（MORALITY AND CRIME）abuse ,neglect and delinquency 虐待，忽视，行为不良addiction n .沉溺，上瘾adolescent adj.青春期的，青春的；n .青少年affection n .友爱，爱情，影响aggressive behavior 进攻性行为anomaly n .不规则，异常的人或物antisocial adj.不擅社交的，反社会的armed robbery 持械抢劫arson n .纵火，纵火罪avenge oneself on 向……报仇，向……进行报复be charged with 被指控犯罪be guilty of 有罪be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀bully n .欺凌弱小者；vt .威吓，威逼burglary v .入室行窃child abuse 摧殘儿童，虐待儿童confidence ,self-esteem and life skills 信心，自信和生活技能copy n.模仿，仿效curiosity n .好奇（心）degenerate v .退化，恶化，堕落deprivation n .颓废，堕落depraved adj.堕落的，邪恶的detrimental adj.有害的differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非domestic violence 家庭暴力drug addict 吸毒者drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精dupe n .易受骗的人，易受愚弄的人；vt .欺骗，愚弄egocentric person 自私自利的人emotional adj.情绪的，情感的evil adj.邪恶的；n .邪恶，罪恶fall a victim to 成为……的牺牲品follow like sheep盲从go astray 误入歧途guilt adj.犯罪的，有罪的，内疚的inexperience n .无经验，不熟练，缺乏处世之道或知识inexperienced adj.无经验的，不熟练的intervention n .干涉juvenile adj.青少年的material comforts 物质享受monitoring and supervision 监管morally corrupt 道德败坏的naive adj.天真的，幼稚的negative role model 负面榜样obsession n .迷住，困扰offender n .罪犯，冒犯者，犯法者offensive material 不恰当的材料，不雅材料parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容peer influence 同伴的影响peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力perpetrator n .犯罪者，作恶者personality trait 性格特征perverted adj.不正当的physical abuse 体罚pornographic adj.色情的，色情作品的poverty n .贫穷，贫困pregnancy n .怀孕primp v .<美>（过分讲究地）打扮，装饰proper guidance 恰当的指引prostitution n .卖淫，堕落，滥用respect n./v. 尊敬，敬重，尊重retaliate v .报复risky behavior 危险的行为self-centered adj.自我为中心的sequacious adj.盲从的sexual harassment 性骚扰single-parent family 单亲家庭sinister adj.险恶的,邪恶的,罪恶的spoiled adj.宠坏的strengthen the family ties 增强家庭感情substance abuse滥用毒品take fantasy for reality把虚幻当现实take vengeance on报仇thievery n .偷窃trusting adj.信任的,信赖的unwed mother 未婚妈妈upbringing n .抚育,教养victim n.受害人,牺牲品victimization n .受害,牺牲,欺骗violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲。
吴建业雅思写作十大原则
吴建业雅思写作十大原则吴建业雅思写作十大原则是什么？该怎么运用，下面小编和大家谈谈这个话题。
吴建业老师雅思写作的十大原则Q：如何在写作中运用吴老师的"十大原则"?A：其实这个问题跟如何开阔思路相关。
上面我简单谈了如何在众多雅思写作话题中寻找"共性"，善于归类，积累相关论点论据，做到事半功倍。
这里我简单介绍一下广大雅思考生所熟知的所谓的"吴氏写作十大原则"。
"写作十大原则"其实是笔者通过研究归纳出来的万用观点和词汇库。
换句话说，是雅思作文必备观点和词汇，属于"万金油"、"救命稻草"或者说是"保底观点和词汇"，不管考试中遇到什么话题，都能够说出个所以然，不会出现思维短路现象，或者有感而发不出来。
我们只要稍微思考就会发现，世上不少表面迥异的事物其实有许多共性。
比方说，我们讨论政府该不该投资太空研究或者三峡工程的话题时，反对方的论据离不开资金紧缺、环境污染、侵犯他人/国权益等方面;讨论动物园的必要性时，反对方的论据也不外乎是浪费有限资金、造成环境污染和侵犯动物权益等。
也就是说，考虑大多数问题的时候，人们一般都是从几大方面去思考的，不管是支持还是反对。
如果我们在备考的过程中注意积累相关的观点和词汇，并熟练运用到具体的雅思写作中，我相信广大考生对雅思作文的恐惧感就会逐渐消失，信心不断增强，最后顺利通过雅思考试。
"写作十大原则"包括以下方面：(1)money (2) time (3) health (4) intellect (5) psychology (6) emotion (7) rights (8) environment (9) culture(10) morality。
大部分雅思话题的正反论据都涉及到"十大原则"中的其中几个方面。
雅思写作范文网 必背核心词组
雅思写作范文网必背核心词组on aount of… 因为…，由于…in addition to… 除…之外on (the/an) average平均，一般来说on the basis of… 根据…，在…的根底上at (the) best充其量，至多on business因公，因事in any case无论如何，总之in case of… 假使…，万一…in case假设，以防(万一)免得in no case决不by chance偶然，碰巧in charge of… 负责…，主管…in mon共用，共有，共同in conclusion最后，总之on condition that在…条件下in connection with/to… 关于…in consequence因此，结果in consequence of… 由于…的缘故on the contrary反之，正相反in contrast with/to… 与…成对照under control被控制住at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of… 以…为代价in the course of… 在…过程中，在…期间in detail详细地in difficulties处境困难on earth究竟，到底at all events无论如何in any event无论如何in effect实际上with the exception of… 除…之外in the face of… 面对…，不顾…in favor of… 有利于…，赞成…，支持… in general通常，大体上at heart在内心,实质上in honor of… 为纪念…，向…表示敬意at intervals不时，时时at length终于，最后,详细地at a loss困惑，不知所措by all means无论如何，必定本文摘自齐辙老师无忧雅思博客。
(完整版)雅思写作核心词汇梳理
核心词汇梳理Sublist 1analyse 分析，观察approach 方法，接近area 区域assess 评估assume 假设authority 权利，当局available 可得的benefit 利益，有益的concept 概念consist 组成，在于established 已制定的estimate 估计，估价evidence 证据export 输出，出口factors 因素financial 金融的formula 公式，配方function 功能identified 被识别的income 收入occur 发生，出现percent 百分比period 时期，周期policy 政策，保险单principle 原则，本质procedure 程序，步骤process 加工，过程required 必需的research 研究，调查response 反应，回答constitutional 体制的context 环境，上下文contract 订约，合同create 创造data 数据，资料definition 定义derived 衍生的distribution 分布，分配economic 经济的environment 环境indicate 表明，指出individual 个人，个体interpretation 翻译involved 有关的issues 议题labour 劳动力，人工legal 法律的，合法的legislation 立法major 主要的，科目method 方法role 角色，任务section 部分，章节sector 部门significant 有效，有意义similar 相似的source 来源specific 特定的，明确的structure 结构，组织theory 理论，推测variable 可变的Sublist 2achieve 达成acquisition 获得administration 管理affect 影响，感动appropriate 适当的aspects 方面assistance 辅助categories 类别chapter 章回commission 委员会design 设计，构思distinction 区别elements 基础，原理equation 等式，反应式evaluation 评价，估价features 特点final 最终的focus 焦点，中心impact 影响，冲突injury 损伤potential 潜在的，电势previous 以前的primary 初级的，基本的purchase 购买的range 范围region 地区，范围regulations 规程relevant 有关的resident 居住的，居民resource 资源，办法community 社区，团体complex 复杂的computer 计算机conclusion 结论，推论conduct 带领，引导consequences 结果construction 建设，结构consumer 消费者，用户credit 信用cultural 文化的institute 制定，创立invest 投资，耗费items 所有物品，项目journal 杂志，日记maintain 维持，主张normal 正常的，标准的obtain 获得participate 参与perceive 察觉，理解positive 积极的，确定的restrict 限制，约束secure 保护，安全的seek 寻求select 挑选site 地点，设置strategy 战略，策略survey 调查text 文本，发短信tradition 惯例，传统transfer 转移，转让Sublist 3alternative 供选择的circumstance 环境，情况comment 评论compensate 补偿，赔偿component 组成的，成分consent 同意，一致considerable 相当大的constant 不变的contain 包含，容纳contribute 贡献，出力emphasis 重点，强调ensure 确保，保证exclude 排除，排斥framework 框架，结构fund 基金，投资illustrate 阐明，举例immigrate 移入imply 意味，暗示initial 最初的instance 实例，情况philosophy 哲学physical 物理的，身体的proportion 比例，面积publish 发表，公布react 反应，反抗register 注册，登记rely 依靠，信赖remove 移动，迁移scheme 计划，组织sequence 序列，顺序convene 召集，传唤coordinate 协调core 核心，要点corporate 公司的correspond 一致criteria 标准，条件deduce 推断demonstrate 展示，论证document 文件，证件dominate 支配，控制interact 相互影响justify 证明合法layer 层link 链接，关系locate 定位maximise 增至最大minor 次要的，较小的negate 否定outcome 结果，成果partner 合伙人sex 性别shift 转变，转换specify 详细说明，列举sufficient 充分的task 任务，作业technical 科技的，技术的technique 技巧，技术technology 技术，工艺valid 有效的volume 量，卷Sublist 4access 进入，接近adequate 充足的，适当的annual 年度的apparent 显然的，表面的approximate 近似，接近于attitude 态度，看法attribute 特质，把...归为civil 公民的code 密码，编码commit 犯罪，指派error 误差，错误ethnic 种族的，人种的goal 目标，得分grant 授予，允许hence 因此，以后hypothesis 假设implement 实施，执行implicate 暗示impose 强加，利用integrate 整合，结合parallel 平行线，对比parameter 参数，系数phase 阶段predict 预言principal 主要的，校长prior 优先的professional 专业的project 设计，计划promote 促进，提升regime 政权，社会制度communicate 交流，传达concentrate 集中，浓缩confer 授予，协商contrast 对比，对照cycle 循环，自行车debate 争论despite 尽管，轻视dimension 尺寸，纬度domestic 国内的，家庭的emerge 浮现，暴露internal 内部的，国内的investigate 调查，研究job 工作，职业label 标签，标注mechanism 机制，原理obvious 明显的occupy 占据，占领option 选项output 输出，产量overall 全部的resolve 解决，分解retain 保持，记住series 系列statistic 统计的，统计数值status 地位，情形stress 压力，强调subsequent 后来的sum 总数，总结summary 概要，总结undertake 从事，承担。
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雅思写作十大原则核心词汇2.1 金钱原则（MONEY）a tight budget 资金紧张alleviate vt.减轻，使（痛苦等）易于忍受bankrupt n .破产者；adj.破产了的be short of 缺乏beggar n .乞丐burden n..担子，压力，负担；v .担负burn money 浪费钱charity hospital 慈善医院consumption n .消费（量）costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的dear adj.昂贵的destitute adj.穷困的，缺乏的(destitution)economic burden 经济负担economic difficulty 经济困难eligible children 适龄儿童(eligibility)eliminate vt.排除，消除expend vt.花费，消耗，支出expenditure n .花费，支出，消耗expensive adj.花费的，昂贵的finance vt.资助，供给……经费，负担经费；n .财政，金融financial aid 经济资助financial strain 资金紧张，经济压力foreign currency 外汇go broken 破产government revenue 政府税收health care 医疗保健homeless adj.无家的，无家可归的illiteracy n .文盲income n .收入，收益insurance n .保险（单/费）invest v .投资jobless n .失业者；adj.失业的lack n .缺乏，短缺的东西；vt .缺乏laid-off worker 下岗工人limited public funds 有限的公共资金luxurious adj.奢侈的，豪华的miserable adj.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的money-consuming 浪费钱的money-oriented 拜金主义的necessity n .必要性，需要，（日常）必需品needy adj.贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的nursing house 敬老院orphanage n .孤儿院overdraft n .透支pauper n .叫花子，乞丐poor adj.贫穷的，可怜的poverty line 贫困线，贫穷线poverty-stricken adj.贫穷/乏的precious adj.宝贵的，贵重的，珍爱的profitable adj.盈利的，有益的，有利可图的run out of 用完，用光，耗尽scarcity n .缺乏，不足shelter n .庇护所，栖身之所；v .掩蔽，躲避shortage n .不足，缺乏squander v.浪费subsidize v .资助，津贴(subsidy; subsidization)taxpayer n .纳税人throw money into thin air 浪费钱valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的welfare n .福利，安宁，幸福，社会安全；adj.福利的2.2 时间原则（TIME）abandon oneself to 沉溺于academic performance 学习表现，学习成绩addictive adj. 上瘾的alluring adj.迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的a time filler 消磨时间的事物a (great )waste of time and resources 浪费（大量的）时间和资源be obsessed with 沉迷于be wasteful of 浪费detract v .转移;减损；贬低distract v .转移distracting adj.分心的discontinue one's studying 辍学efficiency n .效率，功效induce vt .劝诱，促使，导致，引起limited adj.有限的，狭窄的lure v .引诱misleading adj.易误解的，令人误解的，引人歧途的，骗人的occupy vt .占用pass time 消磨时光productivity n .生产力resist the temptation 抵挡诱惑revel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于，沉迷于self-discipline n .自律，自我约束self-control n .自控（能力），克己，自制refrain vi./n . 节制，避免，制止restrain vt .抑制，制止rewarding adj.有益的，值得的skip classes 逃课squeeze time 挤时间take up 占用，开始从事time-consuming adj.消耗时间的wallow in 沉溺于wile away the time 消磨时间(wile 诡计，骗人的把戏/ 欺骗，诱惑)2.3 健康原则（HEALTH）a meager diet 素食acute adj.急性的；敏锐；激烈；严重acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎aerobic exercise 有氧运动allergy n .过敏症 (allergic)be physically damaging 有害健康的calcium magnesium 镁化钙cancer-causing n .致癌cancerous adj.癌的carcinogen n .致癌物质carnivorous adj.食肉类的 (carnivore—herbivore/vegetarian—omnivore) chronic adj.慢性的convenience food 方便食品coronary heart disease 冠心病deleterious adj.有害的，有毒的depression n .郁郁（症），沮丧，消沉do harm to one's health 有害健康endanger vt .危及energetic adj.精力充沛的，积极的epidemic n .传染病excessive intake 过量摄入eye irritation 眼睛发炎fatigue n .疲乏，疲劳fitness n .健康fume n .（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气体harmful adj.有毒的，有害的，伤害的hazardous adj.危险的，有害的high fat and calorie 高脂肪和高热量hygiene n .保健法，卫生hypertension n .高血压，过度紧张immune adj.免疫的impair v .削弱，危及 (impairment)incurable disease 绝症indigestion n .消化不良indolent adj.小痛的无痛的；顽性的恢复缓慢的；懒惰的 (indolence)infectious disease 传染病insomnia an .失眠（症）amnesia n.健忘症euthanasia安乐死jog n .慢跑junk food 垃圾食品，无营养食品lose weight 减肥malady n .疾病；不正之风malnutrition n .营养失调，营养不良morbid adj.病态的，不正常的myopia n.近视；缺乏远见 =short-sightedness/ nearsightedness hyperopia/hypermetropia n. 远视neurotic adj.神经质的nocuous adj.有害的，有毒的nourishment n .食物，营养品noxious adj.有害的=toxicoily food 油腻食物organ transplant 器官移植overweight n.超重pernicious adj.有害的;致命的pernicious anemia 恶性贫血poisonous adj.有毒的prevention n .预防，防止psychological pressure 心理压力radiation n .辐射，放射线remedy n .疗法sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式sore throat 喉咙发炎，喉咙疼stroke n .中风symptom n .[医]症状，征兆tiredness n .疲劳，疲倦toxic gas 有毒气体tranquillizer n .镇静药tuberculosis n .肺结核tumor n .瘤vegetarian n .素食者； adj.素食的vigorous adj.精力旺盛的，有力的健壮的virus n .病毒，毒害vitamin C 维生素Cweariness n .疲倦，厌烦，疲劳wholesome adj.健康的，有益的cure v .治愈，治疗； n .治愈，痊愈treatment n .治疗，处理，对待2.4 情感原则（EMOTION）abandoned adj.被抛弃的，自甘堕落的,没有约事的abuse n .虐待，辱骂；v .滥用，虐待，辱骂affectionate adj.充满深情的，挚爱的alienate v .疏远anxiety n .忧虑，焦急，渴望，热望apartness n .冷漠，孤独apathy n .缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠break up 破碎，分裂，结束brutal adj.残酷的cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的congenial adj.性格相似的，适意的deserted adj.为人所弃的desolation n .孤独，凄凉devoted adj.投入的，深爱的distance n .疏远的，距离，远离divorce n .离婚emotion n .情绪，情感，感情emotional needs 感情需求estrangement n .疏远(estrange)extra-marital affairs 婚外恋faithful adj.守信的，忠实的，可靠的friendly adj.友好的ignore vt .不理睬，忽视indifferent adj.冷漠的inhospitable adj.冷淡的，不好客的inhospitality n .冷淡，不和气，冷漠introverted adj.内向的，含蓄的introvert n. (extroverted; extrovert) isolated adj.孤独的，孤单的，隔离的，孤立的loyal adj.忠诚的，忠心的maltreat v t .虐待misunderstanding n .误会，误解neglect vt./n .忽视，疏忽nonchalance n .冷淡; 漠不关心(nonchalant)optimist n .乐天派，乐观者pessimistic adj.悲观的，厌世的refreshing adj.令人精神爽快的resentment n .怨恨，愤恨restful adj.宁静的romantic adj.浪漫的，空想的，夸大的sincerity n .诚挚，真实，真挚stable adj.稳定的stoniness n .冷漠; 一名不文strained adj.紧张的superior adj.高傲的，出众的；n .长者，高手，上级turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻，置若罔闻unconcern n .漫不经心，冷淡，不关心unsociable adj.不爱交际的warm-hearted adj.热心的wear a long face 拉长着脸withdrawn adj.性格内向的，孤独的world-weary adj.厌世的2.5 智力与教育原则（INTELLECT AND EDUCATION） ability of expression 表达能力acumen n .敏锐，洞察力(business/ financial/ political~) adept adj.熟练的，拿手的appreciate vt .赏识，鉴赏assessment n.评价，估价book worm 书虫brain n .智力，脑髓brightness n .聪明，智慧bring into the talents 发挥才干clumsiness n .笨拙computer literacy 计算机知识creative adj.创造性的creativity n .创造力，创造criterion n .标准discernment n .识别力，洞察力(discern; discernible) excel v .优于，优秀，胜过他人experience n ./vt .经验，体验，经历，阅历experienced adj.富有经验的explore v .探险，探究，开发fantastic adj.幻想的，荒谬的，空想的genius n .天才，天赋high-quality adj.高质量的idealism n .理想主义illogical adj.缺乏逻辑的imagination n .想象（力）individuality n .个性，个人的特性ingenious adj.机灵的，有创造力的inherence n .（性质等的）内在，固有，天赋innate adj.天生的，与生俱来的inquisitive adj.好追根究底的，好奇的(inquire) insight n.洞察力，见识instinct n .直觉，本能instinctive adj.本能的instructive adj.有意义的，在教育性的intellect n .智力intellectual adj.理智的，知识的intellectuality n .智力，知性intelligence quotient 智商IQ Emotional Quotient learned person 知识渊博的人literacy n .有文化，在教养，在读写能力master vt .精通，掌握mediocrity n .平庸（的人）(mediocre)mental growth 智力发展mold v .塑造narrow-minded adj.思想狭隘的nature n .本性，天性nonsensical adj.无意义的，荒谬的observation n .观察，观测perception n.洞察力，感知，理解perspective n .观点，看法，观点potential adj.潜在的，可能的；n .潜能，潜力prodigy n .天才（特指神童）promote vt .促进，发扬，推广，宣传，提升，提拔，晋升为put into great play 充分发挥quality education 素质教育savor n .滋味，风味，体验，品味shrewd adj.精明的sophisticated adj.复杂的，老练的，世故的stimulate vt .刺激，激励survival ability 生存能力tactful adj.机智的，得体的; 老练圆滑talented adj.有才能的technology-dependent adj.依赖科技的tele-education n .远程教育thinking pattern 思维模式utilitarian adj.功利的，实利的，功利主义的wisdom n .智慧，明智的行为，学识，至理名言wit n .智力，才智，智慧2．6 心理原则（PSYCHOLOGY）abnormality n .异常，例外aggressive adj.好斗的，敢作敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的alleviate stress 缓解压力arrogant adj.傲慢的，自大的aspiring adj.有抱负的，有雄心的behavior n .行为，举止brittle adj.脆弱的complacent adj.自满的，自鸣得意的complacency n. contented adj.心满足的cowardly adj.胆小的craven n .懦夫，胆小鬼，怯懦者；adj.怯懦的，畏缩的，胆小的curmudgeon n .坏脾气的人, 乖戾的老人devotion n .热爱，投入disrespectful adj.失礼的，无礼的ego n .自我，利已主义embarrass vt .使困窘，使局促不安envious adj.嫉妒的extrovert n .性格外向者introvert n.性格内向者frail adj.脆弱的idiosyncrasy n .(心理)特异品质，气质，习性；表现手法，风格indifference n .不感兴趣，漠不关心insatiable adj.不知足的，贪得无厌的irritable adj.易怒的lonesome adj.孤单的，寂寞的mad adj.疯狂的melancholy adj.忧郁的mentality n .智力，精神，心理，思想情况nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的nervous breakdown 神经失常out of control 失去理智的，控制不了的out-going adj.外向的pessimism n .悲观（主义）proper pride 自尊心psychology n .心理学，心理状态rational adj.理性的，合理的snobbish adj.势利的solitary adj.孤独的sorrow n..悲伤superstitious adj.迷信的temperamental adj.喜怒无常的timid adj.胆小的，羞怯的unrealistic adj.不切实际的，不实在的2．7权利原则（RIGHTS）abolish vt .废止，废除（法律，制度，习俗等）abortion n .流产，堕胎accuse vt .指责animals rights advocate n .动物权益保护者ban n .禁令；vt .禁止，取缔（书刊等）bereave vt .剥夺，使失去be bereft of 失去，丧失，被剥夺blackout n.新闻封锁，广播中断；断电，灯火管制；暂时意识丧失，一时晕眩capital punishment 死刑censorship n .审查机构，审查制度civil right 民权collectivism n .集体主义（思想）confidential adj.秘密的constitute vt .制定（法律）consumers 'association 消委会copyright n .版权delinquent n .失职者,违法者adj.有过失的,违法的juvenile delinquency demand as one's due 视为……的权利deprive vt .剥夺，使丧失ofdistortion n .歪曲，扭曲enact vt .制定法律，颁布enjoy the freedom 享受自由enjoy the privacy 享受个人空间establishment n .确立，制定euthanasia n .安乐死= mercy killingfair- minded adj. 公正的fight for the freedom 为自由而战forbid vt .禁止，不许force n .被迫，经历，魄力；vt .强制，强加freedom of speech 言论自由human rights 人权humanistic adj. 人道主义的inalienable a. 不可剥夺的,不能让与的alienate转让alienator转让人alienee受让人individualistic adj.个人主义的interference n .冲突，干涉intermeddle vt .干涉，管闲事meddle (in)= interfereintervene vi.干涉，干预，介入intimate adj.亲密的invade v .侵犯，侵害inviolable adj.神圣的jurisdiction n .审判权,管辖权,司法权jurisprudence法学，法律学just adj.公正的justified adj.合情合理的liberation n .解放，释放liberty n .自由，特权licit adj.合法的，正当的illicitlimit n .限制；vt .限制litigate v.起诉litigant诉讼当事人litigation n. indict[inˈdait] v.起诉控告指控indictment n.misbirth n .流产，堕胎monopoly n .垄断oppression n .压迫oust of 剥夺,撤职,驱逐,撵走privacy n .独处而不受干扰，秘密，隐私prohibit vt .禁止，阻止right of subsistence 生命权subsist 供给食物,维持生活,生存,供养righteous adj.正直的，正当的，正义的rightful adj.公正的set down 制定set free 释放social security 社会保障，社会保险stress n .重压，压力stringent adj.严厉的，迫切的，严格的unprejudiced adj.公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的violate vt .违犯，亵渎（圣物），违反violation n .违反，侵害，违背political constraint 政治的压力military service 兵役2.8 环保原则（ENVIRONMENT）accessible adj.易接近的，可到达的acid n .酸性物质anthropologist n.人类学家anthropology n.antiseptic n ./a. 防腐剂,杀菌剂septic a. 受感染的,腐败的; 败血症的atmospheric pollution 大气污染available adj.可利用的，有用的be exhausted 被耗尽的beautification n .美化，装饰begrimed adj.污秽的begrime v. grime n/v 污垢弄污biodegradable adj.生物所能分解的degradable a.可降解的blameworthy adj.应受谴责的bucolic adj.田园的，农村生活的n 土包子rustic 乡村的粗野的淳朴的cancer n .癌chemical-waste 化工废料cityscape n .都市风景landscape n.condition n .条件，环境congest v .使密集，拥塞conserve vt.保护，保存，保藏contaminant n .致污物，污染物contaminate v.污染convenient adj.便利的，方便的depersonalization n . 使变得失去人性，使变得漠然dehumanization n. durable adj.持久的，耐用的ecological balance 生态平衡ecological system 生态系统ecology n .生态学emit n .排放endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种energy shortage 能源短缺environment n..环境，生态环境，自然环境environmentalist n .环境保护论者，环境论者environmentally friendly 环保友好的exhaust vt .用尽，耗尽；vi.排气；n.废气food chain 食物链food pollution 食品污染fume n .烟garbage n .垃圾，废物gene n .基因globalization n .全球一体化illaudable a.应受谴责的laudable=praiseworthy值得称赞laud, laudatory title美称illegal adj.违法的，不合规定的incinerator n .焚化装置，焚化炉incinerate焚化毁弃irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害junk n .垃圾landscape n .风景landslip n .山泥倾泻滑坡土崩landslide 山崩压倒性胜利light pollution 光污染meteorologist n .气象学家meteor大气现象,流行meteorology气象学meteoric大气的,流星的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipality自治市市当局municipal sewage 城市污水optimize the environment 尽可能改善工作环境overpass n .立交桥pastoral adj.田园生活的，乡村的pesticide n .农药picturesque adj.迷人的preserve vt .保护，保存radioactivity n .放射性rare animal 稀有动物rarity n .稀有recyclable adj.可循环的rubbish n .垃圾，废物ruin v .（使）堕落，毁灭，毁掉smelly adj.发臭的，有臭味的soil erosion 水土流失erosion腐蚀侵蚀磨损减少soil pollution 土壤污染spoil vt.损坏，扰乱，宠坏，溺爱，搞糟squalid adj.肮脏的stain n .污点，瑕疵；v.染污，沾污stink v .发出臭味subsistence n .生存，生活surroundings n .环境tar n .焦油toxic chemical 有毒化学品traffic jam 交通阻塞trash n .无价值之物，垃圾，废物white trash穷苦白人,贫穷白人的后裔trashy a. tunnel n.隧道，地道unbearable adj.无法忍受的，承受不住的unspoiled adj.未被毁坏的vegetation n .植被，植物，蔬菜ventilation n .通风；用新鲜空气净化ventilate使通风公开讨论vicious circle恶性循环virtuous circle 良性循环waste gas 废气wastewater n .废气water body pollution 水体污染wild animal 野生动物wilderness n . 荒野，荒地wildlife n .野生动植物worsen v .（使）变得更坏，恶化，损害2．9文化与传统原则（CULTURE AND TRADITION）aboriginal culture 土著（原来的）文化aborigines n.土著居民aboriginal language 土著语言absorb the quintessence 吸取精华quintessence典型完美榜样精华第五元素quint aesthetic value 美学价值aesthetic adj.美学的，审美的ancestor n . 祖先，祖宗ancient adj.古代的，远古的antiquated idea 陈旧观念=outdatedarcheologist n .考古学家artistic value 艺术价值be on the way to extinction接近灭绝的边缘be passed down 传递be proud of 感到骄傲be under threat of extinction 处于灭绝的境地bequeath v .遗留，传下brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化calligraphy n .书法carry forward 发扬光大推进celebrated adj.著名的characteristic adj.特有的，典型的；n .特性，特征cherish vt.珍视，珍爱，怀抱（希望等）harbor心怀（怨恨）civilization n .文明，文化，文明社会civilized adj.开化了的，文明的，文明社会clever blend of traditional and modern 传统与现代的巧妙结合colorless adj.无色的，无趣味的comic dialogue 相声costume n .服装，装束cradle of culture 文化摇篮cross-talk n . 相声cultivate v .培养，养成cultural assimilation 文化同化cultural background 文化背景cultural habit 文化习惯cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化特性cultural institution 文化机构cultural legacy 文化遗产cultural object and historic relic 文化古迹diverse culture 多元化的文化diversity n .差异，多样性dominant language 主流的语言embroidery n .刺绣品，刺绣，装饰endangered language 濒临灭绝的语言ethnic and cultural identity 民族文化特色folk art 民间艺术forced assimilation 强迫同化gallery n .戏院，美术陈列室，画廊genre n .流派globalization of culture 文化全球一体化great and profound 博大精深的hindrance n .妨碍，障碍without let or hindrance 无阻碍的historic relic 历史文物homogenous world culture 同一的世界文化homogenize 使均匀使一致identity n .民族特点，国家特色immortal adj.不朽的impediment n .妨碍，阻碍imperishable adj.不朽的in danger 处于危险之中in vogue 正时兴，正在流行indigenous language 本土语言indigenize 使本土化本国化ingrain notion 根深蒂固的看法ingrain v.使根深蒂固生染a.染色的根深蒂固的ingrained in language extinction 语言消亡language loss 语言消失language preservation 语言保护linguistic diversity 语言多元化living heirloom 传家宝mainstream lifestyle 主流生活方式minority language 少数民族语言minority people 少数民族mother tongue 母语national estrangement 民族隔阂national identity 民族特性national pride 民族自豪感national unity 民族团结native language 母语obsolete adj.过时的，废弃的，陈旧的obstacle n .障碍，妨害物obstruction n .阻塞，妨碍，障碍物old-fashioned adj.过时的open-minded adj.思想开放的opera n.歌剧out of fashion 不流行的outmoded adj.过时的out-of-date adj.过时的outside influence 外来影响paper-cuttin g n .剪纸patron n .赞助人place of interest 名胜古迹prime n..精华；adj.首要的puppet show 木偶剧quintessence n .精萃，精华，典范reject the dross and assimilate the essence 剔除糟粕，吸取精华remains n .遗迹reservation n .保留，保护sculpture n ./v.雕刻，雕塑sense of belonging 归属感shame n .羞耻，羞愧small ethnic group 少数民族sociology n .社会学splendid adj.壮丽的，辉煌的，极好的spread v .传播state of endangerment 濒危的状态stylish adj.时髦的，漂亮的，流行的superficial adj.表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的take pride in 以……为荣temple n .寺庙traditional cultural education 传统文化教育traditional culture 传统文化transform vt .转换，改变，转化，变换，改造transmit vt.传输，发射，传播treasure n .财富，财产；v .珍爱，爱惜tribal tradition 种族传统tribe n .部落unique adj.惟一的，独特的unorthodox adj.非正统的orthodoxvanish vi.消失，突然不见的variety n .多样性，品种，种类，变化vessel of communication 交流的工具war and genocide战争和种族大屠杀ethnic cleansing种族清洗种族灭绝wave of cultural globalization 文化全球一体化的浪潮wisdom n .智慧woodcarving n .木雕2．10 道德与犯罪原则（MORALITY AND CRIME）abuse ,neglect and delinquency 虐待，忽视，行为不良addiction n .沉溺，上瘾adolescent adj.青春期的，青春的；n .青少年affection n .友爱，爱情，影响aggressive behavior 进攻性行为anomaly n .不规则，异常的人或物anomalous a.antisocial adj.不擅社交的，反社会的armed robbery 持械抢劫arson n .纵火，纵火罪avenge oneself on 向……报仇，向……进行报复be charged with 被指控犯罪be guilty of 有罪be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀bully n .欺凌弱小者；vt .威吓，威逼burglary v .入室行窃burglar n.child abuse 摧殘儿童，虐待儿童confidence ,self-esteem and life skills 信心，自信和生活技能copy n.模仿，仿效curiosity n .好奇（心）degenerate v .退化，恶化，堕落deprivation n .剥夺, 丧失depravity n. 堕落, 恶习depraved adj.堕落的，邪恶的detrimental adj.有害的（to）=damaging to the detriment of=resulting in harm/damage to differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非domestic violence 家庭暴力drug addict 吸毒者drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精dupe n .易受骗的人，易受愚弄的人；vt .欺骗，愚弄duplicity n. duplicitous a. egocentric person 自私自利的人emotional adj.情绪的，情感的evil adj.邪恶的；n .邪恶，罪恶fall a victim to 成为……的牺牲品follow like sheep 盲从go astray 误入歧途guilty adj.犯罪的，有罪的，内疚的inexperience n .无经验，不熟练，缺乏处世之道或知识inexperienced adj.无经验的，不熟练的intervention n .干涉juvenile adj.青少年的material comforts 物质享受monitoring and supervision 监管morally corrupt 道德败坏的naive adj.天真的，幼稚的negative role model 负面榜样obsession n .迷住，困扰offender n .罪犯，冒犯者，犯法者offensive material 不恰当的材料，不雅材料parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容peer influence 同伴的影响peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力perpetrator n .犯罪者，作恶者personality trait 性格特征perverted adj.不正当的pervert v.误入歧途physical abuse 体罚pornographic adj.色情的，色情作品的poverty n .贫穷，贫困pregnancy n .怀孕primp v .<美>（过分讲究地）打扮，装饰proper guidance 恰当的指引prostitution n .卖淫，堕落，滥用respect n./v. 尊敬，敬重，尊重retaliate v .报复retaliatory a.risky behavior 危险的行为self-centered adj.自我为中心的sequacious adj.盲从的, 前后一贯的sexual harassment 性骚扰single-parent family 单亲家庭sinister adj.险恶的,邪恶的,罪恶的,不祥的spoiled adj.宠坏的strengthen the family ties 增强家庭感情substance abuse 滥用毒品take fantasy for reality 把虚幻当现实take vengeance on 报仇thievery n .偷窃trusting adj.信任的,信赖的unwed mother 未婚妈妈upbringing n .抚育,教养victim n.受害人,牺牲品victimization n .受害,牺牲,欺骗violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲。