四川大学宗教学专业考博真题精华版05至

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四川大学2005年哲学通论考研试题及参考提示

四川大学2005年哲学通论考研试题适用专业：马克思主义哲学、中国哲学、外国哲学、伦理学、宗教学一、阅读与解释（30分）费尔巴哈是从宗教上的自我异化，从世界被二重化为宗教的、想象的世界和现实的世界这一事实出发的。

他致力于把宗教世界归结于它的世俗基础。

他没有注意到，在做完这一工作之后，主要的事情还没有做哪。

因为，世俗的基础使自己和自己本身分离，并使自己转入云霄，成为一个独立王国，这一事实，只能用这个世俗基础的自我分裂和自我矛盾来说明。

因此，对于世俗基础本身首先应当从它的矛盾中去理解，然后用排除这种矛盾的方法在实践中使之革命化。

马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》A阅读：请仔细阅读这段话的前四句话。

（注：一个句号为一句话）“自我异化”这个概念的意思是什么？“他致力于把宗教世界归结于它的世俗基础”这个句子的意思是什么？（10分）B解释：1、马克思说费尔巴哈“主要的事情还没有做哪”，这个“主要的事情”是什么？为什么它是“主要的事情”？2、请解释“只能用这个世俗基础的自我分裂和自我矛盾来说明”这话的意思。

（20分）二、理解与分析（30分）道，可道也，非恒（常）道也；名，可名也，非恒（常）名也。

《老子第一章》A理解：1、请用现代汉语写出你对这段话的理解？2、你怎样理解“道”与“名”、“恒（常）道”和“恒（常）名”？（15分）B分析：请分析“可道”与“恒（常）道”、“可名”与“恒（常）名”之间的关系。

（15分）三、解释与阐扬（40分）[注：“宗教学”专业的考生可以选择做本大题的第（2）道题；其它专业的考生只能做本大题的第（1）道题。

两题的分值均为40分，多做不加分。

]（1）变易是第一个具体思想，因而也是第一个概念，反之，有与无只是空虚的抽象。

所以当我们说到“有”的概念时，我们所谓“有”也只能指“变易”，不能指“有”，因为“有”只是空虚的“无”；也不能指“无”，因为“无”只是空虚的“有”。

所以“有”中有“无”，“无”中有“有”；但在“无”中能保持其自身的“有”，即是变易。

四川大学宗教学专业考博真题(精华版---05至13年)

四川大学宗教学专业历年考博真题（2005—2013年）2005年宗教学原理一、简论宗教的本质（25分）二、论宗教与社会主义相适应（25分）三、简说宗教与其他意识形态的关系（25分）四、从“神道设教”谈中国宗教的特色（25分）2007年宗教学原理一、简论宗教产生的社会历史条件。

（25分）二、试论宗教与文艺的关系。

（25分）三、论宗教与邪教的原则区别。

（25分）四、你怎样理解宗教在“和谐社会建设”中的作用。

（25分）2008年宗教学原理一、试析宗教的本质。

（25分）二、简析宗教与封建迷信的主要区别。

（25分）三、试论宗教道德的基本特征及其社会意义。

（25分）四、简述宗教的文化功能。

（25分）2009年宗教学原理一、简答题（每题15分）1、宗教的基本要素2、宗教与科学的关系3、宗教的主要心理功能4、古代原始宗教的主要表现形态二、问答题（每题20分）1、宗教研究的基本方法有哪些？谈谈你的认识。

2、为什么说：“宗教是文化”？谈谈你对这一命题的理解与认识。

2010年宗教学原理一、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、简析宗教人造说与宗教神启论对立的思想根源。

2、简述宗教观念与宗教其它构成要素之间的关系。

3、简述当代世界主要宗教发展的总体趋势及其成因。

4、如何理解“宗教的改革是社会关系的变化在宗教上的反映”？二、论述题（每小题30分，共60分）1、试述科学与宗教在认识方法上的区别及其对人类社会生活的影响。

2、如何发挥宗教在构建社会主义和谐社会中的积极作用？2011年宗教学原理一、简答题1、简述自然宗教与人为宗教的异同；2、为什么说宗教意识既是理性的又是非理性的;3、简述宗教礼仪在信徒生活中的作用；4、简述现代宗教世俗化趋势主要特征及成因；二、论述题1、试述宗教道德的基本特征及其对目前我国社会生活的影响；2、试述宗教与政治的关系；2012年宗教学原理一、试述宗教的文化属性。

二、试述有神论与无神论对立的认识根源。

三、试述理性与信仰的特点及其社会功能。

宗教学考博-人大哲学院宗教学专业考博真题资料申请方式复习备考指导经验分数要求-育明考博.doc

育明考博，中国考博辅导第一品牌。

由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学教授于2009年创办，并有诸多高校博士加盟。

专业致力于考博课程辅导，辅导学员人数及辅导成绩连续3年稳居第一。

针对人民大学开设的考博辅导课程包括：人大考博英语辅导课程、人大哲学院考博专业课辅导课程、人大考博申请保过课程。

人大哲学院宗教学专业考博资料申请方式复习备考指导经验一、人大哲学院考博招生人数及名额分布及报考统计年份人大内地招生总数（计划数/实际数）哲学院博士招生人数哲学院博士招生方式及人数分布公开招考报名人数复试人数2012年900人/873人641、普通招考（53人）2、硕博连读（11人）约357人90人2013年850人/891人661、普通招考（54人）2、硕博连读（12人）343人91人2014年900人/893人681、硕博连读（10人）2、申请—审核-复试(综合考试)（57）3、骨干计划（1人）约389人117人（育明考博辅导课程咨询电话133.0111.9426(陈)或400-668-6978;扣扣:547063862;考博群105619820）二、人大哲学院宗教学专业考博招生流程考试内容参考书招生专业招生人数综合复试人数考试环节（流程）综合考试科目010107宗教学7-8人12-14人1、申请制考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）”制；2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目：①②③;④哲学理论基础;⑤哲学专业基础；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目:①②③;④哲学理论基础;⑤哲学专业基础;⑥政治理论。

1、笔试：①专业课笔试（100分）②外语笔试（阅读、翻译、写作）（50分）2、面试：①综合素质（100分）②听力水平和口语水平测试（50分）1、哲学院博士招生考试不指定参考书（可参照育明考博推荐参考书）2、专业课笔试考试范围：方向一：宗教学原理方向二：佛教哲学方向三：基督教哲学（考生需根据个人研究方向，选择该方向答题，不得跨专业、跨方向答题）3、跨学科及同等学力加试范围哲学理论基础：马克思主义哲学、中国哲学史（不含近现代）、西方哲学史（不含现代）；哲学专业基础：为报考专业基础知识育明考博推荐人大哲学院考博专业课部分参考书（经验总结，非院校指定）《马克思主义哲学原理》霍福广中国人民大学出版社《中国哲学史新编》张立文中国人民大学出版社《西方哲学史》张志伟中国人民大学出版社《逻辑演算》刘壮虎中国社会科学出版社《伦理学》罗国杰人民出版社《美学原理》张法、王旭晓中国人民大学出版社《宗教学通论新编》吕大吉中国社会科学出版社《科学技术哲学导论》刘大椿中国人民大学出版社《管理哲学导论》彭新武中国人民大学出版社《政治哲学导论》托马斯著、顾肃译中国人民大学出版社三、人大哲学院考博报考程序及提交材料1、网上报名报考我哲学院的普通招考和硕博连读考生均须在人大博士生网上报名系统中提交报名信息、网上支付报名费、进行现场确认信息。

考研宝典之四川大学宗教学考研学习方法、考研经验、参考书籍、专业指导、真题分享

考研宝典之四川大学宗教学考研学习方法、考研经验、参考书籍、专业指导、真题分享先谈一下准备考研前的几个问题：1是否对自己有清楚的认识：真的喜欢宗教学吗？（文科类可是会枯燥的哦）是为了找工作考宗教学吗？（死心吧，找到对口工作的不多）你以为考上宗教学就会有女朋友了吗？（哈哈哈，你总是爱多想，单身狗去了四川只会变成很能吃辣的单身狗而已）是为了逃避数学吗？（是的，你的确可以逃避）万一考研考不上有二手准备吗？（哦豁，flag了哦）等等一些涉及实际的问题自己想清楚，和家人沟通了再考。

2要不要报班：个人建议对于有意志力的、有明确计划的同学，不需要。

（若你意志力不强，而且本人对于每日学习以及长期备考没有大致安排，那还是报个班吧，毕竟考研是个长时间跨度的工作，而且没有日积月累绝对不可能跟大学考试一样靠考前突击成功。

关于报哪个教育机构的，我不推荐，因为各地情况不同，你可以问问自己学校的考研前辈）许多人报班就是为了提升英语和政治成绩，而这两门都是只要自己努力就可以提升的（我后面讲方法），没必要浪费精力去参加辅导班，送钱。

3宗教学要选哪个学校？这个要自己上网查，先查大学宗教学排名，（虽然排名不一定准，但你最起码要知道哪些学校有宗教学。

佛教推荐南大，道教川大不错。

当然别的学校也挺好，人大啦~等等）然后点进大学研究生院官网看看老师，看看分数线，报录比。

以及参考用书！！！参考用书！！！参考用书！！！记住了，参考用书各个学校不一定相同！4决定好学校后，怎么套资料：逛贴吧，逛豆瓣，逛知乎，等等社交网站，以大学名+宗教学为关键词搜索，找到一些同好前辈，加他（她）qq、微信，问问路。

然后再加同好群（比如以“x大学宗教学”为关键字搜索qq群，加进去，一般这里面有可能有相关资料）5英语四六级没过会不会影响考研：如果你是听力不好，那就没事，考研不考听力。

四六级没过也不要紧，在考研准备的一年中，努力学习就能考好。

我身边就有四六级没过的朋友考研英语成绩比过了的好，所以安啦。

2020年中国人民大学宗教学考博参考书及真题回忆

2020年中国人民大学宗教学考博参考书及真题回忆育明教育506大印老师整理2020年6月16日星期二目录一、2021年考博复习技巧及院校选择二、2021年中国人民大学考博导师推荐参考书三、2020年中国人民大学考博招生简章四、2010-2020年中国人民大学考博真题（育明一对一学员回忆）五、2020年中国人民大学考博第一名笔记六、中国人民大学考博专业课前五名总结答题技巧育明考研考博12年专注人大考博辅导，今年有19名学员考入中国人民大学哲学院。

一、2021年考博复习技巧及院校选择每个院校的考博时间是不一样的，加之每个院校博士招生人数有限，所以育明教育大印老师建议大家一定要多选择几个院校进行备考，一般而言，选择4-5个院校比较合适，这几个院校选择应该注意具有一定的层次性，比如可以选择北大、南开，首师大、中财，矿大、地大等三个档次的院校。

因为只要是211或者双一流的院校的博士，对于你以后进入高校任教或者从事相关的工作是太大影响的。

切记孤注一掷的之报考一个院校。

此外，很多考生问考博辅导的意义是什么，其实对于考博而言，最重要的是三点：第一，考博信息，即考博院校和考博侧重点的选择问题，这点一般的考生很难完全了解，因为很多院校考博信息并不对外公开，但是咱们经过12年的辅导经验，很多内容是比较了解的；第二，个人陈述和研究计划，这点一般的考生可能很难独立完成，尤其是研究计划，因为研究计划既需要和所报考导师相关，也需要和自己本硕专业相关，这点都在咱们的辅导之内；第三，专业课考试范围和考试侧重点，这点也很重要。

人大考博交流q 群：6147_00916二、2021年中国人民大学考博参考书1、马克思主义哲学（专业代码010101）1.中央编译局《马克思恩格斯文集》，人民出版社，20092.《马克思主义哲学教程》，杨春贵、张绪文、侯才，中共中央党校出版社2003年版。

3.《马克思主义哲学发展史教程》（第二版），杨春贵主编，中共中央党校出版社2002年版。

四川大学博士研究生入学英语考试题

四川大学2005年博士研究生入学英语考试题I. Reading Comprehension 30%, 1 mark each)Passage 1As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists ha ve emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to under stand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist ada pts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the ot her, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for thetheoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircra ft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys mu st be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than a n automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperature s as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do t he job in jet-propelled planes.Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying t hem, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scienti sts specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even furth er subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences ha ve become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independen t of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for examp le -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.1. The applied scientist ______.A. is not always interested in practical problemsB. provides the basic knowled ge for practiceC. applies the results of research to practiceD. does original research to und erstand the basic laws of nature2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___.A. pure science operates independently of applied scienceB. the applied scient ist discovers the basic laws of natureC. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is doneD. app lied science suggests problems for the basic scientist3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____.A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metalsB. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fa hrenheitC. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperaturesD. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures4. Finer mad finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in____ _.A. greater independence of each scienceB. greater interdependence of all the v arious sciencesC. the eradication of the need for specialistsD. the need for only on classifi cation of scientists5. "The horizons of science have expanded" means that____.A. the horizon changes its size from year to yearB. science has developed more fields of endeavorC. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizonD. scientists ca n see further out into spacePassage 2In The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revi sed and Enlarged Edition (W. W. Norton) Schlesinger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in America. A new chapter assesses the impact both ofradical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of rights. Wr itten with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historian's wis dom and perspective to bear on America's "culture wars".Schlesinger addresses the questions: What holds a nation together? And wha t does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Sc hlesinger praises its healthy effect on a nation long shamed by a history of pr ejudice and narrow-mindedness. But he warns against the campaign of multicultur al advocates to divide the nation into separate ethnic and racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its diversity but held together by a shared commitment to the democrat ic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation that impressed foreign visitors like Alexis de Tocqueville and Ja mes Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schlesinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyzes what he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment, he argues, threaten intellectual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the et hnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical right is even more willing than th e radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights.The author does not minimize the injustices concealed by the "melting pot" dream. The Disuniting of America is both academic and personal, forceful in ar gument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some reader s, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer Priz es for history and for biography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.6. According to Schlesinger, the United States is_____.A. a melting potB. a nation with diverse cultures held together by the democra tic processC. a federation of ethnic and racial communitiesD. a nation with various ethni c and racial groups7. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger______.A. advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhoodB. pref ers multiculturalism to monoculturalismC. gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicityD. holds that each raci al group should keep its distinct identity8. The author wants to tell us that America_____.A. is experiencing a crisis of nationhoodB. is trying to restrict the Bill of RightC. has ended its history of racial prejudiceD. has tried to obstruct intellect ual freedom9. According to the author, Schlesinger's book will____.A. cause anger among the radical rightB. cause anger among the radical leftC. put an end to the culture wars in AmericaD. provoke thinking among the read ers10. This passage is most probably taken from __.A. a history bookB. a book introductionC. a book reviewD. a journal of liter ary criticismPassage 3The El Nino ("little boy" in Spanish) that pounded the globe between the s ummers of1997 and 1998 was in some measure the most destructive in this century. Worldwide damage estimates exceed ~20 billion --not to mention the human death toll caused by resulting droughts, floods and bushfires. El Nino and La Nina ("little girl") are part of a seesawing of winds and currents in the equatorial Pacific called ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) that appears every two to e ight years. Normally, westward-blowing trade winds caused by the rotation of th e earth and conditions in the Tropics push surface water across the Pacific towards Asia. The warm water piles up along the coasts of Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines, raising sea levels more than a foot above those on the South American side of the Pacific. As El Nino builds the normal east-to-west trade w inds wane. Like water splashing in a giant bathtub, the elevated pool of warm w ater washes from Asian shores back towards South America.In last season's cycle, surface temperatures off the west coast of South A merica soared from a normal high of 23°C degrees to 28°C degrees. This area o f warm water, twice the size of the continental US, interacted with the atmosph ere, creating storms and displacing high-altitude winds.El Nino brought rain that flooded normally dry coastal areas of Ecuador, C hile and Peru, while droughts struck Australia and Indonesia. Fires destroyed s ome five million acres of Indonesian forest. The drought, along with the econom ic crisis, left about five million people desperate for food and water. These c onditions helped set the stage for riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto. El Nino also took the blame for extreme temperatures in Texas last sum mer over 38°C degrees for a record 30 days in a row. In Florida, lush vegetati on turned to tinder and bushfires raged. Even Britain has been sweltering with our hottest year on record in 1997.11. As El Sino builds, _____ .A. the normal westward trade winds weakenB. the normal eastward trade winds we akenC. the normal westward trade winds strengthenD. the normal eastward trade wind s strengthen12. Which of the following statements is true?A. El Nino results from droughts, floods and bushfires.B. El Nino brought rain to most areas that were affected,C. When El Nino appeared, some of the world's rainforests were attacked by drou ghts.D. Most areas that were affected by El Nino got droughts.13. Once El Nino even played a role in the political world. What was it?A. President Suharto was overthrown by the drought caused by El Nino.B. El Nino caused riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto.C. President Suharto resigned because of the drought caused by El Nino.D. The drought caused by El Nino together with the economic crisis prevailing i n Indonesia helped to overthrow President Suharto.14. The phrase "in a row" in the last paragraph means____.A. continuouslyB. in a lineC. awfullyD. now and then15. The writer of this passage is most likely to be____.A. an Australia observerB. a British nationalC. an American geographerD. an Indonesia journalistPassage 4In patients with Huntington's disease, it's the part of the brain called t he basal ganglia that's destroyed. While these victims have perfectly intact ex plicit memory systems, they can't learn new motor skills. An Alzheimer's patien t can learn to draw in a mirror but can't remember doing it: a Huntington's pat ient can't do it but can remember trying to learn. Yet another region of the br ain, an almond-size knot of neural tissue seems to be crucial in forming and tr iggering the recall of a special subclass of memories that is tied to strong em otion, especially fear. These are just some of the major divisions. Within the category implicit memory, for example, lie the subcategories of associative mem ory – the phenomenon that famously led Parlov's dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell which they had learned to associate with food and of habituation, in which we unconsciously file away unchanging features of the environment so we c an pay closer attention to what's new and different upon encountering a new exp erience.Within explicit, or declarative memory, on the other hand, there are speci fic subsystems that handle shapes, textures such as faces, names -- even distin ct systems to remember nouns vs. verbs. All of these different types of memoryare ultimately stored in the brain's cortex, within its deeply furrowed outer l ayer -- a component of the brain dauntingly more complex than comparable parts in other species. Experts in brain imaging are only beginning to understand wha t goes where, and how the parts are reassembled into a coherent whole that seem s to be a single memory is actually a complex construction. Think of a hammer, and your brain hurriedly retrieves the tool's name, its appearance, its functio n, its heft and the sound of its clang, each extracted from a different region of the brain. Fail to connect person's name with his or her face, and you exper ience the breakdown of that assembly process that many of us begin to experienc e in our 20s and that becomes downrightworrisome when we reach our 50s.It was this weakening of memory and the parallel loss of ability to learn new things easily that led biologist Joe Tsien to the experiments reported last week. "This age-dependent loss of function," he says, "appears in many animals, and it begins with the onset of sexual maturity."What's happening when the brain forms memories -- and what fails with agin g, injury and disease -- involves a phenomenon known as "plasticity". It's obvi ous that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember new things, bu t it's equally obvious that the organ doesn't change its overall structure or g row new nerve cells wholesale. Instead, it's the connections between new cells -- and particularly the strength of these connections that are altered by exper ience. Hear a word over and over, and the repeated firing of certain cells in a certain order makes it easier to repeat the firing pattern later on. It is the pattern that represents each specific memory.16. Which of the following symptoms can be observed in a person who suffer s from the Huntington's disease?A. He cannot remember what he has done but can remember trying to learn.B. He cannot do something new but he can remember doing it.C. He suffers from a bad memory and lack of motor skills.D. He suffers from a poor basal ganglia and has intact explicit memory.17. According to the passage, which of the following memories has nothing to do with implicit memory?A. Associating a signal with an action.B. Recognizing of new features.C. Focusing on new environment.D. Remembering a familiar face of a friend.18. Which of the following may happen to a patient who suffered from damag es to his explicit memory?A. When he is in a new environment, he is always frightened.B. When he plays f ootball, he cannot learn new tricks.C. When he sees a friend, it's hard for him to remember his name.D. When he fi nds a hammer, he cannot tell anything about it.19. The word "extract" in the second paragraph means_____.A. obtainB. removeC. pullD. derive20. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that_____.A. Scientists have found the mechanism underlying the memorizing activitiesB. More research must be done to determine the brain structure.C. Some researc hers are not content with the findings.D. It is obvious that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember.Passage 5Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation whic h has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but o n the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social stat us, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical and ideational mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in r ail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family contin uity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the fa mily as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conve ntionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt at titudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes values, and ways of thinking with in a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, w ife and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living toge ther but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in th e proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters who engage in occupations ot her than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively betwee n classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with wa ys of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publica tions, such as newspapers, periodicals and books, the increase in the percentag e of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All the se tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members ar e exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.21. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement___.A. potential disorganization is present in the American familyB. social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional fam iliesC. the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social statusD. family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility22. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ___A. can get more help from their family members if the are in troubleB. will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from itC. are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stabil ityD. have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it23. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____A. the family members are subject to social pressuresB. both parents have to w ork full timeC. the husband, wife and children, and children seldom get togetherD. the husb and, wife and children work too hard24. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in fami ly disorganization because____.A. they enable the children to travel around without their parentsB. they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parentsC. they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social statusD. they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thi nking25. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose m embers __A. are not psychologically withdrawn from one anotherB. seldom quarrel with ea ch other even when they disagreeC. often help each other with true love and affectionD. are exposed to the sam e new ideas introduced by books, radios and TV setsPassage 6A design for a remotely-controlled fire engine could make long road or rai l tunnels safer. It is the brainchild of an Italian fire safety engineer, who c laims that his invention -- dubbed Robogat -- could have cut the death toll in the disastrous Mont Blanc tunnel fire in March 1999 which killed 41 people. Mos t of the people who perished dies within 15 minutes of smoke first being detect ed. Quick action is needed when fire breaks out in a tunnel. Robogat can travel at about 50 kilometers per hour. The Mont Blanc fire was 5 kilometers from the French end of the tunnel, so a machine could have got there in about six minut es.The Robogat has been designed and patented by Domenico Piatti of the Naple s fire department. It runs on a monorail suspended from the roof of the tunnel. When the Robogat reaches a fire, it plugs into a modified water main running a long the tunnel and directs its hoses at the base of the fire. It is capable of pumping 3,000 liters of high-pressure water per minute--about the same rate as that from an airport fire tender. Normal fire engines deliver 500 liters per m inute. The machine's heat-resistant skin is designed to withstand temperatures of up to 1,000°C. Designed to fight fires in tunnels up to 12 kilometers long, the Robogat will be operated from a control centre outside the tunnel. Ideally, tunnels should have a Robogat stationed at each end, allowing fires to be tack led from both sides.Piatti says that it would be relatively cheap to install the Robogat in ne w tunnels, with each machine costing around ￡250,000. "That's not expensive," says Stuart Jagger, a British fire-fighting specialist, who adds, "Fire-fighter s normally have to approach the blaze from upwind. People have dies if the vent ilation is overwhelmed or someone changes the ventilation. If the robot worked remotely it would be an advantage." But this introduces extra problems: the Rob ogat would have to feed information about the state of the fire back to its con troller, and the sensors, like the rest of the machine, would have to be fire-r esistant. Piatti is now looking for financial backing to build a prototype.26. The Robogat can quickly get through to the scene of a fire because___.A. it is in position in the middle of the tunnelB. it can move on a monorail s uspended from the roof of the tunnelC. it runs on a monorail and can take quick actionD. its modified water main c an run along the tunnel quickly27. When fire breaks out in a tunnel, the most important thing is to __A. install a Rogogat quicklyB. detect the smoke quicklyC. change the ventilat ionD. take quick actions28. The Robogat is designed to pump water____.A. at a speed of 500 liters a minuteB. almost as fast as an airport tenderC. six times faster than an ordinary fire-engineD. at a rate of an airport fir e tender29. According to the passage, because temperatures in a tunnel can be very high,____.A. the Robogat has to have a heat-resistant skin B, the Robogat is operated in a control centre outside the tunnelC. the Robogat can only work at the scene of a fire for a limited periodD. a R obogat is stationed at each end30. One problem that has not yet been solved, it seems, is that____A. a prototype has not yet been acceptedB. financial backing is not availableC. the machine will need fire-resistant sensorsD. the machine would not work if the ventilation was overwhelmedII. Vocabulary (10%, 0.5 mark each)31. This university offers a wide variety of high-quality courses for both graduate and undergraduate students.A. selectB. choiceC. alternativeD. optional32. ____ your request for a refund, we have referred that matter to our ma in office.A. On the point ofB. With relationship toC. In the event ofD. With regard to33.AIDs activists permanently changed and shortened America's __ process f or testing and approving new drags of all kinds, for all diseases.A. stagnantB. intricateC. appropriateD. efficient34. Exercise can affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get r id of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise__.A. regularlyB. normallyC. usuallyD. constantly35. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptom atic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be__.A. elegantB. confidentC. creativeD. imaginary36. There is scientific evidence to support our___ that being surrounded b y plants is good for health.A. instinctB. implicationC. perceptionD. conception37. Tom plunged into the pond immediately when he saw a boat was sinking a nd a little girl in it was___.A. in needB. on the declineC. in disorderD. at stake38. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in soc iety will___ through the current law system in that country.A. permeateB. violateC. probeD. grope39. All the finished products are stored in a___ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.A. warehouseB. capsuleC. garageD. cabinet40. As he walked out the court, he was____ with frustration and rage.A. applauding B, quivering C. paralyzing D. limping41. The Board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be_____ important positions.A. attributed toB. furnished withC. installed inD. inserted into42. There are still some____ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.A. positionsB. vacanciesC. applicationsD. categories43. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players__ special problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.A. poseB. commitC. transportD. expose44. Although Kerry has had no formal education, he is one of the___ busine ssmen in the company.A. alertestB. sternestC. nastiestD. shrewdest45. The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which___ profoundly to every Chinese heart.A. drewB. attractC. appealedD. impressed46. ___students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.A. realisticB. responsibleC. ethnicD. prospective47. The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always___ the scientist's time-keeping methods.A. at the mercy ofB. in accordance withC. under the guidance ofD. by means of48. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ___ a violent act previously seen on television.A. stimulatingB. duplicatingC. modifyingD. accelerating49.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City_ shock and anger no t only throughout America but also throughout the wholeworld.A. envelopedB. summonedC. temptedD. provoked50.The secretary went over the table again very carefully for fear of___ a ny important data.A. overlookingB. slippingC. ignoringD. skimmingIII. Cloze Test (10%, 0.5 mark each)Researchers who refuse to share data with others may 51 others to withhold results from them, 52 a study by health-policy analysts at Harvard Medical Sch ool.The study found that young researchers, those who publish 53 , and investi gators seeking patents are most likely to be _54_ access to biomedical data. It also found that researchers who withhold data gain a _55 for this, and have mo re difficulty in 56 data from others.The study was 57 by a research team led by sociologist Eric Campbell. The team surveyed 2,366 58 selected scientists at 117 US medical schools. Overall, 12.5 per cent said that they had been denied 59 to other academic investigators ' data, 60 article reprints, during the past three years. This 61 with findings by the team and other groups. But by examining the 62 of data withholding, the team identified those experiencing the most 63 . For junior staff. 64 , the te am found that 13.5 per cent were denied access, 65 5.1 per cent of senior resea rchers.The 66 between data withholding and researchers' publishing 67 during the68 three years was 69 : 7.7 per cent of those who had published 1-5 articles had had data withheld from them, but this rose to 28.9 per cent for researchers w ho had published more than 20. Campbell warns, "Selectively holding back on inf ormation from the most 70 researchers could slow down progress in research into the causes and cures of human disease."51. A. suggest B. provoke C. propose D. claim52. A. because of B. in spite of C. according to D. owing to53. A. a lot B. great deal C. regularly D. frequently54. A. sought B. seeking C. being sought D. have sought55. A. depression B. reputation C. infamy D. fame56. A. acquisition B. requiting C. assigning D. obtaining57. A. carried B. conducted C. forged D. identified58. A. randomly B. carefully C. specially D. absolutely59. A. entry B. reach C. access D. use60. A. inclusive B. excluding C. exclusive D. refusing61. A. corresponds B. complies C. compares D. adapts62. A. casualties B. victims C. culprits D. injuries63. A. hardship B. trial C. difficulty. D. errors64. A. researchers B. members C. employees D. personnel65. A. in coincide with B. in common with C. in collision to D. in comparison t o66. A. relationship B. contradiction C. comparison D. communication67. A. review B. deadline C. relation D. record68. A. proceeding B. progressing C. preceding D. progressive69. A. outstanding B. excessive C. exciting D. striking70. A. productive B. producing C. preferable D, prescribedIV. Translation (30%) PartA (15%)。

宗教学考试试题

宗教学考试试题一、选择题（每题 2 分，共 20 分）1、以下哪一种宗教起源于古代印度？（）A 基督教B 伊斯兰教C 佛教D 道教2、犹太教的经典是（）A 《古兰经》B 《圣经》C 《塔木德》D 《吠陀经》3、基督教的创始人是（）A 释迦牟尼B 穆罕默德C 耶稣D 老子4、伊斯兰教的圣地是（）A 麦加B 耶路撒冷C 罗马D 雅典5、道教的基本教义是（）A 原罪说B 道生万物C 天堂地狱D 因果报应6、以下哪一个宗教强调“涅槃”的境界？（）A 佛教B 基督教C 伊斯兰教D 犹太教7、世界三大宗教中，信徒最多的是（）A 佛教B 基督教C 伊斯兰教D 难以确定8、宗教产生的根源是（）A 自然压迫B 社会压迫C 对未知的恐惧D 以上都是9、宗教对社会的作用主要表现为（）A 积极作用B 消极作用C 既有积极作用也有消极作用D 没有作用10、以下哪一项不是宗教的基本要素？（）A 宗教观念B 宗教情感C 宗教行为D 科学知识二、填空题（每题 2 分，共 20 分）1、佛教的三大分支是_____、＿____、＿____。

2、基督教的三大教派是_____、＿____、＿____。

3、伊斯兰教的两大主要教派是_____、＿____。

4、道教的神仙体系中，三清指的是_____、＿____、＿____。

5、宗教的社会功能包括_____、＿____、＿____等。

6、宗教与科学的关系是_____、＿____。

7、宗教信仰自由的内涵包括_____、＿____。

8、宗教在文化传承方面发挥了_____、＿____的作用。

9、宗教学的研究方法主要有_____、＿____、＿____。

10、宗教的本质特征是_____、＿____。

三、简答题（每题 10 分，共 30 分）1、简述宗教与哲学的关系。

宗教与哲学之间存在着密切而复杂的关系。

一方面，它们都试图回答关于人类存在、宇宙本质、生命意义等根本性的问题。

哲学通过理性思考和逻辑推理来探索真理，追求智慧和对世界的理解。

XXX博士研究生入学考试试题总结

XXX博士研究生入学考试试题总结XXX2005年博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：哲学综合知识一．名词解释（每题5分，共60分）1.感性活动2.社会形态3．现实的人4．玄学5．《新唯实论》6．知行合一8奥卡姆剃刀的原则9．XXX的“存在就是感知”10．《判断力批判》12．重言式二．论述题1．分工与私有制的关系。

2．XXX的“实体就是主体”及其意义。

3．中国哲学的特征。

4．结合一种补充考说明宗教对环境保护的作用。

5．马尔库赛的思想。

6．善世伦理是否可能，如何可能？XXX哲学系2007年博士测验题哲学综合知识一、名词解释6选4 :1、汗青与逻辑的统一2、政治解放和人类解放3、三表法4、致良知5、隐德莱西6、本质直观二、论述题（3个选2个）都是材料题<历史的贫困>中的一段话,主要是关于<资本论>的,还有它的副标题是什么？他是不是一本纯粹的经济学著作XXX哲学系2009年博士考试题-“马克思主义哲学原理”一、名词解释（每题10分）1、对象性活动2、认识形状3、资本4、国家二、论述题（每题30分）1、论述XXX在1844年手稿中对国民经济学的批判。

2、谈谈XXX的一句话“XXX、XXX、XXX、XXX都没有离开哲学，是XXX哲学的分支”。

（以其中一人为例，详细说明）XXX哲学系2009年博士测验题-“哲学综合知识”（12选10）都是原著分析，它们的大致的出处如下：1、政治经济学批判序言的一句话，大意是人类只能提出自己可以办理的义务，只有在物质条件有的情形下才能办理。

2、所有社会糊口在本质上是实践的。

3、是人的认识不是一个理论问题，而是一个实践问题。

4、我忘记了。

5、是一个中哲学的加标点的题目，好象是XXX的一句话。

6、是关于XXX的口之于味的一句话。

7、是关于理和睦的关系。

8、是XXX的良知。

9、是XXX的真理与意见。

10、XXX灵魂的三个部分。

11、XXX的二元论。

12、XXX的实体是主体。

四川大学考博真题-生物学综合2005-2014

《生物学综合》《生物学综合2014》1、请简述在你的研究领域或你感兴趣遏领域中最让你感到振奋的两个突破性进展，并说明其对生物科学研究的作用和影响。

在此领域中，哪些科学问题你愿以毕生精力去解决？为什么？（20分）答：2、在你亲自参加的研究课题中，请叙述一组令你特别兴奋或者标志性的实验（可用简图帮助说明），包括：1）实验目的/要回答的问题，2）实验设计和手段，3）实验中所遇到的具体问题和解决办法，4）实验结果和对该领域的贡献，5）下一步实验设计和想法。

（20分）答：3、阐述宏基因组学在什么领域的研究策略与应用。

（20分）答：4、阐述如何医用微生物生产生物柴油，以及微生物生产生物柴油的优点和可能存在的问题。

（20分）答：5、论述引种与生物入侵的关系及其现实指导意义。

（20分）答：6、对于转基因的争论，谈谈你的看法或感悟。

（20分）答：7、2013年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的获奖内容是细胞内蛋白质分选的膜泡运输调节机制。

请回答细胞内蛋白质分选的主要路径有哪些？（20分）答：8、植物激素在调节生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用，列举一种激素，详细阐明其生理功能及其作用机制。

（20分）答：9、论述植物抗病的生理和生子生物学基础。

答：10、物质循环是生态系统的基本功能之一，简述碳循环过程，并阐述其余全球气候变化有什么重要联系，以及提倡低碳的重要意义。

（20分）答：11、比较原核与真核细胞基因表达及调控在那些水平上存在着差异。

（20分）答：一、原核生物基因表达调控的特点：（1）基因表达一般以操纵子为单位；（2）只有一种RNA聚合酶，识别原核细胞的启动子，催化所有RNA的合成；（3）无核膜，转录和翻译过程是偶联的；（4）基因一般不含内含子，在原核细胞中缺乏真核细胞和转录后加工系统；（5）基因表达的调控主要在转录水平，这种调控比对基因产物的直接调控要慢。

二、真核生物基因表达调控的特点：（1）基因组DNA的存在形式可影响基因表达；（2）真核基因的转录和翻译不是偶联在一起的，基因转录在细胞核中进行，翻译在细胞质中进行；（3）真核基因表达的调控是多层次的；（4）基因表达具有组织和细胞类型特异性；（5）不同的真核细胞在基因表达调控中对信号分子的反应不同。

四川大学川大 2005年综合考试(行政管理专业)及答案考研真题及答案解析

四川大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：综合科目代码：469适用专业：行政管理答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。

公共部门人力资源开发与管理（共75分）一、名词解释（共10分，每个5分）1．公共部门人力资源开发与管理2．政党分赃制二、简答题（共30分，每小题10分）1．为什么说人力资源是一种特殊的资本？将人力资源视为人力资本的理论基础和重要意义何在？2．品位分类与职位分类各自有何特点？3．试述政府能力与公共部门人力资源开发与管理的相互作用。

三、综合分析题（共35分）（阅读下列材料，按后面要求答题。

）（一）据《21世纪经济报道》2003年的一份调研报告统计，自从机构改革，人员定岗以来，从1998年到2002年，中央国家机关流失的公务员越来越多。

在人事部抽查的21个中央部委中，共流失本科学历以上公务员1039人，占同等学历公务员总数的8.8%。

专业人员流失更为严重，比如：外交部、原外经贸部、中国人民银行、审计署等分别流失164人、158人、107人和88人，很多是外语、法律、审计等专业人才。

因此，有专家担心，这样的“人才流失”不是好现象，“将影响到政府的高效行政和政策的稳定性、连续性。

”然而，有人对此现象却持相反意见。

认为这样的担心是完全不必要的，因为这些人才选择离开并不是简单的人才流失，而大多数是合理的人才流动。

其现实依据是，中央国家机关公务员人员冗肿，人才过剩。

“库存”和“封冻”了大量人才，很难真正体现人尽其才；其理论依据是，人才在原单位得不到合理利用，且人浮于事，他选择离开应当属合理流动，而不应视为人才流失，因为，他的离开对个人而言，是为了更好地实现自身的价值，对社会而言，是使人力资源得到更为合理的配置。

（二）争夺高级专门人才已成为当今世界最为激烈的竞争领域。

在世界人才争夺战中，中国一方面面对人才短缺和分布不合理的矛盾；另一方面，仅有的一些高科技人才又大量外流，此种现状令人堪忧。

2005-2012年四川大学历史学考博试题

2005-2012年四川大学历史学考博试题2005-2012年四川大学历史学考博试题2005年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论缺中国近现代社会与文化专题一，必做题试论20世纪前期的地方自治二，选做题1，以个案分析新式交通的兴起对城市发展的影响（城市史方向考生必做）2，晚清废除科举制的意义与影响（中国近代经济与社会方向必做）1，论南京国民政府的文化取向（中国近现代文化史必做）2，评民国时期关于西化问题的论战（中国近现代思想与学术必做）3，戊戌之后三十年中中国传统士绅与知识分子社会角色的转化（中国近现代区域经济与社会必做）4，民国时期各约法（或宪法）之制宪背景与内容异同（中国近现代政制研究必做）2006年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一，论历史比较研究及其意义二，对以下评论加以评说程颐：唐太宗，后人只知是英主，元不曾有人识其恶，至如杀兄取位，若以功业言，不过只做得个功臣，岂可夺元良之位。

朱熹：唐太宗一切假仁借义以行其私。

中国近现代社会与文化一，必做题民国初期国家政治制度演变述论（1912-1927）二，研究方向题1，论严复（中国文化史方向必做）2，评“中国前途”与现代化问题的讨论（中国近现代思想与学术方向必做）3，清代省会城市的地位与作用（中国城市发展研究方向必做）4，清末民初中国城市社会生活的变化（中国近现代经济与社会方向必做）三，中国近现代区域经济与社会研究方向必做题1，名词解释库平银常关昭信股票大比点石斋画报2，问答题庚子之后的中英商约谈判述论四，中国近现代政制研究方向必做题1，名词解释捐纳教谕赵烈文张国淦战国策派2，问答题南京国民政府制宪活动述论2007年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一，论历史主义二，评柯文著《在中国发现历史》中国近现代社会与文化专题一，必做题南京临时政府的社会经济改革述评二，选做题1，论19世纪末20世纪初中国文化人对进化论认识的演变及其原因（专门史中国近现代文化史方向必做）2，评20世纪三四十年代蒋介石的社会改良思想与实践（中国近现代史专业中国近现代思想与学术研究方向必做）3，试析近代中国城乡关系的特点（专门史中国城市发展与研究方向必做）4，试析近代中国票号业的发展变化（中国近现代史专业中国近现代经济与社会研究方向必做）5，近代中国人口流动的主要流向、规模、成因及其对中国社会经济文化的作用于影响（专门史中国近现代区域经济与社会方向必做）6，王寄生教授是怎样阐述第一次国共合作时期国共关系的？你是否赞同他的见解？为什么？（中国近现代史中国近现代政制研究方向必做）2008年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一，结合本专业实际论历史记忆与历史书写之关系二，如何认识历史领域后现代主义的当代挑战中国近现代社会与文化专题一，论甲午战争对中国政治、经济、社会、社会、思想文化的影响（政治、经济、社会、思想文化四个方面，限选择一个方面展开论述（专门史、中国近现代史各方向必做）二，试评19世纪70至90年代中国社会思想文化的演变（专门史中国近现代文化史方向必做）三，近代中国教案之文化与社会学分析(专门史中国近现代区域经济与社会方向必做)四，试析城市出现衰落的原因（专门史中国城市发展研究方向必做）五，评五四运动以后各派的救国方案（中国近现代史中国近现代思想与学术研究方向必做）六，试析近代中国城市大众文化的兴起（中国近现代史中国近现代经济与社会研究方向必做）七，论段祺瑞临时执政府对北洋军政体系的整合（中国近现代史中国近现代政制研究方向必做）2009年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一，结合实例说明历史学的社会功能二，史学领域的后现代主义思潮评述中国近现代社会与文化专题一，报考罗志田教授的考生从以下三题中任选二题作答1，在1820-1950年间选择一个你认为特别重要的史事，简述相关的人与事及其过程，从文化发展的层面讨论其在历史上的作用与影响（述事可以尽量简明，请侧重后面的讨论部分）2，你是怎样认识近代中国的革命（包括言论和行动）的？尽量用事例支持你的看法，请勿空论）3，今年是五四运动90周年，如果让你进一步研究五四新文化运动，你会怎样进行？请具体说明，并解释为什么要这样进行？二，报考其他导师考生选做题1，必做题评民国初年的政党政治2，选做题论南京国民政府立国的文化理论（专门史中国近现代文化史方向必做）评黄宗智的《华北的小农经济与社会变迁》（专门史中国区域经济与社会研究方向必做）比较分析宋末元初与明末清初城市的破坏与重建（专门史中国城市发展研究方向必做）中国现代自由主义评述（中国近现代史中国近现代思想与学术方向必做）比较分析太平天国的妇女解放与清末的妇女解放（中国近现代史中国近现代经济与社会方向必做）庚款办学述论（中国近现代史中国近现代政制研究方向必做）结合史例，谈谈近年来中国近代区域社会经济史领域研究的新特点，并作评述（中国近现代史中国近现代区域研究方向必做）2010年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一，论历史思维的方法二，结合史学理论与实践谈谈你对史学即史料学这一观点的认识中国近现代社会与文化专题一。

宗教学考研真题汇总.doc

宗教学原理：名词解释：2016白巫术佛陀承负祖先崇拜外丹术2015萨满教印度教清真教三位一体僧伽2014前万物有灵论自然神（伊斯兰教）五信（佛教）四圣谛社稷崇拜2013婆罗门《古兰经》拜物教麦克斯•缪勒道德天赋论2012前万物有灵论道德神启说僧伽世界性宗教世俗化2011科学无神论图腾崇拜新兴宗教传统宗教宗教经验2010-神教宗教经验民间信仰世俗化无神论2008摩尼教图腾崇拜塔木德多神教神灭论天台宗斋月2007吠陀犹太教六派七宗摩西十戒、也里可温教塔木德圣训2006神仙内丹佛陀密宗宗教改革2005祈祷神迹静明道禅宗也里可温教政教合一2004社稷崇拜神庙经济琐罗亚斯的教四要素说梵书简答20161神灵观念的种类2宗教世俗化3政教分离20151•宗教是迷信吗?为什么？2.列举宗教中的一些禁忌和以及起源。

3.列举几个世界性的宗教和宗教创建者及其宗教教义。

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四川大学期末考试试题(闭卷)

四川大学期末考试试题（闭卷）（2006 ——2007 学年第一学期）课程号：20402940 课序号：课程名称：生物化学任课教师：成绩：适用专业年级：2005级各专业学生人数：印题份数：学号：姓名：注：1试题字迹务必清晰，书写工整。

本题2 页，本页为第 2 页2 题间不留空，一般应题卷分开教务处试题编号：3务必用A4纸打印2006-2007生物化学试题答案一、给出下列名词的中文含义（10个，1分/个，共10分）1. BCCP生物素羧基载体蛋白2. NAD+ 氧化型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸3.cDNA 互补DNA4.hnRNA 不均一RNA5.cAMP 3，5－环化腺苷酸6.Tyr 络氨酸7.DDRP依赖于DNA 的RNA聚合酶8.GPT 谷丙转氨酶9.UDPG尿嘧啶二核苷酸葡萄糖10. tRNA fMet 甲酰甲硫氨酸－tRNA二、名词解释（10个，2分/个，共20分）1.构象是表示一个分子结构中一切原子沿共价键(单键)转动时而产生不同空间排列，它通常与分子的不对称性无关。

这种排列的变化会涉及到氢键等次级键的形成和破坏，而不改变共价键，这是三维空间的变化。

2.还原糖凡具有还原性，能使铜离子还原的糖类物质，称为还原糖3.血浆脂蛋白血脂与蛋白质结合而成。

根据密度不同可将脂蛋白分为高密度脂蛋白，低密度脂蛋白，极低密度脂蛋白，乳糜微粒。

主要转运脂肪，磷脂，胆固醇。

4.蛋白质超二级结构在一些具特殊功能的球状蛋白质分子中，常常出现若干相邻的二级结构单元按照一定规律，规则地组合在一起，彼此相互作用，形成在空间构象上可彼此区别的二级结构组合单位。

它可作为构成三级结构元件。

常分为αα、ββ、βαβ5. 外显子在DNA分子中，编码蛋白质氨基酸的部分。

6.同工酶催化相同的化学反应，但其酶蛋白本身的分子结构组成不同的一组酶。

7.氧化磷酸化电子从一个底物传递给分子氧的氧化与酶催化的由ADP和Pi生成ATP的磷酸化相偶联的过程。

四川大学考博B中国文学典籍真题与答案

四川⼤学考博B中国⽂学典籍真题与答案四川⼤学2005年攻读博⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试试题B考试科⽬：中国⽂学典籍科⽬代码：205选⽤专业：⽂艺学、语⾔学及应⽤语⾔学、汉语⾔⽂字学、中国古代⽂学、中国现当代⽂学、⽐较⽂学与世界⽂学、⽂艺与传媒、⽂化批评、⽂学⼈类学、佛教语⾔⽂学、⼴播影视⽂艺学⼀.填空（每题2分，共10分）1.请写出《尔雅》各篇篇名：。

释诂，释⾔，释训，释亲，释宫，释器，释乐，释天，释地，释丘，释⼭，释⽔，释草，释⽊，释⾍，释鱼，释鸟，释兽，释畜。

2.请写出《⽂⼼雕龙》的⼗篇篇名：。

原道第⼀，征圣第⼆，宗经第三，正纬第四，辨骚第五，明诗第六，乐府第七，诠赋第⼋，颂赞第九，祝盟第⼗，序志第五⼗。

3.请写出《⼗三经》各经经名：。

《易经》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公⽺传》、《春秋⾕粱传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》、《孟⼦》⼗三部儒家的经典4.请写出《⼆⼗五史》各史书名：。

⼆⼗五史是中国历代官修的⼆⼗五部纪传体史书的总称。

它包括《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》、《晋书》、《宋书》、《南齐书》、《梁书》、《陈书》、《魏书》、《北齐书》、《周书》、《隋书》、《南史》、《北史》、《旧唐书》、《新唐书》、《旧五代史》、《新五代史》、《宋史》、《辽史》、《⾦史》、《元史》、《明史》、《清史稿》等⼆⼗五部史书。

它上起传说中的黄帝（前2550年），⽌于清朝宣统四年（1912年），⽤本纪、列传、表、志等统⼀的体裁的编写。

⼆⼗五史之中，除第⼀部《史记》是通史之外，其余皆为断代史。

5.《庄⼦》共多少篇＿？其中内篇是哪七篇。

33；《庄⼦·内篇·逍遥游第⼀》，《庄⼦·内篇·齐物论第⼆》，《庄⼦·内篇·养⽣主第三》，《庄⼦·内篇·⼈间世第四》，《庄⼦·内篇·德充符第五》，《庄⼦·内篇·⼤宗师第六》，《庄⼦·内篇·应帝王第七》。