世纪商务英语外贸英语第二版课后翻译术语填空的答案解读共66页
《世纪商务英语外贸函电》（第二版）翻译题
《世纪商务英语外贸函电》（第二版）翻译题世纪商务英语外贸函电（第二版）Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations第二章建立业务关系Part Five Practical TrainingTranslate the following English into Chinese.P381.商务参赞处2.行会3.业务范围4.本着做…的意愿；以…为目的5.随函附寄6.一系列7.在你处/地8.务请告知9.我们期待收到贵方即时的好消息。
10.承蒙东京商会的推荐，我们高兴地得知贵公司的名称。
11.承蒙布什先生介绍，我们得知贵公司是当地主要的电子产品进口商之一，且希望与我们建立业务关系。
12.我们借此机会致函贵公司，希望建立业务关系。
13.本公司是以经营进出口业务以及从事与对外贸易有关的活动为宗旨建立的。
14.我们预料贵方产品在我方市场有着广阔的前景。
我们保证随时给予贵方密切合作，盼速复。
15.本公司专营垫子产品出口业务，产品行销世界各地。
Intermediate Training1. Translate the following Chinese into English.P401.establish business relations; enter into business relations;establish business connections; enter into business connections2.specialize in…; engage in…; handle…; deal in…3.We would appreciate it/be grateful if you would…4.for your information/reference(only)5.enclude/close the business/transaction/deal/doc/6213070435.html,pany/cprporat ion/firm/house7.as requested/do sth. upon sb’s request8.We are a state-operated corporation specializing in the export of table-cloths. We are willing to establish business relationship with you9.We write to introduce ourselves as exporters of fresh water pearls having many years’experience in this particular line of business.10.We take the liberty of writing to you with a view to doing business with you.11. Your letter expressing the hope of establishing business connections with us has been received with thanks.12. We are now writing you for the opportunity of developing trade between us.13. We have your name and address from The Journal of Commerce14. A booklet including a general introduction, the scope of business and other topics is enclosed for your reference.15. Courtesy of the Harvey Company introduction, we understand that your company in the supply of quality food around the world. Am pleased to inform you in our country is in great demand for various foreign foods.Unit 4 Inquiry第四章询盘Translate the following English into Chinese.P70(1) 带有图片说明的目录表(2) 交货期(3) 特别折扣(4) 市场需求/品位/偏好(5) 最新价目表(6) 有前景的市场(7) 大量购买(8) 有存货的(9) 我方一客户想买123型货物，希望贵方寄一样品和报价单来。
世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案
Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreignexchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific dutyb. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案解析
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment.Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The selleris not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller.Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt?What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goodswere ready on 10 March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vesseldid not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
世纪商务英语答案
Unite 1IV. Keys to TasksB. Let’s Try1．C Clue: 首先，第一句话表明说话人对于后面发生的事感到非常惊讶。
从第二句话中，我们明白了“当我们正在谈话时，彼得很唐突地（abruptly）转身离开了房间”，这就是说话人为什么感到吃惊的原因。
选项中最接近这个意思的应该是C项。
2．D Clue: 通过后面句子中的解释“because we have so many apples”,推测出“苹果大丰收”，因此可以猜出“abundant”的意思是“丰富的，大量的”。
正确答案是D。
3．B Clue:通过前面句子设定的背景（when Sara was sick）,再加上后面句子的描述（We couldn’t hear what she was trying to say）,很显然，Sara说话的声音很轻，B项为正确答案。
4. B Clue:后两句对考试答题的方法进行了了解，根据常识可以判断，这两种方法应该是比较好的。
因此，可以排除A。
C。
D三个选项，Sara的意思是“最优秀的，最佳的”5. D Clue:根据常识，在空难（air crash）中生还的可能性一般很小，所以，“医生“的表达意思应该是“乘客幸存的希望渺茫（only a slim hope ofsurvival）”.6. B Clue:根据自然方面的常识，乌云、雷电交加表明暴风雨“即将来临“（imminent）”.7. D Clue：在该句中，非常重要的线索就是“strike”这个词。
“在工人罢工期间，他们只能推迟（suspend）桥梁的建造。
”所以，正确的答案是选项D。
8. A Clue:此句中，以信号词however为线索，可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相比。
过去是in an orderly way“秩序井然”，而现在是“in aturmoil”，即没有秩序，因袭正确的答案是选项A。
9. B Clue:“but”这个线索词表明“tense”与“relaxed”的词义形成对比，由此可以猜出“tense”这个词含有“紧张”的意思.10.A Clue:“unlike”这个线索词表明在原句中John和Jim在行为举止方面是截然相反的，John彬彬有礼（well-mannered），由此可以推测出”uncouth”的意思是“粗鲁的”。
徐美荣外贸英语函电(第二版)课后练习参考答案完整版
外贸英语函电课后练习参考答案（中英文对照版）名词解释二、Establish business relations建立商务关系Import进口Export出口Importer进口商Exporter出口商Commercial counsellor’s office商务参赞处Chamber of commerce商会Credit standing资讯状况三、Inquiries询价First inquiry初次询价General inquiry一般询价Specific inquiry具体询价Commission佣金Delivery交货Effect delivery装运All necessary information所有必要的信息Delivery date装运期四、Quote报价Offer报盘V oluntary offer主动报盘Free offer虚盘（自由报盘）Firm offer实盘Pro forma invoice形式发票Import licence进口许可证Catalogue目录Under cover随函附上Supply from stock供现货五、Counteroffer还盘Be on the high side偏高Regret遗憾Be in line with与。
相符Reduce减少、降低Make a reduction ofThe prevailing market行市六、Accept接受Acceptance接受Confirmation of order订单的确认Sales contract销售合同Sales confirmation销售确认书Purchase confirmation供货确认书Sign签名Signature签名Counter-signature会签七、Payment terms支付条款Modes of payment支付方式Remittance汇付Telegraphic transfer (T/T)电汇Mail transfer (M/T)信汇Demand draft (D/D)票汇Collection托收Documents against payment (D/P)付款交单Documents against acceptance (D/A)承兑交单八、Kinds of L/C信用证种类Sight L/C即期信用证Term L/C远期信用证Establish L/C开立信用证Amendment to the L/C修改信用证Extension of the L/C展延信用证Check the L/C检查信用证With the terms of contract按合同九、Pack包装Packing requirements包装要求Shipping instructions装运指示Shipping marks唛头Shipping advice装运通知Modes of transportation运输方式Time of shipment装运期Destination目的地Partial shipment分批装运Transshipment转运十、Insurance保险Risk风险Average海损Cover投保Coverage承保范围Open policy预约保单Premium保险费翻译：Chapter Two1.我们从中国驻东京大使馆商务参赞处得知贵公司的行名和地址，并了解贵公司是经营家用电器产品有经验的出口商We obtained your name and address from commercial counsellor’s office of the Chinese embassy in Tokyo. They have informed us that you are experienced exporter in the market for home electrical appliances.2.我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣One of our customers is interested in your new production.3.我们的一个日本客户想要购买中国红茶One of our customers in Japan wants to be in the market for black tea.4.如你所知，我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意As you know, our policy is to trade with merchants of various countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.5.我们希望你方尽最大努力促进业务又增进友谊。
世纪商务英语口译教程答案第二版
世纪商务英语口译教程答案第二版1、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at2、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment3、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] * A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)4、We often go to the zoo _______ Saturday mornings. [单选题] *A. atB. inC. on(正确答案)D. of5、The Internet is an important means of（）[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language6、73．（）about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he was determined to follow him．[单选题] *A. So curious the detective wasB.So curious was the detective(正确答案)C.How curious was the detectiveD.How curious the detective was7、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all8、He runs so fast that no one can _______ him. [单选题] *A. keep upB. keep awayC. keep up with(正确答案)D. keep on9、52．I'm happy to ________ a birthday card from an old friend. [单选题] * A．buyB．makeC．loseD．receive(正确答案)10、—Would you like some milk?—Yes, just _____, please. [单选题] *A. a little(正确答案)B. littleC. a fewD. few11、Either you or the president（）the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)12、Can you tell me how the accident _______? [单选题] *A. came about(正确答案)B. came backC. came downD. came from13、—How do you find（）birthday party of the Blairs? —I should say it was __________ complete failure．[单选题] *A．a; aB. the ; a(正确答案)C．a; /D．the; /14、There are sixty _______ in an hour. [单选题] *A. hoursB. daysC. minutes(正确答案)D. seconds15、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *A. give inB. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back16、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /17、9．—Will there be more cars in the future?—________. [单选题] *A．See youB．Well, I'm not sure(正确答案)C．You're welcomeD．Thank you18、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make19、Don't tell me the answer, I'll work out the problem _____. [单选题] *A .by meB. myself(正确答案)C. meD. mine20、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *A. 开始策划B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)21、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *A. worry about(正确答案)B. write downC. put awayD. wake up22、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework．[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to23、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with24、_______ a busy afternoon! [单选题] *A. HowB. What(正确答案)C. WhichD. Wish25、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanB. driverC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)26、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that27、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look28、My father always gets up early. He’s never late _______ work. [单选题] *A. toB. for(正确答案)C. onD. at29、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys30、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does。
徐美荣外贸英语函电(第二版)课后练习参考答案完整版
外贸英语函电课后练习参考答案（中英文对照版）名词解释二、Establish business relations建立商务关系Import进口Export出口Importer进口商Exporter出口商Commercial counsellor’s office商务参赞处Chamber of commerce商会Credit standing资讯状况三、Inquiries询价First inquiry初次询价General inquiry一般询价Specific inquiry具体询价Commission佣金Delivery交货Effect delivery装运All necessary information所有必要的信息Delivery date装运期四、Quote报价Offer报盘Voluntary offer主动报盘Free offer虚盘（自由报盘）Firm offer实盘Pro forma invoice形式发票Import licence进口许可证Catalogue目录Under cover随函附上Supply from stock供现货五、Counteroffer还盘Be on the high side偏高Regret遗憾Be in line with与。
相符Reduce减少、降低Make a reduction ofThe prevailing market行市六、Accept接受Acceptance接受Confirmation of order订单的确认Sales contract销售合同Purchase contract购买合同Sales confirmation销售确认书Purchase confirmation供货确认书Sign签名Signature签名Counter-signature会签七、Payment terms支付条款Modes of payment支付方式Remittance汇付Telegraphic transfer (T/T)电汇Mail transfer (M/T)信汇Demand draft (D/D)票汇Collection托收Documents against payment (D/P)付款交单Documents against acceptance (D/A)承兑交单八、Kinds of L/C信用证种类Sight L/C即期信用证Term L/C远期信用证Establish L/C开立信用证Amendment to the L/C修改信用证Extension of the L/C展延信用证Check the L/C检查信用证With the terms of contract按合同九、Pack包装Packing requirements包装要求Shipping instructions装运指示Shipping marks唛头Shipping advice装运通知Modes of transportation运输方式Time of shipment装运期Destination目的地Partial shipment分批装运Transshipment转运十、Insurance保险Risk风险Average海损Cover投保Coverage承保范围Open policy预约保单Premium保险费翻译：Chapter Two1.我们从中国驻东京大使馆商务参赞处得知贵公司的行名和地址，并了解贵公司是经营家用电器产品有经验的出口商We obtained your name and address from commercial counsellor’s office of the Chinese embassy in Tokyo. They have informed us that you are experienced exporter in the market for home electrical appliances.2.我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣One of our customers is interested in your new production.3.我们的一个日本客户想要购买中国红茶One of our customers in Japan wants to be in the market for black tea.4.如你所知，我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意As you know, our policy is to trade with merchants of various countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.5.我们希望你方尽最大努力促进业务又增进友谊。
外贸英语函电第二版课后翻译
外贸英语函电课后翻译参考答案□中英文对照版口Chapter Two1.我们从中国驻东京大使馆商务参赞处得知贵公司的行名和地址口并了解贵公司是经营家用电器产品有经验的出口商Vie obta i ned your name and address from commerc i a I counse I lor * s off i ce of the Ch i nese embassy in Tokyo. They have informed us that you are exper ienced exporter in the market for home electr icaI appliances.2.我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣One of our customers is interested in your new production.3.我们的一个口本客户想要购买中国红茶One of our customers in Japan wants to be in the market for black tea.4.如你所知口我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意As you know, our pol icy i s to trade with merchants of var ious countr ies on the bas i s of equaI ity and mutual benefit.5.我们希望你方尽最大努力促进业务又增进友谊。
V/e hope you can try your best to promote both trade and friendship.6.谢谢你方来函表示提供服务口我方愿与你方就扩大贸易的可能性进行讨论。
Thanks for your letter about service supply, we are willing to talk about the possibi I ity of promoting trade.7.我们了解到你公司是中国手工艺品的出口商口因此冒昧的写信给你V/e have acknowledged that your company is the exporter of Chinese handicraft.8.我们相信口贵我双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。
世纪商务英语外贸英语第二版课后翻译、术语、填空答案
cfs/container freight station multimodal transport
consignor
consignee time of shipment
port of shipment port of destination
shipping notice/advice partial shipment
hearing
1. 开证申请人 2. 受益人 3. 开证行 4. 通知行 5. 保兑行 6. 代理行 7. 议付行 8. 偿付行 9. 付款行 10. 有效期 11. 承兑 12. 修改通知书
大连理工大学出版社
applicant Beneficiary opening bank/issuing bank
大连理工大学出版社
1. 质量检验证书 2. 数量检验证书 3. 重量检验证书 4. 价值检验证书 5. 原产地证 6. 异议 7. 索赔
大连理工大学出版社
inspection certificate of quality inspection certificate of quantity
inspection certificate of weight inspection certificate of value certificate of origin
months to reach its destination and frequently ___________unroduegrhgoheasndling in loading and ___________. Thuenrleofaodrien,gpacking must be strong enough. Of course, consideration must also
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit6答案及注解
Unit Six TravelPart I Pre-reading Questions1.How often do you travel? What’s the purpose of your last travel?答案范例：I usually travel twice every year, once during the summer vacation and once during the winter vacation. My last travel was to visit the Great Pyramid of Gaza.2.Does tourism promote international peace? How?答案范例：Yes, it does. Tourism can promote cultural understanding, mutual respect and peace dialogues at national and international levels.It also creates incredible opportunities for strengthening cross-border relations.3.What do you think contributes to a wonderful destination?答案范例：Many features such as friendly atmosphere, a safe environment, beautiful scenery, charming attractions, delicious food and comfortable accommodation can contribute to a wonderful destination.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇TEXT A1.主旨归纳：文章从经济发展、科技和创新、旅游服务等方面对旅游业的影响，证明旅游消费者和零售商将面临又一个黄金期。
世纪商务英语外贸英语实务（第二版）部分课后练习答案
Unit 1II、True or false questions1、F2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 ACACA 6--10 DABCDIV、Match the correct explanation in the right column for the terms in terms left column.1--5 JHMCD 6--10 AEBNF11--15 IOKLGV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、home2、market3、companies4、raw5、transportation6、production7、focused8、soldUnit 2II、True or false questions1、T2、T3、F4、F5、T6、T7、T8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 DABBA 6--10 ADAABV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、suited2、undergoes3、unloading4、given5、destination6、pack7、minimize8、sacrificedUnit 3II、True or false questions1、T2、F3、T4、T5、T6、T7、F8、T9、T 10、FIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 DCBDB 6--10 DDCCBV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、currency2、uncertainty3、contract4、fluctuate5、agreement6、problem7、suffers8、risesUnit 4II、True or false questions1、F2、T 5、T 9、FIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 ABBDA 6--10 CADCBV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、purposes2、transactions3、defined4、shipment5、delivered6、insurance7、invoice8、submitUnit 5III、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 ADBAB 6--10 BDADAV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、choosing2、allowing3、concluded4、decide5、political6、under7、avoid8、regulationsUnit 6II、True or false questions1、F2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、F8、F9、F 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 CDACB 6--10 CBBCBUnit 7II、True or false questions1、T2、F3、T4、F5、T6、T7、T8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 BDAAC 6--10 CBCABV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、collection2、bank3、distrust4、draw5、presents6、delivery7、documents8、paymentUnit 8II、True or false questions1、F2、F3、F4、T5、T6、T7、F8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 CBACA 6--10 BADCCUnit 11II、True or false questions1、T2、T3、T 5、T6、F7、F8、F9、T 10、FIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 CDACA 6--10 CAAACV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案Unit 12II、True or false questions1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、F8、T9、F 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 BADCC 6--10 BDCBAV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、underwrite2、calculate3、strength4、determined5、left6、investments7、meet8、turn。
世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案
Unit 2P39Letter 1.at, of, with, in, forLetter 2.from, into, with, of, toP40rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiryUnit 3P55Letter 1.from, for, by, with, onLetter 2.with, in, of, in, fromP562.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decisionUnit 4P71Letter 1. To, of, at, in, byLetter 2.with, in, with, for, withP732.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, itemUnit 5P88Letter 1.for, with, at, by, toLetter 2.for, for, by, at, by/underP892.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciateUnit 6P105Letter 1.of, on, in, with, toLetter 2.of, in, by, for, atP1062.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptanceUnit 7P122Letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,Letter 2.with, for, for, within, ofP1232.order, customers, confirm, stated, shipment, satisfied, range, enclosing, catalogue, furtherUnit 8P141Letter 1: in, for, on, at, atLetter 2: to, for, in, with, forP1422.order, accept, terms, Enclosed, Contract, duplicate, return, file, delivered, entireUnit 9P165Letter 1: to, in/for, for, in/for, inLetter 2: of, to, on, at, againstP166rm, under, ready, stipulations, shipment, received, establish, S/C, point, effectUnit 10P181Letter 1: for, of, to, with, from/againstLetter 2: for, on, for ,from, by/inP1822.refer, boxes, strong, sea/ship, container, around, cost, prevent, rough, accountUnit 11P197Letter1: from, for/of, to, in, onLetter 2: with/In, in, for, in ,withoutP1982.reply, regret, port, booked, permit, punctual, understand, obtaining, receiving, issueUnit 12P214Letter1: with, against, for, at, byLetter 2: of, from, to, at, within/inP2152.insure, breakage, fragile, insured, rate, insurer, consignment, packing, coverage, adviceUnit 13P232Letter 1: of, upon/on, by, against, toLetter 2: in, into, about, for, againstP2332. shipment, regret, contain, into, error, apology, delivered, documents, account, dispose。
英文报刊国际商务阅读第二版课后练习题含答案
英文报刊国际商务阅读第二版课后练习题含答案阅读练习题Passage 11.What was the expected outcome of the TPP?2.What happened to the TPP after the U.S. withdrawal?3.What is the reason behind the CPTPP being signed without theU.S.?4.Why did Japan want to continue with the TPP even after theU.S. withdrawal?Passage 21.What is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative?2.What are the benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative forparticipating countries?3.What is the criticism of the Belt and Road Initiative?4.How are countries addressing the concerns over the Belt andRoad Initiative?Passage 31.What are the issues surrounding the NAFTA renegotiations?2.What are the mn changes proposed by the U.S. in the NAFTArenegotiations?3.What is the position of Canada and Mexico on the NAFTArenegotiations?4.What is the possible impact of NAFTA renegotiations on theU.S. economy?答案篇Passage 11.The expected outcome of the TPP was to promote economicgrowth and create jobs, increase market access, establish a rules-based trade system, and encourage investment.2.After the U.S. withdrew from the TPP, the remning 11countries renegotiated the agreement and signed the CPTPP(Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-PacificPartnership) in March 2018.3.The reason behind the CPTPP being signed without the U.S.was that the remning countries, including Japan and Canada, saw the economic and strategic benefits of the agreement and did not want to abandon the agreement altogether.4.Japan wanted to continue with the TPP even after the U.S.withdrawal because it saw the agreement as a crucial component of its economic and strategic policies in the Asia-Pacific region. Passage 21.The Belt and Road Initiative is a global infrastructuredevelopment strategy initiated by China that ms to connectcountries in Asia, Europe, and Africa through a network of roads, rlways, ports, and pipelines.2.The benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative forparticipating countries include increased investments, jobcreation, infrastructure development, and trade opportunities.3.The criticism of the Belt and Road Initiative includesconcerns over debt sustnability, environmental and social impacts, lack of transparency, and geopolitical risks.4.Countries are addressing the concerns over the Belt and RoadInitiative through negotiations and consultations, promotingtransparency and governance, and implementing environmental and social safeguards.Passage 31.The issues surrounding the NAFTA renegotiations include thetrade deficits between the U.S. and its NAFTA partners, the low labor and environmental standards in Mexico, and the operation of the dispute resolution mechanisms.2.The mn changes proposed by the U.S. in the NAFTArenegotiations include stricter rules of origin for automobiles, increased labor and environmental standards, and eliminating the dispute resolution mechanisms.3.Canada and Mexico both want to preserve the NAFTA agreementand are willing to make some changes to address U.S. concerns, but they are opposed to the U.S. demands for significant changes.4.The possible impact of NAFTA renegotiations on the U.S.economy could include increased job opportunities in some sectors but also higher prices for consumers and reduced exports due to trade disruptions.。
世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案
Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreignexchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific dutyb. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
商务英语外贸函电课后答案版精修订
商务英语外贸函电课后答案版GE GROUP system office room 【GEIHUA16H-GEIHUA GEIHUA8Q8-世纪商务英语----外贸函电(第二版)(教师用书)English Letter Writing in Foreign Trade主编吴思乐胡秋华大连理工大学出版社前言《世纪商务英语—外贸函电》是新世纪高职高专教材编委会组编的商务英语类课程规划教材之一。
本书主要针对高职高专商务英语和其他涉外经贸专业的学生..也可以作为其他层次涉外经贸专业的外经贸英语教材。
同时..对正在从事或即将从事涉外经贸活动和贸易洽谈工作的广大外贸工作者来说..本书还可作为自学参考资料。
为方便教学和自学者学习..我们编写了与之配套的练习答案..并提供了常用表达部分的译文。
希望本书能对我们的读者有所帮助。
编者ContentsModule UnitModule 1 Fundamentals of Modern Business Letter Writing 现代商务函电写作基础Unit 1 Basic knowledge of Business letter Writing 商务信函写作Module 2 Preparations for Negotiation 业务磋商的准备Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations 建立业务关系Unit 3. Making Credit Investigation 资信调查 Module 3 Procedures of Business Negotiation 业务磋商的主要环节Unit 4 Inquiry 询盘Unit 5 Offer 发盘Unit 6 Counter-offer 还盘 Module 4 Conclusion of Business 交易的达成Unit 7 Acceptance and Confirmation 接受与确认Unit 8 Order and Contract 订单与合同 Module 5 Negotiation of Main Trade Terms 主要交易条款的磋商Unit 9 Payment and L/C 支付与信用证Unit 10 Packing 包装…Unit 11 Shipment 运输Unit 12 Insurance 保险 Module 6 Disputes and Settlement 争议及争议的解决Unit 13 Complaints, Claims and Settlement 申诉、抱怨与索赔、理赔Unit 1. Fundamentals of Modern English Business Letter Writing第一章现代商务英语函电写作的基本知识Part Five Practical Training1. Arrange the Following in Proper Form as They Should Be Set Out in a Letter1) Sender's name: Guangzhou International Trading Corp.2) Sender's address: 198 Yueken Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China3) Sender's Telephone: 852300004) Sender's cable address: 5527GZ5) Sender's telex address: 3328 gz CN6) Date: September 15, 20077) Receiver's name: Standard Oil Company8) Receiver's address: 38 Fifth Avenue, London, U. K.9) Subject: Refrigerators10) The message:We thank you for your letter of September 3, 2007, enquiring for the captionedgoods.The enclosed booklet contains details of all our refrigerators and will enable youto make a suitable selection.We look forward to receiving your specific inquiry with keen interest. Basically, there are four acceptable formats for business letters. Students canchoose one of the layouts as his or her style. The following is just a sample.Guangzhou International Trading Corp.Address: 198 Yueken Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510507,P. R. ChinaTel: 85230000, Cable: 5527GZ, Telex: 3328 gz CNSeptember 15, 2010Standard Oil Company38 Fifth Avenue,London, EC4, U. K.Dear Madam or Sir:Subject..RefrigeratorsThank you for your letter of September 3, 2007, enquiring for the captioned goods.The enclosed booklet contains details of all our refrigerators and will enable you tomake a suitable selection.We look forward to receiving your specific inquiry with keen interest. Yours Sincerely,Li MingLi MingEncl. as stated2. Address an Envelope for the Above LetterSince we use the Full-block Style for the letter composing, we should also use theFull-block Style for the envelope.Guangzhou International Trading Corp.198 Yueken RoadTianhe District, Guangzhou,Guangdogn, ChinaStandard Oil Company38 Fifth AvenueLondon EC 4U. K.UrgentStampUnit 2 Establishing Business Relations第二章建立业务关系Part Three Other Commonly Used Expressions and SentencesTypical Sentences:1. Telling the addressee how his name is known in pleasant words. (用令人愉快的语言..说明你是怎样知道对方的)1..We are very pleased to obtain your name from the Industrial Chambers. ..很高兴从行业协会处得知贵公司的名称..2..On the recommendation of Merrs. Harvey & Co., we have learned with pleasure the name of your firm. (由于哈维公司的推荐..我们高兴地得知贵公司的名称。
世纪商务英语翻译教程课后答案
商务英语翻译教程Units1-7练习参考答案2008-11-13 13:56:50Keys第一单元名片1.2 Lead-in1.2.11）Harbin2）公司3）Century Village4）财务主任5）助理工程师6）名誉主席7）首席运营官8）传真9）邮政信箱10) 外销部经理1.2.2CHINA EASTERN AIRLINESBEIJING BRANCH (OFFICE)Wang JianGeneral Manager67 Wangfujing St. Tel: 010-******** Beijing, China Fax: 010-******** E-mail:wangjian@ 国际教育基金会琳达琼斯联络员及项目主任电话：(212)9447466 纽约，NY10036 转4243街4号传真：(212)9446683 国际总部电子邮箱ljones@1.2.3（略）1.7. Practice1.7.1 全部正确1.7.2 245 （1中改成“先高后低”；3中改成“之后”）1.7.31) senior advisor2) chief executive officer3) executive vice manager4) senior engineer5) technologist6) technician7) section chief8) division chief9) emeritus professor10) visiting professor11) special grade teacher12) research fellow13) chairman14) secretary general15) administrative chief of … Town16) physician-in-charge17) editor-in-chief18) accountant19) assistant to president20) commissioning editor1.7.41）North Shaoshan Road 或者Shaoshan Road (N).理由：如果简单地采用直译的办法将其翻译成Shaoshan Bei Road，则会让人产生一种错觉，认为其跟Shaoshan Road 没有关系，是不相干的路。
商务英语第二版课后答案
商务英语第二版课后答案商务英语第二版课后答案【篇一：商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富unit2the_world_economic_forum 课后答案】hanged global realityexercises1. answer the questions on the text:1) what are the features of the two major economies that the world has seen formore than 200 years?one has dominated technological innovation and trade and amassed great wealth. the second—much of it politically under the thumb of the first—has remained poor and technologically dependent.2) how much did low-and-middle-income countries contribute to world growth in 2010?almost half (46%)3) taking a long term view, why is it good news that developing countries are growing fast?as billions of poor people become more prosperous, they will be able to afford comforts their counterparts in the rich world have long considered the normal appurtenances of life.4) what are the worst-case scenarios that europe has so far avoided?a collapse of the euro, a debt crisis that spills from small economies such as greece and ireland to much bigger ones like italy and spain, and bitter social uest in those nations that are having to massage wages down while cutting public budgets.5) why does jim walker think that 2011 will be a “year of reckoning”?because jim walker thinks that the rebound in the us is a mirage created by excessive stimulus. he expects the us to slip into the double dip it dodged in 2010.6) why has the private-sector debt crisis of 2008-2009 morphed into a public-sector debt crisis in 2010-11?it has been the result of the debt and deficits amassed in the process of stimulating economies and bailing out banks during the downturn.7) what are the risks that emerging economies face?a. sharp rise in inflationb. rising oil pricesc. soaring food price8) what did china and india do to cope with inflation and rising food prices? china raised the reserve-requirement ratio;india resorted to diplomatic means when pakistan temporarily cut off some exports of onions to the country.9) how can the disaffection with global capitalism in the developed world be prevented from turning into a backlash against it?it would help if there were mechanisms in place to manage the stresses in the international economy.10) what is the most serious division between countries that policymakers have to contend with?economic disparity2. fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below:1) the search for the child sharply today, with almost a third of the volunteers heading home.2) the former federal reserve chairman says there is a riskthat the us coulda recession by year’s end.3) the ceo of the firm said that they would traditional labor-intensive products 4) in the aftermath of the financial crisis the group some of its ambitious regional expansion plans.5) toyota motor corp. is offering widespread job buyouts to its us workers for the first time and cutting the workweek at some of its american plants by 10% to falling sales.6) eventually, it must a system that functions on stability, or it will fail and cause an unstoppable breakdown and widespread hardship.7) unfortunately most of the central banks in the world today are still firmly politicians.8) the stock market’s endurance could depend heavily on whether economic and corporate performance remains uncertain, or begins indicating that the economy truly is 9) survivors were encouraged to talk about their horrible experiences to help them 10) other countries—notably australia—have also avoided a bust in their housing markets, and have instead seen prices increases3. match the terms in column a with the explanations in column b:1）double-dip recessiona) a physical substance, such as food, grains, and metals,which is interchangeable with another product of thesame type, and which investors buy or sell, usuallythrough future contracts2) credit ratingb) a measure that examines the weighted average ofprices of foodstuffs, often used as an important factorto assess the cost of living. 3)austerity c) a government policyof deficit-cutting, lower spending,and a reduction in the amount of benefits and publicservices provided, sometimes coupled with increasesreserves each commercial bank must hold to customerdeposits and notes.5）protective tariff e) the part of the economy that is not state controlled,and is run by individuals and companies for profit. 6）beggar thy neighbor f) an expression in economics describing policy that seeks benefits for one country at the expense of others.such policies attempt to remedy the economicproblems in one country by means which tend toworsen the problems of other countries.7) commodity g) a published ranking based on detailed financialanalysis by a credit bureau, of one’s financi al history, specifically as it relates to one’s ability to meet debt obligations. 8）sovereign-debt crisis h) a crisis in which a national government owes so muchdebt that it is unable to repay or on the edge ofbankruptcy. 9）food-price indexi) a tariff which tries to ban imports to stop themcompeting with local products 10）reserve requirement j) a situation where economic growth slides back tonegative after a short-lived growth and the economymay move into a deeper and longer downturn.4. translate the following into chinese:星期五，世界上20个主要经济体的领导人结束了在这座东北亚首都城市举行的为期两天的峰会。
世纪商务英语外贸英语实务答案
Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market; which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases; political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners; it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import; a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began.a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefitb. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage; and produces more than it can use; then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws; customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services; labor or othernon-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficitb. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreign exchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific duty b. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易 invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade; also known as world trade; foreign trade or overseas trade; is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易; 又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易; 是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换..2.Trade may occur because of economies of scale; that is; the cost advantages of large-scale production.贸易可能源于规模经济; 即大规模生产带来的成本优势..3.Visible trade refers to exports and imports of goods; while invisible trade refers to an exchange of services; labor or other non-physical goods between countries.有形贸易即产品的进出口; 而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换..4. If a country’ s exports exceed its imports; it has a trade surplus and the trade balance issaid to be positive. If imports exceed exports; the country has a trade deficit and its tradebalance is said to be negative.如果出口大于进口; 即为贸易顺差; 称为出超；如果进口大于出口; 则为贸易逆差; 称为入超..5. A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses theboundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country.关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税; 关境通常就是国境..6. A quota is a limitation in value or in physical terms; imposed on import and export of certain goods for a certain period of time.配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定..7. 各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预government intervention..Various forms of trade barriers are largely derived from government intervention.8. 近年来中国经济迅速增长; 贸易结构也相应改变很大..China’s economic growth has been tremendous in recent years and its trade structure has correspondingly undergone considerable transformation.9. 当前国际贸易中最大的困难是非关税壁垒; 如进口配额、出口管制等..The major difficulties in international trade today are the non-tariff barriers like quota sdttl and export controls.10. 大多数贸易协定是多边协定; 而非双边协定..Most trade agreements today are multilateral rather than bilateral.Unit2T1.A term for defining one particular grade of quality in one country may have quite a different meaning in another country. T2.In the case of sale by buyer’s sample or sale by seller’s sample; the quality of the commodities should be strictly the same as what of the sample. Otherwise; it should be stipulated in the contract clearly.F3.The grades of the same product are always the same in different countries.F4.In international trade; only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods. T5.Different ways of measurement such as by weight; by length; by area; by volume and by capacity may be used for different products.F6.In reality; the quantity of goods shipped must be exactly the same with that stipulated in the contract.T7.Packing should be designed according to the need of the cargo.F8.Generally speaking; more packing is required for containerized consignments.T9.Marking of goods can facilitate loading; unloading; transit; storage; inspection and help avoid wrong shipment.1.The sample made by the seller according to the buyer’s; and then sent to and confirmed by the buyer is called d. counter sample2.___________ are usually sold by trade mark or brand name a. Manufactured goods with steady quality3.The methods commonly used to express the quality include the followings except for ___________. a. sale by sample b. sale by materials c. sale by description d. sale by trade mark or brand name4.In international trade; the goods that are demanded on special shape or the characteristics of color and taste should be sold ___________. a. by sample b. by specification c. by grade d. by name of origin5.Quality standard of FAQ is usually used in the trade of ___________. a. agricultural products b. wood c. aquatic products d. manufactured goods6.If there is a quality tolerance clause in a contract; within the range of the tolerance; the buyer___________. a. must accept the goods b. can refuse the goods c. can demand the price to be adjusted7.Quality latitude can be stipulated in the contract in the following ways except for______. a. to stipulate a certain scope b. to stipulate more or less clause c. to stipulate “max” or “min” d. to stipulate a tolerance8.A company exports 50 tons of wheat; but the exporter delivers the extra 2 tons. If there is no other regulation on quantity in the L/C; then the importer should ___________.a. accept 52 tons b. refuse to take 52 tons c. accept extra 1 ton d. refuse to accept extra 2 tons9. The more or less clause is normally used for ___________. a. bulk goods b. packed units c. individual items d. containerized goods10. The followings are the typical examples of indicative marks except for ___________. a. Handle with care b. Inflammable c. Keep upright d. Keep in dry place1. 商品描述 description of commodity2.对等样品 counter sample3.复样 duplicate sample4.参考样品 original sample / reference sample5.凭规格买卖 sale by specifications6.良好平均品质 FAQ7. 上好适销品质 GMQ8. 品牌 brand9. 商标 trade mark10. 品质公差 quality tolerance11. 品质机动幅度 quality latitude12. 数量 quantity13. 计量单位 unit of measurement14. 公吨 metric ton15. 溢短装条款 more or less clause16. 包装 packing17. 纸箱 carton18. 装运标志/唛头 shipping mark19. 指示性标志 indicative marks20. 警告性标志 warning marks1.In order to take the initiative; the seller may reproduce the buyer’s sample; and send it back to the buyer as a type sample. After the buyer confirms this sample; sale by buyer’s sample is changed into sale by the seller’s counter sample.为了采取主动;卖方可根据买方样品加工出类似样品交买方确认..买方确认后;凭买方样品买卖变为凭卖方对等样品买卖..2.FAQ means a quantity of a product that is offered not on a particular quality specification but on the basis that is equal to the average quality of the current group or recent shipment. 良好平均品质是指不按特定商品规格;而以近期的一批货物或装船货物的平均品质为基础提供的一批货物..3.Tolerance means the permissible range within which the quality supplied by the seller may be either superior or inferior to the quality stipulated in the contract.公差指卖方交货品质优于或劣于合同规定质量的许可范围..4.It is very difficult to measure accurately some agricultural and mineral products like corn; wheat; coal; etc.; then a “more or less clause”; also called “plus or minus clause”; may beused to allow some tolerance in the quantity.有时难以保证装运商品的数量与合同规定完全相符;因此会使用溢短装条款或称增减条款以允许数量差额..5.Unless there is a stipulation that the quantity of the goods must not be exceeded or reduced; or the goods are to be calculated by number of package; 5% more or less of the goods in quantity should be accepted.如果未规定商品质量不能增加或者减少;则可有5%的增减幅度..6.Packing should be designed according to the need of the cargo. Bulk cargoes require little packing. General merchandises require adequate packing of various types.包装应按货物的需要来设计..散装货几乎不用包装;大路货需要不同类型的合适包装.. 7. 我方对产品质量很满意;想知道它们是怎么包装的..We appreciate the quality of your products but would like to know how they are packed.8.豆子是以散装或尼龙袋供应的..The beans are supplied in bulk or in gunny bags.9.我方采用纸箱而非木箱;因为纸箱同样适用于海上运输;但成本更少;重量更轻..We have now adopted carton packing instead of wooden cases as the former is just as seaworthy as the latter while the cost is less and the weight lighter.10.每罐装330毫升零度可口可乐;每24罐装一纸箱..Pack the Coco Cola Zero in tins of 330ml each; 24 tins to a carton. Unit3T1.A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit; unit price figure; measuring unitand price terms.F2. Both money of account and money of payment must be stipulated in the contract clearly.T3. The fluctuations of exchange rates may influence the interests of tradersT.4. Generally; the price of a foreign exchange is expressed in another currency.T5. Generally speaking; the exporter likes to use hard currency as payment currency.T6. Commission refers to service fees; while discount is a certain percent of price reduction.F7. Commission and discount must be stipulated in the price clause in a contract.T8. According to whether the price includes commission or not; the price can be divided into net price and commission-included price.T9. Discount is usually used as a means of promoting and expanding sales.T10. “USD200.00 per M/T CIFC2% London”means that the seller will receive 200.00US dollars for per metric ton.1.Total cost of exporting includes ___________. a. production cost c. production cost and all charge before exporting b. sales price d. production cost; all charge and taxes before exporting2. Which one is the best expression of unit price in international trade ___________ a. CIF LONDON US$1010/MT b. USD1;010.00/MT c. CIF LONDON USD1;010.00/MT d. CIF LONDON $1;010.003. The seller reduces the price by a certain percentage of the original price for the buyer; that’s to say; the seller does proper favor in price for the buyer. The favor is called____. a. commission b. discount c. advance payment d. deposit4. While choosing the money for the payment in international trade;one should _____. a. choose hard money b. choose soft money c. choose soft money for export and hard money for import d. choose hard money for export and soft money when import5. In international trade; the method of calculating plain commission is ___________. a. net price multiplied by commission rate b. commission-included price multiplied by commission rate c. net price divided byone minus commission rate d. commission-included price divided byone minus commission rate6. In international trade; the commission is usually collected by ___________. a. the exporter b. the importer c. the insurance company d. the intermediary7. Which one is the price including commission ___________ a. FOBS b. FOBT c. FOBST d. FOBC8. Which one of the following quotation is improper ___________a. FOB QINGDAO USD10.00/PCb. CIF LIVERPOOL GBP125.00/MTc. FOB SHANGHAI $15.25/PCd. FOB JINAN USD2.00/KG9. The followings are included in CFR and CPT prices expect for ___________. a. production cost b. freight c. insurance premium d. profit10. If the unit price clause is stipulated as“USD 200.00 per metric ton CIF London less 3% discount”; the seller will receive ___________ US dollars for one metric ton. a. 200.00 b. 194.00c. 206.00d. 196.001. 单价unit price2.总值total amount3.欧元EUR/Euro4.英镑GBP5.价格术语price term6. 计价货币money/currency of account7. 支付货币money/currency of payment8. 本币home currency9. 硬通货币hard currency10. 软通货币soft currency11. 汇率exchange rate12. 外汇保值条款exchange proviso clause13. 中间商intermediary14. 明佣plain commission15. 现金折扣cash discount16. 数量折扣 quantity discount1.A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit; unit price figure; measuring unit and price terms.单价由四部分组成：计价货币、单位价格金额、计量单位和价格术语..大连理工大学出版社2.In ISO 4217 Currency Code List; the currency code is composed of the country’s two character Internet country code plus an extra character to denote the currency unit.在国际标准化组织4217货币代码表中; 货币代码由国家网络代码的两个字母和代表计价单位的另一个字母组成..3.Total amount equals to the unit price multiplied by the quantity of the goods. It is often shown in the contract not only in Arabic numbers but also in English words.总值等于单价乘以商品的数量.. 合同中的总值不止用阿拉伯数字表示; 还用英大连理工大学出版社文字表示..4.Theoretically; use of hard currency as payment currency is more favorable to the exporter; while the importer prefers to pay in soft currency.理论上来说; 以硬通货币作为支付货币对出口商来说更有利; 而进口商更愿意用软货币..5.Foreign exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.汇率就是两国货币间的价格关系或一种货币相对于另一种货币的价格..大连理工大学出版社6.Plain commission is often represented by a capital letter “C”followed a percentage of commission rate; which is inserted into the price term; for example;“USD200.00 per M/TCIFC2% London .明佣通常用大写字母“ C”加上佣金的百分率; 嵌入价格术语中来表示; 如“CIF伦敦价每公吨200美元含2%佣金.. ”7.该报盘以我方最终确认为准..The offer is subject to our final confirmation.8.你方如果不把价格降到市场价格水平就没有希望做成买卖..It will be hopeless to get the business if you don’t bring your price into line with the world market.9.请报最优惠的CIF伦敦价; 包括3%佣金在内..10.We’d like to have your most favorable CIF London price; including 3% commission.10. 价格是上海工厂交货价每公吨300英镑..The price is GBP 300 per metric ton EXW Shanghai.Unit4F 1. All international business transactions are done under Incoterms 2010.T 2. Trade terms can be called price terms because they stand for the price component.T 3. EXW in Incoterms 2010 is the trade term under which the obligations and costs borne by and risks of the seller are minimum.F 4. Under FCA in Incoterms 2010; the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer at the time the buyer accepts the goods.T 5. Generally speaking; under FOB in Incoterms 2010; it is the seller’s responsibility to apply for the export license and pay the export duty.F 6. Under FOB San Francisco; San Francisco is the port of destination.F 7. DAT and DAP require the seller to clear the goods forexport.T 8. The buyer has more responsibilities; costs and risks when using FOB than using CIF. T 9. Under CPT Tokyo; Tokyo is the place of delivery.T 10. The DDP should not be used if the seller is unable to obtain import license directly or indirectly.1. The trade terms define the responsibilities and expenses of ___________. a. both the seller and the buyer c. both the shipper and carrier b. both the consignee and the consignor d. both the seller and the operator2. ___________ means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination.a. CPT c. DATb. DDP d. DAP3. Under ___________; the risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship; and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. a. DAT c. FOB b. FAS d. CIF4. ___________ means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered; and he mustcontract for transport and insurance. a. FAS c. CFR b. FOB d. CIF 5. In such circumstances where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel; for example goods in containers; which are typically delivered at a terminal; ___________ should be used. a. FCA c. CPT b. FOB d. DAT6. The buyer should note that under ___________ the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. a. EXW c. CIPb. FOB d. DDP7. ___________ may be used for any mode or modes of transport.a. FCA CPT DAP c. FCA FAS CIFb. FCA FOB EXW d. FCA CFR DAT8. ___________ can only be used for waterway transport. a. CIF CIP DAT c. CPT CIF FOB b. CFR CPT DAP d. CIF CFR FOB9. Under ___________; the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. a. CFR CIF DAT c. CPT CIP FCA b. FCA FAS FOB d. DAT DAP DDP10. ___________ requires the seller to clear the goods for export and import; where applicable. a. EXW c. DAP b. DDP d. CPT1. Trade terms; also called price terms or delivery terms; arean important part of a unit price in international trade; standing for specific responsibilities and obligations of both the buyer and the seller.贸易术语;又称价格术语或交货术语;是国际贸易中单价条款的重要组成部分; 代表买卖双方各自特定的责任和义务..2.FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export; where applicable.FCA 要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续..3.Under CPT; the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.CPT下;卖方必须订立运输合同;自付费用将货物运至指定的目的地..4.Under CIP; the seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’ s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.CIP下;卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险..5.When CPT; CIP; CFR or CIF are used; the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrierand not when the goods reach the place of destination.在CPT; CIP; CFR或CIF 适用的情形下;卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人; 而非货物到达指定目的地时;即告完全履行..6.卖方必须支付在需要办理海关手续时;货物出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用..The seller must pay; where applicable; the costs of customs formalities necessary for export; as well as all duties; taxes and other charges payable upon export.7.CFR适用于海洋运输和内河沿运;而CPT则适于任何运输方式.. CFR is only applied to sea and inland waterway transport while CPT may be used for any mode of transport.8.卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票..The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale.9.自卖方交货之时起;买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险.. The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time the goods have been delivered.10.FOB是指卖方在指定的装运港;将货物交至买方指定的船只上;或者指中间销售商设法获取按该种交付方式交付的货物..FOB means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered.Unit5T1. Sea transport is the most important mode of transport in international trade now.T2. The freight of liners is relatively fixed; while the freight of tramps is mainly determined by the market.F3. Multimodal transport means the goods are carried by at least two modes of transport under at least two multimodal transport operators.F4. Time of shipment in a contract can only be a fixed period of time.F5. If optional places of destination are stipulated in the contract; the extra freight due to selecting place of destination must be paid by the importer.T6. Partial shipment means that the goods under one contract are shipped in different terms or by different lots.T7. In case it was stipulated in the contract that“shipment ismade during July and August”; one lot of the goods must be shipped in July while another in August.F8. If there is no direct sail to the destination; a transshipment clause shall be stipulated in the contract.T9. Transshipment may increase the cost of shipment and the possibility of delay in delivery.T10. The notice of shipment under CFR is very important; because the buyer will takeout insurance upon receipt of the notice.1.The characteristics of liner transport are that ___________.a. the line; the port; the time and the freight rate are fixedb. its freight is determined by the marketc. the variety and quantity of goods shipped are more flexibled. the obligations and rights of both the seller and the buyer are stipulated in the B/L2. ___________ transport is a major mode of transport in terms of capacity; only second to sea transport. a. Road b. Air c. Container d. Rail3. ___________ transport has a high distributive ability of offering a door-to-door service. a. Air b. Road c. Sea d. Inlandwaterway4. In container transport situation; the shipping company can supply “door to door” service under the condition of ___________. a. FCL/FCL b. FCL/LCL c. LCL/FCL d. LCL/LCL5. The operator who signs the multimodal transport documents ___________. a. is only responsible for the first stage of the transportation b. must be responsible for the whole transportation c. is not responsible for transportation d. is only responsible for the last stage of the transportation6. Which stipulation of the date of shipment is often used in a contract ___________ a. one specific day b. within several days after the seller receives the L/C c. prompt shipment d. shipment as soon as possible7. Which of the following is right about the stipulation of the place of destination clauses in the international trade contract ___________ a. To stipulate the place of destination roughly. b. Only one place of destination can be stipulated in the contract.c. To stipulate two places of destination.d. More than one place of destination can be contracted in case it is difficult to decideit.8. The seller usually sends the ___________ to the buyer immediately after the goods are loaded on board the ship; advising him of the shipment. a. shipping advice b. shipping instructionsc. shipping dated. shipping port9. Partial shipment may be necessary when ___________. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods10. Transshipment may be necessary when ___________. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods1. 运输方式mode of transport2.班轮liner3.不定期轮 tramp4.程租船voyage charter5.期租船time charter6.铁路运输rail transport7.集装箱运输container transport8.整箱货FCL/full container load9.拼箱货LCL/less than container load10.集装箱货运站 CFS/container freight station11.集装箱堆场CY12.多式联运multimodal transport13.托运shipper14.收货人carrier15.装运时间time of shipment16.装运港port of shipment17.目的港port of destination18.分批装运shipping notice/advice19.转运partial shipment20.装运通知transshipment1.A liner operates over a regular route; stops at fixed ports according to an advertised schedule. Its freight is relatively fixed with loading and unloading charges included.集装箱运输可以提供整装整交的门到门服务、整装散交下的门到站服务、拼装散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务..2.Multimodal transport means the carriage of cargoes by at least two modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract and only one multimodal transport operator MTO is responsible for taking the cargoes from the consignor and delivering them to the consignee.这是指在一份多式联运合同下; 采用两种或两种以上运输方式; 由一个多式联运经营人负责将货物从发货人运至收货人的运输方式..3.There are basically two ways to set time of shipment: One is to clearly specify a period of time and the other is to create a link between the time of shipment and the time of receipt of L/C; M/T; T/T or D/D.在 FOB或 CFR或CIF合同下; 装运港通常由卖方提出; 在得到买方确定后; 在合同中做出规定同中做出规定..4.Partial shipment; also called shipment on installments; means that the goods under one contract are shipped in different terms or by different lots.分批装运又被称为分期装运; 是指一个合同项下的货物分若干期或若干批装运..5.The seller shall notify the buyer in a shipping notice the contract number; name of commodity; quantity; name of vessel; date of shipment; etc. immediately after effecting shipment so that the buyer can make preparation for receiving the goods at the place of destination.卖方应在装运通知; 通知买方合同号; 商品名称; 数量; 船名; 装运日期; 装运等后运等后; 买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备..买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备6.我方得到通知; 无法提前装运; 只能延期到下个月..We have received notice that delivery has to be put off to early next month.7.对于CIF合同; 我方一般规定装运港为“中国港口” ; 这样便于在就近口岸装运..As a rule; we stipulate “China Port” as the port of loading; so it will be convenient to ship the goods at a near port.8.我方可以把货物从汕头经香港转运到大阪..We can have the goods shipped from Shantou to Osaka via Hong Kong; where they can be transshipped.9.如合同规定“4到6月3等批每月装运一批” ; 则每批装运都形成一份独立的合同..As the contract provided; goods are requested to be shipped in three equal monthly installments daring April to June ;each forms a separate contract.10.货物将于5月初到达你方港口; 届时我方将电话通知你方..It will reach your port of destination in early May. We shall give you a call to let you know. Unit6F1. Cargo transport insurance is to protect the interests of traders from any possible financial losses.T2. Goods may meet two types of risks during transit in ocean transport: perils of the sea and extraneous risks.T3. When the cost of salvaging the consignment would exceed the value of the consignment in sound condition; and the consignment is reasonably abandoned; we consider it as constructive total loss.T4. Sue and labor expenses arise from measures properly taken by the insured and his agent for minimizing or avoiding losses caused by the risks covered in the insurance policy.T5. FPA covers contribution to general average and salvage charges.T6. WPA is a wider cover than FPA.F7. In international trade; if All Risks was covered; any loss caused by any reason on the way can be compensated by insurance company.F8. The additional coverage can be taken out separately.F9. It is the best way to choose a large insurance coverage.T10. When a number of consignments of similar export goods are intended to be covered;open policy is a better method.1.___________ is the practice of sharing among many persons risks that would otherwise be suffered by only a few. a. Trade b. Transportation c. Insurance d. Description2. The losses done to the goods in marine transportation can be classified into two types; namely ___________. a. actual total loss and constructive total loss b. general average and particular average c. basic loss and additional loss d. total loss and partial loss3. In the marine cargo insurance practice; general average is ___________. a. a kind of partial loss b. a kind of total loss c. partial loss or total loss decided by the time d. constructive。
世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案之欧阳育创编
Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations betweencountries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sellthe left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________.a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following itemsexcept for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports.a. Trade balance c. Trade deficitb. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreign exchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific duty b. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers?___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易 invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案
Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreignexchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific dutyb. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。