商务英语英译汉

4.6 英汉翻译中的减词翻译法

The retailers perform many functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays and advertising. Fourth, the retailer may finance the customer by extending credit. Further, the retailer performs storage function in his outlet, by having goods available.

译文：零售商还发挥许多功能。其一，（）可提供便利的场地；其二，（）对他所经销的商品提供担保和服务；其三，（）帮助促销产品，经常进行商品展示活动和发布广告；其四，（）为顾客提供信贷。另外，由于供货及时，零售商还可发挥其商店的仓储功能。

Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful！

译文：冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。

析：原文中所有的定冠词the在译文中都没有被翻译出来，因为它们在这里都是泛指。当英语中的‚冠词the+名词‛或者‚冠词a/an+名词‛表示泛指时，该冠词往往不翻译成汉语；但如果冠词是表示特指，就必须将该冠词翻译成汉语。

When mineral oil is refined into petrol, it is used to drive internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse.

译文：当矿物油被提炼戍汽油之后，就可以用来驱动内燃机。就是有了这种油，我们才能用上汽车，以代替私人马车。

析：原文中短语carriage drawn by the horse的意思是‚由马拉的马车‛，译成汉语时如果直译就会使译文显得很罗嗦，这样就需要采用减词翻译法而将其翻译成‚马车‛就可以了。这样的译文简练、地道、流畅。Such is the so-called "business cycle" that has characterized the industrialized nations of the world for the last two centuries ever since an elaborate, interdependent money economy began to replace the relatively self-sufficient precommercial society.

译文：这正是近两个世纪（即自从一种复杂的、相互依赖的货币经济开始取代相对自给自足的前商业化社会）以来全世界工业化国家所谓的“经济周期”。

析：英语单词characterize一词的意思是‚表现…的特色‛，‚刻画的…性格‛，它的意思在汉语译文中虽然被省略末译，但既然全世界工业化国家具备所谓的‚经济周期‛，那么，其基本意思‚表现…的特色‛就已经隐含在其中。

To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic systems, Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable repayment terms on developing countries, terms that will not provoke revolution or chaos.

译文：为了防止发生重大的宣布无力偿还债务事件，并使经济体制恢复巩固，西方各国金融机构和政府必须确保对各发展中国家强制实行公平合理的还债条件，确保这些条件不至于引发革命或混乱。

析：原文中avert的意思是‚转移‛，和名词danger搭配后构成短语avert the danger，意思是‚转移危险‛，如果直译势必使得译文不通顺。汉语译文在这里没有直译，而是将danger省略不译，而将avert一词翻译成‚防止‛，这样做既理顺了‚防止‛同后面的宾语‚发生重大的宣布无力偿还债务事件‛之间的搭配，‚防

止‛这个短语本身又隐含了danger（危险）的意义，真是一举两得。

第五章英汉翻译中的重复翻译法

5.1 英语回避得利的主要方法

英语往往采用以下一些手段来回避重复。

5.1.1. 指代法

即使用代词（主要是人称代词、物主代词、指示代词以及用于非限制性定语从句的关系代词等）来回避重复。这是英语中最普通、最常见，也是最有效的回避重复的方法之一。例如：

I met John on the street yesterday. He was walking beside his sister. They were going to see a film.

Mary is standing at the door, with her hand in her pocket.

5.1.2. 换词法

即使用范畴词、同义词或准同义词来回避重复。范畴词是一些具有概括意义、表示人和事物范畴的词汇。如：man，woman，people，person，child，thing，object，flower，machine，medicine，matter，idea，feeling，animal等。

The monkey's most extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.

换词是书面英语，尤其是现代新闻英语主要特色之一。换词得当，可以避免单调乏味，使文字新颖别致，焕然生色。如电视机，可说：the television set，the TV，telly，the tube，the goggle-box，the idiot box等。

5.1.3. 替代法即使用替代词语或替代句型来回避重复。

（1）常用的替代词语有：one, ones, that, those, it, the same (thing), so, such, there, then, likewise, identical, different, like that, in like manner, (in) this way 等。

What kind of textbooks do you want? The ones with illustrations or the ones without.

A: I'll have a new pair of rubber shoes, please.

B: I'll have the same but with black laces.

He was ambitious, but his sister was even more so. She wanted to become a great film-star.

A: He'll arrive before six.

B: That seems too early.

（2）常见的替代句型

a. 主语+do

A: Do you like English?

B: Y es, I do.

b. So (否定句用Neither / Nor) + be (或have, do) +主语

She is a student. So is her brother.

appear, fear, seem, expect

c. 主语+ hope, believe, say, suppose + so / not

think, wish, claim, tell

A: He will come tomorrow.