洁或避免重复省略句中的一个或几个句子成分这种语法
特殊句式讲义及练习
专题十四特殊句式知识摘要倒装句强调句省略句其他特殊句式祈使句感叹句there be句型考点梳理考点一、倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是主语在前，谓语在后，称为自然语序；另一种是谓语的全部或者部分提到主语的前面，称为倒装语序。
在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称为全部倒装；若只将助动词、情态动词或be动词等谓语的一部分放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。
它的特点是只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。
1.全部倒装(1)表示时间、地点和方位的副词（如there, here, up, down, out, in, away, now,then等）位于句首，句子主语是名词，谓语是go, come, run等时，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。
【温馨提示】主语是代词时，不倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
(2)表“地点”的方位名词置于句首强调地点，且句子的主语是名词时。
North of the city lies a river. 城北有一条河。
(3)作状语或表语表地点的介词短语位于句首，主语是名词时。
Before the village is a river. 村庄前有一条河。
In the house at the foot of the mountain lived an old man.山脚下的房子里住着一位老人。
(4)作表语的形容词或分词位于句首，主语是名词时。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
(5)such作主语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”，主语是名词时。
Such were his words. = Such was what he said. 他就是这样说的。
高二英语必修五Unit 5 section 4
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2．表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓
语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语
是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 If so(＝If it is so)，you must go back and get it. 如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。 Look out for cars when crossing the street
六、虚拟语气中的省略
1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前，构
成部分倒装。 Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her. ＝If you had come here yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
The news made me angry，but(the news made)John happy.这
条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。
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四、主从复合句中的省略
1．宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从 句时，只能省略第一个that。 I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我 知道她是一名教师，也是一位优秀的作家。
I have some trouble(in)learning English.
我学英语有困难。 What prevented him(from)going? 什么事阻止了他去？
高中英语语法-省略句。吉林油田高中朱雪燕
• 5.动词不定式的省略 • 1)She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want to (dance with her). • --Will you go with me? • --Well, I’d like to (go with you). • 总结：1. 为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的
• 助动词的省略。 • （Does） Anyone want a drink? • I suggest that we （should ）have a class meeting to discuss the plan.
• 2. 在祈使句中 • (You) Open the door, please. (You’d) Better take an unbrella. • 3. 在感叹句中 • What a good boy (he is)! • What a fine day (it is)!
• What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷) • A. the way B. in the way that • C. in the way D. the way which
（三）宾语从句中的省略 • 1.We all know (that) light travels faster than sound. • I hope (that) you’ll be fine soon. • 1.引导宾语从句的连词that常被省 略，但多个宾语从句并列时,通常 只省略第一个that
• The man we followed suddenly stoped as if to see whether he was going in the right direction. • He acts as if （he were） a foo （she was）angry．
高中英语语法——省略句(26张PPT)
please.
的一部分）
A: Would you like to
come to the party? B: I’d love to (come the
party).
不定式后 省略动词
They do not visit their parents
as much as they ought to (visit
பைடு நூலகம்
— Well, her parents wouldn’t allow
her to go to the party, but she
still _____.
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes not
D. hopes for
（江苏2017）
4. — Have you got any particular
You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).
不定式后省略动词
7) Sounds like a good idea. (It) sounds like a good idea.
8) Anything I can do for you? (Is there) anything I can do for you?
5. Sorry to hear that. I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
It’s/ What a pity you couldn’t come. 7. This way, please.
Step this way, please.
省略句
三 复合句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如： ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替
－Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? －I think so. so I think I’m leaving for Beijing this Sunday. －Tom must be free today. －If so, he can help us. so If he is free.
③ 在see, look at, hear, listen to, watch, notice，
observe，feel，have，make，let等词后作宾语补足语 时，须省略不定式符号to。如： 昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。 Yesterday I listened to Mary speak movingly about her love story once again. 她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。 Her love story always makes me cry. 判断正误： He was seen to cheat in the exam. ( √ ) 有人看见他考试作了弊。 He was made to admit that he had cheated in the exam. (√ )他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。 注:以上动词若可用于被动语态,不定式符号to不可省略。
若从句的主语是it或与主句的主 语相同，且谓语是be时，常同时 省略从句的主语和be。
[英语语法]省略句
![[英语语法]省略句](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7c175fe8102de2bd96058823.png)
省略句定义：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称之为省略。
英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。
句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况：1.省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分2.不定式符号to的省略3.不定式结构中动词的省略4.状语从句中的省略5.定语从句中关系词的省略6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略省略句常见情况具体分析：1，在有and连接的句子中为了避免重复，长省略一些重复的词或者词组：1），省略共同的主语或者宾语。
Mr Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr Smith) handed it to a policeman.2），若主语不同，而谓语，助动词或者情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been ) doing her homework.3), 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4),若主语不同的话，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter 1998, and Bob (was born ) in 1989.5) 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept and (because he had ) missed the train.2，状语从句的省略1），在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though 等引导的状语从句中，其实是：包括时间，让步，方式等一些状语从句中，若从句主语和主句主语相同，或者是it时，且从句的主语为be动词时，则从句中的主语和be动词常全部被省略。
英语省略句的用法
英语省略句的用法省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面：1.为避免重复而进行的省略。
当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。
高考中尤其要注意的情况是：当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be 时，往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。
例如： He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。
虽然身体还很虚弱，但他非常努力地工作。
2.语法上的省略。
有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明，例如：He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。
十二岁。
走了十英里路。
3.习惯用法上的省略。
有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。
例如，在问句中be常常省略，有时连主语一起省略： Very easy?很简单吗？A. anyB. someC. fewD. many［答案］ C［解析］下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。
题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式，单独看起来不好理解，应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.”1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour［答案］ B［解析］表示时间的名词one more hour在这里相当于祈使句“Give me one more hour.”，与and后面的陈述句并列，表示时间的名词经常可以以单独出现的省略形式表示一个祈使句的含义。
［考题3］ After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit［答案］ D［解析］表示他清醒之后回忆起过去发生的情况，应选用动名词的形式而不是不定式的形式，先排除选项A和B；由于主语是被袭击，应表示出被动语态，进一步排除C而选出D。
省略句(英语)
定义：为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或 几个成分，这种语法现象称为“省略”。
英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成 为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下 7种情况：
1.省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分 2.不定式符号to的省略 3.不定式结构中动词的省略 4.状语从句中的省略 5.定语从句中关系词的省略 6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略 7.not, so, neither, nor 的“替代性”省略
3. Sounds like a good idea. (It) sounds like a good idea. 4. Anything I can do for you? (Is there) anything I can do for you?Βιβλιοθήκη 省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分
(1) (I) Beg your pardon. 省略主语 (2) (It) Sounds like a good idea. (1) (Is) Anybody here? (2) (Is there) Anything I can do 省略谓语或谓 语的一部分 for you?
简单句中的省略
1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其 它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) See you tomorrow.
(2) (It) Doesn’t matter.
2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .
(2) (Will you) Have a smoke ?
(1) (Are you) Hungry? (2) (I want) Orange juice, please.
省略主语 和谓语
高中英语语法之省略句
4.表示讲话人的意见和看法
(It) sounds fine to me. (It’s a) pity you couldn’t come.
5.提问
(Is there) anything wrong? (Have you) found the bike?
6.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住 宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的 事物
省略句
为了避免重复, 省略句中的一个或 几个成分,这种语法 现象称为省略.
简单句中的省略
1.在对话中 --How is your mother today?
--(She is ) much better. 2.在祈使句中 （You) open the door,please. 3.在感叹句中 What a (good) boy (he is)! How (hard) they are working!
2)有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。
3)以as,than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分 省去。
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
After half a hour, she become quieter (than she had been.)
3.A computer does only what thinking people _________. (1999上海高考) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后 作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。
语法：省略
He has made a lot of films, but ______ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many
四、肯定结构
So+助动词/情态动词/ be+主语。 这一结构用来表示相同概念， 即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一个人或物，意思是“同
样”、“也那样”， 常理解为倒装结构。例如：
六、不定式的省略
1.在see, watch, hear , feel ,observe , notice , look at ,listen to 等感官动词及使役动词 let,, make , have 后的“宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中， 不定式符号 to 须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时， 其后的不定式要还原加上 to。例如： I haven’t told you that my family made a lot of money in the nineteenth century by making children work 16 hours a day in their factories. The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.
二、复合句的省略
1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中 由when, while ,as, once, whenever 引导的时间状语从中； 由though, although, even if, even though 引导的让步状 语从句中； 由as though , as if ,as 引导的方式状语从句中； 由because 引导的原因状语从句； 由wherever 引导的地点状语从句。
1). The boy died and a week later ,so did his sister. 这个男孩死了，一周以后，他的姐姐也死了。
高考英语陷阱题中的省略句
高考英语陷阱题中的省略省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段，在语言应用中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。
在英语考试中，也经常会采用微型语境的方法，使用省略手段来设计考试陷阱，增加考试的难度。
在考试陷阱中，所涉及的省略情况一般有:词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。
一、承前省略陷阱所谓承前省略指的是当前后两句结构相同时，通常可将后一结构与前一结构相同的部分省略，从而使句子更简洁。
一般说来，这种省略考生是可以根据上下文的语境做出正确理解的，但是，当这种省略与其他英语句型相似并很容易发生混淆时，就可能张冠李戴，步入误区。
如果命题者刚好抓住这一点来巧妙设题，就很可能构成有一定难度的陷阱题。
如：1.—What should I do with this passage?—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005重庆卷)A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out【分析】答案选C。
很容易误选A或D，误认为这是考查非谓语动词。
根据问句可知，完整的答语应是Y ou should find out...，此处是承前省略了Y ou should，所以就是Find out。
2. My friend Mary is______beautiful girl and______girl everyone likes to work with.A. a， aB. a，theC. the， aD. the，the【分析】此题很容易误选B，认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。
但其实最佳答案是A。
句中第二次提到girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为My friend Mary isa beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.请再看两道题(答案选A)：(1) Jim is______brave boy and______boy never fearing anything.A. a， aB. a，theC. the， aD. the，the(2) It is ______really useful dictionary and_____dictionary every one of us needs.A. a， aB. a，theC. the， aD. the，the3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?”“ ______ she was a woman.”A. /B. WhenC. ThatD. What【分析】此题最佳答案选C。
人教版英语必修五第五单元语法省略句
语法指南
(2)定语从句中的省略
①在限制性定语从句中做宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可省略。
He is one of the men (whom) I can trust. 他是我信任的人之一。
②修饰way的关系副词that(=in which)可以省略。
This is the way (that/in which) he studies. 这就是他的学习方法。 ③在非正式用语中,关系副词when,why,代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。
语法指南
(4)虚拟语气中的省略
在if引导的虚拟语气中,如从句中含有助动词were,had,should,则可省去if,把 were,had,should提到从句句首。 Were John here,he would know what to do. 要是约翰在这儿,他会知道该怎么做。 Had anything happened,he would have let her know. 要是发生了什么事,他会让她知道的。 Should she lose her place,they all would be ruined. 要是她丢了职位,他们就都完了。
语法指南
(3)状语从句中的省略 ①在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中,如果其主语和主句的主语一 致,或从句的主语是it且从句中谓语动词包含be,常把从句的主语和be省略。 Unless (it is) necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
——是的,他们是我的朋友。
语法指南
(6)系动词的省略
有些省略结构省去了系动词,尤其在口语中。
Everything in good condition. 样样东西都完好无损。
高中英语语法省略详细讲解
2)在I’m afraid,I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so 与 not 分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语 从句可省去。
并列句中的省略
1. 后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被 省略。 She was poor but (she was) honest. 2. 有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前 面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能 掌握全句的完整意义。 Mary can (speak English) and Mary ought to speak English.
6. You can do it if you want to do it. 7. My father planned all these houses and my father built all these houses. 8. He is the last person that I want to see. 9. He worked hard but his brother did not work hard. 10. While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time. 11. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor.
2)有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩 下主句。 I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
英语中的省略现象
英语中的省略现象在英语中，有时为了言简意赅，突出关键词语；有时为了避免重复；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。
英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。
英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：（一）口头和书面语中为了言简意赅进行省略。
如：Glad to see you! (It’s glad to see you. 的省略，省略了主语和be动词)Lovely weather, isn’t it? (同样省略了主语和be动词)It’s such a warm day, why not go to swim in the river? (这种省略句比Why do you not go to swim in the river更地道。
)这种省略在使用时似乎需要一定的情景，也就是常和语境搭配。
How they are working! (他们工作多起劲啊！)Your pardon? = I beg your pardon.Who next? (Who comes next? 的省略，省略了谓语)在现代英语中，为了言简意赅省略小品词是一种语法要求。
如：The boss made his men work eighteen hours a day. 不定式中的to必须省略掉。
但是，该结构如果变成被动语态，to又必须加上去。
如：John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment. (1991年高考题)He spent three days doing the work. (动名词前的介词in通常省去)Excuse me (for) my poor hearing. (动名词前的介词for可省去)I think (that) physics is a difficult subject. (引导宾语从句的that 常省略)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. (定语从句中，关系代词作宾语常省略。
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C had Bob walked farther . D if Bob walked farther .
4.Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ill, and her parents suggested that she ___a medical examination .
1.When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A completed .
B completing .
C being completed.
D to be completed .
2.When first ___ to the market ,these products enjoyed great success.
4 定语从句与名词性从句的省略。
1。在限制性定语从句中，做宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that 可以省 略。
The girl (who/that /whom) the teacher spoke to is Li Ling . 2.在say, know, think, consider等动词后所接的宾语从句中，连词that 可以 省略。
3.He went to the doctor because he had to go the doctor.
4.Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who borrowed it .
3
在状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be ，主语和主句的主语
是一致的或主语是it .主语和be 常可以省略。
A be ,should have. B was , have . C should be , had . D was ,has .
5.___be sent to work there?
A ,who do you suggest.
B who do you suggest that should .
C Do you suggest who should . D, Do you suggest .
---He won’t come . ---why ?( won’t he come)
2
在并列句中，如果后面分句与前面分句有相同的部分，就
常常被省略，以避免重复。有时省略也出现在前一个分句， 或前后两个分句都出现省略。
Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
1.The skin is an essential part of your body and the skin is your body’s largest organ.
The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.
A introducing . B introduced . C introduce. D being introduced .
3.___with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all .
A compare. B when comparing . C comparing . D when compared.
1。主语的省略，
句子成分的省略
I beg your pardon . You come in please. It sounds like a good idea.
2。谓语或谓语的一部分。
Is there anything I can do for you ? Is anybody here?
3.宾语或表语。
1.____fired , your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .
A would you be, B should you be . C could you be . D sounds.
2.___it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
为了使语言简洁或避免 重复，省略句中的一个 或几个句子成分，这种 语法现象称为省略。
Look at these pairs of sentences. Discuss the difference between A and B in each pair, Also discuss which is the better sentence and why.
4.The research is so designed that once ___nothing can be done to change it .
A begins . B having begun . C beginning . D begun .
在虚拟条件从句中有were ,had 或 should 时可省略if. 把were ,had ,should 提到句首。构 成部分倒装句式。在表示建议，命令，要求等时，相关 的名词性从句谓语动词要求用should +v. should可以省 略。
B: Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area. When necessary.
A: These burns are not serious and they should feel better within a day or two days.
B: These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two days.
5.不定式to 后省略动词。
Would you like to come to the party? ---I would love to come to the party.
They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents.
Open the door .
What a cold day!
(is there) anything I can do for you?
4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺，住宅，教堂，或上文已暗示或 明确指出过的事物。
At her mother’s (house). 5.在对别人的话作出反映，说出看法或提问时。
1.That is an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ___ he ‘s done for you A something. B anything. C all . D that . 2.Playing tricks on others is ___we should never do. A anything. B something . C everything. D nothing . 3.What surprised me was not what he said but ___he said it . A the way. B in the way that . C in the way . D the way which 4.-why does she always ask you for help? - there is no one else____. Is there ? A who to turn to . B she can turn to . C for whom to turn . D for her to turn .. 5.The burn that she got from the iron was red . 6.Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday?
He said (that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart . 3.由which ,when ,where, how why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。
He will come back, but he doesn’t know when (he will come back). 4.先行词the way 意为方式，方法时，后面可省略关系词。
A: You can get burned by hot liquids and you can get burned by steam.
B: You can get burned by hot liquids and steam.
A: Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area. When a bandage is necessary.
Can you tell the way I learn the English well? 5.先行词为the time, the moment , the minute . Every time 等时，可省去 关系词（此时“先行词+从句”含义上相当于一个时间状语从句）。
She always brings me many snacks every time she drops in.
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeed .
had he taken my advice, he would have succeed.