非谓语动词题的八条经典原则(学生)

三步解非谓语动词
遇到有关非谓语动词的单选题，可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度，从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。

第一步：根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式，看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。

非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表
注：1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语；
2).现在分词完成式不作定语。

1．非谓语形式作主语或宾语时，除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。

其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。

例如：1).It’s very kind of you to help us.
2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment .
4).Please show us how to do that.
2．作状语时，不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语，其它状语都用分词来表示。

例如：1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock.
（“非谓语 主句”模式中，非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开，此句中的不定式只作目的状语；此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语，有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though等连词，如：①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.）
2).He came here only to say good-bye to us.
（不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号）
3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic.
（不定式在主句之后，又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果）第二步：在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。

1．非谓语用作主语或状语时，一般根据它们的逻辑主语来判断主被动形式的选用；若无逻辑主语，则以主句主语为判断对象。

例如：1).Using the dictionary,I found it of great use.
（作状语的分词逻辑主语和主句主语相同时，逻辑主语常省去）
2).It’s so nice to hear your voice.
3).Seeing is believing.
（不带逻辑主语的不定式或动名词作主语时，通常看作第一人称的逻辑主语省略）
注意以下特殊情况中非谓语一律用主动式：
①主语 系动词 形容词 不定式
②need/want/require(需要) doing
③be worth doing
2．作宾语或表语时，要根据主句主语来分析主被动形式。

例如：1).The little girl would like to be brought to the State with her brother.
2).His story in the jungle is very exciting.
3．作定语时，应根据被修饰词来选用主被动形式。

例如：1).I have a room to paint,so I can’t go out for a picnic with them.
2).We have a room to be painted.Where can we find a worker?
(当句中出现了作定语的不定式动词的执行者时用主动式，否则用被动式)
4．作宾补的非谓语主被动形式要根据非谓语动词与宾语的关系来确定。

例如：1).Don’t have the water running like that.
2).She sat alone in the room,with her eyes fixed on the ceiling.
第三步：经过第一、二两步分析仍未能作出最后选择时，可能会剩下不定式和分词内部不同的式之间的选择，即非谓语的“时态”，这时可通过比较非谓语动词和谓语动词所发生的先后来判别。

1．不定式的一般式to do/to be done常用在
①表示非谓语动词发生在谓语之后；
例如：1).I hope to see you again soon.
2).Who do you think our teacher will have work on the wall-newspaper?
②表示与谓语动词同时发生的一个全过程动作或谓语当时所处的状态。

例如：4).Have you seen a little boy go into the house?
5).He seems to know that.
2．不定式的进行式to be doing 和现在分词的一般式doing/being done只用来表示非谓语动词和谓语动词同时发生。

例如：1).The secretary worked late into the night, preparaing the long speech for the president.
2).They pretended to be sleeping when Mother came in.
3．不定式完成式to have done/to have been done和现在分词完成式having done/having been done均表示动作发生在谓语之前。

例如：1).He is said to have left.
2).Not having heard from him,I wrote to him again.
4．词常表示发生在谓语之前而及物动词的过去分词则可以指发生在谓语之前或与谓语同时的状态。

例如：1).fallen leaves/a burnt-out match
2).The thief was brought in,with his hands tied behind.
非谓语动词题的八条经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____for a space flight.（07江西卷）
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained
D. to be trained
2. _____ this cake，you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. （2006广东卷）
A. Having made
B. Make
C. To make
D. Making
原则二：用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；
用现在分词，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义。

3. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008. （2006四川卷）
A. hold
B. holding
C. held
D. to be held
4. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
（2006上海卷）
A. waited
B. to wait
C. waiting
D. wait
5. “Things _____ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself. （2007湖南卷）
A. lost
B. losing
C. to lost
D. have lost
6.—The last one _____ pays the meal.
—Agreed!（2007全国I）
A. arrived
B. arrives
C. to arrive
D. arriving
原则三：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词
7. As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _____，and asked myself what I was going to do.
（2007湖南卷）
A. moved
B. moving
C. to move
D. being moved
8. Peter received a letter just now _____ his grandma would come to see him soon.（07四川卷）
A. said
B. says
C. saying
D. to say
9. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class，he would answer carelessly，always _____ the same thing. （2006江苏卷）
A. saying
B. said
C. to say
D. having said
10. We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，_____ that all children like these things. （2006全国III）
A. thinking
B. think
C. to think
D. thought
原则四：用作结果状语时，可用现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是，一般要用现在分词，不定式用作结果状语主要用于某些特定句式中
11. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷）
A. to let
B. letting
C. let
D. having let
12. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山东卷）
A. have reached
B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
13. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陕西卷）
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
14. He hurried to the station only_____ that the train had left. （2005广东卷）
A. to find
B. finding
C. found
D. to have found
原则五：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。

但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式
15. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____. （2007浙江卷）
A. to be heard
B. to have heard
C. hearing
D. being heard
16. The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well _____.（2005湖北卷）
A. to spend
B. spent
C. being spent
D. spending
17. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award， a title _____ to ordinary people for their
contributions to environmental protection. （2006山东卷）
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
原则六：谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致
18. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____. （2006陕西卷）
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
19. While watching television，_____. （2005全国卷III）
A. the door bell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
原则七：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或现在分词的完成式）
20._____ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （2005湖北卷）
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
21. The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. （2005江西卷）
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making
原则八：对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配习惯处理
22._____ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time. （2006四川卷）
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To face
23._____ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （2005湖南卷）
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
【现学现用】
1. A railway station is no place for a child _____ alone at night.
A. leave
B. leaving
C. to be leaving
D. to be left
2. Children should be encouraged _____ up outside interests，such as music or sport.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to have taken
D. having taken
3. We were warned _____ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.
A. not to eat
B. not eating
C. to eat not
D. eating not
4._____ a champion，skill is not enough you have to have the right temperament.
A. To be
B. To have being
C. Having been
D. Being
5. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.
A. Keep
B. Keeping
C. To keep
D. To have kept
6. ___ back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects.
A. Avoiding
B. To avoid
C. Having avoided
D. To be avoiding
7. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting—I’ve got too much work _____.
A. to do to come
B. doing coming
C. to do coming
D. to do coming
8. I arrived at the shop _____ I’d left all my money at home.
A. only to find
B. only finding
C. only found
D. only having found
9._____ these children _____ what you want is a science I can tell you!
A. Getting，done
B. Get，done
C. To get，to do
D. Getting，to do
10. When you're learning to drive，__ a good teacher makes a big difference.
A. have
B. having
C. and have
D. and having
11. _____ knowledge is one thing but _____ able to communicate it to others is another thing.
A. Have，be
B. Having，being
C. Have，being
D. Having，to be
12. Anyone _____ bags，boxes，or whatever，was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry
B. seen carrying
C. saw to carry
D. saw carrying
13. A few days after the interview，I received a letter ___ me the job.
A. offered
B. offering
C. to be offering
D. having offered
14. Don’t leave her _____ outside in the rain—ask her in.
A. wait
B. waiting
C. to wait
D. to be waiting
15. The plane crashed，_____ all 200 people aboard.
A. killed
B. having killed
C. killing
D. had killed
16. My wife had a long talk with Sally，_____ why she didn’t want the children to play together.
A. explained
B. explaining
C. to explain
D. having explained
17. “We can't go out in this weather.”said Bob，___ out of the window.
A. looked
B. looking
C. to look
D. having looked
18. I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house _____ at the moment.
A. painting
B. to paint
C. painted
D. to be paining
19. My wife refused to have the house _____ as a hotel.
A. be using
B. to use
C. using
D. used
20. It can be cheaper to buy a new washing machine than to get your old one _____.
A. repaired
B. to repair
C. repairing
D. having repaired
21. He was always the first _____ and the last _____ the office.
A. to come，to leave
B. coming，leaving
C. to come, left
D. coming，left
22. Robert is said _____ one of my classmates the other day，but I don’t know who she is.
A. to marry
B. to have married
C. to be marrying
D. being married
23. After driving all night we got to Amy's place，__ that she was away.
A. only to discover
B. only discovering
C. only discovered
D. only having discovered
24._____wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
A. Being recognized
B. To be recognized
C. Recognizing
D. Having recognized
25. _____ out more about our products，fill in the form and send it to us at the address below.
A. Finding，giving
B. To find，given
C. Finding，given
D. To find，giving。