新编金融英语教程 Chapter12 Commercial Banks
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introduce the working mechanism in which a commercial bank creates money and makes money. Finally, it will introduce the regulations of commercial banks in the USA.
Corporation
Federal Reserve System
Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency
State Authorities
12.3 Language Notes
I. Woห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ds
charter [ˈtʃɑ:tə(r)] 特许权
retail [ˈri:teɪl] 零售
12.2 Key Points
12.2.3 Working Mechanism of Commercial Banks
In a fractional reserve banking system, commercial banks are permitted to create money by allowing multiple claims to assets on deposit. Banks create credit that did not previously exist when they make loans. This is sometimes called the money multiplier effect. There is a limit to the amount of credit lending institutions can create this way. Banks are legally required to keep a certain minimum percentage of all deposit claims as liquid cash. This is called the reserve ratio.
liquidator [ˈlɪkwɪdeɪtə(r)] 清算者
spread [spred] 价差
receiver [rɪˈsi:və(r)] 接收者
redemption [rɪˈdempʃn] 赎回
regulate [ˈregjuleɪt] 监管
12.3 Language Notes
II. Phrases
12.2 Key Points
12.2.1 Definition of Commercial Banks
Commercial banks are financial institutions, which aim at making profits, raising funds with various financial liabilities, dealing with various financial assets, and providing credit services. General commercial banks do not have the right to issue currency.
12.3 Language Notes
III. Sentences
1. However, as efforts were made to eliminate the barriers to regional competition and expansion in the banking industry in the early and mid-2000s, the largest banks generally raised their return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) relative to small banks.
claim [kleɪm] 请求权
evenue [ˈrevənju:] 收入
equity [ˈekwəti] 权益
vault [vɔ:lt] 保险库
exponentially 指数地
wholesale [ˈhəʊlseɪl] 批发
fractional [ˈfrækʃənl] 部分的
liquid [ˈlɪkwɪd] 流动的
( ) 1. business formation ( ) 2. commercial banks ( ) 3. deposit interest ( ) 4. national bank ( ) 5. investment institutions ( ) 6. nationally chartered ( ) 7. loan interest ( ) 8. merger applications ( ) 9. regional bank ( ) 10. state-chartered
12.3 Language Notes
III. Sentences
4. The amount of money earned by a commercial bank is determined by the spread between the interest it pays on deposits and the interest it earns on loans, which is known as net interest income.
12.2 Key Points
12.2.2 Size, Structure and Composition of the Banking Industry
Small banks are often focused on the retail side of the business — making loans to consumers and small companies or accepting deposits from them. By contrast, large banks, which are engaged in both retail and wholesale businesses, are often concentrated on the wholesale side of the business.
2. In addition, when an insured bank is closed, the FDIC acts as the receiver and liquidator, although the closure decision itself is technically made by the bank’s chartering or licensing agency.
• parent holding companies • reserve ratio • return on asset (ROA) • return on equity (ROE) • savings accounts • savings institutions • state-chartered • supervisory authorities • US Treasury nit of account计量单位
12.2 Key Points
12.2.4 Regulations in the U.S.A.
U.S. banks may be subject to the supervision and regulations of four separate regulators.
Federal Deposit Insurance
Chapter 12
Commercial Banks
CONTENTS
12.1 L e a d - i n 12.2 K e y Po i n t s 12.3 L a n g u a g e N o t e s 12.4 F o l l o w - u p Ta s k s 12.5 E x t e n d e d Ta s k s
• financial institution • financial liabilities • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • Federal Reserve System (FRS) • fractional reserve • insurance premiums • issue currency • letters of credit • loan commitments nit of account计量单位
A. 国家银行 B. 地方银行 C. 州政府监管的 D. 并购申请 E. 商业结构 F. 商业银行 G. 存款利息 H. 贷款利息 I. 国家监管的 J. 投资机构
3. When too many depositors demand redemption of their cash titles, a bank run occurs. This is precisely what happened during the bank panic of 1907 and in the 1930s.
12.4 Follow-up Tasks
I. Matching
Directions: Match the English words and phrases in the left column with the proper Chinese equivalents in the right column.
• attract deposits • bank run • bills discounting • certificates of deposit (CDs) • checking account • commercial banking • core capital • credit unions • derivative securities • equity capital • financial assets
In addition, large banks tend to pay higher salaries and invest more in buildings and premises than small banks do. They also tend to diversify their business and services resulting in more non-interest incomes.
12.1Lead-in
This chapter will first of all examine various aspects of commercial banks, including their definition, scale, structure, and composition. Then it will
5. Because the holding company’s management can influence decisions made by its subsidiary bank and it will affect its risk exposure, the FRS regulates and examines bank holding companies as well as the banks themselves.
12.3 Language Notes
II. Phrases
• make loans • middle business • money multiplier effect • mortgage loans • mutual funds • net interest income • non-interest incomes • off-balance-sheet assets • origination fee
Corporation
Federal Reserve System
Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency
State Authorities
12.3 Language Notes
I. Woห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ds
charter [ˈtʃɑ:tə(r)] 特许权
retail [ˈri:teɪl] 零售
12.2 Key Points
12.2.3 Working Mechanism of Commercial Banks
In a fractional reserve banking system, commercial banks are permitted to create money by allowing multiple claims to assets on deposit. Banks create credit that did not previously exist when they make loans. This is sometimes called the money multiplier effect. There is a limit to the amount of credit lending institutions can create this way. Banks are legally required to keep a certain minimum percentage of all deposit claims as liquid cash. This is called the reserve ratio.
liquidator [ˈlɪkwɪdeɪtə(r)] 清算者
spread [spred] 价差
receiver [rɪˈsi:və(r)] 接收者
redemption [rɪˈdempʃn] 赎回
regulate [ˈregjuleɪt] 监管
12.3 Language Notes
II. Phrases
12.2 Key Points
12.2.1 Definition of Commercial Banks
Commercial banks are financial institutions, which aim at making profits, raising funds with various financial liabilities, dealing with various financial assets, and providing credit services. General commercial banks do not have the right to issue currency.
12.3 Language Notes
III. Sentences
1. However, as efforts were made to eliminate the barriers to regional competition and expansion in the banking industry in the early and mid-2000s, the largest banks generally raised their return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) relative to small banks.
claim [kleɪm] 请求权
evenue [ˈrevənju:] 收入
equity [ˈekwəti] 权益
vault [vɔ:lt] 保险库
exponentially 指数地
wholesale [ˈhəʊlseɪl] 批发
fractional [ˈfrækʃənl] 部分的
liquid [ˈlɪkwɪd] 流动的
( ) 1. business formation ( ) 2. commercial banks ( ) 3. deposit interest ( ) 4. national bank ( ) 5. investment institutions ( ) 6. nationally chartered ( ) 7. loan interest ( ) 8. merger applications ( ) 9. regional bank ( ) 10. state-chartered
12.3 Language Notes
III. Sentences
4. The amount of money earned by a commercial bank is determined by the spread between the interest it pays on deposits and the interest it earns on loans, which is known as net interest income.
12.2 Key Points
12.2.2 Size, Structure and Composition of the Banking Industry
Small banks are often focused on the retail side of the business — making loans to consumers and small companies or accepting deposits from them. By contrast, large banks, which are engaged in both retail and wholesale businesses, are often concentrated on the wholesale side of the business.
2. In addition, when an insured bank is closed, the FDIC acts as the receiver and liquidator, although the closure decision itself is technically made by the bank’s chartering or licensing agency.
• parent holding companies • reserve ratio • return on asset (ROA) • return on equity (ROE) • savings accounts • savings institutions • state-chartered • supervisory authorities • US Treasury nit of account计量单位
12.2 Key Points
12.2.4 Regulations in the U.S.A.
U.S. banks may be subject to the supervision and regulations of four separate regulators.
Federal Deposit Insurance
Chapter 12
Commercial Banks
CONTENTS
12.1 L e a d - i n 12.2 K e y Po i n t s 12.3 L a n g u a g e N o t e s 12.4 F o l l o w - u p Ta s k s 12.5 E x t e n d e d Ta s k s
• financial institution • financial liabilities • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • Federal Reserve System (FRS) • fractional reserve • insurance premiums • issue currency • letters of credit • loan commitments nit of account计量单位
A. 国家银行 B. 地方银行 C. 州政府监管的 D. 并购申请 E. 商业结构 F. 商业银行 G. 存款利息 H. 贷款利息 I. 国家监管的 J. 投资机构
3. When too many depositors demand redemption of their cash titles, a bank run occurs. This is precisely what happened during the bank panic of 1907 and in the 1930s.
12.4 Follow-up Tasks
I. Matching
Directions: Match the English words and phrases in the left column with the proper Chinese equivalents in the right column.
• attract deposits • bank run • bills discounting • certificates of deposit (CDs) • checking account • commercial banking • core capital • credit unions • derivative securities • equity capital • financial assets
In addition, large banks tend to pay higher salaries and invest more in buildings and premises than small banks do. They also tend to diversify their business and services resulting in more non-interest incomes.
12.1Lead-in
This chapter will first of all examine various aspects of commercial banks, including their definition, scale, structure, and composition. Then it will
5. Because the holding company’s management can influence decisions made by its subsidiary bank and it will affect its risk exposure, the FRS regulates and examines bank holding companies as well as the banks themselves.
12.3 Language Notes
II. Phrases
• make loans • middle business • money multiplier effect • mortgage loans • mutual funds • net interest income • non-interest incomes • off-balance-sheet assets • origination fee