研究生英语翻译 增词法

句法上的需要
• Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. • We don’t retreat, we never have and never will. • The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. • 仆人们愿意服侍她，就象他们愿意服侍他 们的女主人一样。
• Air is a mixture of gases. • 空气是多种气体的混合物 • Of visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength. • 在各种可见光中，红光的波长最长，紫光 的波长最短 • Things in the universe are changing all the time. • 宇宙中万物总是在不断变化的
增加名词
• In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. • 1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关 系 • The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area. • 政府正竭尽全力来缓和那个地区的紧张局势。 • After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. • 一切准备工作就绪后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山
• At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. • Any leak, even at this late date, could have tremendous international repercussions • 只要消息稍有泄漏，即使时至今日，也会 在国际上引起巨大反响
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• Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. • 他每天来干活－扫地，擦地板，收拾房间 • First you borrow, then you beg. • 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭
• A new kind of aircraft –small, cheap, pilotless-is attracting increasing attention. • 一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意－ 这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜， 无人驾驶。 • 汉语强调对称平衡 • 四平八稳、四通八达 • 七上八下、七零八落、乱七八糟
增加副词
• In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors together. • 在那时的电影里，总是老一套：男女拖拉 机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖 拉机了。
• Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
• 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取 教训更好。 • He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences. • 他了解到忠于肯尼迪的那些人在消极反对他，但 是如果他们公开反对，那就会产生可怕的后果。
• Testing is a complicated problem，so be careful. • 进行测试是一个复杂的问题，因此，得格 外仔细。
• There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them in the end. • 仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的 力量或人类造出的机器更伟大，而且最终 会控制它们。
• However, in spite of all this similarity between a voltmeter and an ammeter there are also important differences. • 可是，尽管伏特表和安培表之间有这些类 似之处，但还有若干重要的差别
增加数词／量词
• A bike, a dream, a tractor, a bad dream • Have a quarrel/a rest, make a stop ° • A simple beam is a beam freely supported at the ends • 简支梁是两端自由支架的梁 • Pictures taken from the space show the changes that both natural and human forces have brought about on the earth’s surface. • 在太空拍摄的照片展示出大自然和人类的力量使 地球表面发生的种种变化。
• Good performance demands students of great efforts • 学生要取得好成绩，必须作出巨大的努力 • They had been through it all at his side-the bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeat, • 他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的厮 杀，忍受过辛酸的失败
增加概括词
• The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages. • 美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了 信件。 • They talked about inflation, unemployment, and environment.
• The computations are so complicated that it would take one electronic computer several hours to work them out. • 这个计算过程如此复杂，就是用计算机也得花上 几个小时才能算完。 • Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedish. • 甚至连人口众多的美国和英国之类的国家也在认 真考虑仿效瑞典的这种做法。
• The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects • 电流的主要效应有磁效应、热效应和化学 效应三种 • The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related. • 声音的频率、波长与速度三者密切相关
增加概括词／助词
• The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites, and rockets. • 论文总结了计算机、人造卫星、火箭三方 面的成就。 • “方面”、“方式”、“问题”、“情况” 之类的范畴词，在汉语可以使句子流畅。 汉译英时，可以不译
Translation methods for words
增词法(amplification)
意义上的需要
• 增加动词 • In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. • 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓 球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报
百度文库
• Floatation applies to iron as well as to wood. • 浮力作用既适用于木头，也适用于钢铁 • Saturation occurs when the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in the solvent. • 当最大量的溶质溶解在溶液中时，就发生 饱和现象
• When you turn a switch, you can easily operate lighting，heating or power-driven electrical devices. • 旋动开关，就能轻而易举地启动照明装置、 供热装置和电动装置。
增加数词／量词
• The lion is the king of animals • 狮是百兽之王 • The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men • 连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒 吼。 • A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
• Jupiter generates more heat than it receives from the sun. • 木星发出的热量比它从太阳那里得到的热 量多。
• Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t. • 使用贴有“可用于微波炉烹调”标志的塑 料碗也许比使用没有贴这种标志的塑料碗 更安全 • The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest • 最好的导体电阻最小,最差的导体电阻最大
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Persuasion, 说服工作 arrogance，自满情绪 antagonism 敌对态度 Madness 疯狂行为 backwardness, 落后状态 Transmission 传输方式 fission 裂变现象
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Her failure resulted from her jealousy. 她的失败是由她的嫉妒心理造成的。 We were all deeply moved by his braverity 我们都被他的英雄气概所打动 His modesty wins him support from others 他的谦虚态度赢得了别人的支持 The house is filled with tense. 房间里充满了紧张气氛