中考英语阅读和写作六大重要题型全突破---题型四 语篇填空

题型四语篇填空语篇填空试题所涉及的知识面广,灵活性高,综合性也很强。

它主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度、对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力,能反映出学生的英语综合素质。

它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识,还考查学生的理解、推导、分析等综合能力。

【解题方法】1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。

解题时先跳过空格，通读完整篇短文，了解全篇的内容和主旨，先易后难。

例如：In search of some 67 for his task, Jimmy interviewed his grandmother who of course 68 nothing about the reason why Jimmy asked such questions.【解析】对于67小题，考生起先不知道吉米想搜寻什么，但是，跳过空格接着往后看，出现了such questions，故可知此空格内需要填写answers。

2. 读短文，确定语义。

把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。

例如：They immediately(立即) became 75 and started to play at each other's houses or the weekend.【解析】此空格需要填的词语既可为形容词，也可为名词，但是根据后文提示play at each other' s houses可判断她们两人成了好朋友。

故填friends。

3. 利用语境,确定词形。

当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来判断其形式。

如动词的人称、数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式；名词的数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。

例如：...and the new girl was 70 to say three things about herself.【解析】通过上下文语境可以判断，此句为被动语态，即“被要求”，故可以选择动词ask。

被动语态的句式要求用过去分词形式，故用asked。

4.复读全文，验正答案。

填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个词进行检查，而必须将所有填入的词代人文章中复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，发现问题要及时更正。

另外，有些地区中考还增设了短文填空，属于语篇填空的一种形式，我们来看一下该题型的命题内容。

【命题要求】阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。

每空限填一词。

【命题目的】目的在于考查考生在理解文章的基础上把握句子结构、词语搭配等的能力。

【解题方法】短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整、正确。

它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式。

做短文填空题的方法与上面介绍的语篇填空基本相似，但是需要注意以下几点：1.语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。

2.要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。

3.填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。

若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。

如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。

4.有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及习惯用法。

【例题分析】阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。

每空限填一词。

I think I have the greatest friends in the world.They are just 1 important to me as my family. Infact, they are my family, really. My best friends and I all grew 2 together and shared so many experiences together. I would do anything for my friends and I'm sure theyd do anything for me. I sure there's nothing in the world 3 could stop us from being friends. I have also made lots of other good friends from university and the different places I 4 worked. They are also important to me. We are now ll over the world and it's sometimes difficult 5 meet each other, but we stay in touch. One day I'd like to get all of my friends together for a big party. That would be great fun.【解析】1.as本空考查as...as...句型使用，意为“和...一样”，原文理解为“他们对我来说恰如家庭一样重要”。

2.up本空考查固定搭配, grow up“长大”。

3.that本空考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为不定代词nothing，故关系词用that。

4.have本空考查助动词，此处意为“我曾经工作的地方”，用现在完成时，故填助动词have。

5.to本空考查不定式符号，it为形式主语，动词不定式to meet each other为真正的主语。

精选训练（一）relax.There 2.________ four people in this family. Mr.Green is 3.________policeman. He works very hard from Monday to Saturday. He walks his dog every day 4.________ dinner for an hour. Mrs.Green is a teacher in a school. Her 5.________ are young and naughty. She often plays badminton with them after school. Tom is Mr.Green's son. He is only sixteen years old. After 6.________ his homework, he often plays basketball with his friends.Linda is 7.________ sister. She is only eight years old. She doesn't have so much homework as Tom. She often plays the piano at home. They are all 8.________ in dancing. They often have a family party on weekends. At the party, they 9.________ play the music 10.________ they can dance to.（二）studied most spend both ownseasons rise happy member asthis time, team spirit is the 1.________ important.In 1957, a team of eighteen people 2.________ the whole winter at the South Pole(南极). There they 3.________ the secrets of the earth. In this very cold place, there are only two 4.________ —summer and winter. In winter, the sun never 5.________ and there is no light at all. What's more, the weather was the worst of a year. So these eighteen men had to face 6.________ the darkness and the bad weather.These people made up a “family” and all the 7.________ took turns to do things for their daily life. Everybody had his 8.________ work to do. They trained one person 9.________ a doctor. And another one learned how to cook. During the six month longwinter, they worked together as one. In the end, they all finished their work, and came back home safely and 10.________．（三）were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706 another baby was born. The boy's mother and her husband gave the boy a 1.________ —Benjamin.Benjamin was the 2.________ of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent him to 3.________．At school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at maths. He read all of his father's 4.________. And when he had money, he 5.________ went to buy books. He liked books. They told him 6.________ to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to 7.________ ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there was some way to 8.________ farther, maybe with something on his hands or feet. Slowly a picture of swimming shoes, or paddles, grew in his 9.________. The paddles must be neither too 10.________ nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor too light. At last he invented the paddle for swimming.（四）Reading is really important.___1___,we can get knowledge through reading, which not only broadens our horizons（拓宽视野）, but also makes___2___cleverer and happier. Moreover,our school studies can be greatly improved if we keep reading, and we think___3___our future will become brighter.However, some____4____spend too much time_____5_____their cell-phones to listen to music, watch movies or play on-line games and this will take much of their spare time. So I would like to suggest that everyone should do more reading _6_good books, especially read Chinese classic novels every day so that we can spread our Chinese traditional culture to ___7___world. Meanwhile, we can enrich our minds quite a lot by reading regularly and it is also good for us to get fully developed __8___it can help improve our writing skill. Surely, we can read books alone, or read books with our friends.All in all, doing reading___9___us much good if we do it from now on, and it is strongly____10___that we should make reading become a habit of our life, do you agree with me?（五）earth for thousands of years, and have changed little. A shark is a fish, but it has many ____1.____ from a fish. For example, if a shark ____2.____ swimming, it will sink(下沉)．There are ____3.__ 200 and 250 kinds of sharks in different size. The largestcan be ____4.___ long as 15 meters. Sharks feed on fish, ___5.__ sea animals, or smaller sharks. It is said that one of the most ____6.___ sharks is the Great White Shark. They have attacked(攻击) a number of people off the beaches of America. Australia, New Zealand and South Africa also have shark attacks.In some places there ____7.__ watchtowers on the beach to warn people about sharks in the water. ___8.__ a shark appears, a bell rings to tell people to get out of the water. Sharks attack about 100 people a year in America. Perhaps the shark ___9.___ thinks that the person is a kind of sea animal or___ 10.___ good to eat!答案解析（一）【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。