2020下半年公共英语四级模拟试题：阅读
2020下半年PETS4模拟题：阅读
2020下半年PETS4模拟题：阅读2020下半年PETS4模拟题：阅读Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of thearchipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposedto the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of itsother ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of thestate's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment andtheir life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degreeof autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state --as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters suchas education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a newnation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given upits claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaii's native minority refers to _________________.A. Hawaii's ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii's first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the US参考答案：CDABD。
2020年9月英语四级模拟题及答案解析(四)
2020年9月英语四级模拟题及答案解析（四）2020年9月四级考试在即，松鼠哥今天为大家整理了2020年9月英语四级阅读理解模拟题及答案解析。
同学们在做完试题后，一定要认真对答案并找出自己做错的原因。
大家加油呀，冲冲冲！祝大家都能高分通过考试！According to the dictionary definition of “create”, ordinary people are creative every day. To create means “to bring into being, to cause to exist”—something each of us does daily.We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sese to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things.I f we believe the expressi on, “There is nothing new under the sun,” the creativ ity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to cr eate an unusual photograph.A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our newide as, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.26.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to t he passage?A.To prepare a meal.B.To arrange the furniture in a peculiar way.C.To buy some books from a bookstore.D.To “write”a letter with the computer.27.The author holds that ____.A.creativity is of highly demandB.creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extentC.creativity is to create something new and concreteD.to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one’s creativity28.“There is nothing new u nder the sun.” (Par.3) really implies that ____.A.we can seldom create new thingsB.a new thing is only a taleC.a new thing can only be created at the basis of original thingsD.we can scarcely see really new things in the world29.What does the author think about the relationship between a new though t and its being put into practice?A.It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.B.To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.C.One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.D.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.30.The best title for this passage is ____.A.How to Cultivate One’s CreativityB.What is CreativityC.The Importance of CreativityD.Creativity—a Not Farway Thing参考答案：26.答案C。
2020年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（9）
2020年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（9）2020年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（9）Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions： There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problemas part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all thestarving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to himB) feels he ma y not have “read” his frien ds' true feelings correctlyC) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friendD) is sorry that his friends let him down22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.A) is just being friendlyB) expresses th e same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.”or“You ' re a lucky gal.”C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to peopleD) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyeB) to listen to how he pronounces his wordsC) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his postureD) not to believe what he says24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would____.A) weigh carefully what people say to determine theirreal meaningB) get along well with peopleC) trust what other people sayD) have no doubts about our friends25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.A) avoid mistakes about both money and peopleB) say things elegantlyC) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell youD) keep people friendly without trusting themQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, yourbrain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.26.The stages of sleep take on ____.A) an irregular aspect. B) a regular aspect C) a punctual aspect D) a similar aspect27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.A) about 80 minutesB) about 4060 minutesC) about 30 munutesD) about 2040 minutes28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.A) stage 1 C) stage 4 B) stage 2 and stage 3 D) REM sleep29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop movingD) gaze30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutesB) you have the deepest sleepC) there are no brain wavesD) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little activeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a seriesof moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Althoughthis article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player： the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, inspite of the fact that 19thcentury craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today'slenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled：it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are knownB) perfect solutions to a problem can be foundC) any one decision at any point along the way to thegoal can bring numerous possible resultsD) both A and C32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____.A) to trap the opponent's lensesB) to focus light with lensesC) to handmake lenses at low costD) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.A) the principles of designing lensesB) techniques of making contact lensesC) the design of photographic lensesD) styles of lenses34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. D) Unpopular.35.Lens designers today ____.A) have a large source of help to fall back on B) receive a lowsalaryC) are less respectable than those of the past D) are not decisive in the lens designQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point isreflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ：The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as tocover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapteris no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.36.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.A) a technical writing handbook B) a handbook on composition C) a book on a literary writing D) a scientific paper37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal ReportsB) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—MechanicsC) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special ProblemsD) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.A) the chapter on Organization B) the chapter on StyleC) the chapter on Special Problems D) the chapter on Proposals39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition B) Part Ⅱ of the second editionC) Part Ⅰ of the second edition D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the newedition?A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.____ allow the vegetable to go bad, he sold them athalf price.A) More than B) Rather than C) Other than D) Better than42.Today, housework has been made much easier byelectrical ____.A) facilitiesB) appliances C) instruments D) equipment43.He ____ him what he asked.A) denied B) refuted C) ignored D) deprived44.The book does not ____ children.A) submit to B) appeal to C) confess to D) consent to45.We have every size of shoe in ____.A) storing B) stock C) sale D) shop46.I ____ this man with receiving stolen goods.A) accuse B) charge C) scold D) blame47.You've made a mistake—you've ____ the word.A) left out B) left off C) left behind D) left for48.Scientists first ____ the idea of the atomic bomb inthe 1930s.A) competed B) conceived C) consumed D) concealed49.You may take an oral or written exam ____ what you prefer.A) according as B) according to C) accordingly D) in accord50.The desks and seats can be ____ to the height of any child.A) adopted B) shifted C) adjusted D) corrected51.No further discussion ____ , the meeting was brought to a close.A) arising B) raising C) arousing D) rising52. ____ , the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago.A) By and large B) In detail C) By no means D) By and by53.Every man has the right to live where he wants to,____ the colour of his skin.A) regardless of B) prior to C) in case of D) for the sake of54.The potato crop of 1946 was ____ that of 1945.A) superior than B) superior to C) more superior to D) more superior than55.Books are ____ to scholars.A) indispensable B) indifferent C) bound to D) accustomed to56. ____ such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.A) T o face with B) We are facing C) Faced with D) Facing with57.Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.A) were B) are C) is D) have been58.Your hair needed ____ I am glad you had it cut.A) cut B) cutting C) to cut D) being cut59.Studying hard is more rewarding ____.A) than to be lazy B) than being lazy C) than to be like a lazy person D) than it is to be lazy60.The Latin class had twenty students, ____ had had muchbetter language training than I.A) most of which B) which C) most of them D) most of whom61.I wish that he ____ to the movies with me yesterday.A) went B) could go C) was gone D) could have gone62. ____ , the more necessary it is to break it up into a number of parts which the reader can visualize.A) The more complex a subject becomes B) The more becomes a subject complex C) A subject becomes the more complex D) The more subjects become essential63.Close the door, ____ ? A) will you B) do you C) shall you D) don't you64. ____ at the railway station when it began to rain.A) Hardly had he arrived B) Hardly he had arrived C) No sooner did he arrive D) No sooner arrived he65.The storm ____ , they had to live in a cave.A) has destroyed their hut B) to destroy their hut C) having destroyed their hut D) being destroyed66. ____ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.A) Compared with B) Compared C) Comparing with D) Comparing67.It was going to be some time ____ he would see his father again.A) since B) when C) until D) before68.He is younger than ____.A) any other boy in the classB) any boy in the classC) all boys in the classD) you and me as well as the class69.The establishment of the company shall start from the day ____the business license of the company is issued.A) which B) on which C) in which D) whenever70.You ____ me because I didn't say that.A) must misunderstand B) must be misunderstanding C) must have misunderstood D) had to misunderstandPart Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes) Directions：In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension ofthe Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase againslightly.(Passage 2, Para.2, the First Sentence)72. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent (透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces.(Passage 3, Para.1, the Third Sentence)73. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite.(Passage 3, Para.1,the Fifth Sentence)74. We have also expanded the treatment of technicalarticles —recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of thearticle to science and technology.(Passage 4,Para.2,the Last Sentence)75.Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.(Passage 4,Para.4,the Last Sentence) Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Layoffs(下岗) in Stateowned Enterprises”. The first senten ce is given to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should be included in your composition. You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet.Layoffs in Stateowned Enterprises1. 下岗是改革的需要;2. 下岗会带来的问题;3. 如何对待下岗所带来的问题;答案Part Ⅱ1ざ涛拇笠猹本文与我们日常生活关系十分密切。
2020年7月英语四级阅读理解模拟真题：写作
2020年7月英语四级阅读理解模拟真题：写作由于疫情影响，四六级考试官宣推迟。
各位小伙伴记得抓紧时间备考四六级考试哦，松鼠哥建议各位同学考前多做模考，熟悉考试流程，同时在考场上不会太紧张。
今天松鼠哥为大家带来四级阅读模拟题。
一起来练习吧！2020年7月英语四级阅读理解模拟真题：写作Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the opposite, just as the cook has to undergo a particular training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at hisdesk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose is—schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication.You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.There are still some faraway places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for money. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the serviceofthat rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to papers. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put intomails or delivered by hand, but the daily figures must be extremely large. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes whatever he writes will be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “letters-to-be-read” files or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1. In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food in that _______.A. both writers and cooks have to work a long time every dayB. both are essential to lifeC. both are writers and cooks can earn a good livingD. both are enjoyable2. A public "scribe" (Para 2, Line 1) is _____.A.a secretary who does your business or social writingB. a machine that does writing for youC. a public school where writing is taughtD. a person who ears a living by writing for others3. According to the passage, some managers don't have to do any letter writing because _____.A. they rely on quick notes C. they have a computer to do itB. they have excellent secretaries D. they prefer making phone calls4. According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some "letter-to-be-read" file, ______.A. it will receive immediate attentionB. it will be dealt with by the secretaryC. it is likely to be neglectedD. it is meant to be delivered soon5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.A. to explain and persuadeB. to comment and criticizeC. to interest and entertainD. to argue and demonstrate1.[D] 文章首句提到，如同美味的食物,我们可以从好的作品中获得乐趣和享受，D与之相符，故为答案。
2020年9月英语四级模拟题及答案解析(二)
2020年9月英语四级模拟题及答案解析（二）2020年9月四级考试在即，松鼠哥今天为大家整理了2020年9月英语四级阅读理解和写作的模拟题及答案解析。
同学们在做完试题后，一定要认真对答案并找出自己做错的原因。
大家加油呀，冲冲冲！祝大家都能高分通过考试！Part ⅢReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a second,if they were controlled by clock.The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.The signals were coming from a very small body—no bigger,perhaps than the earth.Wasthat why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star? There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to the newspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radio signals.And they have told the story,of course.The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons.Their light—if they give much light—is too small for us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.21. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.A.were regularB.were controlled by a clockC.were heard in 1967 onlyD.were secret messages22. The radio singals were sent by____.A.a satelliteB.a planetC.a sky body which was unknown at that timeD.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.A.the singals stood for secret messagesB.people would ask them too many questionsC.they did not want to frighten peopleD.they stood for unimportant messages24. A pulsar is____.A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenB. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenC. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenD. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen25. Which of the following is true?A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.C.Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.D.Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967. rn life and ancient life.27. “one out of seven”refers to____.A.more than a third of the lands' earthB.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-likeC.the number of people who live in dry regionsD.a day of a week28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”They refers to____.A.the Sahel farm landB.the farmersC.the cattlesD.the trees29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?A.Five.B.Two.C.Four.D.Three.30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.D.New water wells can solve the problem in Africa's desert.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, orfight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.31. News spreads fast because of____.A.modern transportationB.new technologyC.the change of the worldD.a peace agreement32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.A.fast communicationB.modern technologytest newsD.new ideas33. Which of the following statements is true?A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.B.The world is actually smaller today.C.The world is changing its size.D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 181234. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.A.by telephone and telegraphB.by landC.by airD.by sea35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.A.by both sidesB.in timeC.in AmericaD.in EnglandQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eatwhatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.A.personal health choices help cure most illnessesB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could head to poor health37. To “live a completely sedentary life style”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”A.to live an inactive lifeB.to live a decent lifeC.to live a life with complete freedomD.to live a life of vice38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevityD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.A.improving the quality of one's lifeB.limiting one's personal health choiceC.deliberately ending one's lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.A.personal decisionsws of societyC.statistical evidenceD.opinions of friendsPart ⅤWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title ON Friendship.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.Remember to write your composition neatly.You should also base your composition on the outline below.1.The need for friends2.True friendship3.My principle in making friends答案1短文大意1967年人类收到了一些太空信号。
2020年9月公共英语四级阅读模拟试题
2020年9月公共英语四级阅读模拟试题2020年9月公共英语四级阅读模拟试题Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of thearchipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposedto the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of itsother ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of thestate's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment andtheir life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degreeof autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state --as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters suchas education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a newnation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given upits claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaii's native minority refers to _________________.A. Hawaii's ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii's first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the US参考答案：CDABD。
2020公共英语四级模拟试题：阅读
2020公共英语四级模拟试题：阅读2020公共英语四级模拟试题：阅读If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with theirpoint of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all sharedthe same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and isbeing shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Whois that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that's God," came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences andproblems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about theinedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad tastein ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.41. To make your humor work, you should__________[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience.[B] make fun of the disorganized people.[C] address different problems to different people.[D] show sympathy for your listeners.42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ___________[A] impolite to new arrivals.[B] very conscious of their godlike role.[C] entitled to some privileges.[D] very busy even during lunch hours.43. It can be inferred from the text that public services __________[A] have benefited many people.[B] are the focus of public attention.[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor.[D] have often been the laughing stock.44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered _________[A] in well-worded language.[B] as awkwardly as possible.[C] in exaggerated statements.[D] as casually as possible.45. The best title for the text may be__________[A] Use Humor Effectively.[B] Various Kinds of Humor.[C] Add Humor to Speech.[D] Different Humor Strategies.参考答案CBDDA。
2020年英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案(卷三)
2020年英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案（卷三）Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality，but when it comes to mycollege education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course,any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department，famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that‘s not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts(文科)university that doesn‘t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career.I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science orengineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my18 years,and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories”where they didn‘t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist(人文学者)all in one.Now I‘m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble idealscrashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses,I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile(协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.试题：Choose correct answers to the question:1. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he ________.A. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanistB. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationalityC. intended to be a sensible student with noble idealsD. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college2. According to the author，by interacting with people who study liberal arts，engineering students can ________.A. broaden their horizonsB. become noble idealistsC. receive guidance in their careersD. balance engineering and the liberal arts3. In the eyes of the author，a successful engineering student is expected ________.A. to be imaginative with a value system to guide himB. to be a technical genius with a wide visionC. to have an excellent academic recordD. to be wise and mature4. The author‘s experience shows that he was ________.A. creativeB. irrationalC. ambitiousD. Unrealistic5. The word“they”in“together they threaten to confuse.”(Line 3，Para. 5) refers to ________.A. practicality and rationalityB. engineering and the liberal artsC. reality and noble idealsD. flexibility and a value system1.[C] 事实细节题。
2020年英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案(卷二)
2020年英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案（卷二）Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation (回声定位) in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly practical role.To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyoneknows that if he shouts near a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstacle, the longer time it will take for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the main body of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps andthe receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding equipment, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step fromlocating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved equipment, it is now possible not only to locate fish but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks (吱吱声) and by receiving 'he echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echolocation in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.试题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. describe that animals can make different soundsB. prove that animals' voices can play practical rolesC. inspire the readers to make more inventionsD. startle the readers with some shocking facts2. The discovery of echolocation may help with all of the following EXCEPTA. measuring the depth of the seaB. distinguishing different kinds of fishC. improving the functions of radarD. varying the size and nature of an object3. By saying "A shoal of fish will do this"(Lines 6-7, Para. 2), the author means ________.A. only one special kind of fish can reflect soundsB. only one special kind of fish can be used to help locate a shipC. a large group of fish can reflect soundsD. a large group of fish can be used to help locate a ship4. As it is discussed in the passage, the squeaks of bats can be functionally compared with ________.A. human languagesB. a mountainsideC. a shoal of fishD. taps on a ship5. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. Animals are more intelligent than humans.B. Humans are more intelligent than animals.C. Animals are often compared with human inventions.D. Humans are often inspired by animals.1.[B] 主旨大意题。
2020年公共英语考试四级模拟试题(4).doc
2020 年公共英语考试四级模拟试题（ 4 ）Section III Reading Comprehension(45 points)阅读理解Text 1No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tellthe world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole.The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There arethose who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a senseof identification with a large, more important concept. Whatcould be more important than the individual oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttonsto inspire its members, that organization has no right tocontinue its existence.Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition ina matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot affordgood-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? Itis only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the sameclothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have thesame type of house, eat the same type of food. Whenthis happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their childrencould have a better life than they had when they know thattheir children are going to be forced to have exactly thesame life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy.Right now, billions of dollars are spent on thefashion industry yearly.Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating,and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone wereforced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would beunnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well ： why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearingof uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turnwould have a ripple effect on such industries as advertisingand promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines,and television would not be able to remain in business. Ourentire information and entertainment industries would founder.41、The author ’s viewpoint on uniforms can best bedescribed as __________.A.practicalB.hystericalC.radicalD.critical42、Judged from its style, this passage might be found in__________.A. a children’s comics bookB. an editorial in a paperC. a sociology textbookD. a political platform43、It can be inferred that the author believes that__________.A. individuals have no self-worth when they becomepart of an organizationB. individuals are more important than organizationsC. individuals are not so important as organizationsD. individuals are the same important as organizations44、The author brings in the example of a parent strivingto make life better for his children to make the point that__________.A. parents have responsibilities for their childrenB. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for childrenC. uniforms cause dissension between parents and childrenD. individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms( 本题分值： 1.5 分) 【准确答案】 D45、The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.A.collapseB.shrinkC.disappearD.establish阅读 (2)公共英语 PETS四级考试由笔试和口试组成。
2020年12月英语四级模拟试题：阅读
2020年12月英语四级模拟试题：阅读2020年12月英语四级模拟试题：阅读Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this secaon．Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each ofthem there arefour choices marked A.，B.，C.andD.．You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．Passage OneQuesaons 56 to60 are based on thefollowingpassage．When it comes to noise cancelling headphones，sometimes the best offense is a good defense．While there are plenty of active noise cancelling headphones that use a complex(and pricey)method to block distracting sounds，there are simpler ways．How about headphones with a snug fit that simply plug up your ear canals?This process is called passive isolation．It’s not uncommon for a consumer faced with the choice between the descriptors“passive”and“active”to choose the stronger-sounding technology,but great passive isolation can be just as effective and cost a lot less．The AKG K323 XS headphones($59 MSRP)are just such a pair．Sleek and portable，they produce a huge sound marked with prominent bass，supportive mids，and very healthy highs．They’re also the best passive isolators thatwe’ve tested in a long time．Like most in-ears，the XS headphones are quite small and simply designed，available in white，blue，orange．yellow,green—the list goes on．The Android version packs a one-button universal remote，and there’s also a three．button version for iOS．The XS’s teeny form factor,featherweight frame，and smalI carry case are additional on．the．go perks(特权享受)．The cable is simple，but of decent quality,It’s shorter than most cords—just 3．5 feet—which may or may not be desirable depending on how you use them．Ears come in all different shapes．and so do the speaker covers．AKG includes four different options：extra small，small，medium，and large．In the audio test labs．these AKGs proved to be a straight．A student．Thanks to moderate bass notes and very prominent middle and high notes，music sounds both full and balanced．From classical，to jazz，to hip hop，every genre benefits from this even-handed sound quality．Listeners will enjoy big，thumping bass that doesn’t obscure subtler insmunents like violin and piano．These tiny in．ears aced distortion tests，to—you won’t find one drop of unwanted or distorted sound．The K323 XS really shines．even in a crowded market．It’s hard to pick which glowing attribute to praise first：The massive，well．balanced sound stage?The distortion．free listening experience?The$59 price tag?The monster isolation?The tiny,portable design?These AKGs are simply aces(王牌)，and online sale prices of around$40 kick everything up another notch(等级)．56．What can you learn from the first two paragraphs?A.All active isolators are technically complex．B.Consumers are more likely to choose active isolators．C. Passive isolation isn’t as effective as the active one．D.Consumers prefer those low-priced passive isolators．57．What are the extra perks of XS?A. The tiny shape。
2020下半年英语四级模拟题及答案：仔细阅读
2020下半年英语四级模拟题及答案：仔细阅读2020下半年英语四级模拟题及答案：仔细阅读Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes inthe world's environment. Remote from major sources ofpollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect theirconcern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two verydifferent regions. The part of the continent to the "east" of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheetnearly two miles thick. "West" of the mountain, the half ofthe continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to asparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious "dry valley"of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dryvalleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1. What is the best title for this passage?[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.[B] Antarctica： Earth's Early-Warning station.[C] Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post.[D] Antarctica： a Mysterious Place.2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.[B] It rarely snows.[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.[D] Sand dunes.4. Which of the following is true?[A] The "Dry Valleys" have nothing left inside.[B] The "Dry Valleys" never held glaciers.[C] The "Dry Valleys" may carry a message of hope for the verdant.[D] The "Dry Valleys" are useless to scientists.参考答案：1. A2. D3. C4. C更多推荐：。
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2020下半年公共英语四级模拟试题：阅读2020下半年公共英语四级模拟试题：阅读
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables： language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the
cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality： patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These
principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B. is different from the model of McDonald’s
C. shows the reverse of globalization
D. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought .
A. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D. Both A and B
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international companies .
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B. all have the quality of patience
C. will follow the overseas local cultures
D. adopt the policy of internationalization
Vocabulary
1. dynamic adj. 动态的
2. variable n. 变量
3. aesthetics n. 美学
4. factual adj. 事实的。