英美文学名词解释1

英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释Alliteration (头韵)Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。

Classicism (古典主义)A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。

Comedy (喜剧)A dramatic work that is often humorous or satirical in tone and usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict. 喜剧：轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调子上是讽刺的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的愉快解决Conflict (冲突)A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。

Couplet (双韵体)A unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit.双韵体：包括两个相连的诗行的一种诗的单位，通常压韵并具有同样的格律，经常组成一个完整的意思和句法单位Heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)A couplet written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic couplet.英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。

英美文学名词解释(1)

1puritanism清教主义The dogmas 教条preached by Puritans. They believed that all men were predestined命中注定and the individual ‘s free will played no part in his quest for salvation. This was a rejection of the dogmas preached by the Roman Catholic Church and its rites仪式. The Puritans also advocated a strict moral code which prohibited many earthly pleasures such as dancing and other merry-makings.清教徒提倡严格的道德准则禁止如跳舞和其他许多世俗的快乐的气质。

They stressed the virtues of self-discipline,自律thrift节俭and hard work as evidence that one was among the “elect” to be chosen to go to Heaven after death2RomanticismThe term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, 残忍的stupidity, superstition,迷信的and barbarism. Instead, the Romantics asserted that reliance 依赖upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics 伦理and living. The Romantic movement typically asserts 声称，代言the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status 特权地位of imagination and fancy想象和幻想, the value of spontaneity over “artifice” and “convention”价值的理解“技巧”和“公约”，the human need for emotional outlets, the spiritual destruction 精神上的摧残of urban life.城市生活。

(完整版)英美文学名词解释最全版

01. Humanism(人文主义)1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classicism(古典主义)Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1>The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present ,with death and graveyard as themes.2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)1>In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England.2>It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.3>In the history of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. 4> The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)1>Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)1>Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）1>The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet, Theophile Gautier, the first Englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The Victorian period(维多利亚时期)1>In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)1>Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting, music and architecture.4> in England from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions. fresh ways of looki ng at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style. It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow, tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. Famous writers to employ this technique in the English language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

英美文学名词解释复习要点 (1)

英国文学名词解释1. epicAn epic is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. The earlier ones concern the history and legends of a country or a region and include stories and information from many anonymous sources. These were oral or folk epics of which some were later written down. The epics of the ancient Greek poet Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, and Beowulf, written in old English and found in the late 10th century, are good examples. Later epics were deliberately composed by one author and written down. The ancient Roman Virgil is regarded as the first composer of such epics.2. sonnetA Sonnet is a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length: iambic pentameters in English, alexandrines in French, hendecasyllables in Italian. The rhyme schemes of the sonnet follow two basic patterns. The Italian sonnet (also called the Petrarchan sonnet after the most influential of the Italian sonneteers) comprisesan 8-line 'octave' of two quatrains, rhymed abbaabba, followed by a 6-line 'sestet' usually rhymed cdecde or cdcdcd. The English sonnet (also called the Shakespearean sonnet after its foremost practitioner) comprises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. Originating in Italy, the sonnet was established by Petrarch in the 14th century as a major form of love poetry, and came to be adopted in Spain, France and England in the 16th century and in Germany in the 17th. The standard subject-matter of early sonnets was the torments of sexual love (usually within a courtly love convention), but in the 17th century John Donne extended the sonnet's scope to religion, while Millton extended it to politics.3. Stream of consciousnessStream of consciousness is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depictedvividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.4. Lake PoetsWordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were also called the Lake Poets, because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England, and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their work. All three of them had radical inclinations in their youth but later turned conservative.4. Morality playThe Morality plays or Moralities sprang up in England in the 15th century alongside of the Mystery andMiracle plays. They are different in that the morality play doesn’t tell stories from the Bible nor about the lives of the saints, but is a dramatized allegory in which abstract virtues and vices such as Mercy, Conscience and Shame, appear in personified form, in order to illustrate moral or religious doctrines.。

英美文学名词解释 1

英美文学名词解释 1. Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. 寓言：用诗歌或散文讲的故事，在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品质。

所有的寓言都是一个具有双重意义、文学内涵或象征意义的故事。

2. Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. 头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。

3. Allusion: A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion. 典故：文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应的一个人物、地点、事件或文学作品。

典故或来自历史、地理、文学或宗教。

4. American Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moraltruths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. In presenting the extremes of life, the naturalists sometimes displayed an affinity to the sensationalism of early romanticism, but unlike their romantic predecessors, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.。

英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释英美文学是指英国和美国地区的文学作品和文学传统。

在这个领域中，存在着许多特殊的术语和概念，有助于我们理解和欣赏这些文学作品。

本文将解释和介绍一些常见的英美文学名词，以帮助读者深入理解和掌握这些文学作品。

一、1.文学流派（Literary Genre）：指文学作品按照特定主题、风格或结构的类别进行分类。

常见的文学流派包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。

不同的文学流派具有独特的特点和写作风格，反映了不同的文学趣味和审美观念。

2.现实主义（Realism）：是19世纪中期兴起的一种文学流派，强调对现实生活的逼真描写和展示。

现实主义文学追求真实、客观和可信的表达方式，通过描绘日常生活和社会环境来反映现实社会的不同层面。

3.自然主义（Naturalism）：自然主义是现实主义的一种延伸，强调环境和遗传因素对人的行为和命运的决定性作用。

自然主义文学突出了人类生存环境对人性的影响，对人类行为进行科学观察和探索。

4.浪漫主义（Romanticism）：浪漫主义强调个体情感、想象力和超验的体验，追求自由和独立的精神境界。

浪漫主义文学追求充满激情、抒发个人感受和探索内心世界的形式。

二、1.象征主义（Symbolism）：象征主义是19世纪末20世纪初出现的一种文学和艺术运动，强调使用象征性的意象和隐喻来表达深层的情感和思想。

象征主义文学倾向于表达个体的情感体验和心灵探索。

2.现代主义（Modernism）：现代主义是20世纪初兴起的一种文学和艺术运动，强调对传统形式和观念的挑战和颠覆。

现代主义文学追求形式上的创新和实验，探索自我意识、哲学思考和社会变革。

3.后现代主义（Postmodernism）：后现代主义是现代主义的继承和超越，强调文化多样性、相对主义和戏仿。

后现代主义文学打破传统的叙事和结构规则，以戏仿和颠覆的方式探索权力、真实性和历史观念。

4.现实主义小说（Realistic Novel）：现实主义小说以真实的描写和社会批判为特征，通过塑造现实人物的经历和命运来反映社会问题。

英美文学名词解释

1.古英语：（Old English或Anglo-Saxon）是指从450年到1150年间的英语。

古英语和现代英语无论在读音、拼写、词汇和语法上都很不一样。

古英语的语法和德语比较相近，形态变化很复杂。

公元410年，罗马人结束了对英国的占领，随后，来自德国北部平原的三个日耳曼部落：昂格鲁人（Angles），撒克逊人，和朱尔特人开始到不列颠定居．英语就是盎格鲁_撒克逊的人的语言．语言史家一般把英语的历史分为三个时期：古英语，中英语，现代英语．古英语的名词有数和格的分别。

数分为单数、复数；格分为主格、所有格、与格、宾格。

因此一个名词加起来共有8种变化形式。

此外，名词还分阳性、中性和阴性。

但是比较奇怪的是，这些性的区分并不是以性别来判断的，而且没有性别的事物也未必是中性。

例如妇女就是阳性的。

2. 头韵(Alliteration)：是英语语言学分支文体学的重要术语。

头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染力.从应用范围、结构特征以及审美价值三个方面对其进行分析讨论,将有助于我们理解和欣赏这一辞格. 头韵在英语里叫alliteration，又叫initial rhyme，或head rhyme，是从拉丁语短语ad literam (根据字母)转化而来的，指两个单词或两个单词以上的首字母相同，形成悦耳的读音，最常见的押头韵的短语有：first and foremost（首先）、（with）might and main (尽全力地)、saints and sinners （圣人与罪人）、（in）weal and (or) woe（无论是福是祸）。

若追本探源的话，恐怕押头韵手法可以上溯到古英语(Old English)时期。

大约五世纪时，盎格鲁萨克逊( Anglo-Saxons)入侵者给英国人带来了作为现代英语(Modern English)基础的盎格鲁萨克逊语，或许就在那时还带来一种新的诗歌形式，其主要特征就是频繁使用押头韵手法。

英美文学名词解释

1 Alliteration (头韵)Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。

2. Ballad (民谣)A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung3 Ballad Stanza (民谣诗节)A type of four-line stanza, the first and the third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses.3 Autobiography (自传)A person‘s account of his or her own life.4. Biography (传记)A detailed account of a person‘s life written by another person.传记：由他人篆写的关于某人生平的详细记录。

5. Classicism (古典主义)A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。

6. Comedy (喜剧)A dramatic work that is often humorous or satirical in tone and usuallycontains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict.喜剧：轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调子上是讽刺的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的愉快解决7. Conflict (冲突)A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。

英国Renaissance：The term originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman) artsand sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism(蒙昧主义）. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. The real mainstream of English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.Humanism:Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity ofhuman beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.Romance:Any imagination literature that is set in an idealized world and deals with heroicadventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings, knights and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of medieval romances.University Wits: University Wits refers to a group of scholars during the Elizabethan Agewho graduated from either Oxford or Cambridge. They came to London with the ambition to become professional writers. Some of them later became famous poets and playwrights. They were called “University Wits”. Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the University Wits.Metaphysical Poetry:Metaphysical poetry is a derogatory(贬义的）term invented byJohn Dryden and later adopted by Samuel Johnson describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold(大胆的) and ingenious (有独创性的）conceits, imagery, complexity of thought, frequent use of paradox. The main themes are love, death, and religion. The chief representative of this school was John Donne.Cavalier Poets:The cavaliers are royalists, whose poetry was marked by courtliness,urbanity(雅致，礼貌）, and polish（优雅）. They were lyrical poets, and dealt chiefly with the theme of love and the theme of “carpe diem”(及时行乐）. The chief representative of this school was Ben Jonson.Neoclassicism: A revival in the 17th and 18th centuries of classical standards of order ,balance, and harmony in literature, John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neoclassical school.British Romanticism:A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, andart in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty. The English Romantic period is an age of poetry. Characteristics: subjectivism; spontaneity; singularity; worship of nature; simplicity.Modernism:It is an international movement in literature and arts, especially in literarycriticism, which began in the late 19th century. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy(非理性哲学) and the theory of psycho-analysis(精神分析) as its theoretical base. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private and subjunctive than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner of an individual. The characteristics of modernists writings are as below: complexity and obscurity(晦涩); the use of symbols; allusion; irony.Stream of consciousness:“Stream-of-Consciousness”or “interior monologue”, isone of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used by the Irish novelist James Joyce.Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted(模糊的）, distracted（心烦意乱的）and illusory（错觉的）psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings（沉思）of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.Black Humor: It is mostly employed to describe baleful(恶意的), naive, or inept(笨拙的)characters in a fantastic or horrible modern world playing out their roles in a“tragic farce(闹剧)”，in which the events are often simultaneous comic, horrifying, and absurd. Joseph Heller’ s Catch-22 can be taken as an example of the employment of this technique.The Theater of the Absurd: It refers to a kind of drama that explains an existentialideology and presents a view of the absurdity of the human condition by abandoning of usual or rational devices and the use of nonrealistic form.The Angry Young Man: The Angry Young Men is a journalistic catchphrase(标语)applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s. Their works mainly express the bitterness of the lower classes towards the established sociopolitical system and hypocrisy of the middle and upper classes. The playwright John Osborne was the example of these angry young men with his play Look Back in Anger.美国American Romanticism: The Romantic Period covers the first half of the 19th century.A rising America with its ideals of democracy and equality, the booming economy, the flourishing publications and a variety of foreign influences made its literary expansion possible and inevitable. Romantics shared some characteristics: moral enthusiasm, individuality and intuitive perception. Romantic values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War.American Transcendentalism: American Transcendentalism is more than an attitudeof Transcendentalists. To transcend something is to rise above(克服) it , to pass beyond its limits. The transcendentalists speak for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. The major features of the American Transcendentalism can be summarized as follows : First, transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in Universe; Second, they stressed the importance of individuals; Third, they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.American Naturalism: The American Naturalism accepted the more negativeinterpretation of Darwin’s evolutionary theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits were conditioned by social and economic forces. American Naturalism was evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing became less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It was no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. Dreiser is a leading figure of this school.American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period toan end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering(表现) of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of Puritans . TheAmerican puritans, like their English Brothers, are idealists. They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But due to the grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical. American Puritanism is so much a part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenets.Local Colorism: Local Colorism or regionalism as a trend to first made its presence feltin the late 1860s and early 1870s in America. The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to write or to present local characters of their regions in truthful depiction distinguished from others, usually a very small part of the world.Determinism: Determinism is the philosophical belief that events are shaped by forcesbeyond the control of human beings. Determinism, important to the literature at the end of the 19th century, assigns control especially to heredity and environment, without seeking their origins further than science can trace. Determinism usually leads to the tragic fate of the characters in novel.Psychological realism: It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into(探究） the complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. Henry James’s novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism. And He nry James is considered the founder of psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator, and not in any facts of which the spectator is unaware.Imagism:Imagism was a poetic vogue(流行) that flourished in England, and even morevigorously in America. It was planned and exemplified by a group of English and American writers in London as a revolt against the sentimental and discursive(散漫的) poetry at the turn of the century. The typical imagist poetry likes to express the writers’momentary impression of a visual object or scene and often the impression is rendered(提出) by means of metaphor without indicating a relation. The most imagist poem, In a station of the Metro is written by Ezra Pound.Southern Renaissance: The Southern Renaissance is the revival of American Southernliterature that began in the 1920s and 1930s until the 1950s. Much of the writings in this unit featured the struggle between those who embraced social changes and those who were more skeptical or challenged social change outright. The writers and intellectuals of the South after the late 1920s were engaged in an attempt to come to terms not only with the inherited values of the Southern tradition, but also with a certain way of perceiving and dealing with the past. The Lost Generation:This term has been used to describe the people of the postwaryears. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates”or exiles. Writers like Hemingway were caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. They wandered pointlessly and restlessly, enjoying things like fishing, swimming, and beauties of nature, but they were aware all the while that the world is crazy and meaningless and futile. The Beat Generation: The Beat Generation refers to a loosely-knit group of poets andnovelists, writing in the second half of the 1950s and early 1960s. They shared a set of social attitudes——anti-establishment, anti-political, anti-intellectual, opposed to the prevailing cultural, literal, and moral values, and were in favor of unfettered(无拘无束的）self-realization and self-expression.Hemingway Code Hero: As a concept from Hemingway’s works, code hero is definedby Hemingway as a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honour, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic(混乱的）,often stressful, and always painful.A code hero is an average man of decidedly masculine tastes, a man who is sensitive and intelligent, a man of actions and of few words. This kind of people are usually spiritually strong,with certain skills, and most of them encounter death many times.Jazz Age: The Jazz Age describes the period from 1918 to 1929, the years after the end ofWorld War I, continuing through the Roaring Twenties and ending with the rise of the Great Depression in America. Among the prominent concerns and trends of the period are the public embrace of technological developments as well as new modernists trends in social behavior, arts and culture. The representative writer is F·Scott Fitzgerald with his novel The great Gatsby.Waste Land Painters: Waste Land Painters refer to such writers as F·Scott Fitzgerald,T·S Eliot, Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. With their writings, all of them paintsthe post-war western world as a waste land, lifeless and hopeless.。

《英美文学史》名词解释

英美文学史名词解释1.English Critical RealismEnglish critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The realists first and foremost criticized the capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated (portrayed) the crying (extremely shocking) contradictions of bourgeois reality. The greatness of the English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of the ruling classes, but also in their sympathy for the laboring people. Humor and satire are used to expose and criticize the seamy (dark) side of reality. The major contribution of the critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray are the most important representative of English critical realism.2.The "Stream of Consciousness"The "stream of consciousness" is a psychological term indicating "the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person's will." In late 19th century, the literary device of "interior monologue" was originated in France as an application of modern psychological knowledge to literary creations. In the 20th century, under the influence of Freud 's theory of psychological analysis, a number of writers adopted the "stream of consciousness" method of novel writing. The striking featureof these novelists is their giving precedence to the depiction of the characters' mental and emotional reactions to external events, rather than the events themselves. In doing so, the novelists abandoned the conventional usages of realistic plot structure, characterization and description, and their works became successions of "fleeting images of the external world mingled with thoughts and half-thoughts and shadows of thought attached to the immediate present or moving back and forth in memory." James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best known novelists of the "stream of consciousness".3.TranscendentalismTranscendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature in the 19th century. Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively". Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and Nature. The most important representatives are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.4.RenaissanceRenaissance in European history refers to the period from 14th century to 17th century. "Renaissance" means "revival", the revival of interest in Ancient Greek and Roman culture and getting rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that expressthe interests of the rising bourgeoisie. It started in Italy and ended in England and Spain. Renaissance has two striking features. One is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature; the other is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.5.Passive RomanticismEnglish romanticism began when Lyrical Ballad was published in 1798 and ended in 1832. It in effect is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The romanticists who saw both the corruption of the feudal societies and the inhumanity of capitalism and felt that the society denied people their essential human needs. They were discontented with, and opposed to the development of capitalism. Some romantic writers reflected the thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoisie, and by way of protest against capitalism development turned to the feudal past, i.e., the "merry old English", as their ideal, or, "frightened by the coming of industrialism and the nightmare towns of industry, they were turning to nature to nature for protection." These were the elder and sometimes called passive or escapist romantics, represented by Wordsworth and Coleridge.6. ImagismImagism is a Movement in U.S. and English poetry characterized bythe use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. It grew out of the Symbolist Movement in 1912 and was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others. The Imagist manifesto that came out in 1912 showed three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the “thing” (no fuss, frill or ornament), exclusion of superfluous words (precision and economy of expression), the rhyme of the musical phrase rather than the sequence of a metronome (free verse form and music).7. The Local Color MovementThe local color movement came into particular prominence in America after the Civil War, perhaps as an attempt to recapture the glamour of a past era, or to portray the sections of the reunited country. Local color as a literary school emphasizes its setting, being concerned with the character of a district or of an era, as marked by its customs, dialects costumes, landscape or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influences. In local color literature, one finds the dual influence of romanticism and realism since the author frequently looks away from ordinary life to distant lands, strange customs, or exotic scenes, but retains through minute detail a sense of fidelity and accuracy of description. Mark Twain is a representative of the American Local Colorism.8. The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation is applied to the American writers who fought in the First World War, voluntarily exiled to Paris, and associated with the informal literary saloon of Gertrude Stein’s Paris home for a certain period of time. They were all disillusioned with the American Tradition of writing as well as the post-war American society. The most eloquent spokesman of the group is Earnest Hemingway. Other writers are Ezra Pound, Fitzgerald, etc..。

英美文学名词解释汉语版

英美文学名词解释汉语版
1. 小说 (Novel): 是一种长篇的虚构故事，通常以人物形象和情节为主要构成要素。

2. 散文 (Prose): 是一种以自由的、非诗歌形式的文学作品，通常有较为正式的句子结构和逻辑表达方式。

3. 诗歌 (Poetry): 是一种以押韵、节奏和音乐性为特点的文学形式，通常用比喻、象征和意象来表达作者的情感和观点。

4. 戏剧 (Drama): 是一种能够在舞台上演出的文学形式，通常包括对话、角色互动和舞台指导。

5. 悲剧 (Tragedy): 是一种戏剧类型，通常描绘了主角在命运和自身缺陷之间的斗争，并以悲惨结局告终。

6. 喜剧 (Comedy): 是一种戏剧类型，通常以幽默和滑稽情节为特点，旨在给观众带来愉快和欢笑。

7. 叙事诗 (Epic poem): 是一种长篇叙事诗歌，从古代传统英雄故事中派生而来，通常讲述了一个英雄或重大事件的史诗式叙事。

8. 短篇小说 (Short story): 是一种长度较短的虚构故事，通常聚焦于一个具体的事件或角色，呈现出作者的观点或主题。

9. 传记 (Biography): 是一种通过详细描述一个人的生平和事迹来记录他们的生活和成就的文学作品。

10. 自传 (Autobiography): 是一种以作者自己的经历和回忆为基础写成的传记，通常描绘了作者的成长经历和个人观点。

英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释1.The characteristic features in romanticperiod:①subjectivism主观主义: The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.强烈情感的自然流露②spontaneity自然性: The role of instinct, intuition is stressed in this period.③singularity奇特性: Poets in this period have a favor in describing unusual things④worship of nature对自然的崇拜: a main feature in this period⑤ simplicity质朴性: Common people gradually become the center of attention in this period.⑥ melan choly feelings deeply entrenched in this period.愁思的情绪充斥着这个时期。

⑦poets show their favor to outpour their feelings through their lines. 作家较喜欢通过诗句抒发情感。

2.literary points in the lyrical ballads:1.It mainly talked about Common people.2. Use vivid imaginationto constitute their poems.3.they respect Laws of humanity 4.Use Simple language 5. Focus on Morale principl e.3. Lake poets and their works:①William wordsworth: Lyrical ballads, the solitary reaper ②Samuel Taylor Coleridge :lyrical ballads, kubla khan ③Ro bert southey: a vision of trail, the doctor.4. The common features of Victorian novels:①the plot is unfolded against background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.②the course-effect sequence is much more striking than in previous novels.围绕主人公经历而形成的原因与其影响比以往小说更显精彩。

英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释英美文学名词解释1. Restoration Comedy: Restoration Comedy refers to a genre of drama that emerged in the late 17th century in England during the Restoration period. It is characterized by its witty and satirical nature, often mocking social conventions and manners of the time. Some prominent examples of Restoration comedies include "The Way of the World" by William Congreve and "The Country Wife" by William Wycherley.2. Romanticism: Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe, but also had a significant influence on English and American literature in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It emphasized the individual's emotional and imaginative connection with nature, celebrated the power of individualism, and often explored themes of love, passion, and the supernatural. Some notable Romantic poets include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Lord Byron.3. Tragic Hero: A tragic hero refers to the protagonist of a tragedy who possesses noble qualities but also has a tragic flaw that leads to their downfall. They often undergo a reversal of fortune and experience great suffering as a result of their flaw. This concept was popularized by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and has been a recurring theme in English and American literature. Examples of tragic heroes in literature include Macbeth from Shakespeare's play "Macbeth" and Jay Gatsby from F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby".4. Victorian Novel: Victorian novel refers to a genre of fiction that emerged during the reign of Queen Victoria in the mid to late 19th century in England. It is characterized by its focus on social realism, moral issues, and often emphasized the conflict between individual desires and societal expectations. Prominent Victorian novelists include Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, and the Brontësisters.5. Modernism: Modernism was an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in Europe and the United States. It rejected traditional forms and conventions and experimented with new narrative techniques and styles. Modernist literature often explored themes of alienation, fragmentation, and the loss of traditional values in a rapidly changing world. Notable modernist writers include T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf.6. Beat Generation: The Beat Generation was a literary movement that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. It was characterized by its rejection of mainstream society and traditional values, and its embrace of nonconformity, spontaneity, and an exploration of alternative forms of spirituality. Prominent Beat Generation writers include Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs.7. Harlem Renaissance: The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that took place in the 1920s in Harlem, New York, primarily among African American artists, writers, and musicians. It celebrated African American culture and heritage and sought to challenge stereotypes and promote racial pride. Notable writersassociated with the Harlem Renaissance include Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Countee Cullen.These are just a few examples of important literary terms in English and American literature. There are many more that could be explored, each with their own unique contributions to the rich literary traditions of these countries.。

英美文学名词解释最全版

01. Humanism(人文主义)1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classicism(古典主义)Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1>The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present ,with death and graveyard as themes.2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)1>In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England.2>It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.3>In the history of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. 4> The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)1>Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)1>Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）1>The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet, Theophile Gautier, the first Englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The Victorian period(维多利亚时期)1>In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)1>Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting, music and architecture.4> in England from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions. fresh ways of looki ng at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style. It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow, tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. Famous writers to employ this technique in the English language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

英美文学名词解释总结中文版(东北师大重点)

名词解释1. Abby Theatre 阿贝剧院阿贝剧院是爱尔兰的国家剧院，由爱尔兰著名诗人William Butler Yeats和Lady Augusta Gregory创建。

该剧院上演爱尔兰剧作家的作品。

Lady Gregory是阿贝剧院的导演，同时也是个剧作家（dramatist）。

2.Aestheticism 唯美主义基本原则：Art for art’s sake.基本人物：英国运用该美学理论的第一人士Walter Pater。

Oscar Wilder（Picture of Dorian Gray）是该理论的杰出代表。

基本思想：唯美主义崇尚艺术高于生活，生活应该模仿艺术，而不是艺术模仿生活。

这是对Victorian工业发展时期宣扬的物质崇拜（materialism）和商业主义（commercialism）的一种反抗，也是艺术为道德或金钱而服务（art for money’s sake）的维多利亚传统的挑战。

3. Age of Enlightenment 启蒙时代1. 英国的18世纪又被称为启蒙时代，总的来说是资本主义反对封建主义的时代。

2. 启蒙运动是一场进步的思想运动，盛行于法国后传播到西欧。

3. 启蒙运动是15和16世界文艺复兴运动的延续和深入，它的目的是用现代哲学和艺术观点启蒙整个世界。

4. 崇尚理性，平等，和科学，倡导大众教育。

文学在当时变成了非常受欢迎的公众教育的手段，带有强烈的说教和道德教育性质。

5. 代表人物：Alexander Pope，Jonathan Swift。

4. Age of Realism现实主义时期1. 现实主义是对浪漫主义时期一种反抗，并铺就了通往现代主义文学的道路。

2. 在这一时期，新一代的作家对于老一辈的浪漫主义和感伤主义的思想非常不满，提出一个新的灵感，其特点就是在生活现实方面有着极大的兴趣。

它的目标是描写生活每一方面的现实，抛弃主观偏见，理想主义或者任何浪漫的色彩。

英美文学史名词解释

英美文学史名词解释
英美文学史是研究英国和美国的文学发展及其作品的学科。

在这个领域中，有许多重要的名词需要解释和拓展。

以下是其中几个关键的名词解释：
1. 古典主义：指的是17世纪至18世纪初期的文艺复兴时期，以古希腊和古罗马文化为基础的艺术和文学风格。

这一时期的作品强调对古典文学的借鉴，追求理性、秩序和对称。

2. 浪漫主义：指的是18世纪末至19世纪初期的文学和艺术运动，强调个人情感、幻想和对自然的热爱。

浪漫主义作品追求超越现实的境界，注重情感表达和个人体验。

3. 现实主义：19世纪中期至20世纪初期的文学流派，强调对现实生活的描写和分析。

现实主义作品试图通过真实和客观的方式呈现社会问题和人类经验，反映现实世界的复杂性。

4. 自然主义：19世纪末至20世纪初期的文学流派，强调环境和遗传对人性的影响。

自然主义作品探讨人类行为和性格的原因，强调环境和遗传因素对人们的决定性作用。

5. 现代主义：20世纪初期至中期的文学运动，突破传统的文学形式和观念。

现代主义作品倾向于使用非线性结构、流派交叉和意识流等实验性的写作技巧，探
索意识、时间和现代社会的复杂性。

除了这些名词，还有许多其他重要的概念和作品，如文艺复兴、启蒙运动、维多利亚时代、现代派诗歌、战争文学等。

研究英美文学史可以帮助我们了解不同时期的文学发展和作品背后的思想、价值观和文化背景。

英美文学名词解释整理版 (1)

❖American Transcendentalism A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义：一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生和玛格丽特·富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握❖English Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe.❖ode in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event.❖conceit 奇喻A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 。

A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.新奇的比喻：将两种截然不同的食物进行对比的一种隐喻。