科技英语翻译总结(刘文东 亲自整理)

The translation of English for science and technology.
————edited by Liu Wendong Time:2012-12-3 13:03:54
’s do some translation first. (Take out a sheet of scratch paper, please.) 一、 Now let let’
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the superiority (优势)of A to B the relationship of A to B the attraction（引力）of A for B the susceptibility (磁化系数)of A to B the sensitivity (敏感性)of A to B the applicability (适用性)of A to B the perpendicularity (正交性)of A to B the immunity (免疫力)of A to [from] B the familiarity (熟悉、亲密)of A with B 2. The “noun” comes from an intransitive(不及物的) verb, in which case “A” is the logical subject of the logical action expressed by the “noun.” Translation pattern: “A。 。 。B 的～” 例：This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input. 译：该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。 例：图 1 画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。 译：Fig. 1 shows the variation of current with impedance (as a function of impedance)(the graph of current against impedance.)(versus[vs.] impedance.) the passage (走廊、通路)of A through B the motion of A round [around] B the departure of A from B the deviation of A from B 偏离 the reaction of A to B the interaction of A with B 3.A special case: the increase/reduction (decrease)[rise (fall)] in [of] A with B 译：“A 随 B 的～” 4.The “noun” comes from a transitive verb, in which case “A” is the logical object of the action expressed by the “noun.” ” is put into a transitive verb so that the “V-O ” pattern is Translation technique: The “noun noun” V-O” used. 例：In solving the problem, the resolution of this force into x- and y-components is necessary. 译：在解这个题的时候，需要把这个力分解为 x 分量 y 分量。 例：Gradually, the usefulness of microprocessors as central processing unit was realized. 译：人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器。 a comparison of A with B the transformation of A into [to] B the use of A as B the exposure of A to B the separation of A from [into] B the protection of A from B the isolation of A from B the transfer of A to B the conversion of A to [into] B 三、what 从句 what 从句属于名词性从句，它可以作主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。what 在引导 名词性从句时被称为连接代词，它在从句中充当句子成分。 （1）what 在从句中表示疑问词的含义，把它翻译成“什么”，“何”，“哪个”，“哪些”，“多大”等。 例：What particular properties this kind of particle has had not been found out. 译：尚没有发现这种粒子有什么样的特殊性质。
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例：It is necessary to find what force will be exerted on charge A. 译：必须求出有多大的力将作用在电荷 A 上。 （2）把 what 译在从句的末尾，根据具体情况译为“。。。的（事情，内容，概念，原因等）。” 例：Matter is what can occupy space. 译：物质是能够占据空间的东西。 例：The energy that goes in must be equal to what goes out. 译：输入的能量必须等于输出的能量。 （3）当 what 在从句中作动词“称呼，描述”（即 call，know，describe，refer to，speak of 等）的 动作对象并带有补足语时，则该动词与 what 合在一起译成“所说的，所谓的 ”等放在补足语之前。 what is called/described as/referred to as/spoken of as+补足语 例：What is spoken of as absolute zero is the temperature 273℃ below zero. 译：所谓的绝对零度就是摄氏零下 273 度。 四、as 用法小结 I. 作介词 as 的词义主要是“作为”。 1. 独立使用，可看作状语。 As a means of communication, a satellite is the most advanced. 2. 与不及物动词连用，主要作状语。 serve/act/function/behave as 表示“用作为；起。 。 。作用” A wire can serve as an antenna(天线). 3. 与及物动词连用，主要作补足语。 Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work. 4. 与名词搭配使用，作定语。 The definition of energy as the ability of a body to do work is reasonable. II. 作从属连接词，引导状语从句 1. 时间状语从句，译成“当。 。 。的时候；随着” As the current flows, energy from the battery goes to the resistance. The force of gravitational attraction between two bodies decreases as the distance between them increases. 2. 原因状语从句，译成“因为，由于” As air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 3. 方式状语从句，译成“如同”（just, exactly, much, somewhat 等） Electrons move round the nucleus just as the planets move round the sun. 4. 比较状语从句，译成“如。 。 。那样” This computer is as heavy as that one is. 5. 让步状语从句，译成“虽然；尽管” Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units. III. 作关系代词，引导定语从句 1. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句 If the negative terms are made positive the series becomes divergent, as has been shownt remember such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements. IV. 组成各类词组及固定表达式 1. 可组成副词性词组如 as well=also 2. 可组成等立连接词如 as well as=and may/might。 。 。 。as well 3. 可以组成一个介词短语，其插入语的作用如 as a result=therefore 4. 可以组成一个短语介词，相当于单个介词的作用如 as a result of；as for 5. 可以组成一个复合连接词，引导状语从句如 as long as；as soon as 五、课堂笔记
� C/E Translation: 1. 这台设备的体积很小。 （重量很轻；质量很好；结构很复杂） [这台新电脑的性能（performance）比那台好得多。] This computer is very small in size. (light in weight; good in quality; complicated in structure) 2. 图 2 说明了 A 随 B 的变化情况。 The variation of A with B is shown in Fig. 2. (固定搭配)（被动语态） Fig. 2 shows the variation of A with B Fig. 2 shows how A varies with B 3. 这些因素确定了计算机存储信息的能力。 These factors determined the ability of a computer to store information. (抽象名词 ability 后做定语的不定式复合 结构一般要用 of 而不用 for 来引出。the job for a computer to do is…) � 确定：determine/make sure/ensure/ascertain/confirm 4. AC 与 DC 相比有许多优点。 AC(Alternating Current)has many advantages over DC(Direct Current). (固定搭配) The advantages of AC over BC are many. � 优点：advantage/merit/vertue/strong point � 缺点：disadvantage/drawback/setback/shortcoming/defect/weakness � E/C Translation: 1.All the satellite needs in order to move in its orbit is the initial speed given it by the carrier rocket. 译：为在其轨道运行，卫星只需要由运载火箭给它的初速度。 2. To use the service, all you would need to do is to specify（确定，指定） a destination（目的）. 译：使用这项服务，你只需要确定一个目的地。 ■你只需要按一下这个按钮。 All you need to do is to press this button.★ All that is necessary is to press this button.▲ It is only necessary for you to press this button.● You only need to press this button.● You are only required to press this button.● 3.I told you that it was how he did it that mattered. 译：我告诉你关键是他到底怎么样做这件事。 （强调句型）