长难句1--复杂修饰成分

长难句阅读技巧: 抓主干主谓宾（n v n）主系表(n v adj)
1、去掉复杂修饰成分（通常是后置的修饰成分）
（1）介词短语
Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments which deserve evaluation.
（inheritors have put forward arguments）
作为二十世纪早期“进步派”史学家（如Beard和Becker）等人某些观点的继承者，这些近期的史学家所提出的观点值得我们予以评价。

Practice：
Ukraine high court rejects the appeal by ex-prime Minister against her conviction for abuse of authority.
（2）修饰性从句、名词性从句
A very specialized feeding adaptation in microorganisms is that of
the tadpole-like appendicularia who lives in a walnut-sized or smaller balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate pasture.
（an adaptation is that）
在微小动物中一个非常专业的捕食适应特征是一个蝌蚪状鱼纲的特征（这种鱼住在一个核桃大小或者更小点的粘液壳里，这种壳配有能捕获草食的功能器）
Practice:
The common belief of some linguists that each language is a
perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best.
（3）非谓语动词
Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood.
(studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin might also occur)
H与G的研究（通过测量实验室中单个浮游动物物种的吃食率并随后运
用已知的食草物种种群密度来计算野外环境下种群的吃食率的方法来）评估了自然环境下种群的喂养率
Practice：
Moreover, arguments pointing out the extent of both structural and functional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteria convinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common ancestor before the bacteria arose.
（4）长的形容词成分
The idea of an autonomous discipline called “ philosophy” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.
(The idea turns out to be of quite recent origin).
细作审视，我们便不难发现，一种被称为“哲学”的独立学科——既有别于神学和科学诸般学科，并高高在上地对其予以评判——的思想，其渊源却是甚为近期的事
Practice:
随堂练习：
1.There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of
inappropriate social relationships between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of
a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who
appear to be shamelessly gorging.
2.The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez’s immediate source:
the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian commedia dell’arte troupe on tour in Spain.
3.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and
thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors’ charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.
作业：
要求：划出下列句子成分，并翻译成中文。

（成分划分可做在书上，翻译请做成word并且最迟在下次课前一天上交。

）
《杨鹏长难句》：
1.难句自测：
no.1 no.4 no.8 no.10
2.GMAT难句详解：
001 002 006 007 016 019
020 021 022 025 030 031
036 038 040 042 044 047
049 050 052 059 067 068。