中国文化概况名词解释

中国文化概况名词解释

By Juewei

SAR=special administrative regions

Was established specially designed for solving Hong Kong and Macao issues based on the concept of “One country, two systems”SAR is in a pattern with which two completely different social systems and ideologies can coexist. SAR has more autonomous power regulated clearly by laws, including executive, legislative and independent judicial power.

Family planning policy

Since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has been implementing a policy of family planning, to control the population increase. Improve population quality, promote the development of the economy and society, and protect the environment. The family planning policy has seen remarkable achievements.

Campaign of”banning all schools of thought except C onfucianism”

In the Han dynasty, Emperor Wudi instituted the campaign. He ruled out various schools of thought and chose officials from those who were steeped in Confucianism only. Consequently, Confucianism became an orthodox school that served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule throughout the dynasties in china.

The three obedience and four virtues.

These were the old moral standards imposed upon women in feudal society. The traditional ideal of a woman is that she is a dependent being whose behavior is governed by “three obedience”(to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after becoming a widow) and “four virtues”(morality, proper speech, modest manner, and diligence.

A hundred schools of thought contend

The Spring and Autumn and the Warring State Periods (770-221BC) were a time of great social change, stimulating various schools of thought, such as Confucianism, Legalism, Taoism and Monism. And scholars wrote, lectured and debated vigorously, creating a lively academic environment later described as “a hundred schools of thought contend.”

The Foolish Man Moving Mountain

An ancient Chinese fable known to every household in china. The story tells of an old man who led the whole family in dragging away the big mountains obstructing the path. He said they would definitely be removed by the continuous efforts of his descendants. The story encourages people to do things with perseverance and to defy difficulties.

Shad ow play

Is one of the most ancient genres of drama in China. It came into being in the Han Dynasty, having more than 2000 years history. The performance manipulates colorful leather or cardboard figures whose silhouettes are reflected on a careen by lantern light. The silhouettes are seen to perform behind on the screen while the real performers operate the silhouettes sing to the accompaniment of music behind the scene.

Paper making process

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a court official named Cai Lun(cheap, light, thin, durable, for brush written, more suitable, use inexpensive materials such as bank, hemp, rags, fishnet, wheat, stalks and other materials to make paper, known as Cai Lun paper. The materials were soaked, cut into pieces, boiled with plant ash, washed, and ground with a pestle in a mortar. The mixture was then poured evenly on a flat surface to dry, or baked to become paper)

Chinese people’s food choice

China is a vast country with diverse climates, customs, products, and habits.

Favored dishes vary from region to region. People in coastal areas prefer seafood arid aquatic(水产的)products, whereas those in central and northwest China eat more domestic animals and poultry. Foods vary from north to south. Tastes also differ regionally because of the climatic differences. One popular summary of