雅思阅读UNIT 11 Travel
剑桥雅思阅读11原文真题解析
剑桥雅思阅读11原文真题解析雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说雅思阅读解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是小编给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读11原文解析(test2)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Raising the Mary RoseHow a sixteenth-century warship was recovered from the seabedOn 19 July 1545, English and French fleets were engaged in a sea battle off the coast of southern England in the area of water called the Solent, between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight. Among the English vessels was a warship by the name of Mary Rose. Built in Portsmouth some 35 years earlier, she had had a long and successful fighting career, and was a favourite of King Henry VIII. Accounts of what happened to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she was not hit by the French, some maintain that she was outdated, overladen and sailing too low in the water, others that she was mishandled by undisciplined crew. What is undisputed, however, is that the Mary Rose sank into the Solent that day, taking at least 500 men with her. After the battle, attempts were made to recover the ship, but these failed.The Mary Rose came to rest on the seabed, lying on her starboard (right) side at an angle of approximately 60 degrees. The hull (the body of the ship) acted as a trap for the sand and mud carried by Solent currents. As a result, the starboard sidefilled rapidly, leaving the exposed port (left) side to be eroded by marine organisms and mechanical degradation. Because of the way the ship sank, nearly all of the starboard half survived intact. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the entire site became covered with a layer of hard grey clay, which minimised further erosion.Then, on 16 June 1836, some fishermen in the Solent found that their equipment was caught on an underwater obstruction, which turned out to be the Mary Rose. Diver John Deane happened to be exploring another sunken ship nearby, and the fishermen approached him, asking him to free their gear. Deane dived down, and found the equipment caught on a timber protruding slightly from the seabed. Exploring further, he uncovered several other timbers and a bronze gun. Deane continued diving on the site intermittently until 1840, recovering several more guns, two bows, various timbers, part of a pump and various other small finds.The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity for another hundred years. But in 1965, military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called ‘Solent Ships’. While on paper this was a plan to examine a number of known wrecks in the Solent, what McKee really hoped for was to find the Mary Rose. Ordinary search techniques proved unsatisfactory, so McKee entered into collaboration with Harold E. Edgerton, professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967, Edgerton’s side-scan sonar systems revealed a large, unusually shaped object, which McKee believed was the Mary Rose.Further excavations revealed stray pieces of timber and aniron gun. But the climax to the operation came when, on 5 May 1971, part of the ship’s frame was uncovered. McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had found the wreck, but were as yet unaware that it also housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artefacts. Interest in the project grew, and in 1979, The Mary Rose Trust was formed, with Prince Charles as its President and Dr Margaret Rule its Archaeological Director. The decision whether or not to salvage the wreck was not an easy one, although an excavation in 1978 had shown that it might be possible to raise the hull. While the original aim was to raise the hull if at all feasible, the operation was not given the go-ahead until January 1982, when all the necessary information was available.An important factor in trying to salvage the Mary Rose was that the remaining hull was an open shell. This led to an important decision being taken: namely to carry out the lifting operation in three very distinct stages. The hull was attached to a lifting frame via a network of bolts and lifting wires. The problem of the hull being sucked back downwards into the mud was overcome by using 12 hydraulic jacks. These raised it a few centimetres over a period of several days, as the lifting frame rose slowly up its four legs. It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second stage. In this stage, the lifting frame was fixed to a hook attached to a crane, and the hull was lifted completely clear of the seabed and transferred underwater into the lifting cradle. This required precise positioning to locate the legs into the ‘stabbing guides’ of the lifting cradle. The lifting cradle was designed to fit the hull using archaeological surveydrawings, and was fitted with air bags to provide additional cushioning for the hull’s delicate timber framework. The third and final stage was to lift the entire structure into the air, by which time the hull was also supported from below. Finally, on 11 October 1982, millions of people around the world held their breath as the timber skeleton of the Mary Rose was lifted clear of the water, ready to be returned home to Portsmouth.Questions 1-4Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 There is some doubt about what caused the Mary Rose to sink.2 The Mary Rose was the only ship to sink in the battle of 19 July 1545.3 Most of one side of the Mary Rose lay undamaged under the sea.4 Alexander McKee knew that the wreck would contain many valuable historical objects.Questions 5-8Look at the following statements (Questions 5-8) and the list of dates below.Match each statement with the correct date, A-G.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.5 A search for the Mary Rose was launched.6 One person’s exploration of the Mary Rose site stopped.7 It was agreed that the hull of the Mary Rose should be raised.8 The site of the Mary Rose was found by chance.List of DatesA 1836 E 1971B 1840 F 1979C 1965 G 1982D 1967Questions 9-13Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.Raising the hull of the Mary Rose: Stages one and twoREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-20Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Evidence of innovative environment management practicesii An undisputed answer to a question about the moaiiii The future of the moai statuesiv A theory which supports a local beliefv The future of Easter Islandvi Two opposing views about the Rapanui peoplevii Destruction outside the inhabitants’ controlviii How the statues made a situation worseix Diminishing food resources14 Paragraph A15 Paragraph B16 Paragraph C17 Paragraph D18 Paragraph E19 Paragraph F20 Paragraph GWhat destroyed the civilisation of Easter Island?A Easter Island, or Rapu Nui as it is known locally, is home to several hundred ancient human statues ?— the moai. After this remote Pacific island was settled by the Polynesians, it remained isolated for centuries. All the energy and resources that went into the moai — some of which are ten metres tall and weigh over 7,000 kilos —came from the island itself. Yet when Dutch explorers landed in 1722, they met a Stone Age culture. The moai were carved with stone tools, then transported for many kilometres, without the use of animals or wheels, to massive stone platforms. The identity of the moai builders was in doubt until well into the twentieth century. Thor Heyerdahl, the Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer, thought the statues had been created by pre-lnca peoples from Peru. Bestselling Swiss author Erich von Daniken believed they were built by stranded extraterrestrials. Modern science —linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence — has definitively proved the moai builders were Polynesians, but not how they moved their creations. Local folklore maintains that the statues walked, while researchers have tended to assume the ancestors draggedthe statues somehow, using ropes and logs.B When the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few scrawny trees. In the 1970s and 1980s, though, researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments, which proved the island had been covered in lush palm forests for thousands of years. Only after the Polynesians arrived did those forests disappear. US scientist Jared Diamond believes that the Rapanui people — descendants of Polynesian settlers — wrecked their own environment. They had unfortunately settled on an extremely fragile island —dry, cool, and too remote to be properly fertilised by windblown volcanic ash. When the islanders cleared the forests for firewood and farming, the forests didn’t grow back. As trees became scarce and they could no longer construct wooden canoes for fishing, they ate birds. Soil erosion decreased their crop yields. Before Europeans arrived, the Rapanui had descended into civil war and cannibalism, he maintains. The collapse of their isolated civilisation, Diamond writes, is a ‘worst-case scenario for what may lie ahead of us in our own futu re’.C The moai, he thinks, accelerated the self-destruction. Diamond interprets them as power displays by rival chieftains who, trapped on a remote little island, lacked other ways of asserting their dominance. They competed by building ever bigger figures. Diamond thinks they laid the moai on wooden sledges, hauled over log rails, but that required both a lot of wood and a lot of people. To feed the people, even more land had to be cleared. When the wood was gone and civil war began, the islanders began toppling the moai. By the nineteenth century none were standing.D Archaeologists T erry Hunt of the University of Hawaii andCarl Lipo of California State University agree that Easter Island lost its lush forests and that it was an ‘ecological catastrophe’ —but they believe the islanders themselves weren’t to blame. And the moai certainly weren’t. Archaeological excavations indicate that the Rapanui went to heroic efforts to protect the resources of their wind-lashed, infertile fields. They built thousands of circular stone windbreaks and gardened inside them, and used broken volcanic rocks to keep the soil moist. In short, Hunt and Lipo argue, the prehistoric Rapanui were pioneers of sustainable farming.E Hunt and Lipo contend that moai-building was an activity that helped keep the peace between islanders. They also believe that moving the moai required few people and no wood, because they were walked upright. On that issue, Hunt and Lipo say, archaeological evidence backs up Rapanui folklore. Recent experiments indicate that as few as 18 people could, with three strong ropes and a bit of practice, easily manoeuvre a 1,000 kg moai replica a few hundred metres. The figures’ fat bellies tilted them forward, and a D-shaped base allowed handlers to roll and rock them side to side.F Moreover, Hunt and Lipo are convinced that the settlers were not wholly responsible for the loss of the island’s trees. Archaeological finds of nuts from the extinct Easter Island palm show tiny grooves, made by the teeth of Polynesian rats. The rats arrived along with the settlers, and in just a few years, Hunt and Lipo calculate, they would have overrun the island. They would have prevented the reseeding of the slow-growing palm trees and thereby doomed Rapa Nui’s forest, even withou t the settlers’ campaign of deforestation. No doubt the rats ate birds’ eggs too. Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanuicivilisation collapsed when the palm forest did. They think its population grew rapidly and then remained more or less stable until the arrival of the Europeans, who introduced deadly diseases to which islanders had no immunity. Then in the nineteenth century slave traders decimated the population, which shrivelled to 111 people by 1877.G Hunt and Lipo’s vision, therefore, is one of an island populated by peaceful and ingenious moai builders and careful stewards of the land, rather than by reckless destroyers ruining their own environment and society. ‘Rather than a case of abject failure, Rapu Nui is an unlikely story of succe ss’, they claim. Whichever is the case, there are surely some valuable lessons which the world at large can learn from the story of Rapa Nui.Questions 21-24Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.Jared Diamond’s ViewDiamond believes that the Polynesian settlers on Rapa Nui destroyed its forests, cutting down its trees for fuel and clearing land for 21 __________. Twentieth-century discoveries of pollen prove that Rapu Nui had once been covered in palm forests, which had turned into grassland by the time the Europeans arrived on the island. When the islanders were no longer able to build the 22 __________ they needed to go fishing, they began using the island’s 23 __________ as a food source, according to Diamond. Diamond also claims that the moai were built to show the power of the island’s chieftains, and that the methods of transporting the statues needed not only a great number of people, but also a great deal of 24 __________.Questions 25 and 26Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.On what points do Hunt and Lipo disagree with Diamond?A the period when the moai were createdB how the moai were transportedC the impact of the moai on Rapanui societyD how the moai were carvedE the origins of the people who made the moaiREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.NeuroaestheticsAn emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many masterpieces. The blurred imagery of Impressionist paintings seems to stimulate the brain’s amygdala, for instance. Since the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain why many people find these pieces so moving.Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from Mondrian’s geometri cal blocks of colour, to Pollock’s seemingly haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas? Sceptics believe that people claim to like such works simply because they are famous. We certainly do have an inclination to follow the crowd. When asked to make simple perceptual decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choose a definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same. It is easy toimagine that this mentality would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer.Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusetts, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings — either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephants. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly —volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.Robert Pepperell, an artist based at Cardiff University, creates ambiguous works that are neither entirely abstract nor clearly representational. In one study, Pepperell and his collaborators asked volunteers to decide how ‘powerful’ they considered an artwork to be, and whether they saw anything familiar in the piece. The longer they took to answer these questions, the more highly they rated the piece under scrutiny, and the greater their neural activity. It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.And what about artists such as Mondrian, whose paintings consist exclusively of horizontal and vertical lines encasing blocks of colour? Mondrian’s works are deceptively simple, but eye-tracking studies confirm that they are meticulously composed, and that simply rotating a piece radically changes the way weview it. With the originals, volunteers’ eyes tended to stay longer on certain places in the image, but with the altered versions they would flit across a piece more rapidly. As a result, the volunteers considered the altered versions less pleasurable when they later rated the work.In a similar study, Oshin Vartanian of Toronto University asked volunteers to compare original paintings with ones which he had altered by moving objects around within the frame. He found that almost everyone preferred the original, whether it was a Van Gogh still life or an abstract by Miro. Vartanian also found that changing the composition of the paintings reduced activation in those brain areas linked with meaning and interpretation.In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool analysed the visual intricacy of different pieces of art, and her results suggest that many artists use a key level of detail to please the brain. Too little and the work is boring, but too much results in a kind of ‘perceptual overload’; according to Forsythe. What’s more, appealing pieces both abstract and representational, show signs of ‘fractals’ —repeated motifs recurring in different scales. Fractals are common throughout nature, for example in the shapes of mountain peaks or the branches of trees. It is possible that our visual system, which evolved in the great outdoors, finds it easier to process such patterns.It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process movement when we see a handwritten letter, as if we are replaying the writer’s moment of creation. This has led some to won der whether Pollock’s works feel so dynamic because the brain reconstructs the energetic actions the artist used as hepainted. This may be down to our brain’s ‘mirror neurons’, which are known to mimic others’ actions. The hypothesis will need to be thoroughly tested, however. It might even be the case that we could use neuroaesthetic studies to understand the longevity of some pieces of artwork. While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular, works that are best adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of previous generations have been forgotten.It’s still early days for the field of neuroaesthetics — and these studies are probably only a taste of what is to come. It would, however, be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of scientific laws. We shouldn’t underestimate the importance of the style of a particular artist, their place in history and the artistic environment of their time. Abstract art offers both a challenge and the freedom to play with different interpretations. In some ways, it’s not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 In the second paragraph, the writer refers to a shape-matching test in order to illustrateA the subjective nature of art appreciation.B the reliance of modern art on abstract forms.C our tendency to be influenced by the opinions of others.D a common problem encountered when processing visual data.28 Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that peopleA mostly favour works of art which they know well.B hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.C are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.D have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.29 Results of studies involving Robert Pepperell’s pieces suggest that peopleA can appreciate a painting without fully understanding it.B find it satisfying to work out what a painting represents.C vary widely in the time they spend looking at paintings.D generally prefer representational art to abstract art.30 What do the experiments described in the fifth paragraph suggest about the paintings of Mondrian?A They are more carefully put together than they appear.B They can be interpreted in a number of different ways.C They challenge our assumptions about shape and colour.D They are easier to appreciate than many other abstract works.Questions 31-33Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.Write the correct letters, A-H, in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.Art and the BrainThe discipline of neuroaesthetics aims to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art. Neurological studies of the brain, for example, demonstrate the impact which Impressionist paintings have on our 31 __________. Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool believes many artists give their works the precise degree of 32 __________ which most appeals to the viewer’s brain. She also observes that pleasing works of artoften contain certain repeated 33 __________ which occur frequently in the natural world.A interpretationB complexityC emotionsD movementsE skillF layoutG concern H imagesQuestions 34-39Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this34 Forsythe’s findings contradicted previous beliefs on the function of ‘fractals’ in art.35 Certain ideas regarding the link between ‘mirror neurons’ and art appr eciation require further verification.36 People’s taste in paintings depends entirely on the current artistic trends of the period.37 Scientists should seek to define the precise rules which govern people’s reactions to works of art.38 Art appreciation should always involve taking into consideration the cultural context in which an artist worked.39 It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in that of art.Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40 What would be the most appropriate subtitle for the article?A Some scientific insights into how the brain responds toabstract artB Recent studies focusing on the neural activity of abstract artistsC A comparison of the neurological bases of abstract and representational artD How brain research has altered public opinion about abstract art剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test2)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：打捞玛丽玫瑰号船记一艘16世纪的战舰是如何从海底被打捞的索伦特水域地处英国南部海岸，位于朴茨茅斯和怀特岛之间，1545年7月19日，英国与法国舰队在这里展开了一场海战。
雅思阅读主题分类整理
雅思阅读主题分类整理雅思阅读考试的题材比较多，文章的主题范围也比较广泛。
今天小编为大家带来的是雅思阅读主题分类总结内容，希望帮助到各位考生在备考中结合有效的练习提升阅读水平，在雅思阅读考试中能拿到一个更高的分数。
雅思阅读主题分类整理雅思阅读主题最新分类1。
自然(14篇)(01) V67-2：英国绿色农业(04) V59-2：圣婴现象(ENSO)「圣婴」一词源自西班牙文，(英文翻译为Christ Child)，意为上帝之子，是100多年前南美洲秘鲁和厄瓜多的渔民用来称呼发生于圣诞节前后，祕鲁附近海域海温异常偏暖的现象。
科学研究显示不仅和祕鲁附近海温的变化有关，也和热带东太平洋和西太平洋之间的海面气压的分布有关，就以 El Nino Southern Oscillation(简称ENSO)来表示热带太平洋大气和海洋之间的变化，也就是一般所谓的圣婴现象。
(07) V35-2：圣婴现象(10) V29-2：减少闪电危害Reduce lightning hazards(13) V25-1：自然周期与生物(02) V66-1：自然周期与生物(05) V38-3：海沙流失Sea Sand loss(08) V35-2：欧洲森林保育European forest conservation(11) V29-3：南非黄金开采(14) V23-2：探索太空生物(03) V63-1：海底热资源Hydrothermal resources(06) V36-1：热带雨林Tropical rain forest(09) V34-1：火山爆发Volcanic eruptions(12) V28-3：全球气候暖化Global warming2。
科技(14篇)(01) V65-3：海底探测船Submarine spacecraft(04) V36-3：摩斯密码Morse code(07) V35-1：桥梁修复Bridge repairment(10) V55-1：计算雅思阅读主题最新分类_文档下载///b-9c8272c2f90f76c661371a8d.html 机化交通系统Computerized traffic system(13) V28-1：人造丝制造The manufacture of rayon(02) V62-2：澳洲医疗与中医Australian medical and TCM(05) V31-2：电信技术发展The development of telecommunications technology (08) V26-1：染料与颜料Dyes and Pigments(11) V54-2：交通工具发展The development of transport(14) V27-1：房屋构造与用途Housing construction and function(03) V43-3：澳洲皮肤癌Skin cancer in Australia(06) V31-3：非洲交通改革计划African transport reform plan(09) V56-2：信息技术与运输Information technology and transport(12) V53-2：城市交通问卷Urban Transport questionnaire3。
剑桥雅思阅读11（test1）答案精讲
剑桥雅思阅读11(test1)答案精讲剑桥雅思阅读部分的题目可以进行一些分类总结，因为考试的常见内容一般都会在下次考试中出现的。
下面就是今天小编给大家带来的剑桥雅思阅读11原文和答案的内容，希望能够帮助同学们备考雅思考试。
剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Crop-growing skyscrapersBy the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. An estimated 109 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on?The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical Farm’. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlledconditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers. Vertical farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to operate. If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods or pests. All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers. The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that areacquired at the agricultural interface. Although the system would consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non-edible parts of plants. It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light: even so, many still need artificial lighting. A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more. Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight. This system is already in operation, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: it is not certain, however, that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population. At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy. While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.Questions 1-7Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.Indoor farming1 Some food plants, including __________, are already grown indoors.2 Vertical farms would be located in __________, meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.3 Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce __________.4 The consumption of __________ would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.5 The fact that vertical farms would need __________ light is a disadvantage.6 One form of vertical farming involves planting in __________ which are not fixed.7 The most probable development is that food will be grown on __________ in towns and cities.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8 Methods for predicting the Earth’s population have recently changed.9 Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.10 The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season.11 Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.12 Fertilisers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.13 Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.THE FALKIRK WHEELA unique engineering achievementThe Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the world’s first and only rotating boat lift. Opened in 2002, it is central to the ambitious ￡84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals.The major challenge of the project lay in the fact that the Forth & Clyde Canal is situated 35 metres below the level of the Union Canal. Historically, the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of 11 locks — enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered — that stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km. This had been dismantled in 1933, thereby breaking the link. When the project was launched in 1994, the British Waterways authority were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark which would not only be a fitting commemoration of the Millennium, but also a lasting symbol of the economic regeneration of the region.Numerous ideas were submitted for the project, includingconcepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from giant see-saws to overhead monorails. The eventual winner was a plan for the huge rotating steel boat lift which was to become The Falkirk Wheel. The unique shape of the structure is claimed to have been inspired by various sources, both manmade and natural, most notably a Celtic double-headed axe, but also the vast turning propeller of a ship, the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish.The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled, like one giant toy building set, at Butterley Engineering’s Steelworks in Derbyshire, some 400 km from Falkirk. A team there carefully assembled the 1,200 tonnes of steel, painstakingly fitting the pieces together to an accuracy of just 10 mm to ensure a perfect final fit. In the summer of 2001, the structure was then dismantled and transported on 35 lorries to Falkirk, before all being bolted back together again on the ground, and finally lifted into position in five large sections by crane. The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust, the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together. Over 45,000 bolt holes were matched with their bolts, and each bolt was hand-tightened.The Wheel consists of two sets of opposing axe-shaped arms, attached about 25 metres apart to a fixed central spine. Two diametrically opposed water-filled ‘gondolas’, each with a capacity of 360,000 litres, are fitted between the ends of the arms. These gondolas always weigh the same, whether or not they are carrying boats. This is because, according to Archimedes’principle of displacement, floating objects displace their own weight in water. So when a boat enters a gondola, the amount ofwater leaving the gondola weighs exactly the same as the boat. This keeps the Wheel balanced and so, despite its enormous mass, it rotates through 180°in five and a half minutes while using very little power. It takes just 1.5 kilowatt-hours (5.4 MJ) of energy to rotate the Wheel — roughly the same as boiling eight small domestic kettles of water.Boats needing to be lifted up enter the canal basin at the level of the Forth & Clyde Canal and then enter the lower gondola of the Wheel. Two hydraulic steel gates are raised, so as to seal the gondola off from the water in the canal basin. The water between the gates is then pumped out. A hydraulic clamp, which prevents the arms of the Wheel moving while the gondola is docked, is removed, allowing the Wheel to turn. In the central machine room an array of ten hydraulic motors then begins to rotate the central axle. The axle connects to the outer arms of the Wheel, which begin to rotate at a speed of 1/8 of a revolution per minute. As the wheel rotates, the gondolas are kept in the upright position by a simple gearing system. Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width, connected by two smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs — so ensuring that the gondolas always remain level. When the gondola reaches the top, the boat passes straight onto the aqueduct situated 24 metres above the canal basin.The remaining 11 metres of lift needed to reach the Union Canal is achieved by means of a pair of locks. The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals, owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD. Boats travel under this wall via a tunnel, then through the locks, and finally on to the Union Canal.Questions 14-19Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth & Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in their history.15 There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.16 The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.17 The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted together by hand.18 The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of boat being carried.19 The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a nearby ancient monument.Questions 20-26Label the diagram below.Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.How a boat is lifted on the Falkirk WheelREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Reducing the Effects of Climate ChangeMark Rowe reports on the increasingly ambitious geo-engineering projects being explored by scientistsA Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide already released into the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable. They believe that the best we can do is keep it at a reasonable level, and at present the only serious option for doing this is cutting back on our carbon emissions. But while a few countries are making major strides in this regard, the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase, let alone reversing it. Consequently, an increasing number of scientists are beginning to explore the alternative of geo-engineering — a term which generally refers to the intentional large-scale manipulation of the environment. According to its proponents, geo-engineering is the equivalent of a backup generator: if Plan A — reducing our dependency on fossil fuels — fails, we require a Plan B, employing grand schemes to slow down or reverse the process of global warming.B Geo-engineering has been shown to work, at least on a small localised scale. For decades, May Day parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds. Many of the schemes now suggested look to do the opposite, and reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the planet. The most eye-catching idea of all is suggested by Professor Roger Angel of the University of Arizona. His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth. This could, argues Angel, reduce the amount of light reaching the Earth by two per cent.C The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out — which include planting forests in deserts and depositing ironin the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae — have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth. But some look specifically at reversing the melting at the poles, particularly the Arctic. The reasoning is that if you replenish the ice sheets and frozen waters of the high latitudes, more light will be reflected back into space, so reducing the warming of the oceans and atmosphere.D The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sulphur or hydrogen sulphide aerosols so that sulphur dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming. The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5℃. Scientists have also scrutinised whether it’s possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea. Meanwhile in the Russian Arctic, geo-engineering plans include the planting of millions of birch trees. Whereas the region’s native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow. Re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say some climate scientists.E But will such schemes ever be implemented? Generally speaking, those who are most cautious about geo-engineering are the scientists involved in the research. Angel says that his plan is ‘no substitute for developing renewable energy: the only permanent solution’. And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the roleof geo-engineering: ‘I think all of us agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years. That’s certainly something to worry about.’F The US National Center for Atmospheric Research has already suggested that the proposal to inject sulphur into the atmosphere might affect rainfall patterns across the tropics and the Southern Ocean. ‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or to seed clouds would act to cool the planet, and act to increase the extent of sea ice,’ says Rasch. ‘But all the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation.’G ‘A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot”,’says Dr Dan Lunt, from the University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate. ‘You may bring global temperatures back to pre-industrial levels, but the risk is that the poles will still be warmer than they should be and the tropics will be cooler than before industrialisation.’ To avoid such a scenario, Lunt says Angel’s project would have to operate at half strength; all of which reinforces his view that the best option is to avoid the need for geo-engineering altogether.H The main reason why geo-engineering is supported by many in the scientific community is that most researchers have little faith in the ability of politicians to agree — and then bring in —the necessary carbon cuts. Even leading conservation organisations see the value of investigating the potential of geo-engineering. According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climatechange advisor for the World Wildlife Fund’s International Arctic Programme, ‘Human-induced climate change has brought humanity to a position where we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic and its possibilities.’Questions 27-29Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.27 mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon28 an example of a successful use of geo-engineering29 a common definition of geo-engineeringQuestions 30-36Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.GEO-ENGINEERING PROJECTSProcedure Aimput a large number of tiny spacecraft into orbit far above Earth to create a 30 __________ that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earthplace 31 __________ in the sea to encourage 32 __________ to formrelease aerosol sprays into the stratosphere to create 33 __________ that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth fix strong 34 __________ to Greenland ice sheets to prevent icebergs moving into the seaplant trees in Russian Arctic that would lose their leaves in winter to allow the 35 __________ to reflect radiationchange the direction of 36 __________ to bring more cold water into ice-forming areasQuestions 37-40Look at the following statements (Questions 37-40) and the list of scientists below.Match each statement with the correct scientist, A-D.Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 The effects of geo-engineering may not be long-lasting.38 Geo-engineering is a topic worth exploring.39 It may be necessary to limit the effectiveness of geo-engineering projects.40 Research into non-fossil-based fuels cannot be replaced by geo-engineering.List of ScientistsA Roger AngelB Phil RaschC Dan LuntD Martin Sommerkorn剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test1)PASSAGE 1参考译文：作物生长的“摩天大厦”到2050年，近80%的地球人口将在城市中心生活。
关于travel的雅思口语范文5篇
关于travel的雅思口语范文5篇travel是旅行的意思，在雅思口语有可能会出现这个话题的题目，下面小编给大家整理出一些关于travel的雅思口语范文，仅供参考。
travel雅思口语范文篇一：travelQ: describe your latest travel in detail. with whom?and the destination,it take u how long to get to the destination.A: Last month I went on a trip to Xi'an with my wife and my daughter.We went there by train .It took about 20 hours from Guangzhou to Xi'an, I admit that Xi'an is my hometown. I have not gone back to see my parents for 4 years, We miss my family very much. After arriving Xi'an, we visited one of the 8th wonders of the world. That is terracotta warriors. My wife and I have visited several times before. I have long wanted to show my daughter the wonder of the world. This is the first time she visited. Unfortunately she did not like them. I thought she was too young to enjoy them.She is only 12 years old.Q:describe the natrual scene.some intersting things happened during ur tavel?can u describe it for me? ur reason to travel is what?A: The terrocotta warriors is the tomb of Qinshihuang emperor about 2000 years ago ,who is the first emperor in China history. In his tomb, there are thousands of terracotta warriors and horses.These terracotta warriors are lifelike, also there are lots of ancient weapons such as swords, spears and so on. It is said that the swords are very sharp-edged now.If you visit the museum, you will find how magnificent it is.travel雅思口语范文篇二：Journey旅游Describe a long journey you enjoyed.You should saywhere you wentwhen and why you went therewhat landscapes you sawand explain why this was such an unforgettable trip.One journey I went on that was very long indeed was my trip around Europe last summer, travelling by train.I went for a whole month, going all around Europe from my home country of England east until I got to Eastern Europe, and then back in a loop to Italy. I went so I could see the rich history and culture of the continent, which was practically on my doorstep. I felt it was high time I embarked on a long trip to experience some more of the world and its people.Travelling by train I kept myself occupied by looking out of the window at the landscapes as they flashed by. The countryside was mostly fields, but once I got to the Alps then it became beautiful. There were towering cliffs of rocks with fast-flowing rivers cutting between valley walls. I could even see a castle on one of the hillsides. Each city I visited brought a new style of architecture and type of person on the street. I saw medieval cottages, baroque cathedrals and shabby, modern apartment blocks. The landscape varied with each country I came to.I’ll never forget this trip because it was the first time I was travelling without a home base. I went with a good friend and we spent a lot of time together. We had memorable conversations on the long train journeys about live, society, religion... all very deep stuff. I also had the chance to see some of the world’s most famous sights like the Eiffel T ower and the Dom cathedral in Cologne. It was fascinating waking up on a moving trainknowing that the next stop I got off at was going to present me with a whole new country with many surprises. It was a unique experience.travel雅思口语范文篇三：Travel by planeDescribe a person who likes to travel by planeYou should say:Who this person isHow you know this personWhere this person travels toand explain why this person likes to travel by plane.I would like to say something about my teacher whose name is Simon. He is responsible for recruiting international students for my university, which is why he has to fly a lot to foreign countries to promote my university and give interviews. The places that he visits frequently are England and Canada because students from these two countries are particularly interested in learning Chinese in China. I think he enjoys the travel because he once told me that sometimes some unexpected but wonderful things would happen during the flight. For example, there was a time when he had to travel to Leeds, a city in England. In the airport he lost his wallet. He was desperate to search for it but the boarding time was quite limited. Surprisingly, he finally found his wallet as a cleaner found the wallet under the chair where he sat. He told me that he was quite grateful at that moment.travel雅思口语范文篇四：有趣的旅程1.Have you ever shared this traveling experience with your friends?2.What do you need to prepare when you travel to a place far away?3.What choices would young people make when it comes totravel?4.What problems do you think will happen in a long journey?5.How can people make the long journey comfortable?6.Do most people like to travel with someone or travel alone?7.Where do Chinese people like to travel to most?8.Do you prefer to travel in your own country or travel abroad?1.Yes, I like sharing my traveling experience with friends on websites. There’s a website named Nations Worldwide, which allow users become friends and create groups to share their traveling experience. Sometimes I create a personal travel map and share it on social media, such as on micro-blog. I also post photos and videos on the websites, and add friends, family members and fellow travelers to network with. I think sharing experiences is one of the most valuable things in life.2.Wel l, if I’m not familiar with this place, I’ll read up on where I’m going on the map and make a list of the places that most interest me. Since it’s a long journey, I think safety is the first priority. I may contact a local travel agency and arrange accommo dation in advance. I’m always practical when I pack, so I just take money, medicines, comfy shoes and clothes that I can mix and match. In this way, I can travel lighter, if I need something else, I’ll buy it on the journey.3.of them. I’m independent-minded and I like doing ventures sometimes. I have travelled to South Korea, Bali on my own, and currently driving around Australia on my own.4.Lots of problems could occur in one’s trip. One of the biggest problem is the cancellation of air service or delay which completely interrupt the trip. Also, personal problems like getting sick also need to be considered. Infection is very common due toblend food that is out of our eating habits. If people travel to some tropical countries, they may suffer from virus infections, and mosquitos also generate diseases.5.My advice is to take less luggage. Well-prepared and travelling light will make the trip be a rewarding delight. So every time I take a long journey, I only take a change of clothes, a camera and enough money. In terms of accommodation condition, I don’t care too much about it, but there should be at least a comfortable, clean bed.6.I think most people like to travel with a companion. People always have someone to talk to if they travel in a group. They can share food, clothing, accommodations, and they will also have someone to share their memories with. What’s more, people may forge a life-long friendship with their travel companions.7.I think Chinese people want to go abroad for the same reasons anyone would: so see a new country and experience a different culture. They may also want to see what other people think about China. There aren’t many foreigners living within China so it can be fine to find one to talk to. The Olympic Games recently exposed many Chinese people to the international community; they may have a new taste for international travel as well. Another reason may be to improve their English or to study at a foreign university. There are thousands of Chinese students studying for a degree or enrolled at language schools all across Europe and North America.8.I prefer travelling domestically. Because I think it’s usually more expensive to travel abroad than travel domestically. The plane tickets and accommodation can cost a lot of money. The second reason could be that I find it stressful to travel in a foreign country where I can neither understand the local language noreasily integrate with the locals. Considering these reasons, I choose to travel domestically since I can also enjoy a wonderful time and go to more places with less money.travel雅思口语范文篇五1. Do you like travelling?You bet! I am a big fan of travelling around. I spend months all together each year to go somewhere else. I feel that it’s not only an indispensable part of my life, but also can culture my mental development.2. In which seasons do you prefer to travel?I guess the autumn is the best time to travel, as it is neither too hot nor too cold, people will feel comfortable to go out. Besides, as the foliage of trees will turn yellow or red, you will find the picturesque views all around you. Wherever you go, you will experience a memorable trip.3. Would you say your country is a good place for travellers to visit?Yes, Chinese people are renowned for their hospitality to visitors. And there are also numerous tourist attractions around the country. For instance, you can visit the natural landscape to see the picturesque views, or you can go to the historical relics to know the events through the long Chinese history, or you can just stay at the metropolises to experience the local people’s lifestyle.Q: describe your latest travel in detail. with whom?and the destination,it take u how long to get to the destination.A: Last month I went on a trip to Xi'an with my wife and my daughter.We went there by train .It took about 20 hours from Guangzhou to Xi'an, I admit that Xi'an is my hometown. I havenot gone back to see my parents for 4 years, We miss my family very much. After arriving Xi'an, we visited one of the 8th wonders of the world. That is terracotta warriors. My wife and I have visited several times before. I have long wanted to show my daughter the wonder of the world. This is the first time she visited. Unfortunately she did not like them. I thought she was too young to enjoy them.She is only 12 years old.Q:describe the natrual scene.some intersting things happened during ur tavel?can u describe it for me? ur reason to travel is what?A: The terrocotta warriors is the tomb of Qinshihuang emperor about 2000 years ago ,who is the first emperor in China history. In his tomb, there are thousands of terracotta warriors and horses.These terracotta warriors are lifelike, also there are lots of ancient weapons such as swords, spears and so on. It is said that the swords are very sharp-edged now.If you visit the museum, you will find how magnificent it is.。
Unit 11 Travel
Unit 11 Travel
Part 2 Passage 奥克兰 Language points and structures 1. Combine v. 结合，联合 常用结构是 combine A with B
combine: 指的是两种事物共存或两种事物融为一体。 integrate：意为“统一、融合”，指的是两中事物建立紧密联系或成 为一
14. Head v.: move in the direction indicated
head southຫໍສະໝຸດ head for home
15. Come join=come and join quickly let go, make do with 16. Relax and have fun: 放松一下，找点乐趣
10. Make your way for: head for; go to 11. Originally adv. 最初，原先 12. Transform v.转换，改造 常用结构是 transform …into …
13. Take one’s time ( in) doing sth.=spend one’s time in doing sth( on sth)
Had you worked harder, you wouldn’t have failed the exam. ❖ 一些让步状语从句中，也可使用部分倒装
Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door. 某些副词或状语也能引导倒装句，例如： ❖ 一 些 否 定 词 放 在 句 首 ， 句 子 常 倒 装 ， 这 些 词 包 括 ： never,
Unit 11 Travel
9. The tower’s newest attraction is a guided climb up a unique ladder
雅思口语 travel
雅思口语考试中，关于“Travel”的话题是一个比较常见和重要的主题。
以下是一些相关的口语练习题目和答案，以供参考：1.Do you like to travel?•答案示例：Yes, I really enjoy traveling. It allows me to broaden my horizons, experience different cultures and landscapes, and take a break from the routine of daily life.1.What is your favorite type of travel?•答案示例：I really enjoy both城市旅行和乡村旅行. 城市旅行provides me with the opportunity to experience the hustle and bustle of urban life, while乡村旅行allows me to disconnect from civilization and immerse myself in nature.1.What is the most memorable place you have ever visited?•答案示例：The most memorable place I have ever visited is 巴黎. The city has so much history, and there is always something to see or do there.I particularly enjoyed参观埃菲尔铁塔和卢浮宫, and I also really enjoyed thenightlife there.1.Have you ever been on a group tour?•答案示例：Yes, I have been on a group tour a few times. I usually enjoy the experience because it provides the opportunity to meet new people and experience things that I might not be able to do on my own. However, sometimes it can be a bit overwhelming because there are a lot of people to keep up with.1.Have you ever been on a cruise?•答案示例：Yes, I have been on a cruise a few times and always enjoyed the experience. Cruises provide an opportunity to visit multiple destinations without having to worry about planning each individual stop. Plus, there is always something to do on board the ship, whether it is taking a dance class or enjoying the casino.。
剑桥雅思阅读11真题及答案解析(test3)
剑桥雅思阅读11真题及答案解析(test3)剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test3)1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE STORY OF SILKThe history of the world’s most lu某urious fabric, from ancient China to the present daySilk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons — soft protective shells — that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms. One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband’s gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsiblefor the destruction of several mulberry trees. She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread. Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees. She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric. While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known thatsilk cultivation has e某isted in China for several millennia.Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving. Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally,only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk. The rules were gradually rela某ed over the years until finally during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear silk. Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency. Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and farmers paid their ta某es in grain and silk. Silk was also used as diplomatic gifts by the emperor. Fishing lines, bowstrings, musical instruments and paper were all made using silk. The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.Demand for this e某otic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East. It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold. The Silk Road stretched over 6,000 kilometres from Eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, following the Great Wall of China, climbing the Pamir mountain range, crossing modern-day Afghanistan and going on to the Middle East, with a major trading market in Damascus. From there, the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea. Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen.With the mulberry silkworm being native to China, the country was the world’s sole producer of silk for many hundreds of years. The secret of silk-making eventually reached the rest of the world via the Byzantine Empire, which ruled over the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the period 330-1453 AD. According to another legend, monks working for theByzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes. The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly. Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificentsilks in the process. Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these lands. Andalusia in southern Spain was Europe’s main silk-producing centre in the tenth century. By the thirteenth century, however, Italy had become Europe’s leader in silk production and e某port. Venetian merchants traded e某tensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy. Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk industry. Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the trend. Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and parachutes. The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry. After the Second World War, Japan’s silk production was restored, with improved production and quality of raw silk. Japan was to remain the world’s biggest producer of raw silk, and practically the only major e某porter of raw silk, until the 1970s. However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world’s biggest producer and e某porter of raw silk and silk yarn. Today, around125,000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in China.Questions 1-9Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo某es 1-9 on your answer sheet.THE STORY OF SILKEarly silk production in ChinaAround 3000 BC, according to legend:- silkworm cocoon fell into emperor’s wife’s 1 __________- emperor’s wife invented a 2 __________ to pull out silk fibres Only 3 __________ were allowed to produce silkOnly 4 __________ were allowed to wear silkSilk used as a form of 5 __________- e.g. farmers’ ta某es consisted partly of silkSilk used for many purposes- e.g. evidence found of 6 __________ made from silk around 168 ADSilk reaches rest of worldMerchants use Silk Road to take silk westward and bring back 7__________ and precious metals550 AD: 8 __________ hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them to ConstantinopleSilk production spreads across Middle East and Europe20th century: 9 __________ and other manmade fibres cause decline in silk productionQuestions 10-13Do the following statements agree with the information in ReadingPassage 1?In bo某es 10-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this10 Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk Road.11 Most tradesmen only went along certain sections of the Silk Road.12 The Byzantines spread the practice of silk production across the West.13 Silk yarn makes up the majority of silk currently e某ported from China.2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Great MigrationsAnimal migration, however it is defined, is far more than just the movement of animals. It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals ?— often in an annual cycle — that may involve many members of a species, and is rewarded only after a long journey. It suggests inherited instinct. The biologist Hugh Dingle has identified five characteristics that apply, in varying degrees and combinations, to all migrations. They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy; they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) and arrival; they demand special allocations of energy. And one more: migrating animals maintain anintense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the e某treme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher’s boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on. Why? The arctic tern resists distraction because it is driven at that moment by an instinctive sense of something we humans find admirable: larger purpose. In other words, it is determined to reach its destination. The bird senses that it can eat, rest and mate later. Right now it is totally focused on the journey; its undivided intent is arrival.Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have converged, will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear offspring.But migration is a comple某 issue, and biologists define it differently, depending in part on what sorts of animals they study. Joe! Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition suited to his beasts: ‘movements from a seasonal home area away to another home area and back again’. Generally the reason for such seasonal back-and-forth movement is to seek resources that aren’t available within a single area year-round.But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean —upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators —can also be considered migration. So can the movement of aphids when, having depleted the young leaves on one food plant, their offspring then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever returning to where it started.Dingle is an evolutionary biologist who studies insects. His definition is more intricate than Berger’s, citing those five features that distinguish migration from other forms of movement. They allow for the fact that, for e某ample, aphids will becomesensi tive to blue light (from the sky) when it’s time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it’s appropriate to land. Birds willfatten themselves with heavy feeding in advance of a long migrational flight. The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.Human behaviour, however, is having a detrimental impact on animal migration. The pronghorn, which resembles an antelope, though they are unrelated, is the fastest land mammal of the New World. One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains. Here they wait out the frozen months, feeding mainly on sagebrush blown clear of snow. These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks. If they can’t pass through each of the three during their spring migration, they can’t reach theirbounty of summer grazing; if they can’t pass through again in autumn, escaping south onto those windblown plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep snow. Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, traverse high, open shoulders of land, where they can see and run. At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private homes. Increasing development is leading toward a crisis for the pronghorn, threatening to choke off their passageway.Conservation scientists, along with some biologists and land managers within the USA’s National Park Service and other agencies, are now working to preserve migrational behaviours, not just species and habitats. A National Forest has recognised the path of the pronghorn, much of which passes across its land, as a protected migration corridor. But neither the Forest Service nor the Park Service can control what happens on private land at a bottleneck. And with certain other migrating species, the challenge is complicated further — by vastly greater distances traversed, more jurisdictions, more borders, more dangers along the way. We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while longer.Questions 14-18Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In bo某es 14-18 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 Local gulls and migrating arctic terns behave in the same way when offered food.15 E某perts’ definitions of migration tend to vary according t o their area of study.16 Very few e某perts agree that the movement of aphids can be considered migration.17 Aphids’ journeys are affected by changes in the light that they perceive.18 Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.Questions 19-22Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in bo某es 19-22 on your answer sheet.19 According to Dingle, migratory routes are likely to20 To prepare for migration, animals are likely to21 During migration, animals are unlikely to22 Arctic terns illustrate migrating animals’ ability toA be discouraged by difficulties.B travel on open land where they can look out for predators.C eat more than they need for immediate purposes.D be repeated daily.E ignore distractions.F be governed by the availability of water.G follow a straight line.Questions 23-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo某es 23-26 on your answer sheet.The migration of pronghornsPronghorns rely on their eyesight and 23 __________ to avoid predators. One particular population’s summer habitat is a national park, and their winter home is on the 24 __________, where they go to avoid the danger presented by the snow at that time of year. However, their route between these two areas contains three 25 __________. One problem is the construction of new homes in a narrow 26 __________ of land on the pronghorns’ route.3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Preface to ‘How the other half thinks: Adventures inm athematical reasoning’A Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts — parts so simple a beginner could play them. So it is with mathematics as well. There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge, not even on algebra, geometry, or trigonometry. Instead they may involve, at most, a little arithmetic, such as ‘the sum of two odd numbers is even’, and common sense. Each of the eight chapters in this book illustrates this phenomenon. Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning.The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and sometimes not even that. Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical e某perience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking.B One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of thinking. I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries, but, more importantly, the reasoning behind them.In that respect, this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public. Some present the lives of colorful mathematicians. Others describe important applications of mathematics. Yet others go into mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.C I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain (analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role. The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone, in part because each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the brain. To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural engineer who is an artist, anelectrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publishes short stories.D Other scientists have written books to e某plain their fields to non-scientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories. The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant, since the appropriate language for describing thedetails in much of science is mathematics, whether the subject is e某panding universe, subatomic particles, or chromosomes. Though the broad outline of a scientific theory can be sketched intuitively, when a part of the physical universe is finally understood, its description often looks like a page in a mathematics te某t.E Still, the non-mathematical reader can go far in understanding mathematical reasoning. This book presents the details thatillustrate the mathematical style of thinking, which involves sustained, step-by-step analysis, e某periments, and insights. You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper. It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out e某periments.F As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the book.This book also serves readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills. Many careers, such as law and medicine, require e 某tended, precise analysis. Each chapter offers practice infollowing a sustained and closely argued line of thought. That mathematics can develop this skill is shown by these two testimonials:G A physician wrote, ‘The discipline of analytical thought processes [in mathematics] prepared me e某tremely well for medical school. In medicine one is faced with a problem which must be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be found. The process is similar to doing mathematics.’A lawyer made the same point, ‘Although I had no background in law — not even one political science course — I did well at one ofthe best law schools. I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated principles. Lawyers who have studied mathematics can master the legal principles in a way that most others cannot.’I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple, evenna?ve, questions lead to remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated applications.Questions 27-34Reading Passage 3 has seven sections, A-G.Which section contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in bo某es 27-34 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge28 the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics29 personal e某amples of being helped by mathematics30 e某amples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatible31 mention of different focuses of books about mathematics32 a contrast between reading this book and reading other kinds of publication33 a claim that the whole of the book is accessible to everybody34 a reference to different categories of intended readers ofthis bookQuestions 35-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo某es 35-40 on your answer sheet.35 Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone who is a __________.36 It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using no more than a limited knowledge of __________.37 The writer intends to show that mathematics requires__________ thinking, as well as analytical skills.38 Some books written by __________ have had to leave out the mathematics that is central to their theories.39 The writer advises non-mathematical readers to perform__________ while reading the book.40 A lawyer found that studying __________ helped even more than other areas of mathematics in the study of law.剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test3)1 参考译文：丝绸的故事世上最昂贵奢华织物的历史，从古代中国直到今天丝绸是种细软、光滑的布料，产自桑蚕(该昆虫的幼体形态)制作出的蚕茧——即其柔软的保护性外壳。
雅思作文travel abroad
雅思作文travel abroadTraveling abroad is a common dream for many people. The opportunity to explore new cultures, meet new people, and experience different ways of life is incredibly appealing. However, there are also a number of challenges and potential problems that can arise when traveling abroad. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of traveling abroad, including the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions to common problems.One of the most obvious benefits of traveling abroad is the opportunity to experience new cultures. This can be incredibly enriching and can broaden one's perspective on the world. By immersing oneself in a different culture, one cangain a deeper understanding of the world and the people who inhabit it. This can lead to personal growth and a greater appreciation for diversity.Another benefit of traveling abroad is the opportunity to meet new people. Whether it's making friends with locals or connecting with other travelers, the social aspect of travel can be incredibly rewarding. Meeting people from different backgrounds and learning from their experiences can be a truly eye-opening experience.However, traveling abroad also comes with its fair share of challenges. One of the most common problems that travelers encounter is the language barrier. Not being able to communicate effectively can be frustrating and can make simple tasks, such as ordering food or asking for directions, much more difficult. This can lead to feelings of isolation and can detract from the overall experience of traveling.Another potential problem when traveling abroad is culture shock. Adjusting to a new way of life, different customs, and unfamiliar social norms can be overwhelming for some people. This can lead to feelings of anxiety and discomfort, and can make it difficult to fully enjoy the experience of being in a new place.Additionally, there are practical challenges that can arise when traveling abroad, such as navigating public transportation, dealing with currency exchange,and understanding local laws and regulations. These challenges can be daunting, especially for first-time travelers, and can add an extra layer of stress to the experience.Despite these challenges, there are a number of potential solutions to the problems that can arise when traveling abroad. One of the most effective ways to overcome the language barrier is to learn some basic phrases in the local language before traveling. This can make a big difference in terms of being able to communicate with locals and can show a level of respect for their culture.In terms of culture shock, it can be helpful to do some research about the place you will be visiting before you go. Understanding the local customs and social norms can help to prepare you for the differences you may encounter, and can make the adjustment process a bit smoother.When it comes to practical challenges, such as navigating publictransportation or dealing with currency exchange, it can be helpful to plan ahead and do some research. There are often resources available for travelers, such as guidebooks and online forums, that can provide valuable information and tips for navigating these practical challenges.In conclusion, while traveling abroad can be incredibly rewarding, it also comes with its fair share of challenges. From the language barrier to culture shock to practical challenges, there are a number of potential problems that can arise. However, with some preparation and a willingness to adapt, these challenges can be overcome. The benefits of traveling abroad, such as experiencing new cultures and meeting new people, far outweigh the potential problems, and can lead to a truly transformative experience.。
入门英语口语教程Unit 11 Travel旅行
入门英语口语教程Unit 11 Travel旅行随着人们生活水平的提高，旅行已经变成我们生活的一部分了。
第11单元：旅行英语情景对话Unit 11 Travelkey words and phrasestraveltrainplanecheapsafeConversation 1A:Do you like traveling by train or by plane?B:I think I prefer trian.It's cheaper and safer.key words and phrasescalltaxirankConversation 2Paula:Where can I call a taxi?Zhu wei:There's a taxi rank over there,right outside the gate.key words and phrasesget aroundanywheresubwayexpensivecrowdedConversation 3Yang:Is this your first time visiting Beijing?Paula:Yes,is it easy to get around?Yang:I think so.You can get anywhere by bus and the taxi is not very expensive. Paula:How about the subway?Yang:It's also convenient,but It's usually crowded.V ocabularyhiremissremindrunstationAdditional useful expressionsWhat's the best way to get around?Dose this bus go to the Summer Palace?How ofen does the bus run?Would you tell me where to get off?Will you remind me when we get there?Where can I hire a car?You are going the wrong way.You have missed your stop.The subway station is just around the corner.。
the future of travel雅思阅读
the future of travel雅思阅读The future of travel is an engaging and dynamic topic that has garnered much attention in recent times. With technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and global issues like climate change, the way we travel is bound to undergo significant transformations. In this IELTS reading piece, we will explore some of the potential future changes and trends in the travel industry.One of the key factors shaping the future of travel is technology. The advent of the internet and smartphones has already brought about substantial changes in the way people plan and experience their trips. In the future, further advancements in technology, such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence, will undoubtedly revolutionize the way we travel. For instance, virtual reality may allow people to explore destinations and attractions from the comfort of their own homes before deciding to travel. Similarly,AI-powered travel assistants may become commonplace, providing personalized recommendations and assistance throughout the journey.Another important aspect to consider is sustainability and the impact of travel on the environment. With increasing concerns about climate change, travelers and travel companies are becoming more aware of the need to reduce their carbon footprint. In the future, we can expect to see a greater emphasis on eco-friendly modes of transportation, such as electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles, and a growing trend towards sustainable tourism practices. Additionally, travelers may opt for "slow travel" options, such as train or bike journeys, which have a lower environmentalimpact and provide a more immersive experience.The concept of travel itself may also undergo transformations. As we become more connected globally, cultural exchange and immersion will play a key role in travel experiences. In the future, travelers may seek more authentic and meaningful interactions with local communities, aiming to understand and appreciate different cultures. This could lead to a rise in community-based tourism initiatives, where tourists actively participate in local activities and contribute to community development.Furthermore, the future of travel might see a shift towards personalized and customized experiences. With the help of big data and analytics, travel providers can understand the individual preferences and interests of travelers, offering them tailored itineraries and experiences. This could range from personalized travel suggestions based on previous travel history to creating unique travel packages designed specifically for an individual or a group's interests.In conclusion, the future of travel promises exciting advancements and changes. Technology will continue to shape the industry, providing innovative ways to plan and experience trips. Sustainability will be a key consideration, leading to eco-friendly transportation and practices. Cultural immersion and personalization will also become more prevalent, enabling travelers to have more meaningful and individualized experiences. It is up to travel companies and travelers themselves to embrace these future trends and ensure that travel remains an enriching and sustainable activity.。
雅思阅读
1.Tourism, holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have considered.观光业，假日发展和旅游是这段时间里更重要的社会现象与大部分观察员认为的相比。
2.On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book.表面上它不是一个重要的主题。
3.And indeed since social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics such as work or politics it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking.但实际上自从社会科学家在相当困难的说明重要话题类似：工作或政策可能被想成他们要有更大的困难在说明价值不高的现象例如：假日发展。
4.However there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance.然而这有一些有趣的和异常行为研究的类似。
5.This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others.这些包括对奇异和那些发生在一些小社会但是不是在其他小社会中不必要的被定义为不正常特殊的社会惯例的研究。
travel boos雅思阅读答案解析
travel boos雅思阅读答案解析Questions 36-40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet36 Why did some people travel in the early days?A. to do research on themselvesB. to write travel booksC. to have a better understanding of other people and placesD. to study local culture37 The travelers' accounts arc a mirror to themselves,A. because they help them to be aware of local histories.B. because travelers are curious about the world.C. because travelers could do more research on the unknown.D. because they reflect the writers' own experience and social life.38 Most of the people who went to holy sites during the early part of postclassical era areA. Europeans.B. Muslim and East Asians.C. Americans.D. Greeks.39 During the early modern era, a large number of travelbooks were publishedA. to provide what the public wants.B. to encourage the public's feedback.C. to gain profit.D. to prompt trips to the new world.40 What stimulated the market for traveling in the 20th centuryA. the wealthyB. travel booksC. delicious foodD. mass transport文章题目：Travel Accounts篇章结构体裁说明文题目旅行游记结构A段：概括人们旅行的多种原因以及旅行游记的作用B段：古典社会时期大帝国形成后，游记成为一些地区著名的文学流派C段：后古典主义时期，贸易和朝圣成为旅行的主要原因D段：12世纪后，中世纪欧洲商人，传教士和朝圣者开始大规模游历并寻找更多商业机会E段：近现代初期，欧洲人为旅行主导群体并出版大量游记F段：19世纪，欧洲创作新一轮游记，并以其军事和科技实力吸引亚洲游客前去旅行学习G段：20世纪新型旅游蓬勃发展，奇特旅行游记---旅游指南出现，同时，民族意识增强试题分析Question 28-35题目类型：Complete the table below题号定位词文中对应点题目解析28ClassicalHerodotusB段第3句这道题需要找出历史人物旅行的目的，那么只要对应到相应的人物，找出对人物的描述，就可以找到答案。
雅思阅读真题解析与答案2023年
雅思阅读真题解析与答案2023年雅思（IELTS）阅读考试是国际英语语言测试系统的一部分，用于评估考生在阅读理解方面的能力。
考生在备考过程中，需要熟悉真题，并进行解析和答案的掌握。
本文将为大家提供2023年雅思阅读真题解析与答案。
第一篇真题及答案解析：文章主题：环境保护题目：Environmentally Friendly Travel Options原文摘录：In recent years, many people have become more aware ofthe negative impact of air travel on the environment. As a result, individuals and organizations have been looking for alternative, environmentallyfriendly travel options. One such option gaining popularity is train travel.答案解析：这篇文章主要讨论了环境友好型旅行方式，解决了人们对空中旅行对环境的负面影响的担忧。
其中提到铁路旅行作为一种环境友好型的旅行方式备受青睐。
第二篇真题及答案解析：文章主题：社会问题题目：The Impact of Social Media原文摘录：Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and connect with others. However, it also has its downsides. One majorimpact of social media is the increased feeling of isolation and loneliness among individuals.答案解析：这篇文章主要探讨了社交媒体的影响。
雅思考试阅读理解范文
雅思考试阅读理解范文雅思考试是国际英语语言测试系统（International English Language Testing System）的简称，广泛应用于世界各地的大学和移民机构。
其中，阅读理解是考试的一个重要部分，考察考生对英文文章的理解和分析能力。
下面将为大家提供一篇适用于雅思考试阅读理解的范文，帮助考生更好地备考。
Travel Destinations for Nature LoversIn recent years, eco-tourism has become increasingly popular as people are more aware of the importance of protecting the environment. For nature lovers who seek to appreciate the beauty of untouched natural landscapes, here are three travel destinations recommended for you.Destination 1: The Galapagos IslandsLocated off the western coast of South America, the Galapagos Islands are famous for their unique and diverse ecosystems. With its stunning volcanic landscapes, crystal-clear waters, and diverse wildlife, the Galapagos Islands have long been a paradise for nature enthusiasts. Visitors can explore the islands by boat, snorkeling or diving, and observe the famous Galapagos tortoises, sea lions, and marine iguanas. The Galapagos Islands offer a once-in-a-lifetime experience for those who are passionate about nature and conservation.Destination 2: Banff National Park, CanadaNestled in the heart of the Canadian Rockies, Banff National Park is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts. Known for its breathtaking mountain scenery,emerald lakes, and abundant wildlife, Banff offers endless opportunities for hiking, camping, and wildlife spotting. Visitors can explore the famous Lake Louise, hike to the stunning Moraine Lake, or take a scenic drive along the Icefields Parkway. Banff National Park provides a tranquil escape for those who want to immerse themselves in the beauty of nature.Destination 3: The Amazon Rainforest, BrazilCovering a vast area in South America, the Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world. It is home to an incredible array of plant and animal species, many of which cannot be found anywhere else on Earth. Exploring the Amazon Rainforest offers a unique chance to witness the wonders of biodiversity and learn about the delicate balance of nature. From guided jungle tours to river cruises, visitors can discover the rich flora and fauna while experiencing the local indigenous cultures. The Amazon Rainforest is truly a treasure trove for nature lovers and adventure seekers.In conclusion, these three travel destinations – the Galapagos Islands, Banff National Park, and the Amazon Rainforest – offer unparalleled experiences for nature lovers. Whether you are fascinated by wildlife, majestic mountains, or lush rainforests, these destinations provide opportunities to appreciate and protect our natural world. So, pack your bags, grab your camera, and embark on a journey of discovery and wonder!。
unit11 《新编旅游英语》PPT课件
• Text B Travel Agency Organizations
NOTES
World Association of Travel Agents 世界旅游代理商协会 Certified Travel Counselor 持有证书的旅游顾问 Association of British Travel Agents 英国旅游代理商协会（ABTA） 是英国旅行社的商业性组织，成立于1950。 2005年, 它已拥有6 310个旅行社会员，1 052 个旅游承包商。
Unit Eleven
Text A Types of Travel Agencies Text B Travel Agency Organizations
Supplementary Reading The World Tourism Organization
• Text A Types of Travel Agencies
复活节岛呈三角形，每个角上都有曾经喷发过的火山。 复活节岛上最著名的是巨大的石雕像，已发现的约有 1 000尊。专家们推测，这些巨大石雕大概在远古时代就 存在了。
• Text A Types of Travel Agencies
Notes adventure travel冒险旅游：冒险旅游迎合越来越多的游 客热衷于户外冒险的心理，因此冒险旅游市场已经超越休 闲旅游，迅速拓展。冒险旅游名目繁多，既有艰苦的登山、 配备仪器的潜水等“硬”活动，又有野外观鸟、海上捕鲸 等“软”活动。专家认为冒险旅游正在成为一种趋势，它 吸引游客逗留更长的时间。
Other types of travel agencies are willing to adapt travel plans to the needs and abilities of physically handicapped people if they are told specifically what is needed. 还有另外一些旅行社愿意根据残疾者的特殊要 求和能力变更旅游计划。
travel 旅游以及国际之间理解的意义 雅思英语范文
Does travel help to promote understanding and communication between countries?Most people would agree that travel broadens the mind. Surely, visiting new places and meeting new people helps us to understand how others live? However, the history of travel has taught us that many misunderstandings and tragedies can occur when different societies meet. In this essay, I will discuss whether travel contributes to mutual respect and understanding.The issue is probably not travel itself, but the purpose of travel. There are many motivations for travel. It can be to learn, as in a religious pilgrimage, a personal journey, or an expedition. Millions of Muslims meet on Haj each year, and are reminded of the scale and diversity of the faith. Exploration of remote jungles or islands has given us an appreciation of cultures very different from ours. Even the modern traveler, flying in hours from China to Australia or from France to Thailand, glimpses different ways of life and different histories.However, travel is not always so innocent. Trade, for example, can begin as an equal exchange of crafts or commodities between small groups of traders, but it can also become the basis for massiveexploitation, colonization or even extermination. If one group believes its cultural values, religion, or society are superior to the other’s, then friction or resentment can grow into conflict. And too often, travel is undertaken with no desire to meet or learn from the host country’s people: it is simply a change of scene or temperature. Such travel actually sets out to minimize all contact with the culture of the host country and instead surrounds itself with the food, drink and entertainment of its own.In conclusion, while it might seem that travel can contribute to understanding, it depends on the intention of the traveler and the attitude of the host. Just because travel is easier than ever before does not mean we should bring our prejudices with us on the plane.旅行是否有助于促进国家之间的了解和交流？大多数人都会同意旅行可以开阔视野。
雅思口语Part1真题答案范文：Travel 旅行.doc
雅思口语Part1真题答案范文：Travel 旅行旅行/旅游是一个非常常见的雅思口语考题，几乎贯穿了整个雅思口语Part one/two/three的部分。
该题目由于非常贴近生活，而且也是我们英文学习中比较熟知的一块主题，因此难度系数适中。
在备考的过程中可以多多让自己开口练习，减少默读的次数，这是提高口语的必备方法之一。
可以先看着题目，用纸遮住的原创答案范文，多给自己几遍口头即兴回答的机会，你会发现效果会很不错。
What kind of cities do you like to travel to? 你喜欢去什么样的城市旅游？Well, I enjoy traveling to varies kinds of cities. Generally, I love to travel to some exotic cities because they are good places for me to know about different cultures. Plus, I’m also into cities that have a good sanitary condition. I just can’t stand people liter around in the city.我喜欢各种各样的城市。
整体来说，我喜欢去一些比较异域的城市，因为他们是了解不同文化的好地方。
另外，我也很喜欢一些卫生条件不错的城市。
我忍受不了人们在城市里头乱扔垃圾。
Do you like traveling? 你喜欢旅游吗？Yes, I do. Traveling is part of my life. It’s not an escape from my busy life in the city but also enables me to discover and appreciate the diversity of this world. This article is from Laokaoya website. I’ve always felt that traveling is another way of receiving an education, and it’s more authentic!是的，我喜欢。
雅思阅读UNIT-11-Travel
UNIT 11 TravelW a r m u p -T h i n k i n g a b o u t t h e T o p i cLook at these photos. Talk about them with your partner.1 What sort of places are these?2 Try to identify them and name the countrieswhere they can be found.3 Which is the most recent one?4 Now, work together with a partner to make some sentences about the images.Beginning to ReadScanning for Specific InformationThe Weird and the Wonderful - That's Tourism!The Beijing Olympics started on 08.08.08, but on 07.07.07 there was an event of almost equal importance, On that earlier date, the new Seven Wonders of the World were announced. These replaced most of the original ancient ones, although Egypt's Pyramids were given an honorary place. The final revised list included the ancient stone city of Petra in Jordan and the ruined city of Machu Picchu in Peru. Italy's Colosseum, India's Taj Mahal and Mexico's Chichen Itza were three magnificent buildings that were included, and Brazil's towering statue of Christ the Redeemer, which was only built in 1931, joined the older members of the list. And, needless to say, the updated list would have been incomplete without the inc1usion of China's Great Wall, which was built to defend the country from invaders.Those sites, are very popular, and people travel from all over the world to view them, but other than looking at them, there's very little else to do. Tourist companies in cities, towns or villages want to get people to come and have a good time and spend their money, so they have to dream up ways of attracting the tourists. Then they have to keep them there by providing them with something different, exciting or even downright dangerous to do; the trick, though, is to think of something unique.ABThat could be something like New Zealand's original bungy jumping, for example, where a stretchy rope is tied around your ankles and you jump from a great height, stopping (hopefully) just before the ground. Or it could be dragon boat races, for instance, which take place in China each year on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. If you say bungy, people immediately think of New Zealand, and if you say dragon boat, people at once think of China, but you can do bungy jumps in other parts of the world, and you can see dragon boat racing in Singapore or other places overseas.Big cities usually have many attractions to keep tourists happy, but smaller towns or villages find it difficult and they sometimes struggle. Some fail, but others manage to put themselves on the map and attract large numbers of visitors. They do this by organizing events that are not available anywhere else in the whole wide world. Take Cooper's Hill in England for instance: they roll a large cheese down a steep hill and hundreds of people chase after it. Many fall and are hurt, but the last person standing at the bottom of the hill can keep the cheese.A similar downhill event takes place in Suwa, Japan, where men only sit on a huge log, one behind the other, and try to ride it down a steep hill without falling off and being injured or worse. Why do they do it? Other than the sense of pride and relief at making it to the bottom of the hill in one piece, there is no prize, no money, nothing. Or take the town of Sonkajarvi in Finland; it organises a yearly wife-carrying competition in which the man must carry the woman and run along the ground and through water. The first couple to cross the winning line get the prize ... the wife's weight in beer!Then there's Bunol, Spain. On the last Wednesday in August, they have a food fight. It's called La Tomatina, and up to 40,000 people can gather in the streets and throw ripe tomatoes at each other. As you can imagine, it's very, very messy, but great fun. Another fun festival which is just as messy, if not messier, occurs every summer in Boryeong, South Korea. During the annual Mud Festival, people, especially foreigners, let their hair down and play and wrestle in the mud. Most of these events, apart from the Finnish one, which has been imitated elsewhere, are truly unique because they can't be found anywhere else in the world.From a tourism provider's point of view, tourism is all about how to attract people to your area, and then keep them there long enough to spend money. There needs to be a 'point of difference', something that makes your site, festival or attraction really stand out in a crowded market. Some places are lucky enough to have one of the great wonders of the world. Others have a special annual festival or event which is too good to be missed. The rest have to rely on spectacular scenery, seasonal conditions, such as winter snow, or unique activities and adventure sports to keep the flow of tourists rolling in.5 Quickly SCAN the first paragraph of the reading passage and fill in the details of the man-made structures in the table below.Country Wonder Type of StructureCD E FGSkimming to Summarise the Main Idea6 Look at the FIRST sentence of each paragraph, and then work with a partner to complete a brief summary of this reading passage. Speak, do not write.This passage is about ... and about... It gives examples of. ..Understanding Idiomatic Language7 Complete the following prepositional phrases, using the prepositions given below.a. dream ______ e. needless_________ sayb. _______example f. _________oncec. _______instance g. _________one pieced. let your hair________ h. put __________the map8 What do the prepositional phrases mean? Match these meanings with the phrases above, by writing the letters a - h in the gaps below. I . ____________immediatelyII. _____________make somewhere famous III. ____________of courseIV . _____________relax and have a good timeV . ______________something which shows what you are talking about (2 phrases) VI. _____________to think of something new VII. ____________unhurt, not damagedIELTS Type Questions: Reading for Details and for MainMultiple ChoiceCircle the correct letter.Some questions may have MORE THAN ONE correct answer; andthis will be indicated in the instructions.1) The announcement made on 07.07.07 wasa) the date for the Beijing Olympics.b) the modern Seven Wonders of the World. c) the original Seven Wonders of the World. d ) all of the above.2) The Pyramids in Egypt area) first on the new list.b) only included on the old list.c) included on the new list as a special extra. d) all of the above.3) The new Seven Wonders of the World includea) three old cities and two splendid buildings. b) two old cities and three splendid buildings. c) four old cities and one splendid building. d) all of the above.4) The defence structure which is included in the new Seven Wonders of the World is ina) Jordan. b) India. c) China.d) all of the above.Short Answer QuestionsAnswer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage fir each answer. 5) What is the name for the NZ activity where people 'fall" from a highplace? __________________6) 'What sort of Chinese competitions are described in the reading passage?________________________7) In both the Cooper's Hill and Suwa competitions, what sort of place is necessary for the event?_____________________________8) In addition to relief at not being injured, what other feeling do the male competitors at Suwa have?______________________________9) How often does the Finnish race take place? ______________________________10) What do people do in La Tomatina? ___________________________________ 11) Which group of people particularly enjoy the Korean event that is described?_______________________________________12) Compared to the competition in Finland, how can those in England, Japan, Spain and Korea bedescribed? They are ___________________________________Locating Information Thereading passage has six paragraphs, A-G . Whichparagraphcontains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-G beside each number. You may use any letter more than once.13) ____ Some small towns succeed "in hosting special events that are very popular with tourists.14) ____ A tourist event takes place according to the moon calendar.15) ____ India has a wonderful old building which is world famous.16) ____ People compete in a dangerous event even though there is no reward.17) ____ The Seven "Wonders of the World sites do not provide activities for tourists.18) ____ Some events are associated with certain countries.19) ____ Two of the new Wonders of the World are in South America.Global Multiple Choice20) Choose the correct letter a-d.The writer's main idea is that:a) Egypt should have been one of the new Seven Wonders of the World.b) Competitions like those in Suwa and Finland are the most popular tourist attractions thesedays.c) These days, the new Seven Wonders of the World are the most significant tourist attractions inthe world.d) A tourism industry needs to have some special or unique activity, festival or scenic location.After You ReadThis section of the reading units will include some activities to help you to understand and practise g skills that will help you with the IELTS test.Vocabulary9 Match the words above to the meanings below.a. wonderful, splendid _________________________b. the joint between your foot and your leg _________________________c. very, very high _________________________d. revised to match new information _________________________e. one of a kind _________________________f. for example _________________________g. hurt _________________________h. being the first example of something _________________________i. to publicly state something _________________________j. a feeling of satisfaction with what you've done _________________________k. completely, totally _________________________l. describing a special title or position _________________________m. to draw them to visit your area _________________________n. an event where people try to be the best _________________________o. the opposite of exclusion _________________________Guessing Meaning from Context10 Sometimes it's not necessary to understand every word in an article. Can you guess the meanings, of the words from the context? Write the letters for the words, a-f, in the gaps next to the meanings.Pronoun Referencing?First, study these two sentences.The new Seven Wonders if the World were announced.These replaced most of the original ancient ones.These refers back to The new Seven Wonders if the World.11 Now read paragraphs A-D again. What do the bolded words refer to? Highlight or underline the words they refer to in the passage.A The Beijing Olympics started on 08.08.08, but on 07.07.07 there was an event of almost equal importance. On that earlier date, the new Seven Wonders of the World were announced. These replaced most or the original ancient ones, although Egypt's Pyramids were given an honorary place. The final revised list included the ancient stone city of Petra in Jordan and the ruined city of Machu Picchu in Peru. Italy's Colosseum, India's Taj Mahal and Mexico's Chichen Itza were three magnificent buildings that were included, and Brazil's towering statue of Christ the Redeemer, which was only built in 1931, joined the older members of the list. And, needless to say, the updated list would have been incomplete without the inclusion of China's Great Wall.B Those sites are very popular, and people travel from all over the world to view them, but otherthan looking at them, there's very little else to do. Tourist companies in cities, towns or villages want to get people to come and have a good time and spend their money, so they have to dream up ways of attracting the tourists. Then they have to keep them there by providing them with something different, exciting or even downright dangerous to do; the trick, though, is to think of something unique.C That could be something like New Zealand's original bungy jump, for example, where a stretchy rope is tied around your ankles and you jump from a great height, stopping (hopefully) just before the ground .... Or it could be dragon boat races, for instance, which take place each year on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar....D Big cities usually have many attractions to keep tourists happy, but smaller towns or villages find it difficult and they sometimes struggle. Some fail, but others manage to put themselvesh on the map and attract large numbers of visitors. They do this by organising; events that are not available anywhere else in the whole wide world. Take Cooper’s Hill in England for instance: they roll a large cheese down a steep hill and hundreds of people chase after it. Many fall and are hurt, but the last person standing at the bottom of the hill can keep the cheese.。
雅思阅读travel accounts
雅思阅读travel accountsTravel Accounts: Exploring the World through the Eyes of OthersTravel accounts have always been a popular genre of literature, offering readers the opportunity to embark on a journey without leaving the comfort of their own home. Whether it's an adventurous expedition to the Amazon rainforest or a leisurely stroll through the streets of Paris, these accounts allow us to experience different cultures, landscapes, and perspectives.One of the key advantages of reading travel accounts is the ability to learn about new places and expand our knowledge of the world. Through detailed descriptions, authors take us to far-flung destinations, providing us with insights into their unique customs, traditions, and histories. From ancient ruins to bustling markets, readers are transported to places they may have never even heard of before, sparking a sense of wanderlust and a desire to explore the unknown.Moreover, travel accounts offer a window into the lives of people from different walks of life. Authors often interact with locals, immersing themselves in the day-to-day routines of the communities they visit. Through their interactions, readers gain a deeper understanding of the local culture, values, and challenges faced by these societies. This exposure to diverse perspectives fosters empathy and broadens our worldview, ultimately promoting tolerance and understanding.Travel accounts also have the power to inspire and ignite a passion for exploration within us. As we flip through the pages and follow the author's footsteps, we experience the excitement of their discoveries and the thrill of their adventures. The vivid descriptions of landscapes, architecture, and natural wonders awaken our senses and kindle a desire to witness these sights firsthand. Many readers are inspired to plan their own journeys, armed withnewfound knowledge and a thirst for discovery.Additionally, reading travel accounts can be a form of escapism, allowing us to temporarily escape the routine and stresses of everyday life. As we immerse ourselves in these captivating narratives, we are transported to faraway destinations, giving our minds a break from the mundane. We can lose ourselves in the beauty of nature, the exotic flavors of local cuisine, or the intriguing stories of the people the author encounters along the way.In today's technologically connected world, travel accounts have taken on new forms, with bloggers and vloggers sharing their experiences through various online platforms. This accessibility allows readers to engage with a wider range of perspectives, including those from travelers who may not have access to traditional publishing channels. The democratization of travel accounts enables a more diverse representation of voices and experiences, enriching our understanding of the world even further.In conclusion, travel accounts offer us a gateway to exploration, allowing us to discover new places, experience different cultures, and broaden our horizons. Through the vivid descriptions and personal narratives of authors, we can embark on a journey of discovery and growth, expanding our knowledge and fostering empathy towards the diverse peoples and landscapes of our world. So, whether you are an avid traveler or simply someone seeking a captivating escape, pick up a travel account and embark on a literary adventure that will transport you to distant lands.。
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UNIT 11 TravelW a r m u p -T h i n k i n g a b o u t t h e T o p i c Look at these photos. Talk about them with your partner.1 What sort of places are these?2 Try to identify them and name the countries where they can be found.3 Which is the most recent one?4 Now, work together with a partner to make some sentences about the images.Beginning to ReadScanning for Specific InformationThe Weird and the Wonderful - That's Tourism! The Beijing Olympics started on 08.08.08, but on 07.07.07 there was an event of almost equal importance, On that earlier date, the new Seven Wonders of the World wereannounced.Thesereplacedmost of the original ancient ones, although Egypt's Pyramids were given an honorary place. The final revised list included the ancient stone city of Petra in Jordan and the ruined city of Machu Picchu in Peru. Italy's Colosseum, India's Taj Mahal and Mexico's Chichen Itza were three magnificent buildings that were included, and Brazil's towering statue of Christ the Redeemer, which was only built in 1931, joined the older members of the list. And, needless to say, the updated list would have been incomplete without the inc1usion of AChina's Great Wall, which was built to defend the country from invaders. Those sites, are very popular, and people travel from all over the world to view them, but other than looking at them, there's very little else to do. Tourist companies in cities, towns or villages want to get people to come and have a good time and spend their money, so they have to dream up ways of attracting the tourists. Then they have to keep them there by providing them with something different, exciting or even downright dangerous to do; the trick, though, is to think of something unique.That could be something like New Zealand's original bungy jumping, for example, where a stretchy rope is tied around your ankles and you jump from a great height, stopping (hopefully) just before the ground. Or it could be dragon boat races, for instance, which take place in China each year on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. If you say bungy, people immediately think of New Zealand, and if you say dragon boat, people at once think of China, but you can do bungy jumps in other parts of the world, and you can see dragon boat racing in Singapore or other places overseas.Big cities usually have many attractions to keep tourists happy, but smaller towns or villages find it difficult and they sometimes struggle. Some fail, but others manage to put themselves on the map and attract large numbers of visitors. They do this by organizing events that are not available anywhere else in the whole wide world. Take Cooper's Hill in England for instance: they roll a large cheese down a steep hill and hundreds of people chase after it. Many fall and are hurt, but the last person standing at the bottom of the hill can keep the cheese.A similar downhill event takes place in Suwa, Japan, where men only sit on a huge log, one behind the other, and try to ride it down a steep hill without falling off and being injured or worse. Why do they do it? Other than the sense of pride and relief at making it to the bottom of the hill in one piece, there is no prize, no money, nothing. Or take the town of Sonkajarvi in Finland; it organises a yearly wife-carrying competition in which the man must carry the woman and run along the ground and through water. The first couple to cross the winning line get the prize ... the wife's weight in beer!Then there's Bunol, Spain. On the last Wednesday in August, they have a food fight. It's called La Tomatina, and up to 40,000 people can gather in the streets and throw ripe tomatoes at each other. As you can imagine, it's very, very messy, but great fun. Another fun festival which is just as messy, if not messier, occurs every summer in Boryeong, South Korea. During the annual Mud Festival, people, especially foreigners, let their hair down and play and wrestle in the mud. Most of these events, apart from the Finnish one, which has been imitated elsewhere, are truly unique because they can't be found anywhere else in the world.B C D E FGFrom a tourism provider's point of view, tourism is all about how to attract people to your area, and then keep them there long enough to spend money. There needs to be a 'point of difference', something that makes your site, festival or attraction really stand out in a crowded market. Some places are lucky enough to have one of the great wonders of the world. Others have a special annual festival or event which is too good to be missed. The rest have to rely on spectacular scenery, seasonal conditions, such as winter snow, or unique activities and adventure sports to keep the flow of tourists rolling in.5 Quickly SCAN the first paragraph of the reading passage and fill in the details of the man-made structures in the table below.Country Wonder Type of Structure1 Mexico2 Petra3 statue4 city5 Colosseum6 India7 fortification(for defence) Skimming to Summarise the Main Idea6 Look at the FIRST sentence of each paragraph, and then work with a partner to complete a brief summary of this reading passage. Speak, do not write.This passage is about ... and about... It gives examples of. .. Understanding Idiomatic Language7 Complete the following prepositional phrases, using the prepositions given below.at down for forin on to upa. dream ______ e. needless_________ sayb. _______example f. _________oncec. _______instance g. _________one pieced. let your hair________ h. put __________the map8 What do the prepositional phrases mean? Match these meanings with thephrases above, by writing the letters a - h in the gaps below.I . ____________immediatelyII. _____________make somewhere famousIII. ____________of courseIV . _____________relax and have a good timeV . ______________something which shows what you are talking about (2 phrases) VI. _____________to think of something newVII. ____________unhurt, not damagedIELTS Type Questions: Reading for Details and for MainMultiple Choice Circle the correct letter. Some questions may have MORE THAN ONE correct answer; and this will be indicated in the instructions.1) The announcement made on 07.07.07 wasa) the date for the Beijing Olympics.b) the modern Seven Wonders of the World.c) the original Seven Wonders of the World.d ) all of the above.2) The Pyramids in Egypt area) first on the new list.b) only included on the old list.c) included on the new list as a special extra.d) all of the above.3) The new Seven Wonders of the World includea) three old cities and two splendid buildings.b) two old cities and three splendid buildings.c) four old cities and one splendid building. d) all of the above.4) The defence structure which is included in the new Seven Wonders of the World is ina) Jordan.b) India.c) China.d) all of the above.Short Answer QuestionsTIP These follow the order of the passage.Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage fir each answer. 5) What is the name for the NZ activity where people 'fall"from a high place? __________________6) 'What sort of Chinese competitions are described in the reading passage? ________________________7) In both the Cooper's Hill and Suwa competitions, what sort of place is necessary for the event? _____________________________8) In addition to relief at not being injured, what other feeling do the male competitors at Suwa have? ______________________________9) How often does the Finnish race take place? ______________________________10) What do people do in La Tomatina? ___________________________________11) Which group of people particularly enjoy the Korean event that is described? _______________________________________12) Compared to the competition in Finland, how can those in England, Japan, Spainand Korea be described? They are ___________________________________Locating Information The reading passage has six paragraphs, A-G . Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-G beside each number. You may use any letter more than once.13) ____ Some small towns succeed "in hosting special events that are very popularwith tourists.14) ____ A tourist event takes place according to the moon calendar.15) ____ India has a wonderful old building which is world famous.16) ____ People compete in a dangerous event even though there is no reward.17) ____ The Seven "Wonders of the World sites do not provide activities for tourists.18) ____ Some events are associated with certain countries.19) ____ Two of the new Wonders of the World are in South America.Global Multiple Choice20) Choose the correct letter a-d.The writer's main idea is that:a) Egypt should have been one of the new Seven Wonders of the World.b) Competitions like those in Suwa and Finland are the most popular tourist attractions these days.c) These days, the new Seven Wonders of the World are the most significant tourist attractions in the world.d) A tourism industry needs to have some special or unique activity, festival or scenic location.TIP These usually follow the order of the TIP Read the whole reading passage to answer this set of questionsAfter You ReadThis section of the reading units will include some activities to help you to understand and practise g skills that will help you with the IELTS test.Vocabularyto announce original honorarymagnificent towering updatedinclusion downright uniqueankle for instance to attract(tourists) injured pride competition9 Match the words above to the meanings below.a. wonderful, splendid _________________________b. the joint between your foot and your leg _________________________c. very, very high _________________________d. revised to match new information _________________________e. one of a kind _________________________f. for example _________________________g. hurt _________________________h. being the first example of something _________________________i. to publicly state something _________________________ j. a feeling of satisfaction with what you've done _________________________ k. completely, totally _________________________ l. describing a special title or position _________________________ m. to draw them to visit your area _________________________ n. an event where people try to be the best _________________________ o. the opposite of exclusion _________________________Guessing Meaning from Context10 Sometimes it's not necessary to understand every word in an article. Can you guess the meanings, of the words from the context? Write the letters for the words, a-f, in the gaps next to the meanings.Meanings Words from Passagei. _________magnificent (paragraph A) a. dirty and untidyii. ________towering (paragraph A) b. extremely or completelyiii. _______ downright (paragraph B) c. fight by pushing, pulling and rollingsomeoneiv. _______ steep (paragraph D,E) d. (a slope) on a sharp angle, not gentlev. ________messy (paragraph F) e. very tallvi. _______ wrestle (paragraph F) f. wonderfulPronoun Referencing?First, study these two sentences.The new Seven Wonders if the World were announced.These replaced most of the original ancient ones.These refers back to The new Seven Wonders if the World.11 Now read paragraphs A-D again. What do the bolded words refer to? Highlight or underline the words they refer to in the passage.A The Beijing Olympics started on 08.08.08, but on 07.07.07 there was an event of almost equal importance. On that earlier date, the new Seven Wonders of the World were announced. These replaced most or the original ancient ones, although Egypt's Pyramids were given an honorary place. The final revised list included the ancient stone city of Petra in Jordan and the ruined city of Machu Picchu in Peru. Italy's Colosseum, India's Taj Mahal and Mexico's Chichen Itza were three magnificent buildings that were included, and Brazil's towering statue of Christ the Redeemer, which was only built in 1931, joined the older members of the list. And, needless to say, the updated list would have been incomplete without the inclusion of China's Great Wall.B Those sites are very popular, and people travel from all over the world to view them, but other than looking at them, there's very little else to do. Tourist companies in cities, towns or villages want to get people to come and have a good time and spend their money, so they have to dream up ways of attracting the tourists. Then they have to keep them there by providing them with something different, exciting or even downright dangerous to do; the trick, though, is to think of something unique.C That could be something like New Zealand's original bungy jump, for example, where a stretchy rope is tied around your ankles and you jump from a great height, stopping (hopefully) just before the ground .... Or it could be dragon boat races, for instance, which take place each year on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar....D Big cities usually have many attractions to keep tourists happy, but smaller towns or villages find it difficult and they sometimes struggle. Some fail, but others manage to put themselvesh on the map and attract large numbers of visitors. They do this by organising; events that are not available anywhere else in the whole wide world. Take Cooper’s Hill in England for instance: they roll a large cheese down asteep hill and hundreds of people chase after it. Many fall and are hurt, but the last person standing at the bottom of the hill can keep the cheese.。