机械专业英语论文
机械专业类英语文章阅读
机械专业类英语文章阅读篇一：机械专业英语作文1Mechanical engineeringEngineering Science in life are widely used, especially in mechanical engineering in the application of life is almost throughout life in all its aspects, to automobiles, aircraft, small electric fans, umbrella, all of these and related machinery. The project includes many subjects, but the mechanical engineering is one of the most important subjects, not only because of our life and itis closely related to, but with the progress of the times, people have to rely on mechanical engineering products, in automation today, machine instead of many this is the part of the human labor, improve the efficiency and save time.As a result of mechanical engineering in every aspect of life, therefore, as an engineer, be faced with a great many challenges, in addition to a solid with knowledge, but also keep pace with the times, familiar with the machinery and related software, can be very good use of software, and as a an engineer, we should try our best to design and produce and closely related to the life of the machine, and can in life play a real role, also have only such, we address and remission now social needs, therefore, the mechanical engineering in the future social development, will play the important role, especially China s case, the industry also is not very developed, machinery can be greater development space.Before the industrial revolution, machinery is mostly wood structure, wood made by hand by. The development of social economy,the demand for mechanical products. The bulk of the production increasing and precision processing technology progress, promote the mass production method ( interchangeability of parts production, professional division of labor and cooperation, water processinglines and assembly lines ) formation. Study of mechanical products in the manufacturing process, especially when used in the pollution of the environment and natural resources excessive consumption problems and their treatment measures. This is a modern mechanical engineering is an especially important task to grow with each passing day, andits importance.Application of mechanical products. This includes selection, ordering, acceptance, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance, repair and transformation of the industrial use of machinery and complete sets of machinery and equipment, to ensurethat the mechanical products in the long-term use of reliability and economy.As a student, we are now the most important to learn professional knowledge, only in this way, can we later life and learning, to doits part.机械工程工程科学在生活中应用广泛，特别是机械工程在生活中的应用几乎就是遍布了生活中的各个方面，大到汽车、飞机，小到电风扇、雨伞，这些都和机械有关。
机械专业介绍英语作文
机械专业介绍英语作文The field of mechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamic discipline that encompasses the design, development, and implementation of a wide range of mechanical systems and devices. As a mechanical engineering student, I have had the opportunity to delve into the intricacies of this fascinating field, and I am excited to share my insights with you.At the core of mechanical engineering is the understanding and application of fundamental principles of physics, mathematics, and materials science. Mechanical engineers utilize these principles to create innovative solutions to complex problems, ranging from the design of simple machines to the development of advanced technologies that power our modern world.One of the key aspects of mechanical engineering is the design process. Mechanical engineers are responsible for conceptualizing, designing, and optimizing the performance of mechanical systems and components. This involves the use of computer-aided design (CAD) software, finite element analysis (FEA) tools, and other advanced modeling and simulation techniques to test and refine their designs.Another crucial aspect of mechanical engineering is the manufacturing and production of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineers work closely with manufacturing teams to ensure that their designs can be effectively and efficiently produced. This may involve the selection of appropriate materials, the implementation of advanced manufacturing processes, and the development of quality control measures to ensure the reliability and durability of the final product.In addition to design and manufacturing, mechanical engineers are also involved in the operation and maintenance of mechanical systems. They may be responsible for troubleshooting and repairing equipment, optimizing system performance, and developing preventive maintenance strategies to ensure the long-term reliability and efficiency of mechanical systems.One of the most exciting aspects of mechanical engineering is the opportunity to work on a wide range of applications and industries. Mechanical engineers can be found in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, energy, healthcare, and manufacturing, among others. This diversity of applications allows mechanical engineers to apply their skills and knowledge to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of technology and society.As a mechanical engineering student, I have had the privilege of exploring various specializations within the field. For example, I have delved into the design and analysis of thermal systems, such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as the development of advanced energy conversion technologies, such as wind turbines and solar power systems.I have also had the opportunity to work on projects that involve the design and optimization of mechanical components, such as gears, bearings, and linkages. These projects have allowed me to apply my knowledge of materials science, solid mechanics, and dynamic systems to create innovative solutions that improve the performance and reliability of mechanical systems.In addition to technical skills, mechanical engineers must also possess strong problem-solving, critical thinking, and communication abilities. Effective collaboration with cross-functional teams, including engineers from other disciplines, as well as with clients and stakeholders, is essential for the successful completion of projects.As I look to the future, I am excited about the potential of mechanical engineering to continue driving technological advancements and contributing to the betterment of our world. With the rapid pace of innovation and the growing demand forsustainable and efficient solutions, I believe that mechanical engineering will play an increasingly important role in addressing global challenges, such as climate change, energy security, and healthcare.In conclusion, the field of mechanical engineering is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that offers a wealth of opportunities for those who are passionate about technology, innovation, and problem-solving. As a mechanical engineering student, I am proud to be part of a profession that is at the forefront of shaping the future and improving the quality of life for people around the world.。
机械专业论文中英文
机械专业论文中英文Gearbox Noise —— Correlation with Transmission Error and Influence of Bearing Preload变速箱噪声——相关的传输错误和轴承预压的影响摘要ABSTRACTThe five appended papers all deal with gearbox noise and vibration. The first paper presents a review of previously published literature on gearbox noise and vibration.The second paper describes a test rig that was specially designed and built for noise testing of gears. Finite element analysis was used to predict the dynamic properties of the test rig, and experimental modal analysis of the gearbox housing was used to verify the theoretical predictions of natural frequencies.In the third paper, the influence of gear finishing method and gear deviations on gearbox noise is investigated in what is primarily an experimental study. Eleven test gear pairs were manufactured using three different finishing methods. Transmission error, which is considered to be an important excitation mechanism for gear noise, was measured as well as predicted. The test rig was used to measure gearbox noise and vibration for the different test gear pairs. The measured noise and vibration levels were compared with the predicted and measured transmission error. Most of the experimental results can be interpreted in terms of measured and predicted transmission error. However, it does not seem possible to identify one single parameter,such as measuredpeak-to-peak transmission error, that can be directly related to measured noise and vibration. The measurements also show that disassembly and reassembly of the gearbox with the same gear pair can change the levels of measured noise andvibration considerably.This finding indicates that other factors besides the gears affect gear noise.In the fourth paper, the influence of bearing endplay or preload on gearbox noise and vibration is investigated. Vibration measurements were carried out at torque levels of 140 Nm and 400Nm, with 0.15 mm and 0 mm bearing endplay, and with 0.15 mm bearing preload. The results show that the bearing endplay and preload influence the gearbox vibrations. With preloaded bearings, the vibrations increase at speeds over 2000 rpm and decrease at speeds below 2000 rpm, compared with bearings with endplay. Finite element simulations show the same tendencies as the measurements.The fifth paper describes how gearbox noise is reduced by optimizing the gear geometry for decreased transmission error. Robustness with respect to gear deviations and varying torque is considered in order to find a gear geometry giving low noise in an appropriate torque range despite deviations from the nominal geometry due to manufacturing tolerances. Static and dynamic transmission error, noise, and housing vibrations were measured. The correlation between dynamic transmission error, housing vibrations and noise was investigated in speed sweeps from 500 to 2500 rpm at constant torque. No correlation was found between dynamic transmission error and noise. Static loaded transmission error seems to be correlated with the ability of the gear pair to excite vibration in the gearbox dynamic system.论文描述了该试验台是专门设计和建造噪音齿轮测试。
机械类英语作文
Thirdly, the career prospects for mechanical engineers are vast and diverse. Graduates have the opportunity to work in industries such as automotive, aerospace, energy, and manufacturing. They are involved in the design and development of products, machinery, and systems, as well as the optimization of existing technologies. The demand for mechanical engineers is expected to grow in the coming years, particularly in emerging fields such as renewable energy and biomedical engineering.
机械工程专业的作文英语
As a high school student with a keen interest in engineering, Ive always been fascinated by the intricate workings of machines and the ingenious designs that make them function. This passion led me to a profound decision to pursue a career in Mechanical Engineering. The journey has been both challenging and rewarding, offering me a glimpse into a world where creativity meets functionality.My fascination with mechanical engineering began during a school project where we were tasked with building a simple pulley system. The concept was straightforward, yet the execution was anything but. I remember the initial frustration of not being able to get the pulley to function as expected, but with each failure, I learned something new about the principles of force and motion. This handson experience sparked a curiosity that propelled me to delve deeper into the field.The decision to pursue mechanical engineering was solidified during a summer internship at a local manufacturing plant. There, I witnessed firsthand the application of mechanical principles on a larger scale. The plant was a hive of activity, with machines whirring and workers meticulously assembling parts. It was a symphony of precision and efficiency, and I was captivated by the sheer scale of engineering feats that took place every day.During my time at the plant, I was fortunate enough to work alongside seasoned engineers who were more than willing to share their knowledge. They taught me about the importance of precision in engineering, how a slight miscalculation could lead to a chain reaction of errors. I learnedabout the various components of a machine, from the smallest gear to the largest engine block, and how each played a crucial role in the overall function of the system.One of the most enlightening experiences was when I was given the opportunity to participate in the design of a new machine part. It was a humbling experience to see my ideas come to life, and the sense of accomplishment was indescribable. It was during this project that I realized the true potential of mechanical engineering the ability to create solutions that can improve lives and drive progress.As I progressed through my high school years, I began to explore the various subfields within mechanical engineering. I was particularly drawn to robotics and automation, intrigued by the potential to create machines that could perform tasks with a level of precision and efficiency beyond human capabilities. I spent countless hours researching, building, and programming robots, each project teaching me more about the complexities of mechanical systems and the importance of problemsolving skills.The journey towards a career in mechanical engineering has not been without its challenges. The coursework has been demanding, requiring a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and computer science. Yet, the challenges have only served to strengthen my resolve. Ive learned to embrace the complexities of the field, to find joy in solving complex problems, and to appreciate the beauty of welldesigned machinery.Looking ahead, I am excited about the prospect of attending university and furthering my education in mechanical engineering. I am eager to explore new technologies, to learn from experts in the field, and to contribute to the advancement of mechanical engineering. Whether its designing more efficient engines, developing advanced robotics, or creating sustainable energy solutions, I am confident that a career in mechanical engineering will offer endless opportunities for growth and innovation.In conclusion, my journey towards mechanical engineering has been a testament to my passion for problemsolving and my love for the intricate world of machines. It has taught me the importance of perseverance, precision, and creativity, and has opened my eyes to the endless possibilities that await in this everevolving field. As I prepare to embark on the next chapter of my life, I am filled with anticipation and a deep sense of purpose, ready to contribute to the world of mechanical engineering and make a difference in the world.。
机械专业 英语作文
机械专业英语作文Title: The Role of Mechanical Engineering in Modern Society。
Mechanical engineering, as a cornerstone of modern technology, plays a pivotal role in shaping our society and advancing human civilization. From the design of intricate machinery to the development of cutting-edge technologies, the contributions of mechanical engineers are ubiquitous and indispensable. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of mechanical engineering in various aspects of contemporary society.First and foremost, mechanical engineering drives innovation and progress across industries. By harnessing principles of physics and mathematics, mechanical engineers design and optimize a wide array of products and systems, ranging from automotive vehicles to renewable energy technologies. For instance, in the automotive sector, mechanical engineers are instrumental in enhancing fuelefficiency, improving safety features, and reducing emissions through the design of lightweight materials, aerodynamic structures, and advanced propulsion systems.Moreover, mechanical engineering intersects with other disciplines to address global challenges such as climate change and sustainable development. In the quest for renewable energy sources, mechanical engineers play a pivotal role in the design and optimization of wind turbines, solar panels, and hydroelectric generators. Through innovation and research, they strive to make these technologies more efficient, affordable, and accessible, thereby facilitating the transition towards a greener and more sustainable energy landscape.Furthermore, mechanical engineering is at the forefront of technological advancements that revolutionize healthcare and improve quality of life. From the development of medical devices to the design of prosthetic limbs, mechanical engineers leverage their expertise to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation processes. For example, the design of robotic surgical systems enablesminimally invasive procedures with greater precision and reduced recovery times, ultimately benefiting patients and healthcare providers alike.In addition to its tangible contributions, mechanical engineering fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and fosters a culture of innovation and problem-solving. By working alongside experts from diverse fields such as materials science, computer engineering, and biomechanics, mechanical engineers tackle complex challenges and push the boundaries of what is possible. Through research, experimentation, and collaboration, they pave the way for breakthroughs that shape the future of technology and society.Furthermore, mechanical engineering education equips individuals with critical thinking skills, analytical abilities, and practical knowledge that are highly sought after in today's job market. Whether pursuing careers in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, or energy sectors, mechanical engineers are well-positioned to make meaningful contributions and drive positive change in their respectivefields. Additionally, the interdisciplinary nature of mechanical engineering enables professionals to adapt to evolving industry trends and embrace lifelong learning opportunities.In conclusion, mechanical engineering serves as a driving force behind technological innovation, sustainable development, and societal progress. From enhancing industrial processes to improving healthcare outcomes, the contributions of mechanical engineers are pervasive andfar-reaching. As we continue to confront global challenges and strive for a better future, the role of mechanical engineering in shaping our society will only become more pronounced and indispensable. Through collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to excellence, mechanical engineers will continue to push the boundaries of what is possible and create a world that is safer, healthier, and more prosperous for generations to come.。
机械专业英语论文1
Application and development of mechanical dynamicsBeginning of the 21st century, the development of dexterous manipulator, walking robots, machine tool, removable optical instrument platform, train, automobile active chassis as the representative of the intelligent electronic products will be one goal of China's machinery industry. Such mechanical and electrical products with innovative materials, structural lightweight, mobile, intelligent and high, resulting in a material nonlinearity, complex geometric nonlinear dynamics, nonlinear control with lag. These issues will be studied mechanical dynamics in the field of frontier in the early 21st century.First the contents of the mechanical dynamics：Any mechanical, while in the presence of motion, will be subject to the force. In the study Machinery and mechanical force generated by the movement in motion when the mechanical dynamics, and mechanical design and improvement of science from the perspective of the interaction force and movement. Detailed mechanical dynamics research can be divided into the following six:（1）At a known external force, required to have identified the true movement of the inertial parameters of the mechanical system; analysis of interaction between the various components of the mechanical motion; research institutions and balance theory and method of the rotary member; mechanical vibration analysis; and institutional analysis and synthesis, and so on.（2）Analysis of the interaction between the various components of the mechanical movement. Size and variation of the structural design of these forces is deputy campaign, the carrying capacity of supporting and component analysis and the choice of a reasonable basis for lubrication method. After obtaining the mechanical movement of the real force of inertia can be calculated for each member, and then based on Alembert principle determined by statics interaction between components. researching the institutional balance and the revolving member of theories andmethods.For rigid rotor balancing existing mature technologies and methods: both the theory and methods need further research to work flexible rotor speed approaches or exceeds the balance of the natural frequency of the rotor itself.（3）Relationship between balance and distribution of mechanical energy during operation. These include: mechanical efficiency calculations and analysis; theory and design governor; flywheel applications and design.Analysis of mechanical vibration is one of the basic elements of mechanical dynamics. It has developed into a content-rich, self-contained discipline.（4）Organizations and agencies comprehensive analysis of the general structure and motion mechanism is concerned, but with the improvement of the mechanical speed of operation, mechanical dynamics analysis and synthesis of high-speed has become an indispensable element when institutions.Second the mechanical dynamics of classification：Mechanical dynamics analysis process, according to their different functions can be divided into two types of problems:(1) Dynamics inverse problem: Given the state of motion and resistance mechanism (moment), the solution should be applied to the counterweight (balanced torque) on the driving member, and a variety of anti-vice campaign force, which is known campaign, seeking power.(2) The positive dynamics of the problem: Given the machine's input force (torque) and the resistance variation, the time to solve the movement of the machine, which is a known force, seeking movement.Third, the mechanical dynamics in modern mechanical systemsFrom the analysis, simulation to design and control, mechanical dynamics in the study area continues to expand, the formation of a number of branches, such as: machine tool dynamics, vehicle dynamics, rotor dynamics, robot dynamics, elastic body dynamics and soon on.(1) Machine DynamicsFor precision machine tools, the machining accuracy is important as an indicator, and the machine vibration is seriously undermined the machining accuracy. Complexexcitation force generated during cutting, gear transmission system, such as rolling bearings is the internal vibration source machine. Research machine dynamics are: the machine power source analysis, dynamic modeling and vibration machine vibration analysis and dynamic design of the machine.(2) Vehicle DynamicsWith high speed, safety and comfort of the vehicle becomes very important. And there were many unique dynamics, such as: Vibration wheels on the rails with a taper will lead serpentine movement of the train, it will stimulate the lateral movement of the vehicle; high-speed train on the rate of movement of the curve in the region when the major issues involved in vehicle safety; to improve the comfort of the car, when the latest research trends active vibration control of the frame, and the movement that inspire every moment according to the road, ready to adjust the parameters of the vibration system components, it is always in optimum damping condition.(3) Rotor dynamicsSteam turbines, generators, motors, centrifuges and other rotating machinery, the main rotor of their work. In order to improve the efficiency and capacity of the machine, increasing the speed of such mechanical. Suppress the vibration of the rotor system when key issues. Especially for large turbine generator rotor damage due to vibration caused by the national economy will result in significant losses. 1980s, China's two 200,000 ten million Turbine claiming the minor axis vibration caused serious incidents. Rotor dynamics and vibration of the rotor support system and countermeasures. It vibration of the shaft and the shaft early as the basis, but the operating speed turbine generator shaft exceeds the critical speed, but also contains a more complex and more vibration, thus forming an important branch of mechanical dynamics.(4) Robot dynamics1960s, robotics born and developed rapidly, it is the body, mechanical electronics, computer science and information science from a multidisciplinary frontier. A variety of industrial robots has become increasingly widely used in paint, handling, welding and assembly of industrial production line, all kinds of special robots are used inmarine exploration, outer space exploration and other fields. Robots learn to become a branch of the agency agency science hyperactive. In order to improve the speed of the robot, high-speed, flexible robot has emerged. The complexity of the robot mechanism far more than the general planar mechanisms, and must consider the dynamics of the robot control.Machine dynamics, vehicle, rotor and robots, which focuses on this type of machinery personality problems. The various types of machinery are included with institutions of various types of machinery and systems are a prime mover, transmission and composition of the working machine. Therefore, institutional dynamics and dynamics of mechanical systems in a variety of mechanical dynamics of the common problems.Fourth mechanical dynamics of the FutureA mechanical development of modern significant feature is that automatic adjustment and control devices are increasingly becoming an integral part of the machinery. Mechanical dynamics of the study has been extended to include the different characteristics of the power machine and control and regulation devices, including the entire mechanical systems, control theory has infiltrated into the field of mechanical dynamics.In some mechanical design, mechanical dynamics of change has made quality. Various simulation methods and testing theories and methods of movement and dynamic parameters, is increasingly becoming an important means of mechanical dynamics studies.。
机械专业英语短文带翻译
机械工程师的关键责任之一是设计与分析机械系统。这涉及使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件创建系统的详细三维模型，并在不同条件下模拟其性能。通过分析作用于系统组件的力、应力和振动，机械工程师可以优化设计，确保安全、可靠和高效。
Case Study: Designing an Automotive Suspension System
案例研究：汽车悬挂系统设计
例如，让我们考虑一下汽车悬挂系统的设计。悬挂系统负责在保持车辆稳定控制的同时提供平稳的行驶。机械工程师使用CAD软件设计悬挂系统的各个组件，例如弹簧、减振器和控制臂。
在完成初始设计后，工程师将使用有限元分析（FEA）软件对系统进行分析。这样可以模拟系统在不同的道路条件下（如坑洼或减速带）的行为。通过分析组件中的应力和位移，工程师可以确定潜在的设计问题，并进行必要的修改，以改善悬挂系统的性能和安全性。
For example, let's consider the design of an automotive suspension system. A suspension system is responsible for providing a smooth ride while maintaining the stability and control of the vehicle. A mechanical engineer would use CAD software to design the various components of the suspension system, such as the springs, dampers, and control arms.
After the initial design is complete, the engineer would then analyze the system using finite element analysis (FEA) software. This allows them to simulate the behavior of the system under different road conditions, such as potholes or speed bumps. By analyzing the stresses and displacements in the components, the engineer can identify potential design issues and make necessary modifications to improve the performance and safety of the suspension system.
机械类相关英语文章精选
机械类相关英语文章精选篇一：机械类英语文章What is Hydraulic?A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Hydraulic principleIt consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called hydraulic press; the said oil-filled hydraulic machine. Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascals law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel.History of the development of hydraulicAnd air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascals principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive thedevelopment of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the worlds first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G ? Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japans hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly20 to 30 years, the development of Japans fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage;military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.篇二：机械类专业英语文章翻译1.Chapter 2（P31）Unit2 Cast IronsIn order to understand the fabricating characteristics of cast irons, it is necessary to become familiar with the characteristics of the metal and the various types and classifications that are available.为了理解铸铁的制造特性，它是要熟悉的金属的特性和各种可用的类型和分类One of the distinguishing features of all irons is that they have a relatively high carbon content. Steels range up to about 2% carbon. Cast irons overlap with the steels somewhat and range from about 1.5% up to 5% carbon. It is principally the form of the carbon, with is governed by thermal conditions and alloying elements,that provides various structures that may be classified into the following main type：gray cast iron; white cast iron; ductile(nodular) graphite irons;compacted(vermicular) graphite iron.所有熨斗的一个显着特点是，它们具有相对高的碳含量。
机械类英语论文及翻译
机械类英语论文及翻译Mechanical design involves the n of machines。
which are composed of mechanisms and other components that can transform and transmit ___ machines include engines。
turbines。
vehicles。
hoists。
printing presses。
washing machines。
and ___ and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to ___。
the term "mechanical design" is used in a broader sense than "machine design" to include their design.When ___。
___ to take into account。
The n and structural aspects of the device。
as well as the ___。
___ apply not only to machines but also to other mechanical devices。
such as switches。
cams。
valves。
vessels。
and mixers.Mechanical design is a critical field in ___ disciplines。
It plays an essential role in the ___ the success of a mechanical design project。
it is essential to follow a set of rules for design。
机械工程专业英语作文举例理由总结
机械工程专业英语作文举例理由总结全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Mechanical Engineering Major Importance and Reasons for ChoiceMechanical engineering is a highly sought-after field for many reasons. It is a diverse and exciting field that offers a wide range of career opportunities and the chance to work on cutting-edge technologies. In this essay, I will explore the reasons why I believe mechanical engineering is an excellent choice for anyone considering a career in engineering.First and foremost, mechanical engineering is a challenging and intellectually stimulating field. The coursework is rigorous and demanding, but it is also extremely rewarding. As a mechanical engineering student, you will learn about everything from thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to materials science and control systems. This broad and deep knowledge base will prepare you for a wide range of career paths and give you the skills you need to succeed in a competitive job market.Another reason to study mechanical engineering is the excellent job prospects and earning potential. Mechanical engineers are in high demand in a variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, robotics, and energy. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median pay for mechanical engineers in the United States is over $80,000 per year, and job growth in the field is projected to be strong in the coming years.In addition to job security and a lucrative salary, mechanical engineering offers the opportunity to work on exciting and important projects. Whether you are designing a new type of engine, developing a more efficient heating and cooling system, or building a robot that can perform delicate surgical procedures, mechanical engineers have the chance to make a real impact on the world around them.Finally, one of the most compelling reasons to study mechanical engineering is the sense of fulfillment that comes from solving complex problems and creating innovative solutions. Whether you are troubleshooting a malfunctioning machine or designing a new product from scratch, the ability to apply your knowledge and skills to real-world challenges is both empowering and satisfying.In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a dynamic and rewarding field that offers a wealth of opportunities for those who are willing to put in the hard work and dedication required to succeed. From job security and earning potential to the chance to work on important projects and make a real difference in the world, there are countless reasons to consider a career in mechanical engineering. If you are passionate about engineering and enjoy solving problems, mechanical engineering may be the perfect choice for you.篇2Mechanical engineering is a highly specialized field that requires a deep understanding of scientific principles and technical skills. As such, studying mechanical engineering provides students with a unique set of knowledge and abilities that can be applied to a wide range of industries and professions. In this essay, I will discuss the reasons why studying mechanical engineering is beneficial, provide examples to support my arguments, and summarize the key points.First and foremost, one of the key reasons why studying mechanical engineering is beneficial is the wide range of career opportunities available to graduates. Mechanical engineers are in high demand in industries such as automotive, aerospace,energy, and manufacturing, among others. For example, in the automotive industry, mechanical engineers are involved in designing, testing, and improving various components of vehicles, such as engines, transmissions, and suspension systems. They also work on developing new technologies, such as electric and autonomous vehicles. Overall, studying mechanical engineering can open up a wealth of career opportunities for graduates.Another reason why studying mechanical engineering is beneficial is the opportunity to work on cutting-edge technologies and innovations. For example, mechanical engineers are involved in developing renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines and solar panels, to address the world's energy needs. They also work on developing new materials and manufacturing processes to improve the performance and efficiency of products. By studying mechanical engineering, students have the opportunity to work on exciting projects that have a real impact on society.Furthermore, studying mechanical engineering provides students with a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and other scientific disciplines. This knowledge is essential for understanding the principles of mechanics, thermodynamics,and other engineering concepts. For example, mechanical engineers use principles of physics to design and analyze complex systems, such as aircraft engines or industrial machinery. By studying mechanical engineering, students develop a strong analytical and problem-solving skills that are highly valued in the industry.In conclusion, studying mechanical engineering offers a wide range of benefits, including access to diverse career opportunities, the opportunity to work on cutting-edge technologies, and the development of strong analytical and problem-solving skills. By pursuing a degree in mechanical engineering, students can gain a deep understanding of scientific principles and technical skills that are essential for success in the field. Overall, studying mechanical engineering is a rewarding and fulfilling experience that can lead to a successful and satisfying career.篇3Mechanical engineering is a field that involves the design, development, and production of machinery and mechanical systems. It is a versatile and dynamic field that offers a wide range of career opportunities for those with the necessary skills and expertise. In this essay, I will discuss the importance ofstudying mechanical engineering, provide examples of why it is a valuable field to work in, and summarize the key reasons for pursuing a career in this industry.One of the main reasons why studying mechanical engineering is important is that it provides individuals with a strong foundation in math, science, and technical skills. This knowledge is essential for designing and building machines, engines, and other mechanical systems. For example, mechanical engineers need to have a deep understanding of physics in order to analyze the forces and motions of mechanical components. They also need to be proficient in mathematics to perform calculations and simulations to optimize the performance of their designs.Another reason why mechanical engineering is a valuable field to work in is that it offers a wide range of career opportunities across various industries. Mechanical engineers can work in industries such as automotive, aerospace, energy, and manufacturing. For instance, automotive engineers design and test new vehicle components to improve fuel efficiency and safety. Aerospace engineers work on developing spacecraft and aircraft systems for space exploration and commercial aviation. Energy engineers design renewable energy systems such as windturbines and solar panels. Manufacturing engineers optimize production processes to increase efficiency and reduce costs.Furthermore, studying mechanical engineering allows individuals to develop important skills that are transferable to other fields. These skills include problem-solving, critical thinking, and project management. For example, mechanical engineers need to be able to identify and solve complex technical problems in order to design reliable and efficient mechanical systems. They also need to be able to communicate effectively with team members and stakeholders to ensure that projects are completed on time and within budget.In summary, there are several key reasons for pursuing a career in mechanical engineering. Studying this field provides individuals with a strong foundation in math, science, and technical skills. It also offers a wide range of career opportunities across various industries and allows individuals to develop important skills that are transferable to other fields. Overall, mechanical engineering is a valuable and rewarding field to work in for those who are passionate about designing and building innovative mechanical systems.。
机械专业优势英语作文
机械专业优势英语作文Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is an important field that has played a significant role in the development of modern society. As a mechanical engineer, I am proud of my profession and the contribution it has made to the world.One of the greatest advantages of mechanical engineering is its versatility. Mechanical engineers can work in a wide range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, energy, healthcare, and manufacturing. This diversity of applications means that mechanical engineers can work on a variety of projects, from designing a new airplane engine to developing a prosthetic limb.Another advantage of mechanical engineering is its focus on problem-solving. Mechanical engineers are trained to analyze complex systems and find solutions to problems. This skill is essential in a world where technology isconstantly advancing and new challenges arise every day.In addition, mechanical engineering is a highly respected profession that offers excellent career opportunities. Mechanical engineers are in high demand, and their skills are valued by employers around the world. As a result, mechanical engineers can expect to earn a good salary and have a stable career.Despite these advantages, mechanical engineering is not without its challenges. The field is constantly evolving, and mechanical engineers must stay up-to-date with the latest technologies and techniques. This requires a commitment to lifelong learning and professional development.In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a challenging and rewarding profession that offers many advantages. As a mechanical engineer, I am proud to be part of a field that has had such a significant impact on the world. I look forward to continuing to contribute to the field and to help solve the challenges that face our society.。
机械类专业英语论文2
Machinery industry statusBased on my understanding of mechanical industry.Machinery industry is manufacturing and all walks of life to provide mechanical equipment and electrical equipment department, known as "the equipment department of national economy". It also provides large jobs. "". In the industry, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, because there was no production according to market economic organization, resulting in the production line with the market, at the same time, these old enterprises heavy historical burden. Overstaffed, economic benefit is not good. In recent years, the machinery industry in the eyes of people greatly. However, due to the importance of mechanical industry and large scale, mechanical most graduates are "hot" talent in the talent market. It is predicted, mechanical talents in the future will continue to have a larger demand. High level talents will become the targets enterprises fight forMachinery industry to get out of the present predicament of benefit glides, must achieve three changes: one is from a purely for the national economy to provide equipment, turn is "equipment" is the mass consumer goods and services; two is from the past to the production technology as the center gradually to meet the market, to market oriented center; three is composed of pure industrial service to expand to the rural market. To implement these three change, must be adjusted and the development of human resource structure, to adapt to the requirements of.Machinery industry personnel structure at present are two small, middle, is the product of the development of staff and sales personnel, and the intermediate production personnel proportion is too large. Sales personnel are not allowed to market model, the developer can not develop marketable products, Production of surplus is bound to lead to product backlog. Therefore, must let the production team swelling middle large, increasing development and sales team. Machinery industry at present most lack talent: one is the talents, which not only know the technology andmanagement, according to the rules of market economy to organize production, senior personnel to grasp the direction of the enterprise; two is the senior technical talents with innovative consciousness; three is to know the technology and marketing, understand the market situation. And improvement, product design and development talent; four are senior technicians.Machinery industry graduates overall demand is bigger, but a considerable part of the engineering and technical personnel gap. The lack of the NC machine tools of professional and technical personnel. Many enterprises machinery industry had been conducted and transformation technology update of modern production technology of CIMS system, NC machine tools industrial forest center and other advanced equipment to replace the original production equipment technical workers, the original production line has been unable to meet the digital equipment operation and maintenance requirements, senior technical personnel in urgent need of NC technology application. The introduction of advanced CNC machine tools from a foreign country, but not many people can operate. While the mechanical specialty of domestic high school are taught "gear", this also shows that the mechanical professional content is old, can't keep up with the times, to be updated. The mechanical design and manufacturing and processing of professional talent supply and demand in recent years was also very high. Casting, heat processing because the condition is relatively difficult, has always been the students enter oneself for an examination and employment upset. Some cars, pliers, milling, electricity and other post skilled workers in many enterprises do not get added, hardship posts have hired many farmers contract workersFrom the development of mechanical industry, printing machinery, CNC machine tools, power generation equipment, engineering machinery and other products from the outlook remains bullish. In addition to these traditional industries, the industry will be further developed to machine photoelectrocatalysis, extended to the optical processing, environmental protection this emerging field. Although the machinery industry ailing, but after the reform of state-owned enterprises, through the configuration optimization and adjustment of industrial structure and human resources,once to keep up with the market economy and the pace of the information age, will show a strong vitality, the economic benefit will reboundThe above is my understanding of the machinery industry. I am also studying mechanics, I love this profession, hope I will have a good development in this industry.。
机械类英语论文及翻译
附录一:Mechanical DesignLiqingyu zhangjiaMachinery manufacturing equipment designAbstractA machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term "mechanical design" is used in a broader sense than "machine design" to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.Keywords: Mechanical Design ；Rules for Design ；Design ProcessThe Design ProcessDesigning starts with a need apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previously done by men, such as computation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partly.In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several components become apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a competitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several components. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction; of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy; of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection; of physical behavior of materials; and of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydrodynamic drives. The analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of mechanisms, or, in a large company,they may be made by a separate analysis division or research group. Design is a reiterative and cooperative process, whether done formally or informally, and the analyst can contribute to phases other than his own. Product design requires much research and development. Many Concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, and then either used or discarded. Although the content of each engineering problem is unique, the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems.Product liability suits designers and forced in material selection, using the best program. In the process of material, the most common problems for five (a) don't understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information, (b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision), (c) of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty long-term performance data is so, (d) quality control method is not suitable and unproven, (e) by some completely incompetent persons choose materials.Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity.May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.Finally, a design based upon function, and a prototype may be built. If its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower cost. During subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate alterations. Sales appeal.Some Rules for DesignIn this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical,and durable products.To stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst. The first six rules are particularly applicable for the analyst.1. A creative use of need of physical properties and control process.2. Recognize functional loads and their significance.3. Anticipate unintentional loads.4. Devise more favorable loading conditions.5. Provide for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum weight.6. Use basic equations to proportion and optimize dimensions.7. Choose materials for a combination of properties.8. Select carefully, stock and integral components.9.Modify a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce cost.10.Provide for accurate location and noninterference of parts in assembly.Machinery design covers the following contents.1.Provides an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety factors.2.Reviews the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis ,Including beam , vibration and impact loading.3.Reviews the fundamentals of stress and defection analysis.4.Introduces fatigue-failure theory with the emphasis on stress-life approaches to high-cycle fatigue design, which is commonly used in the design of rotation machinery.5.Discusses thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface fatigue.6.Investigates shaft design using the fatigue-analysis techniques.7.Discusses fluid-film and rolling-element bearing theory and application8.Gives a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm gearing.9.Discusses spring design including compression ,extension and torsion springs.10.Deals with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload fasteners.11.Introduces the design and specification of disk and drum clutches and brakes.Machine DesignThe complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge.One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations.Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawingdimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked.The computer is a tool helpful to mechanical designers to lighten tedious calculations, and provide extended analysis of available data. Interactive systems, based on computer capabilities, have made possible the concepts of computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on.If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.机械设计李庆余, 张佳.机械制造装备设计摘要机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成(de).它是一种用来转换或传递能量(de)装置,例如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等.许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器(de)设计,也适用于非机器(de)设计.术语中(de)“机械装置设计” (de)含义要比“机械设计”(de)含义更为广泛一些,机械装置设计包括机械设计.在分析运动及设计结构时,要把产品外型以及以后(de)保养也要考虑在机械设计中.在机械工程领域中,以及其它工程领域中,所有这些都需要机械设备,比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等.关键词：设计流程；设计规则；机械设计设计流程设计开始之前就要想到机器(de)实际性,现存(de)机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度,或者成本上得到改善.新(de)机器必需具有以前机器所能执行(de)功能.在设计(de)初始阶段,应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性,不要受到任何约束.即使产生了许多不切实际(de)想法,也会在设计(de)早期,即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉.只有这样,才不致于阻断创新(de)思路.通常,还要提出几套设计方案,然后加以比较.很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内(de)一些设想.一般(de)当外型特点和组件部分(de)尺寸特点分析得透彻时,就可以全面(de)设计和分析.接着还要客观(de)分析机器性能(de)优越性,以及它(de)安全、重量、耐用性,并且竞争力(de)成本也要考虑在分析结果之内.每一个至关重要(de)部分要优化它(de)比例和尺寸,同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调.也要选择原材料和处理原材料(de)方法.通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要(de)特性,如那些静态反应(de)能量和摩擦力(de)最佳利用,像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料(de)强度、应力和刚度等材料(de)物理特性,以及流体润滑和驱动器(de)流体力学.设计(de)过程是重复和合作(de)过程,无论是正式或非正式(de)进行,对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要.最后,以图样为设计(de)标准,并建立将来(de)模型.如果它(de)测试是符合事先要求(de),则再将对初步设计进行某些修改,使它能够在制造成本上有所降低.产品(de)设计需要不断探索和发展.许多方案必须被研究、试验、完善,然后决定使用还是放弃.虽然每个工程学问题(de)内容是独特(de),但是设计师可以按照类似(de)步骤来解决问题.产品(de)责任诉讼迫使设计人员和公司在选择材料时,采用最好(de)程序.在材料过程中,五个最常见(de)问题为：（a）不了解或者不会使用关于材料应用方面(de)最新最好(de)信息资料；(b)未能预见和考虑材料(de)合理用途（如有可能,设计人员还应进一步预测和考虑由于产品使用方法不当造成(de)后果.在近年来(de)许多产品责任诉讼案件中,由于错误地使用产品而受到伤害(de)原告控告生产厂家,并且赢得判决）；(c)所使用(de)材料(de)数据不全或是有些数据不确定,尤其是当其性能数据长期不更新；(d)质量控制方法不适当和未经验证；(e)由一些完全不称职(de)人员选择材料.通过对上述五个问题(de)分析,可以得出这些问题是没有充分理由而存在(de)结论.对这些问题(de)研究分析可以为避免这些问题(de)出现而指明方向.尽管采用最好(de)材料选择方法也不能避免发生产品责任诉讼,设计人员和工业界按照适当(de)程序进行材料选择,可以大大减少诉讼(de)数量.从以上(de)讨论可以看出,选择材料(de)人们应该对材料(de)性质,特点和加工方法有一个全面而基本(de)了解.在随后生产和售后服务(de)几年中,要接受新观念(de)变化,或者由试验和经验为基础,进一步分析并改进.一些设计规则在本节中,建议要运用创造性(de)态度来替代和改进.也许会创造出更实用、更经济、更耐用(de)产品.为了激发创造性思维,下列是设计和分析(de)建议规则.前六个规则对设计者来说特别适用.1.要有创造性(de)利用所需要(de)物理性质和控制过程.2.认识负载产生(de)影响及其意义.3.预测没有想到(de)负载.4.创造出对载荷更为有利(de)条件.5.提供良好(de)应力分布和最小(de)刚度条件.6.运用最简单(de)方程来优化体积和面积.7.选择组合材料.8.仔细选择所备(de)原料和不可缺少(de)组件.9.调整有效(de)设计方案,以适应生产过程和降低成本.10.规定好准确(de)位置条件为了使组件安装时不干涉.机械设计包括一下内容：1.对设计过程、设计所需要公式以及安全系数进行介绍.2.回顾材料特性、静态和动态载荷分析,包括梁、振动和冲击载荷.3.回顾应力(de)基本规律和失效分析.4.介绍静态失效理论和静态载荷下机械断裂分析.5.介绍疲劳失效理论并强调在压力条件下接近高循环(de)疲劳设计,这通常用在旋转机械(de)设计中.6.深入探讨机械磨损机理、表面接触应力和表面疲劳现象.7.使用疲劳分析技术校核轴(de)设计.8.讨论润滑油膜与滚动轴承(de)理论和应用.9.深入介绍直齿圆柱齿轮(de)动力学、设计和应力分析,并简单介绍斜齿轮、锥齿轮和涡轮有关方面(de)问题.10.讨论弹簧设计、螺杆等紧固件(de)设计,包括传动螺杆和预紧固件.11.介绍盘式和鼓式离合器以及制动器(de)设计和技术说明.机械设计一台完整机器(de)设计是一个复杂(de)过程.机械设计是一项创造性(de)工作.设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性,还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚(de)基础知识.任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分(de)构成材料.许多(de)材料被今天(de)设计师所使用.对产品(de)功能,它(de)外观、材料(de)成本、制造(de)成本作出必要(de)选择是十分重要(de).对材料(de)特性必须事先作出仔细(de)评估.仔细精确(de)计算是必要(de),以确保设计(de)有效性.在任何失败(de)情况下,最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷(de)部件.计算（图纸尺寸）检查是非常重要(de).一个小数点(de)位置放错,就可以导致一个本可以完成(de)项目失败.设计工作(de)各个方面都应该检查和复查.计算机是一种工具,它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐(de)计算,并对现有数据提供进一步(de)分析.互动系统基于计算机(de)能力,已经使计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）成为了可能.心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作(de)机器.设计人员(de)基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们.这并不是一项容易(de)工作,因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优(de)操作范围和操作过程.另一个重要问题,设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商.在开始阶段,设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商,并得到批准.这一般是通过口头讨论,草图和文字材料进行(de).如前所诉,机械设计(de)目(de)是生产能够满足人类需求(de)产品.发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处,只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益.因而,应该认识到在一个特定(de)产品进行设计之前,必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品.应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性(de)才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品(de)制造工艺学(de)一个良机.掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要.仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好(de)设计中做出所需(de)全部决定(de).另一方面,应该认真精确(de)进行所有运算.例如,即使将一个小数点(de)位置放错,也会使正确(de)设计变成错误(de).一个好(de)设计人员应该勇于提出新(de)想法,而且愿意承担一定(de)风险,当新(de)方法不适用时,就使用原来(de)方法.因此,设计人员必须要有耐心,因为所花费(de)时间和努力并不能保证带来成功.一个全新(de)设计,要求屏弃许多陈旧(de),为人们所熟知(de)方法.由于许多人墨守成规,这样做并不是一件容易(de)事.一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有(de)产品(de)方法,在此过程中应该认真选择原有(de)、经过验证(de)设计原理,将其与未经过验证(de)新观念结合起来.新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料(de)问题发生,只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后,才能体现出新产品(de)优越性.因此,一个性能优越(de)产品诞生(de)同时,也伴随着较高(de)风险.应该强调(de)是,如果设计本身不要求采用全新(de)方法,就没有必要仅仅为了变革(de)目(de)而采用新方法.。
有关机械专业的英语作文
有关机械专业的英语作文Mechanical engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of machines and systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines and has a significant impact on modern society.To become a successful mechanical engineer, one must have a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and science. It is also important to have good problem-solving skills and be able to think creatively. A mechanical engineer should be able to design, test, and analyze mechanical systems and components.One important skill for a mechanical engineer is computer-aided design (CAD). CAD software allows engineers to create and modify designs quickly and accurately. It also enables them to simulate and test designs before they are built. This helps reduce errors and save time and resources.Another important skill for mechanical engineers is knowledge of materials. Different materials have differentproperties, and it is important to choose the right material for each component of a machine or system. Mechanical engineers must also be aware of the impact of their designs on the environment and society.Mechanical engineers work in a variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing. They may design engines, turbines, robots, or other mechanical systems. They may also work on improving existing systems or developing new technologies.One challenge that mechanical engineers face is keeping up with the latest technological advancements. New materials, manufacturing processes, and design techniques are constantly being developed, and it is important for mechanical engineers to stay current with these changes.Another challenge is designing for sustainability. As the world becomes more aware of the impact of human activities on the environment, mechanical engineers must find ways to reduce the carbon footprint of their designs. This may involve designing more efficient systems, using renewable energy sources, or finding ways to recycle or reuse materials.In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a diverse and challenging field that requires a strong foundation in math, physics, and science, as well as critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Mechanical engineers play a vital role in designing and maintaining the machines and systems that make modern life possible. As technology continues to advance and society becomes more aware of the impact of human activities on the environment, mechanical engineers will need to adapt and innovate to meet new challenges.。
有关机械的英语作文
有关机械的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Importance of Mechanical EngineeringIntroduction:Mechanical engineering is a broad and diverse field that deals with the design, development, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It plays a crucial role in our society by enabling advancements in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing. In this essay, we will explore the importance of mechanical engineering and its impact on society.The Role of Mechanical Engineering in Society:Mechanical engineering is essential in the development of new technologies and innovations that improve our quality of life. From the design of efficient transportation systems to the development of renewable energy sources, mechanical engineers play a key role in shaping the future. They are responsible for creating safe and reliable products that meet the needs of consumers while minimizing environmental impact.One of the most significant contributions of mechanical engineering is in the field of automation. Automation has revolutionized industries by increasing productivity, reducing costs, and improving safety. Mechanical engineers design automated systems that perform repetitive tasks with precision and efficiency, freeing up human workers to focus on more complex and creative tasks.The Impact of Mechanical Engineering on the Environment:Mechanical engineering also plays a vital role in addressing environmental challenges. With the growing concerns over climate change and pollution, there is a greater emphasis on developing sustainable technologies. Mechanical engineers are at the forefront of this effort, designing and implementing solutions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve natural resources, and promote renewable energy sources.For example, mechanical engineers are involved in the design and optimization of wind turbines, solar panels, and other renewable energy systems. They are also developing advanced materials and manufacturing processes that minimize waste and energy consumption. By integrating principles of sustainability into their work, mechanical engineers are helping to create a more environmentally friendly society.The Future of Mechanical Engineering:As technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, the field of mechanical engineering is poised for further growth and innovation. New developments in materials science, robotics, and artificial intelligence are opening up new possibilities for mechanical engineers to explore. With the increasing demand for clean energy, smart transportation systems, and advanced manufacturing techniques, mechanical engineers will play a critical role in shaping the future of society.Conclusion:In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a vital and dynamic field that influences every aspect of our lives. From the design of everyday products to the development of cutting-edge technologies, mechanical engineers play a key role in driving progress and innovation. As we continue to face complex challenges in areas such as sustainability and automation, the expertise and ingenuity of mechanical engineers will be more critical than ever. By staying at the forefront of technological advancements and embracing principles of sustainability, mechanical engineers can help create a more prosperous and sustainable future for all.篇2The Fascinating World of MachineryIntroductionMachinery plays a crucial role in our daily lives, from the simple tools we use in our homes to the complex machines that drive our industries. The evolution of machinery has been an incredible journey, marked by innovation and technological advancements. In this essay, we will explore the fascinating world of machinery, its history, impact on society, and future trends.History of MachineryThe history of machinery can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where simple tools like the wheel and lever were used for tasks such as agriculture and construction. The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries marked a significant milestone in the evolution of machinery, with the invention of steam-powered engines and mechanized production processes. This period saw the rise of factories and mass production, transforming societies and economies around the world.Impact on SocietyThe impact of machinery on society has been profound, shaping the way we live, work, and interact with our environment. Machines have revolutionized industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and communication, increasing efficiency and productivity. Automation technologies have replaced manual labor in many sectors, leading to job displacement and the need for new skills in the workforce.In the home, machinery has made our lives more convenient and comfortable, with appliances like washing machines, refrigerators, and computers becoming essential tools for everyday living. In healthcare, advanced medical equipment and surgical robots have improved patient outcomes and revolutionized the practice of medicine.Future TrendsLooking ahead, the future of machinery promises even more exciting developments and innovations. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and 3D printing are transforming the way we design, produce, and use machines. The Internet of Things (IoT) is connecting devices and systems to create smart, interconnected networks that enable real-time data monitoring and decision-making.The rise of autonomous vehicles, drones, and automated systems is revolutionizing transportation and logistics, paving the way for a future of self-driving cars, delivery drones, and smart cities. Advances in renewable energy technologies are driving the transition towards a more sustainable future, with solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicles becoming increasingly common.ConclusionIn conclusion, machinery is a fundamental part of human civilization, driving progress and innovation in every aspect of our lives. From ancient tools to modern robotics, machines have transformed the way we live and work, shaping the world we inhabit. As we look towards the future, the possibilities for machinery are endless, with new technologies and trends reshaping industries and societies. Embracing these changes and harnessing the power of machinery will be key to creating a more sustainable, efficient, and interconnected world.篇3Title: All About MechanicsMechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements. Itis a fundamental subject in engineering and plays a crucial role in the design and construction of machines. In this essay, we will explore the different aspects of mechanics and its applications in the real world.One of the key concepts in mechanics is the study of motion. The motion of objects can be described using principles like Newton's Laws of Motion and kinematics. These principles help us understand how objects move and interact with each other in a physical environment. By applying these concepts, engineers can predict the behavior of machines and design them for optimal performance.Another important aspect of mechanics is the study of forces. Forces are the interactions between objects that cause them to accelerate or deform. Understanding how forces work is essential for designing structures that can withstand external loads and stresses. Engineers use principles like statics and dynamics to analyze the forces acting on a system and ensure its stability and safety.In addition to motion and forces, mechanics also covers the study of energy and momentum. These concepts are essential for understanding the behavior of machines and systems in motion. By applying principles like conservation of energy andmomentum, engineers can optimize the performance of machines and ensure that they operate efficiently.One of the key applications of mechanics is in the field of mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers design, analyze, and manufacture machines and mechanical systems that are used in a wide range of industries, from aerospace to automotive to robotics. By applying principles of mechanics, mechanical engineers can create innovative solutions to complex problems and improve the efficiency and reliability of machines.In conclusion, mechanics is a fundamental subject that plays a crucial role in engineering and technology. By studying the principles of motion, forces, energy, and momentum, engineers can design machines and systems that meet the needs of society and drive innovation in various industries. As technology continues to advance, the principles of mechanics will continue to play a vital role in shaping the future of engineering and science.。
机械专业英语作文
机械专业英语作文Title: The Advancements and Applications of Robotics in Mechanical Engineering。
Introduction。
Mechanical engineering, as a field, has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, particularly in the realm of robotics. These advancements have not only revolutionized manufacturing processes but have also found applications in various other sectors. This essay explores the role of robotics in mechanical engineering, its evolution, current applications, and future prospects.Evolution of Robotics in Mechanical Engineering。
Robotics in mechanical engineering has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Initially, robots were primarily used in manufacturing industries for tasks such as welding, painting, and assembly line operations.However, with advancements in technology, robots have become more sophisticated and capable of performing complex tasks with precision and efficiency.The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms has enabled robots to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, and make autonomous decisions. This has expanded the scope ofrobotic applications beyond traditional manufacturing settings to areas such as healthcare, agriculture, and space exploration.Current Applications of Robotics。
关于机械英语作文
关于机械英语作文机械（Mechanical）是一个广泛应用于工程领域的学科，涉及到机械结构、动力传递、热力学、材料科学等多个方面。
下面是一篇关于机械的英语作文：Title: The Importance of Mechanical Engineering Introduction:Mechanical engineering plays a crucial role in our modern society. It is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. This field has contributed significantly to the development of various industries, including transportation, aerospace, energy, and manufacturing.Body Paragraphs:1. Design and Innovation:Mechanical engineers are responsible for designing and developing new products and systems. They use their knowledge of physics, mathematics, and materials science to create innovative solutions. Whether it's designing cars, aircraft, or advanced robots, mechanical engineers ensure that these products are efficient, safe, and reliable.2. Manufacturing and Production:Mechanical engineering also involves the manufacturingprocess. Engineers work closely with production teams to optimize production methods, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. They develop manufacturing processes, select appropriate materials, and design tools and equipment required for mass production.3. Energy and Sustainability:In an era of increasing concern for sustainability, mechanical engineers play a vital role in developing renewable energy sources and energy-efficient systems. They work on projects related to solar power, wind turbines, and hydroelectricity. By improving energy conversion and storage technologies, they contribute to the global effort towards a greener future.4. Research and Development:Mechanical engineering is an ever-evolving field that requires continuous research and development. Engineers are constantly exploring new technologies, materials, and techniques to enhance the performance and functionality of mechanical systems. Their research contributes to advancements in areas such as robotics, automation, and nanotechnology.Conclusion:In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamicfield that impacts various aspects of our daily lives. From transportation to energy production, mechanical engineers are the driving force behind technological advancements. Their expertise and innovation continue to shape our world and improve the quality of life for everyone.。
机械类英文论文
Manufacturing Technology Facing the 21st Century1．Agile ManufacturingRapid, severe, and uncertain change is the most unsettling market reality that companies and people must cope with today. New products, even whole markets, appear, mutate and disappear within shorter and shorter periods of time. The pace of innovation continues to quicken, and the direction of innovation is often unpredictable. Product variety has proliferated to a bewildering degree (Seiko markets 3000 different watches; Philips sells more than 800 color TV models). Agility is a comprehensive response to the challenges posed by a business environment dominated by change and uncertainty.For a company, to be agile is to be capable of operating profitably in a competitive environment of continually and unpredictably changing customer opportunities.For an individual, to be agile is to be capable of contributing to the bottom line of a company that is constantly reorganizing its human and technological resources in response to unpredictably changing customer opportunities.But marketplace change is only one dimension of the competitive pressures that companies and people are experiencing today. At a deeper level, we are changing from a competitive environment in which mass-market products and services were standardized, long-lived, information-poor and exchanged in one-time transactions to an environment in which companies compete globally with niche market products and services that are individualized, short-lived, information-rich, and exchanged on an ongoing basis with customers.Only those companies that respond to the deeper structural changes taking place in the commercial competition will be able to make sense of and profit from --the superficially chaotic changes occurring at the level of the marketplace. A more complete definition of agility, then, is that it is a comprehensive response to the business challenges of profiting from rapidly changing and continually fragmenting global markets for high quality, high performance, customer configured goods and services.Agility is, in the end, about making money in and from a turbulent, intensely competitive business environment.2．A New Manufacturing StrategyReforms introduced by companies since the early 1980s to improve their competitiveness just-in-time logistics, the quality movement, "lean" manufacturing--have been tactical responses to marketplace pressures. These reforms aim to improve how companies are doing what they are already doing. Although these efforts are appropriate and valuable, they reflectan acceptance of the status quo, rather than a recognition of the need to confront a new competitive reality, one that challenges what companies ought to be doing, not just how they can do a better job of what they are already doing.As a matter of fact, most companies have adopted a succession of tactical initiatives without anchoring the rationale for their implementation in new ends that mandate fundamental changes, true paradigm shifts in how those companies operate. The result is that, in company after company, managerial reforms has invariably set in. however. Innovative tactics will always be short-lived unless they are embedded in comprehensive organizational change that is in turn anchored in new strategic goals.Agility challenges the prevailing modes of organization, management, production, and competitiveness. It is explicitly strategic rather than tactical, taking no established practices for granted. Agile competition demands that the processes that support the creation, production, and distribution of goods and services be centered on the customer-perceived value of products. This is very different from building a customer-centered company. Enhancing the satisfaction that a customer experiences in dealing with a company adds value and can improve focus and even efficiency. But customer-centered operations are fully consistent with the mass -production mode. Centering a company on product lines that enrich customers products whose prices are determined by the value that customers perceive those products to have for themmoves beyond the traditional mass-production system, however efficient it may be.Successful agile companies, therefore, know a great deal about individual customers and interact with them routinely and intensively. Neither knowledge of individual customers nor interaction on this level was relevant to mass-production-era competitors. As suppliers of standardized, Uniform goods and services, mass-production-era competitors relied on market surveys that created an abstraction: the "average" or "typical" customer. However, individuality could not be accommodated in a mass -production competitive environment.By contrast, offering individualized products not a bewildering list of options and models but a choice of ordering a product configured by the vendor to the particular requirements of individual customers is the feature of agile competition.Success entails formulating customer-value-based business strategies for competing in the highest-value-added markets, that is, in what are today the most profitable, and the most competitive markets.Iteration. Just like the automotive industry, manufacturers often put new product models into market. With RP&M technology, it is possible to go through multiple design iterations within a short time and substantially reduce the model development time.3． Design EngineeringVisualization. Conceptual models are very important in product design. Designers use CAD to generate computer representations of their design concepts. However, no matter how well engineers can interpret blue prints and how excellent Some errors may still escape from the review of engineers and designers. The touch of the physical objects can reveal unanticipated problems and sometimes spark a better design. With RP&M, the prototype of a complex part can be built in short time, therefore engineers can evaluate a design very quickly.Verification and optimization. Improving product quality is always a important issue of manufacturing. With the traditional method, developing of prototypes to validate or optimize a design is often time consuming and costly. In contrast, an RP&M prototype can be produced quickly without substantial tooling and labour cost. Consequently, the verification of design concepts becomes simple: the product quality can be improved within the limited time frame and with affordable cost. Iteration. Just like the automotive industry, manufacturers often put new product models into market. With RP&M technology, it is possible to go through multiple design iterations within a short time and substantially reduce the model development time. 4．ManufacturingWe can use the RP&M prototype for producibility studies. By providing a physical product at an earlier design stage, we can speed up process planning and tooling design. In addition,by accurately describing complex geometry, the prototype can help reduce problems in interpreting the blue prints on the shop floor. Another application is tooling development for moulds. The prototypes can also be used as master patterns for castings.Polyurethane bicycle tyres have gained popularity in recent yeas. A Calgary tyre manufacturing company is manufacturing such tyres using casting methods. In order to produce moulds for casting,a master tyre pattern must be first developed.The master pattern is used to produce a temporary mould that produces a number of casting patterns.These casting patterns are then used to make the final moulds. After the moulds are manufactured, these patterns are also destroyed. However, the master pattern is preserved and it can be used again to produce casting moulds. The entire process including design, pattern development and mould manufacturing takes 6--8 weeks to produce a set of moulds.In order to reduce lead time and economically produce moulds, we have developed a computer-integrated design and manufacturing system and the rapid production technique of complex patterns. The traditional method of making the master patterns uses machines to cut the initial rough shapes of the tyre patterns and complete other features by machining, then manually finishes the tread patterns. Because of the complexity of tread patterns of bicycle tyres, it usually takes days to make such patterns and the quality is also a problem, especially the consistency of the treadpatterns.According to the description of Cubital Ltd. , the machine can produce models with 0.1% (or 0. 002") dimensional accuracy in x,y and z directions. Cubital's CAD interface accepts both industry-standard STL files and Universal files developed by Structural Dynamics Research Corp. (SDRC); the latter allows precise curve-fitting techniques to be used. 5．ConclusionsProduct features, quality, cost and time to market are important factors for a manufacturer to remain competitive. Rapid prototyping systems offer the opportunities to make products faster, and usually at lower costs than using conventional methods. Since RP&M can substantially reduce the product development cycle time, more and more businesses are taking advantage of the speed at which product design generated by computers can be converted into accurate models that can be held, viewed, studied, tested, and compared.everal new and promising rapid prototyping manufacturing techniques were discussed.They are all based on material deposition layer by layer.Each of them has particular features in terms of accuracy, material variety and the cost of the machine. Some present problems and research issues were also discussed.This is a rapid development area. Capacities and the potential of rapid prototyping technologies have attracted a wide range of industries to invest technologies.It is espected that greater effort is needed for research and development of those technologies so that they will be widely used in product-oriented manufacturing industries.要求：英文翻译内容：1组合机床总体设计方案2组合机床的总体设计——（三图一卡）3组合机床主轴箱设计4钻孔专用夹具设计参考资料：机械设计手册组合机床设计。
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《专业英语》读书报告姓名：柳佳琛专业：机械设计制造及其自动化班级：08624学号：2008301390088分数：日期：2011年12月11日PART 1 English-Chinese TranslationLesson 48 Capitalizing on CAPP 后半部分原文：The first of these is the variant or retrieval method.In this method,the computer makes a search through its store of a number of standard or partially completed process plans that have been previously developed by human ing the current design data supplied by the CAD system,it searches for a plan that was based on a part of similar design.This search can make effective use of group technology design coding to simplify the search for similar code numbers,and hence for similar part designs.This original plan is then modified or completed by the human planner to suit the exact requirements of the current part design.The use of a computer and group technology to search for the most similar past design,and to retrieve the process plan for that design,significantly reduces the work required of the process planners.Their task becomes one of modifying the existing plan to suit the particular dimensions of the current part.They are required to perform the entire process planning method only in the case of a completely new part design.第一种是检索式工艺过程设计方法。
在该方法中,计算机通常搜索已存储的大量标准或部分完成的计划（由规划者先前规划的）。
通过使用由CAD系统供应的现存设计数据，设计者为新设计搜索的数据都是基于相似的零件设计。
这个搜索能能有效地利用成组技术译码来简化了为寻找相似代码或者相似零件设计的搜索过程。
随后，在最初的计划被规划者修改或完成来符合当前零部件设计的精确要求。
对计算机，搜索过去最相似的设计所使用的成组技术，以及为设计所检索的过程设计的使用，能有效减少过程的计划者的工作要求。
他们的任务变成了为现有计划修改以适应当前零件的特定范围。
他们被要求只在全新的零件的案例设计中演绎的整个过程规划方法。
The second method of computerized process planning is the generative method.In this method,the computer uses stored manufacturing and design data to generate a complete list of all possible process plans that could be used to manufacture the current part.It then exhaustively searches this list for the one which optimizes a specified cost function.This method always yields the optimal process plan for manufacturing a particular part.However,it has a very high cost in time and computer processing expenses.The computations required to produce even a single process plan for an arbitrary part design can be enormously complex.To repeat this for every feasible process plan of a part can become prohibitive.第二种方法是派生式工艺过程设计方法。
在该方法中,计算机利用储存的制造和设计数据来生成一个完整的列表所有可能的工艺计划（可以用于制造当前零件）。
然后计算机为这个计划详尽地搜索这个列表来优化其中规定的价值功能。
该方法总能生产为制造特定零件所需要的最佳工艺计划。
然而，在时间和计算机处理的花费方面，该方法的代价很高。
计算机的估算要求能够为一个零件工序设计一个单一的工序计划，并且这个估算相当复杂。
然而重复每一个可行的零件计划可以被禁止。
Both of these methods of computerized process planning can also be enhanced through the application of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies in the form of expert systems.In the variant method,AI techniques can be applied to perform the modifications to the selected process plan that are currently performed by a human planner.This involves formalizing the process by which the human planner modifies a retrieved process plan.This process is then captured in the expert system.两种计算机化过程规划的方法可以通过应用人工智能技术，以专家系统的形式来提高。
在检索式工艺过程方法中,可运用人工智能技术进行修改以来选择工艺计划（曾经被人工计划完成）。
这涉及到通过人工修订派生式工艺过程设计来使这个过程正式化。
接着这个过程就能被专家系统捕捉到。
This enables the expert system,in conjunction with the existing search process,to produce finished process plans of equivalent quality to the human finished plans.这使得专家系统通过结合现有的搜索过程来生产并完成工艺过程计划，并且这个计划与人工完成的计划等同。
PART 2 Technical WritingThe Book Report of CAPPProcess planning translates design information into the process steps and instructions to efficiently and effectively manufacture products. As the design process is supported by many computer-aided tools, computer-aided process planning has evolved to simplify and improve process planning and achieve more effective use of manufacturing resources.Alternatively, process planning is the systematic determination of the detailed methods by which parts can be manufactured from raw material to finished product. In recent years, computer aided process planning has been recognised as a key element in computer integrated manufacturing . In spite of the fact that tremendous efforts have been made in developing CAPP systems, the benefits of CAPP in real-life manufacturing environments are yet to be seen. With the rapid development of computer-aided techniques, both the design and implementation of CAPP have changed greatly since its development.At present, there are two general approaches to computer aided process planning variant and generative; each one is associated with specific planning techniques.1.Variant Process PlanningIt follows the principle that similar parts require similar plans. Therefore, the process requires a human operator to classify a part, input part information, retrieve a similar process plan from a database, and edit the plan to produce a new variation of thepre-existing process plan. Planning for a new part involves retrieving of an existing plan and modification. In some variant systems parts are grouped into a number of part families, characterized by similarities in manufacturing methods and thus related to group technology.2.Generative Process PlanningGenerates process plans utilizes decision logic, formulae, manufacturing rules, geometrybased data to determine the processes required to convert the raw materials into finished parts.It develops new plan for each part based on input about the part’s features and attributes. Due to the complexity of this approach a generative CAPP system is more difficult to design and implement than a system based on the variant approach. But a generative CAPP system does not require the aid of a human planner, and can produce plans not belonging to an existing part family. It stores the rules of manufacturing and the equipment capabilities in a computer system. The generative approach is complex and a generative system is difficult to develop.Proper combination of the two approaches can make an efficient CAPP system. First the system will check whether the process planning is possible for a new part by variant approach. If variant system is unable to identify the part to be of a previous group or family it will use generative technique for process planning. So both the variant and generative processplanning approaches need further development in parallel.Significant benefits can result from the implementation of CAPP. In a detailed survey of twenty-two large and small companies using generative-type CAPP systems, the following estimated cost savings were achieved:1.58% reduction in process planning effort2.10% saving in direct labor3.4% saving in material4.10% saving in scrap5.12% saving in tooling6.6% reduction in work-in-processIn addition, there are intangible benefits as follows:1.Reduced process planning and production leadtime; faster response toengineering changes2.Greater process plan consistency; access to up-to-date information in a centraldatabase3.Improved cost estimating procedures and fewer calculation errors4.More complete and detailed process plans5.Improved production scheduling and capacity utilization6.Improved ability to introduce new manufacturing technology and rapidly updateprocess plans to utilize the improved technologyFor the past three decades, computer-aided process planning has attracted a large amount of research interest. A huge volume of literature has been published on this subject. Today, CAPP research faces new challenges owing to the dynamic markets and business globalisation. Thus, there is an urgent need to ascertain the current status and identify future trends of CAPP. Covering articles published on the subjects of CAPP in the past 10 years or so, this article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the CAPP research works, a critical analysis of journals that publish CAPP research works, and an understanding of the future direction in the field. First, general information is provided on CAPP. The past reviews are summarised. Discussions about the recent CAPP research are presented in a number of categories, i.e.feature-based technologies, knowledge-based systems, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, Petri nets, agent-based technology, Internet-based technology, STEP-compliant CAPP and other emerging technologies. Research on some specific aspects of CAPP is also provided. Discussions and analysis of the methods are then presented based on the data gatheredfrom the Elsevier's Scopus abstract and citation database. The concepts of ‘Subject Strength’ of a journal and ‘technology impact factor’ are introduced and used for discussions based on the publication data. The former is used to gauge the level of focus of a journal on a particular research subject/domain, whereas the latter is used to assess the level of impact of a particular technology, in terms of citation counts. Finally, a discussion on the future development is presented.The importance of CAPP in a modern manufacturing facility cannot be underestimated. CAPP provides a direct link between design and manufacturing. It reduces the time spent between part design and actual manufacture. The CAPP systems of the future should be dynamic, flexible and intelligent. The successors to intelligent systems will be "learning systems" that can monitor production and feed data back to the system. This feedback wilt become the teacher. The systems will be able to learn from manufacturing mistakes and therefore improve the performance. The advantages of a learning and self-adapting system should include more accurate time and cost estimates, improve productivity, ability to monitor processes, less variability, more reliability and reduced human involvement. The CAPP area has been greatly developed in the last two decades and many techniques have been involved. An attempt has been made to present the state-of-the-art of CAPP systems developed during the period 1989-1996. Some of the welt-known CAPP systems are discussed in this paper. The discussion focuses on the general aspects of the systems, such as, functions, working steps, approaches of implementation, methodologies of knowledgerepresentation, programming language, architecture, and pros and cons of the system.。