情态动词shall
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情态动词shall ,will ,should和would 在不同的句子中含有不同的意思,其基本用法如下:
一、shall
1. 表示说话者的意图、允许、警告、命令、决心等,用于陈述句的第二、第三人称中,有必须,应,可之意。例如:
1)You shall have that book tomorrow.
2) He shall be punished if he insists on doing that.
2,. 在问句中表示征求对方意见,主要用于第一、第三人称,有“…..好吗”,“要不要”等意思。例如“
1) Shall I fetch the hammer?
2) Shall those goods be sent over to you at once?
3) Shall we help you?
2. 用在表示意图、要求等的从句中,有“应该”,“要”之意,例如:
My demand is that is shall be done in time.
二、should
1.表示义务、责任、建议或劝告,有“应当、应该”的意思。例如:
1) You should learn from each other.
2) You shouldn’t be so careless.
3) He should have told me the news earlier.
(should + have + 过去分词)表示对过去本该做的事而没有做,其否定形式是对过去本不做的事而做了的固定句型。
2.与why ,who ,how等词连用,表示意外、惊异等,有“竟会”等意思。例如:
1) How should I know?
2) Why should you be so late today?
3.用于表示建议、命令、决定等的从句中,有“应该、必须”的意思。例如:
1) The young doctor proposed that he should try the experiment on himself.
2) It was decided that we should start a cleanup at once.
4。表示可能性、推测或推论,有“可能、该”等意思。例如:
They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.
5.用于虚拟语气句子中,有“万一、竟然、就、该”等意思。例如:
1) Should it rain tomorrow (或If it should rain tomorrow ) ,the meeting would be postponed.
2) If the book were in the library ,you should have it. (should 在句子里表说话人的意愿)
三、will
1.表示意志、意愿,有“愿、要”之意。例如:
1) We will fight on until final victory is won.
2) I will do my best to help you.
3) She will not shove the heavy load on to others.
2.在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意思,有“你…..好吗、你愿…..”。例如:
1) Will you help me with my work?
2) Will you join our discussion?
3.表示习惯、经常性、倾向性,有“惯于、总是”等意义。例如:
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
4.在if ,when ,until等连词引导的表示时间或条件的从句中要用一般时表将来,但在if 从句中有时为了表示意愿也可用will ,有“愿意”的意思。例如:
1) If you will read this article ,you will realize you are wrong.
2) If they won’t help us ,we can not finish the task within one month.
四、would
1.Will 的过去式,表示对过去时间的意志、意愿、决心,有“愿、要、偏要”的意思。例如:
1) I promised that I would do my best.
2) I told him not to go ,but he would not listen to me.
2.表示请求或个人的想法、看法,使语气婉转,有“愿、倒”等意思,例如:
1) Would you please take a seat?
2) Would you mind opening the window?
3) I would like to express my thanks to you.
3.表示过去习惯性的动作,着重动作的重复,有“总是、总会”等意思。例如:
On Sundays he would come to our village and work with us.
4.表示虚拟、假设、条件等,有“要、将要、会、就会”等意思。例如:
1) If you had come earlier ,you would have seen him.
2) It would be better to adopt the new method.
[示例]
考题1It is nearly seven ,Jack ____ be here at any moment. (NMET1995)
A. must
B. Need
C. Should
D. can
解析这是带与语境的句子,从第一句的句意,我们便可以了解到*第二句属推测句型,这样可排除选项B,在推测句型中否定句和疑问句中,故选C为正确,should 表示可能性的推测。
[训练]
单项选择填空:
1. ______read the letter for you?
A. would you like me
B. Do you want me
C. will you mind me
D. shall I
2. He promised he ____not make such silly mistakes.
A. would
B. Should
C. Will
D. shall
3. You are thirsty ,aren’t you? _____he get you some coffee?
A. will
B. Shall
C. Will
D. should
4. You say you ____not do it ,but I say you _____ do it.
A. will ;shall
B. Shall ;shall
C. Shall ;will
D. will ;will
5. ______your answer ,please? I didn’t quite catch you.
A. should you repeat
B. Are you doing to repeat
C. will you repeat
D. are you repeating
should 用法
should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富,因而一直是历年高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下:
1. should 作为助动词shall 的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如:
1) The group leader announced that we should(= would)begin to work soon.
小组长宣布:我们不久就开始工作。
2) A week ago, I told him that I should(= would)go to Beijing the next day.