2018年可锐考研英语阅读专练模拟题
2018年可锐考研英语经典阅读试题
2018年可锐考研英语经典阅读试题（一）[经济学类]Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities —as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts”with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies”are[A] more popular with large corporations.[B] more concrete.[C] less controversial.[D] less expensive to enforce.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements was substantial?[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 asdid $77 million in 1972.5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front”organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.二．The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were —reptiles or birds —are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coatof hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.1. It can be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agree that the[A] enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.[B] structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.[C] fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.[D] pterosaurs were reptiles.2. The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as[A] revolutionary.[B] unlikely.[C] unassailable.[D] probable.3. According to the text, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the[A] size of its wingspan.[B] presence of hollow spaces in its bones.[C] anatomic origin of its wing strut.[D] presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.4. The ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?[A] An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.[B] An animal’s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.[C] Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.[D] The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the text?[A] New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.[B] Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each is disputed by means of specific information.[C] Three hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.[D] Recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are projected.。
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案阅读理解是考研英语的必考题型，考生一定要加以重视，多做模拟试题巩固知识。
今天，店铺准备了2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题，以供考生练习。
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：【原文】Depending on whom you ask， the experiment announced at a Texas medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women， a tragic failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning.There's truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women，the 30-year-old patient produced eggs just fine，and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly， largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New York University，Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the patient's fertilized egg，scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment，development proceeded normally，and the woman became pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband's——pretty much like any normal baby.What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones，starting with Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning， the inserted nucleus comes froma single，usually adult，cell，and the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides， for reasons that aren't yet well understood， cloned animals often abort spontaneously or are born with defects; Dolly died very young， though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese woman's twins were born prematurely and died (the third triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two)，critics have suggested that cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.Not likely，says Grifo. “The obstetric outcome was a disaster，” he admits，“but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had anything to do with the procedure.” Even so， concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such research in 2001——a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China， where it was subsequently banned (but only this month，long after Zhuang's patient became pregnant)。
2018年可锐考研第一轮复习之英语阅读
2018年可锐考研第一轮复习之英语阅读（一）Until about five years ago, the very idea that peptide hormonesmight be made anywhere in the brain besides the hypothalamus was astounding.Peptide hormones, scientists thought, were made by endocrine glands and thehypothalamus was thought to be the brains’only endocrinegland. What is more, because peptide hormones cannot cross the blood-brainbarrier, researchers believed that they never got to any part of the brainother than the hypothalamus, where they were simply produced and then releasedinto the bloodstream. But these beliefs about peptide hormones were questioned aslaboratory after laboratory found that antiserums to peptide hormones, wheninjected into the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus, indicatingthat either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums arepresent. The immunological method of detecting peptide hormones by means ofantiserums, however, is imprecise. Cross-reactions are possible and this methodcannot determine whether the substances detected by the antiserums really arethe hormones, or merely close relatives. Furthermore, this method cannot beused to determine the location in the body where the detected substances areactually produced. New techniques of molecular biology, however, provide a way toanswer these questions. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s that canserve as molecular probes seek out the messenger RNA’s of thepeptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will containthese mRNA’s. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones butare not identical to them, then the c DNA’s should still bindto these mRNA’s, but should not bind as tightly as they would to m RNA’s for thetrue hormones. The cells containing these mRNA’s can then beisolated and their mRNA’s decoded to determine just what their protein products are and howclosely the products resemble the true peptide hormones. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNAprobes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it cantake years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and thendevelop antiserums to them. Roberts, expressing the sentiment of manyresearchers, states: “I was trained as an endocrinologist. But it became clear to me thatthe field of endocrinology needed molecular biology input. The process ofgrinding out protein purifications is just too slow.”If, as the initial tests with cDNA probes suggest, peptide hormonesreally are made in brain in areas other than the hypothalamus, a theory must bedeveloped that explains their function in the brain. Some have suggested thatthe hormones are all growth regulators, but Rosen’s work on rat brainsindicates that this cannot be true. A number of other researchers propose thatthey might be used for intercellular communication in the brain.1.Which of the following titles best summarizes the text?[A] Is Molecular Biology the Key to Understanding Intercellular Communicationin the Brain?[B] Molecular Biology: Can Researchers Exploit Its Techniques to SynthesizePeptide Hormones?[C] The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Immunological Approach to DetectingPeptide Hormones. [D] Peptide Hormones: How Scientists Are Attempting to Solve Problems of TheirDetection and to Understand Their Function?2.The text suggests that a substance detected in the brain by use of antiserumsto peptide hormones may [A] have been stored in the brain for a long period of time. [B]play no role in the functioning of the brain. [C] have been produced in some part of the body other than the brain. [D] have escaped detection by molecular methods.3.According to the text, confirmation of the belief that peptide hormones arecreated in the brain in areas other than the hypothalamus would forcescientists to [A] reject the theory that peptide hormones are made by endocrine glands. [B] revise their beliefs about the ability of antiserums to detect peptidehormones. [C] invent techniques that would allow them to locate accurately brain cellsthat produce peptide hormones. [D] develop a theory that account for the role played by peptide hormones inthe brain.4.Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a drawback of theimmunological method of detecting peptide hormones? [A] It cannot be used to detect the presence of growth regulators in the brain. [B] It cannot distinguish between the peptide hormones and substances that arevery similar to them. [C] It uses antiserums that are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. [D] It involves a purification process that requires extensive training inendocrinology.5.The idea that the field of endocrinology can gain from developments inmolecular biology is regarded by Roberts with [A] incredulity. [B] derision. [C] indifference.[D] enthusiasm.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D 【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题（五）The eradication of poverty is a shared responsibility for the international community—indeed，a moral imperative.This task has become no less urgent in the last decade，in spite of rapid economic growth in many parts of the world.While the percentage of the world‘s population living on less than $1 per day has fallen from 28.3%to 24.0%between 1987 and 1998，population growth has kept the absolute number of poor steady at some 1.2 billion.If we take a higher cutoff point of $2 per day，the poor have increased by 250 million over the same time period，encompassing 2.8 billion people，or almost half of the world’s population.Nor do World Bank projections lend undivided hope for the future.Under the“business as usual”scenario，the number of poor on the $1 per day scale will not change during the projection period up to 2008.However，should policy measures be taken to boost economic growth and make the growth process more inclusive to the poor，the World Bank reckons that 500 million people could be brought out of extreme poverty by 2008.Even under this more optimistic scenario，Latin America and the Caribbean，and especially Sub-Saharan Africa would see little，if any，progress.The same pattern emerges under the higher cutoff point of $2 per day. In the light of these dire statistics and projections，it is easy to appreciate the growing public concern that not enough is being done to address poverty and poverty-related social illnesses，such as poor work conditions，a lack of respect for human rights，and natural resource degradation.Indeed，such concerns have been vented with increasing frustration，including at the Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Seattle last year，and more recently at the joint spring meeting of the IMF and the World Bank. One problem facing governments in poverty-stricken countries，civil society，and international organizations is that poverty is a multidimensional problem with no simple solution—not least because of its sheer scale.The causes and expressions of poverty are not the same everywhere，although some common terms can often be found，including a lack of access to education，basic health care，and unequal distribution of productive assets。
2018年可锐考研英语模拟试题及答案解析
2018年可锐考研英语模拟试题及答案解析（二）Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2018年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案【八篇】
【导语】想要考研阅读题多拿分，就需要多做练习。
以下是为⼤家整理的《2018年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案【⼋篇】》供您查阅。
【第⼀篇】At 18， Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease，” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent)， she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source， in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992， she is completely healthy with normal immune function， according to one of the doctors who treated her， W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease，” Anderson says， “within 50 years.” It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005， and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse，” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.” At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center， immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University， researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia， researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise. But somehow， things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment，patients show a response at first， but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999， when Jesse Gelsinger， an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder， died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer， researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already， officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping.” But the principle is the same， whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy isa very good idea，” says Crystal. “And eventually it's going to work.” 1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________. [A] show the promise of gene-therapy [B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases [C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team [D] explain how gene-based treatment works 2. Anderson‘s early success has ________________. [A] greatly speeded the development of medicine [B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy [C] promised a cure to every disease [D] made him a national hero 3. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly. [B] Despite the huge funding， gene researches have shown few promises. [C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses. [D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores. 4. The word “tarnish” (line 5， paragraph 4) most probably means ____________. [A] affect [B] warn [C] trouble [D] stain 5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________. [A] optimistic [B] pessimistic [C] troubled [D] uncertain 答案：A B C D A【第⼆篇】According to psychologists(⼼理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. if the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. it can be created by a person's thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear,despair, sadness, and disgust. in growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. in order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination. 56. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something___________. A)one thinks bad or good B)one feels in danger C)one faces in the outside world D)one tries to escape from real life 57. Which of the following is NOT true? A)Children learn emotions as they grow up. B)Babies are born with emotions. C)Emotions fall into two types in general. D)People can cope with the negative emotions in life. 58. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to___________. A) explain why people have emotions B) show how people avoid the negative emotions C) explain what people should do before emotions D) define and classify people's emotions 59. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if___________. A) he can not think properly B) he can't pay attention to it C) he can't pay attention to it D) he is not full of energy 60. As used in the last sentence, the word drains means___________. A) stops B) ties C) weakens D) flows gradually 答案1.A2.B3.D4.B5.C【第三篇】。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读专项练习
2018年可锐考研英语阅读专项练习（二）Thanks to slumping markets, investment banks are shedding many of their highly-paid traders. When markets recover, the banks might be tempted to replace them with rather cheaper talent. One alternative has been around for a while but has yet to catch on: autonomous trading agents-computers programmed to act like the human version without such pesky costs as holidays, lunch breaks or bonuses. Program trading has, of course, been done before; some blamed the 1987 stockmarket crash on computers instructed with simple decision-making rules. But robots can be smarter than that.Dave Cliff, a researcher at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories in Bristol, England, has been creating trading robots for seven years. In computer simulations he lets them evolve genetically , and so allows them to adapt and fit models of real-world financial markets. His experiments have suggested that a redesign of some markets could lead to greater efficiency. Last year, a research group at IBM showed that Mr Cliff’s artificial traders could consistently beat the human variety, in various kinds of market. Nearly all take the shape of an auction. One well-known type is the English auction, familiar to patrons of the salesrooms of Christie’s and Sotheby’s, where sellers keep mum on their offer price, and buyers increase their bids by stages until only one remains.At the other extreme is the Dutch auction, familiar to 17th-century tulip-traders in the Netherlands as well as to bidders for American Treasury bonds. Here, buyers remain silent, and a seller reduces his price until it is accepted. Most markets for shares, commodities, foreign exchange and derivatives are a hybrid of these two types: buyers and sellers can announce their bid or offer prices at any time, and deals are constantly being closed, a so-called continuous double auction .Mr Cliff’s novel idea was to apply his evolutionary computer programs to marketplaces themselves. Why not, he thought, try and see what types of auction would let traders converge most quickly towards an equilibrium price? The results were surprising. In his models, auctions that let buyers and sellers bid at any time like most of today’s financial exchanges were less efficient than ones that required relatively more bids from either buyers or sellers. These evolved auctions also withstood big market shocks, such as crashes and panics, better than today’s real-world versions. Mr Cliff’s most recent results, which will be presented in Sydney, Australia, on December 10th, show that the best type of auction for any market depends crucially on even slight differences in the number of buyers and sellers. Bank of America has been investigating these new auctions, along with robotic traders, for possible use in electronic exchanges. The hope is that today’s financial auctions and online marketplaces might work better by becoming more like their English and Dutch forebears. But what to call such multi-ethnic hybrids? Here’s introducing the Cliffhanger .1. The passage is mainly__________.A. a review of two kinds of auctionsB. an introduction of trading robotsC. a survey of the trading marketD. about trading alternatives2. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. David’s robot traders have now been used in real-world markets.B. Robot traders can evolve like creatures.C. There is room for improvement in efficiency in trading markets.D. The English auction is the most popular trading form.3. If you were trading American Treasury bonds, you would most likely take the trading form of ___________.A. the English auctionB. the continuous double auctionC. the Dutch auctionD. the evolved auction4. We can infer from the text that______________.A. existing auctions can not withstand market shocksB. the Dutch auction is better than the continuous double auctionC. it’s hard for traders to reach an equilibrium priceD. the best type of auction takes place when the number of the buyers is equal to that of sellers5. Toward robot traders, the writer’s attitude can be said to be__________.A. biasedB. objectiveC. pessimisticD. OptimisticOpen-outcry trading is supposed to be a quaint, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange , the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures, the benchmark contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.The NYMEX is trying to snatch liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange , which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has hitherto concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from locals --self-employed traders--is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to abolish its floor. Only last month it signed a lease, lasting until 2011, for its trading floor in London.Dublin’s new pit is showing promise , says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent , over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be viable. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.Ultimately, having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable. Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little headway. And the NYMEX has dabbled in Brent contracts before, without success.Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not band together? There have been merger talks before, and something might yet happen. Some say thatthe freewheeling NYMEX and the more staid IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will slug it out--across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.1. The NYMEX and IPE are___________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that are reciprocal in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice2. According to the author, one of the reasons that the NYMEX takes open-outcry trading is__________.A. the preference of its customersB. the standard practice of energy exchangeC. the long tradition of this trading practiceD. the nostalgic feeling it arouses3. The word glitches most probably means_________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems4. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that_________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that___________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better。
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题附答案
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题附答案2018参加考研的考生备考英语一定要多做模拟试题来熟悉题型，提高做题的准确率。
今天，店铺准备了2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题，以供考生练习。
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：【原文】A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighting compound may be used someday to prevent two other major killers of Americans：heart disease and stroke. That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers from Dr. Judah Folkman's laboratory at the Children's Hospital in Boston.The versatile compound is endostatin，a human protein that inhibits angiogenesis， the growth of new blood vessels in the body. In tests reported in 1997 by Folkman， a prominent cancer researcher who pioneered the study of angiogenesis， the drug had reduced and even eradicated tumors in laboratory mice. How? By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors.When news of Folkman's achievement became widely known last year， it led to wildly exaggerated predictions of imminent cancer cures. When other scientists were initially unable to duplicate those results，questions arose about the validity of Folkman's research. Then in February scientists at the National Cancer Institute， with guidance from Folkman， finally matched his results. Reassured， the N.C.I. gave the go-ahead for clinical trials of endostatin later this year on patients with advanced tumors.How can a drug that is apparently effective against tumors also reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke? The answer lies inthe composition of plaque， the fatty deposit that builds up in arteries and can eventually clog them. Plaque consists of a mix of cholesterol， white blood cells and smooth muscle cells， and as it accumulates， a network of capillaries sprouts from the artery walls to nourish the cells. Could endostatin halt the growth of capillaries and starve the plaque?A Folkman lab team led by Dr. Karen Moulton decided to find out. The scientists put baby lab mice on a 16-week “Western diet” that was high in fat and cholesterol， then measured the plaque buildup on the walls of each aorta， the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Meanwhile，they injected one group of mice with endostatin， another with a different blood-vessel inhibitor called TNP-470 and a control group with an inert saline solution. Twenty weeks later the researchers again measured plaque in the mouse aortas. The results were startling： the endostatin group averaged 85% less plaque buildup and the TNP-470 group 70% less than those in the control group.All too aware of the premature hopes raised last year after Folkman's tumor report， the researchers have been careful not to oversell the new results. “If this finding is supported in future studies，” says Moulton，“[it could open the way for] treatments that could delay the progression of heart disease and possibly reduce the incidence of heart attacks and strokes.” B ut any such treatments，she stresses，are probably five to 10 years away.注(1)：本文选自Time; 04/19/99， p48;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1;2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：【题目】1. What did the report indicate?[A]A very important drug is now at experimental stage.[B]Heart disease and stroke are the most serious threats to Americans.[C]The tumor drug can be used for the heart disease in the future.[D]Many Americans suffer from heart disease and stroke.2. Why did the N.C.I. agree to have clinical trials of endostatin on the patients?[A]They were convinced of the Folkman's research.[B]They can do such a research as well as Folkman.[C]The patients with advanced tumors need the drug.[D]The drug should be proved effective on humans.3. The expression “stunting the growth of capillaries”(Line 8， Paragraph 2) most probablymeans _______.[A]help the growth of capillaries[B]limit the growth of capillaries[C]improve the growth of capillaries[D]prevent the growth of capillaries4. Why can the tumor drug be used for the heart?[A]It can accumulate a network of capillaries and nourish the cells.[B]It can stop the growth of capillaries and provide no nourishment for plaque.[C]The curing method of tumor and heart disease is the same.[D]The tumor and heart disease are made up of the same substance.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Folkman's tumor report had been exaggerated.[B]The tumor drug is not as effective as what has beenexpected.[C]The new results of the research are far more encouraging.[D]Researchers still have a long way to go to make another successful experiment.2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：【答案】CADBC。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读实战练习题
2018年可锐考研英语阅读实战练习题（一）The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization are compatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questions which you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer. Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledge will enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants. To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced. Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure. To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may become a common method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.Following the interview，write thank-you letters to each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the company wants.If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement. Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever is appropriate.If you accept and you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.1.The word“compatible”in the first sentence probably means____. [A] in agreement [B] in conflict [C] complementary [D] practicable2.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____. [A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge [B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job [C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws [D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview3.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job? [A] The before stage. [B] The greeting stage. [C] The consultation stage. [D] The departure stage.4.If you are given a secondinterview，it is most important for you to____. [A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time [B] find out exactly what the company wants of you [C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself [D] consider all the elements that are important for the job 5.The passage is mainly concerned with____. [A] how to manage an interview [B] how to apply for a job vacancy [C] how an applicant should behave during an interview [D] how to make your private goal compatible with those of an organization1.[A] 该词意为：相容的，相一致的。
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题（四）The existence of both racial and sexual discrimination in employment is well documented，and policymakers and responsible employers are particularly sensitive to the plight of the black female employee on the theory that she is doubly the victim of discrimination.That there exist differences in income between whites and blacks is clear，but it is not so clear that these differences are solely the result of racial discrimination in employment.The two groups differ in productivity，so basic economics dictates that their incomes will differ. To obtain a true measure of the effect of racial discrimination in employment it is necessary to adjust the gross black/white income ratio for these productivity factors.White women in urban areas have a higher educational level than black women and can be expected to receive larger incomes.Moreover，State distribution of residence is important because blacks are overrepresented in the South，where wage rates are typically lower than elsewhere and where racial differentials in income are greater.Also，blacks are over-represented in large cities，and incomes of blacks would be greater if blacks were distributed among cities of different sizes in the same manner as whites. After standardization for the productivity factors，the income of black urban women is estimated to be between 108 and 125 percent of the income of white women.This indicates that productivity factors more than account for the actual white/black income differential for women.Despite their greater education，white women’s actual average income is only 2 to 5 percent higher than that of black women in the North.Unlike the situation of men，the evidence indicates that the money income of black urban women was as great as，or greater than，that of whites of similar productivity in the North，and probably in the United States as a whole. At least two possible hypotheses may explain why the adjustment for productivity more than accounts for the observed income differential for women.First，there may be more discrimination against black men than against black women.The different occupational structures for men and women give some indication why this could be the case.Second，the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the intensity of discrimination against women differs little between whites and blacks.Therefore，racial discrimination adds little to effects of existing sex discrimination.These findings suggest that a black woman does not necessarily suffer relatively more discrimination in the labor market than does a white woman.Rather，for women，the effects of sexual discrimination are so pervasive that the effects of racial discrimination are negligible. 1.The primary purpose of the passage is to____.[A] explain the reasons for the existence of income differentials between men and women[B] show that racial discrimination against black women in employment is less important than sexual discrimination [C] explore the ways in which productivity factors influence the earning power of black workers [D] sketch a history of racial and sexual discrimination against black and female workers in the labor market 2.The difference between income levels for black and white women is____. [A] less than that for black and white men [B] greater than that for black and white men [C] greater since black women are subject to more discrimination [D] smaller since women can only do low-paying jobs 3.Which of the following best describes the logical relationship between the two hypotheses presented in the fourth paragraph? [A] They may both be true since each phenomenon could contribute to the observed differential. [B] They are contradictory，and if one is proved to be correct，the other is proved incorrect. [C] They are independent of eachother，and it is hard to establish any relationship between them. [D] The two hypotheses are logically connected so that it is impossible to prove either one to be true without also proving the other to be true. 4.If the second hypothesis mentioned by the author is correct，a general lessening of discrimination against women should lead to a ____. [A] higher white/black income ratio for women [B] lower white/black income ratio for women[C] lower female/male income ratio [D] increase in the productivity of women5.The author’s attitude toward racial and sexual discrimination in employment is one of____.[A] apology [B] concern [C] indifference [D] indignation 1.[B] 文章最后一段是作者的结论，这段提到两个假设，一是对男性黑人的歧视可能比对女性黑人的歧视更严重;二是对妇女的歧视在黑人和白人之间没有多大区别。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题及名师解析
2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题及名师解析第一篇：2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题及名师解析2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题及名师解析（七）Do you rememberall those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but thedoubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the scienceuncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life andthe government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought thatnonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves。
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one waveafter another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.Thelatest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the WhiteHouse, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largelyman-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves.The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point inthe preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题精选
2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题精选（二）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it isadvisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetchedand unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in yearsto come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry,however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―evenadmitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it canhardly be classed as Literature. This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, pastconditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in aworld of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts andemotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, saysthe Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up ourliterature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a largestream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, orfinite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitatethem; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the samepage, and shorten or lengthen words at will. Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is alittle upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describesa fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which theyboth fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of theirfalling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! Ahundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futuristpoetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man canrefuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotionallife calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: havewe essentially changed? 19. This passage is mainly____. [A]a survey of new approaches to art [B]a review of Futurist poetry [C]about merits of the Futurist movement [D]about laws and requirements of literature 20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____. [A]determine its purposes [B]ignore its flaws [C]follow the new fashions [D]accept the principles 21. Futurists claim that we must____. [A]increase the production of literature [B]use poetry to relieve modern stress [C]develop new modes of expression [D]avoid using adjectives and verbs 22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____.[A]based on reasonable principles [B]new and acceptable to ordinary people [C]indicative of basic change in human nature [D]more of a transient phenomenon than literatureAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whoseproductivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditionalwork-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard-working and saw theirjobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled itseconomic needs, and young people don t know where they should go next. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women intothe male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers whoare already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbingJapan s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, itwas found thatonly 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied withschool life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. Inaddition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobsthan did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics,Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning overcreativity and self-expression.“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality,ability, courage or humanity―are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party s education committee.“Frustrationagainst this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”Last yearJapan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults onteachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return tothe prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was theneducation minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reformsintroduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhadweakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,”sayseducator Yoko Muro, “it s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only how much you can endure.”With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent ofJapan s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extendedfamily have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorcerate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by morethan 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. 23. In the Westerners’eyes, the postwar Japan was_____. [A]under aimless development [B]a positive example [C]a rival to the West [D]on the decline 24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for themoral decline of Japanese society? [A]Women s participation in social activities is limited. [B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. [C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values. 25. Which of the following is true according to the author? [A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb thesocial ladder [B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning aswell as creativity. [C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking. 26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the factthat____. [A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life. [B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S. [C]the Japanese endure more than ever before [D]the Japanese appreciate their present lifeBeing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 malesborn for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age ofmaturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But thegreat universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survivealmost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will bean excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fiftyyears ago, the chance of a baby survivingdepended onits weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Todayit makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, onemore agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, buthave fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in somereligious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number ofbirths, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly thesame number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunityfor natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows whatis happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities andpoverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today―everyonebeing the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selectionhas lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia hasarrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other speciesfills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years—even thepast 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase todescribe those ignorant of evolution: “they look at anorganic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond hiscomprehension.”No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the firstparagraph?[A]A lack of mates. [B]A fierce competition. [C]A lower survival rate. [D]A defective gene. 16. What does the example of India illustrate? [A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. [B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. [C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes. [D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolvingbecause____. [A]life has been improved by technological advance [B]the number of female babies has been declining [C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution [D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing 18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? [A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution [B]Ways of Continuing Man s Evolution [C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature [D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读理解精选
2018年可锐考研英语阅读理解精选（四）Text4The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple-so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind "Guitar Hero" and "World of Warcraft", Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi’s stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.Activision’s boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi’s main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind "World of Warcraft", an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted "World of Warcraft", and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision’s talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal-the biggest ever in the video-games industry-says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and "casual" games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. "World of Warcraft" is the world’s most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. "World of Warcraft" is really "a social network with many entertainment components," says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, "Guitar Hero" and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is "the most powerful trend" building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard’s expertise to launch an online version of "Guitar Hero" for Asian markets. Online music games such as "Audition Online", which started in South Korea, are "massive in Asia," says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups’increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns Universal Music, one of the "big four" record labels. As the record industry’s sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created "Guitar Hero". It has been promoting its new game, "Rock Band", using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as "Laguna Beach" and "Pimp My Ride". Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. AndTime Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the "Lego Star Wars" games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____.[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] It is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] Their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] It would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with "World of Warcraft".[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word "lucrative" most probably means_____.[A] profitable[B] luxurious[C] entertaining[D] populous4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____.[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____.[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants..[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger篇章剖析：本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的联姻。
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题（七）“This is not the type of place where this happens，”city council president George Carlton told a reporter，after the horror became public in his hometown，Sylacauga，Ala. He echoed what was said in Jasper，Texas，a year ago. Few people then had ever heard of Jasper. A week ago，even fewer could have pointed out Sylacauga on a map. A tiny city of 13，000，halfway between Birmingham and Montgomery，Sylacauga was known for its white marble quarries，textile mills and ice-cream factory. But last week Sylacauga，like Jasper，became a chapter in the recent history of hatred. According to police，Steven Eric Mullins，25，and Charles Monroe Butler Jr.，21，plotted for two weeks to murder Billy Jack Gaither，39. On Feb. 19，they arranged to meet him at a Sylacauga bar and lured him to a secluded area. There they beat him and dumped him into the trunk of his car. They then drove about 15 miles to Peckerwood Creek in Coosa County. There，says Coosa County Sheriff s Deputy Al Bradley，“they took him out of the trunk，took an ax handle and beat him to death.”They set two old tires aflame，says Bradley，“then they put the body on the fire.”They did it all，the deputy says，because Gaither was gay. Gaither s death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations and state legislators pushing a bill that would extend Alabama s three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race，color，religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well. “It s unfortunate that somebody had to lose his life in order for this legislation to pick up momentum here in the state of Alabama，”says state Representative Alvin Holmes，who failed to get the original law amended when it was passed in 1996. Holmes filed for extending the law after Matthew Shepard，a gay student，was beaten and left to die on a fence in Wyoming last October，an incident that sparked national outrage. Even Wyoming failed to pass hate-crime legislation in the wake of the Shepard lynching. Like Shepard，Gaither did not hesitate to admit being gay，though he adhered quietly to Sylacauga s Southern dispositions. And friends dispute Mullins and Butler s allegations that a sexual proposition incited the murder. Gaither s brother Randy told CNN：“Regardless of his personal life or anything，he doesn t deserve to be killed for this.”“The message people are getting is that gay people are second-class citizens，”says Tracey Conaty，spokesperson for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Before Gaither s murder，activists were planning a major national pro-gay offensive. From March 21 to March 27，the task force will launch its “Equality Begins at Home”campaign，with 250 grass-roots events in all 50 states aimed at passing anti-gay-bashing legislation. Says Conaty：“These laws reflect the conscience of a community and send an important message.”The March events，says Urvashi Vaid，director of the task force s policy institute，will involve straight people concerned about neighbors denied basic human rights. Adds Vaid：“It s more than just a gay thing.”注：本文选自By Sylvester Monroe Time; 03/15/99，Vol. 153 Issue 10，p47，2/3p，3c，1bw 注：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 4 1. What is implied in the first two paragraphs? [A] there are many murders in the recent history of hatred [B]the murder also happened in Jasper one year ago [C] it is another case of the gay being tortured to death [D]the city council president comes from Sylacauga 2. The author uses the example of Matthew Shepard to show that ________.[A] it is difficult to extend the hate-crime legislation [B]people want to extend the hate-crime law [C]the gays are really in a terrible fix [D] people are indifferent tothe gay student 3. Alvin Holmes‘attitude toward the gay victims is _________.[A]indifferent [B]sympathetic [C]outrageous [D]considerate 4. Similar to Matthew Shepard，Gaither‘s death ________. [A]aroused people‘s sympathy for the gay [B] sharpened people‘s awareness [C]gave legislation some momentum [D]failed to have any change in the legislation 5. The text intends to express the idea that __________. [A] people should be concerned about their gay neighbors [B]the gay people shouldn‘t be regarded as second-class citizens [C] the legislation for the gay still has a long way to go [D]more pro-gay campaigns should be launched 答案：CABDC 篇章剖析本文采用提出问题——分析问题的模式。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读专练模拟题.
2018年可锐考研英语阅读专练模拟题(八I don t think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long napafter dinner. If you didn t sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn t nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. Thepill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity - a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good nights rest without taking a pill.If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour.The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.91. According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep because .Ayou get the habit of staying up lateByou haven t taken sleeping pillsCyou sleep for hours after dinnerDyou fail to do some exercises92. Which of the following is NOT true if you want to get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening?AGo to bed earlier than usual.B Talk with friends after dinner.CStay with friends after dinner.DDo some physical labor.93. You feel tired all day probably because .Ayou stay up too lateByou get up too early in the morningCyou take sleeping pillsDyou wake up too frequently at night94. Which of the following is true according to the passage?AYou mustn t take sleeping pills in order to get a good night s sleep.BYou should stay up if you want to sleep effectively.CFood is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.DIt is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.95. We may infer that the author is most probably a .A doctorB scientistC reporterD professor答案:1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.AThirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one s fellow man?Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is itsteam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won t get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to betested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on thetests. Then she went into the next room.A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.36. The purpose of this passage is .A to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB to explain when people wil act in emergenciesC to explain what people will do in emergenciesD to explain how people feel in emergencies37. Which of the following is NOT true?A When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B When a person tries to help others, he should know whether hey are worth his help.C A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D A person with a heart attack needs the most.38. The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when .A they are in pairsB they are in groupsC they are aloneD they are with their friends39. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that .A they are afraid of emergenciesB they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC others will act if they themselves hesitateD they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help40. The author suggests that .A we shouldn t blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A。
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题含答案
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题含答案2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题含答案2018考研英语阅读理解题的备考需要考生多花时间去做模拟练习题，熟悉题型，提高做题的准确率。
今天，店铺准备了2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题，以供考生练习。
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题：【原文】Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America， but this year's is a whopper. Until last week， it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities，concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool， barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight， the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half——and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated， they're now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. “This re-emphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply，” says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information，“and the lack of redundancy in our system.”Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. T o create a single dose of flu vaccine， a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg，then crack the egg， harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow，demand is fickle and， because each year's flu virus is different，any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result， the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)——and when one of them runs into trouble， there isn't much theother can do about it. “A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs，” says Manon Cox， of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. “There's a whole industry that's scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time.”Sleeker technologies are now in the works， and experts are hoping that this year's fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures——a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way，but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy， and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.For America， the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That's nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand，but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact， many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign——encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 10/18/2004，p57-57，2/3p，1c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象1—4题模仿1997年真题text 3，第5题模仿1997年真题text 4的第四小题;2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题：【题目】1. Shortages of flue vaccine show that ____.[A] America relies too much on foreign suppliers[B] the demand of flue vaccines is high this year[C] quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccineproduction[D] the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up2. The word “cleared” (Line 5， Paragraph 3) might mean ____.[A]permitted[B]removed[C]proved[D]produced3. Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of ____.[A]complicated process， high cost， low profit and high risk[B]shortages of fertilized chicken eggs[C]difficulty in growing live virus[D]fast changing of flu virus4. From the last paragraph we can infer that ____.[A] the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions[B] more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this year[C] America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year[D] normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year5. According to the passage， which of the following is TRUE?[A] All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.[B] The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.[C] More flu vaccines can not be produced in a short timebecause private companies refuse to produce more.[D] Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.2018考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题：【答案】D A A B B。
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题
2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读练习题（六）The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down ; and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems，and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week：“We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”Ever since the war，the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success：Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university，a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south，and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins. The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north，however. With nearly 100 percent employment，everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad. The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population，but they are an important part of it，because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to [A] provide more jobs for foreign workers. [B] slow down the rate of its development. [C] sell the oil it is producing abroad. [D] develop more quickly than at present.2.The Norwegian Government has tried to [A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway. [C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems. [D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size. 3.According to the passage，the oil industry might lead northern Norway to [A] the development of industry. [B] a growth in population. [C] the failure of the development programme. [D] the development of new towns. 4.In the south，one effect to the development of the oil industry might be [A] a large reduction on unemployment. [B] a growth in the tourist industry. [C] a reduction in the number of existing industries. [D] the development of a number of service industries.5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because [A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal. [B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal. [C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society. [D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life. Vocabulary 1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人 2.coastline 海岸线 3.recognition 承认;认识;赞赏 4.countryside 乡下;乡民二In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. A new volcano was being born. The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1) People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning. Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there. Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are sleeping volcanoes. Sometime they may wake up .2) Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were a long time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3) People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon s breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon s moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don t happen just anywhere. 4) Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know. There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5)One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse. [A]Other volcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B] Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out. [C]Smoke puffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground. [D]A volcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities. [E]Before a sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely. [F]A volcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot melted rock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out. [G]There are certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。
2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题精选
2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题精选（一）People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 3. [A]issue [B]vision[C]picture [D]external 4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified 11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took 15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather 16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection I Use of English 1. A. grants 2. D. external 3. C. picture 4.A. For example 5.B. fearful 6. B. on 7. A. if 8. D. test 9. D. success 10. A. chosen 11. D. otherwise 12.C. conducted 13. B. rated 14.D. took 15. B. then 16. C. marked 17. A. before 18. C. drop 19. B. undo 20. C. necessaryThose who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that themore weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy . The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into. A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape. 1. All boys and girls in large families know that . A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together B) people tend to be together more than they used to be C) a lot of people being together makes fights likely D) Railway leads the world to peace 2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except .A) the railway enables people travel fast B) the railway brings comfort to peopleC) the railway makes the world peaceful D) the railway leads the world to war as well.3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but . A) tunnels are dangerous to public health B) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people s nerves C) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people s lungs D) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die4. We may safely conclude that . A) the author belongs to the anti-railway group B) the author belongs to the for-railway group C) the author speaks highly of the railway D) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers5. What is the tone of this passage? A)Practical B)Satirical C)Humorous D)Exaggerated Passage 4 1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.CIn 1960-1961, Chad harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, asthey had slacked off a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late. The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one s pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged. Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments . The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later. Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people. 1. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because . A) the government greatly encouraged peasants B) rains favored the growth of cotton C) Chad gained independence in the previous year D) Both A)and B) 2. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually .A) on June 15th B) on July 15th C) on July 1st D) on July 20th 3. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph,daily breadrefers to . A) breakfast B)bread and butter C)rice D)millet 4. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to . A) sell cotton in advance B) be encouraged to save money C) sow cotton in time D) plant millet first 5. Which of the following is NOT true? A) Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing. B) Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important. C) Peasants should remain the masters of their fields. D) Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants. Passage 5 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B。
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2018年可锐考研英语阅读专练模拟题（四）A mysteriousblack cloudapproaches the earth-our planet s weather is severely affected.Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.The death number in the U. S. Remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropicsas may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellarshe was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity. It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Sun s radiation back into space, But conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.81. In the British Isles the temperature .A)stayed at eightyB)ranged from eighty to ninetyC)approached one hundredD)exceeded the hundred mark82. Few people in the United States lost their lives because .A)the temperature was tolerableB)people remained indoors for weeksC)the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD)people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners83. Millions of people in Cairoand the Cape of Good Hopewere subjected to a choking atmosphere because .A)the temperature grew extremely hotB)the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC)their conditions were too dangerousD)nothing could be done with the hot temperature84. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that .A)human survival would be impossibleB)more and more people would lose their livesC)fewer people could be savedD)survival or death was still undecided85. The insect population increased due to .A)the hot airB) the tropical climateC)the rain cloudsD)the damp atmosphere答案：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.ATea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o clock stopped her gettinga sinking feelingas she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.76. Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?A)The Britons got expensive tea from India.B)Tea reached Britain from Holland.C)The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.D)It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.77. This passage mainly discusses .A)the history of tea drinking in BritainB) how tea became a popular drink in BritainC)how the Britons got the habit of drinking teaD)how tea-time was born78. Tea became a popular drink in Britain .A)in eighteenth centuryB)in sixteenth centuryC)in seventeenth centuryD)in the late seventeenth century79. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because .A)it tasted like milkB) it tasted more pleasantC)it became a popular drinkD)Madame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea80. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of .A)a famous French ladyB)the ancient ChineseC)the upper social classD)people in Holland答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C。