2010年英语专八改错部分真题及答案
英语专八真题改错含答案.
2005 The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition; the poor one's job prospects, 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer.2006 We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5 speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We tak e it for granted rice‟ two most 8common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech or by visual signs (writing. And these are 9among most striking of human achievements. 102007 From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1 __ _ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2 _ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 _ ______ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 _ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5 _than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in6_other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are10wholly conventional.08The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent ____1____ part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate ____2____ a given language to show that they are distinctive from another ____3____ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States ____4____ split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a ____5____ different language from those of Britain. There was even one ____6____ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English ____7____ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone ____8____ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. ____9____Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world ____10____ that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.09专八改错原题Proofreading & Error Correction:The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference(1___________ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener(2___________ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3____________ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground(4_____________ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5___________it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children ofthe (6________________same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7__________ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8___________ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live(9_______________ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10____________2010年专八真题改错原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled ‟primitive‟ is inherently more precise and subtle t han English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected ‟primitiveness‟. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos‟ life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth cen tury could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicleswhich send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2005 答案解析:1. investing应改为invested。
(完整)专八改错题及答案
2012年3月专八真题：改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally orfreely．The argument has been going since at least the first （1） ______century B。
C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century， many writers favouredcertain kind of “free" translation： the spirit, not the letter; the （2） _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3） _______the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of the 19th (5） ____ century， when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language （6) _______was entirely the product of culture， the view translation was impossible （7） _____gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as （8) __literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vlad imir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the natureof the readership， the type of the text, was not discussed．Too often，writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other．Now， the context has changed， and the basic problem remains．（10） _____参考答案：1．going后加on2．certain改为a certain3．rather改为not4．is 改为was5．in 改为 at6．去掉第二个the7．view后面加that8．去掉 was9．culminated后面加in10．and 改为but2011年3月专八真题：改错部分From a very early age， perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer。
英语专业八级改错真题及答案 持续更新 部分详解 文字答案校对版
1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes humanbeings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________ what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, th e more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______ towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of menand women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominantfactor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look intothe problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______ 2016年改错真题All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships,a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,songs, or events that come to have a unique andimportant symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._________ social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, orsociety—develops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5.__________ communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6.__________ Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics 7.__________are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies,but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social commun ication.Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9.__________ another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._________ transmitted, and learned through communication.2015年改错真题When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the luxury of the 1. ________rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2.________ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ________ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ________ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ________ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ________new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ________own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.________ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9________ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. _________2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.__________ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2.__________◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? 3.__________◆What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4.__________ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages?◆What is the role of the language teaching in the 5.___________acquisition of an additional language?◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6.__________the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8.___________ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9.___________or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10.___________ 2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involv ed in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned 1.__________with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually 2.__________ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. 3.__________ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, 4.________you normally cannot help but understand it.It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of 5._________the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannotremember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._________ influenced their language; if we observe a child acquire language; 7._________if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if weare visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else 8._________who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called“language in exceptional circumstances” reveal a great deal about theprocesses evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But 9.__________ given that language processes were normally so automatic, we also 10.__________ need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening.2012年改错真题The central problem of translating has always been whether totranslate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least 1.__________ the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, manywriters favored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the 2.__________ letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter 3.__________ not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 4.___________ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 5.___________ 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 6.__________ entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible 7.__________ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must 8.__________ be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the 9._________ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation,the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed.Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with eachother. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. 10. _________ 2011年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, Iknew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._____________ of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon thisidea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._____________ true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._____________ and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap offive years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._____________ before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._____________ made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had thelonely child's habit of making up stories and holdingconversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._____________ very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._____________ of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facilitywith words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._____________ felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._____________ my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10.____________ volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended —writing whichI produced all through my childhood and boyhood would notamount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poemat the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010年改错真题So far as we can tell, all human languages are equallycomplete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1____________the things their speakers want to say. 2____________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_____________people s or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not allgroups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics orpsychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4____________fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak aboutsnow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_____________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of thosesometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise andsubtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6____________in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7___________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in whichEnglishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9___________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo languagecould be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufactureor cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth centurycould not talk about motorcars with the minute discriminationwhich is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicleswhich send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when weare reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguishbetween a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig,a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?2009年改错真题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes fromone school child to the next and illustrates the further difference 1.__________between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt inearly childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener 2.__________has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchild 3.___________The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it maybe something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore, 4.__________ therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is 5._________ learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, 6.___________or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age betweenplaymates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhymecan be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 7.___________for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very 8.___________ possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred younghearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much 9.__________ handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 10.___________ 2008年改错真题The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent 1.__________ part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2.__________ a given language to show that they are distinctive from another 3.__________ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States 4.__________ split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5.__________ different language from those of Britain. There was even one 6.__________ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7.__________ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone 8.__________knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. 9.__________ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world 10.__________ that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.2007年改错真题From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1.__________ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2.__________ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3._________ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4.__________ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5.__________ than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds 6.___________ too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7.___________ such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8.___________between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9.____________ whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional. 10.___________ 2006年改错真题We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1.________ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2.________ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3._________ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4._________ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5._________ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognises, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6._________ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7._________ member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8.___________ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9.___________ among most striking of human achievements. 10.___________ 2005年改错真题The University as BusinesA number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuitionincreases for next year—much steeper than the current, very low rate ofinflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value ofuniversity endowments heavily investing in common stock. I am skeptical. 1._______ A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues,irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the outlook of 2._________ universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3._________ business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic 4._________ uncertainty increases the demand for education. The biggest cost ofbeing in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a 5._________ factor in graduate and professional-school tuition);the poor one's job prospects, the more sense it makes to 6.__________ reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students7._________ include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. Sky-high tuitions 8.____________ have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just asbusiness firms sometimes collude to shorten the rigors of competition, 9.___________ universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athleteswhom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the bestathletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salariesearlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by theantitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competitionfor the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basisof merit rather than purely of need—just like businessfirms agreeing not to give discounts on their best customer. 10 ___________2004年改错真题One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congressis the power to investigate. The power is usually delegtated tocommittees —either stading committees,special committees set for a specific purpose, 1.___________or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 2.___________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forFuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualification and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 3.___________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 4.___________and to make out detailed studies of issues. 5.____________ There are important corallaries to the investigative power.One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. 6.___________ most committee hearings are open to public and are reported 7.___________ widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakes 8.___________to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issuses.9.__________ Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite fro contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. 10.__________ 2003年改错真题Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred 1.________ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young 2.________ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two decades and caused a major 3.___________but tem porary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate 4.__________ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. 5.__________Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who 6._________ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the 7._________ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well 8.__________as late r decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious 9.__________ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in 10._________ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role ofbreadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.2002年改错真题There are great impediments to the general use of a standardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt“naturally” and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1.____________ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what 2.____________ our speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often 3.____________ comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. 4.____________ It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwritingis something which we almost always know. We begin the “natural” 5.___________ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read orwrite, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.___________ practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hoursper every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult 7.__________ English spelling. This is “natural” therefore, that our speech-sounds 8.__________ should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen,speech operates as a means of holding a community and 9.__________ giving a sense of “belonging”. We learn quite early to recognize a“stranger”, someone who speaks with an accent of a different Community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10.__________ 2001年改错真题During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the verylifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yieldsand the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. 1.________ The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.______ War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing thewestern crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain sellingas carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat priceswere generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for 3.____________ markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheatsoon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 4.____________ just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,5.________ producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to 6.________ become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened7.________ to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___________ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveriesfrom the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended,and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 9._________ 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board,with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 10.___________ 2000年改错真题The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously differentfrom the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less 1.___________ meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___________ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.__________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4.__________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.__________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this diff erence in meaning. 6.___________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8.___________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.__________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.1999年改错真题The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.____________ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2.____________ with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.__________ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.___________ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.__________ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6.___________ diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7.___________ They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average 8.__________ American adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to 9.___________an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habitsas a model for healthier diet.1998年改错真题。
专八改错历届真题及答案
.. 以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案PART IV PROOFREADING＆ERRORCORRECTION ［15 MIN］The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error。
In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way：For a wrong word，underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line。
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^”sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line。
For an unnecessary word， cross the unnecessary word with a slash ”/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line。
EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit，（1) anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition it must often build it。
专八改错_历届(2000年-2011年)真题及答案
2000 年-2011 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析By 兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1，在grow后加up, 考固定短语2，改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3，改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4，在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。
2010年专八真题超级详解
英语专业八级2010年试题答案及解析第一部分听力理解SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. tones of voice【解析】细节题。
这篇讲座主要介绍辅助语言学，其特征分为两大类，第一类就是语言特征，文中提到“Vocal features are actually tones of voice...”。
2. huskiness【解析】细节题。
由“The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance.”可以得知表达沙哑的语音特征就是“huskiness”。
3. universal expression/signal【解析】细节题。
肢体的辅助语言特征第一类是面部表情，作者举例时讲到“We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome”,同时，也列举了一些不常用的表情，即less common expression,与之相对应的也就是universal expression,所以答案是“universal expression/signal”。
4. thinking or uncertainty【解析】细节题。
在介绍面部表情时作者提到“…biting your lip, which indicates you are deep in thinking. or are uncertain about something,”。
5. lack of interest/indifference【解析】细节题。
在将英国人行为中，作者提到“In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attit ude of ‘I don't care’or‘ I don't know.’”。
历年专八改错(2000年-2014年)真题及答案解析
2014年真题改错部分There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition(SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.___________ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2.___________ ·Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same senseone acquires a first language? 3. __________ ·What is the explanation for the fact adults have more difficulty in 4.__________ acquiring additional languages than children have?·What motivates people to acquire additional languages?·What is the role of the language teaching in the acquisition of an 5.__________ additional language?·What sociocultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all the 6.__________ approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have onething in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of anadditional language is that of an individual attempts to do so. Whether 7.__________ one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is anindividual accomplishment or what is under focus is the cognitive, 8.__________ psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, thespotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological 9.___________ factors play a role in the learning or acquisition, and whether the targetlanguage is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with 10.__________ native speakers.2014年真题改错部分答案：1.is 添加also a2.possessed 改为attracted 词汇搭配attract one’s attention3.the same sense 后添加as one 固定搭配(介词)：the same as4.the fact 后添加that adults从句：同位语从句，关系代词that 不可省略5.the language 去掉the , 此处泛指不特指，非特指6.check 改为review 词汇：纵览，回顾，综述7.attempts改为attempting 介词后+名词/动名词短语8.or改为and 连词：顺应关系9.involving 改为involved 非谓语动词：被动关系，用过去分词10.t ouch 改为interaction 词汇interaction 指交流，互动；touch 触碰，指身体接触2013年专八真题改错部分2013年专业八级改错答案及解析：1. production 改为producing。
改错 答案
2010年专八真题改错原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2010年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入 as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But5 further 改为much6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the。
专八改错_历届(2000年-2011年)真题及答案
The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavored certain kind of “free” t ranslation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____参考答案：1．going∧ since－加入on题解：go on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。
英语专业八级改错10年真题
The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._____ with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter- gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishingand only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._______ They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______ adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________ style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________ healthier diet.2000改错The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1._______ from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2._______ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4._________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5._________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8._________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1._______they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2._______ favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3._______not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.________were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5._______ On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6._______but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.______least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.______ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 9.______the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.______buy, sell, and set prices.2002改错There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally”and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1__________ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech 2._____________ sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock 3.__________when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we 4._________recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We begin the natural learning 5.__________of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.____________practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our 7.______________difficult English spelling. This is “natural”, therefore, that our 8.______________speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9._______________and giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a “stranger”, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10.________________2003改错Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)______ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2)_______ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)_______but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)________ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)________Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)________ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)________ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)________ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)___________ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)___________ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - either standing committees, special committees set for a specific (1)________ purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)_________ and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_________There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_________ committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)__________widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)__________ to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.(9)________Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)_________2005改错The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects, 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer.2006改错We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4______ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6______ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______ member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two m ost8_______ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9______ among most striking of human achievements. 10_______ 2007改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1 __ _ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2 _ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 _ ______ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 _ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5 _ than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in6_other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8________ between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are10________ wholly conventional.2008年改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one，and in result language has played a 1__________prominent part in national moves．Men have often felt the need 2__________to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive 3____________from another race．whose hegemony they resent．At the time the 4.___________ United States split off from Britain，for example，there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by 5.____________the use of a different language from those of Britain．6.____________There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew．Others favoured the adoption of Greek，though，as one man put it，things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to 7.____________English and made the British learn Greek．At the end，as everyone 8.___________ knows，the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before．Since nearly two hundred years now，they have shown the 9.______________world that political independence and national identity can be 10.___________ complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language．2009年改错The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_____ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_____has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_____The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_____ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_____it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_____same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____original wording.2010年改错So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled ’primitive’) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected ’primitiveness’. The position is simpl y and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos’ life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the ninetee nth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?。
专八改错 (2000年-2015年)真题及答案
2000 年-2015 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析2005年3月21日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1. ______rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ______much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ______started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ______ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ______new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ______own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8. ______aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. ______speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. ______1.looked改成looking2.she后面加had3.去掉第二个a4.去掉it5.polite改成politely6.which改成that7.specially改成especially8.this改成it9.continually改成often10.mend改成narrow2014改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______1. 把of去掉。
专八改错2000年-2011年真题及答案.
2000 年-2011 年专八短文改错试题,参考答案以及答案分析By 兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________ seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________ soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________ being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1,在grow后加up, 考固定短语2,改consience为consciousness 考词语区别,consience翻译为“良心,道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3,改soon为sooner,sooner or later是固定短语4,在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。
专八改错真题及答案(K12教育文档)
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2000 年—2015年专八短文改错试卷2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens， I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1.______rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven。
I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2。
______vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush"was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation。
that 3.______much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4。
______started to use the word。
Yes， I replied, they certainly are plush， andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters， aren’t they？ Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me，but I could tell from her 5.______expression that I had not got the word quite right。
(完整word版)专八改错_历届(2000年-2013年)真题及答案解读
PART IV PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a"^"sign and write the word you believe to bemissing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition it must often build it. (3) exhibit2013年Psycholinguistics is the name given to the study of the psychologicalprocesses involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1)listening, reading, speaking, writing, and the memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2)happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3)Indeed, when you listen to someone speaking, looking at this page, (4)You normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptionalcircumstances we might become aware of the complexity. (5)involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6)their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if (7)we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing- impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8)of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstance”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9)listening, writing and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful (10)experiments to get at what is happening.2013参考答案：1. production改producing2. 去掉the3. of 后加the most of time 意为时常most of the time 绝大多数时间4. looking5. we 前加that 强调句6. influenced改affected, influence 强调人或物对某人的影响，affect强调因为某种作用对某人或某物产生的影响，本句中指中风这一动作行为对语言的影响7. acquire 改acquiring observe sb. Doing sth.8. anyone 改someone9. evolved 改involved10. were 改are2012年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely.The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th(5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____2012参考答案：1．going∧since－加入on 题解：go on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。
2010年英语专八改错部分真题及答案
2010年英语专八改错部分真题及答案北京环球时代英语专业考研MTI翻译硕士专四专八日语考研等2010年英语专八改错部分真题及答案2010年专八真题改错原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important. Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today:cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2010年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But5 further 改为much6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the。
专八真题改错参考答案.doc
2010年专八真题改错参考答案1 be 后插入as;2 their 改为its;3 There 改为It;4 Whereas 改为But5 further 改为much6 come 改为bring;7 similar 改为different;8 will 改为would;9 as important 去掉as; 10 the part 去掉the到目前为止，我们可以说，所有的人类语言作为交流手段都同样地完整和完美：即每一种语言似乎都具备了任何说话者想要说的表达。
它可能或不可能适合谈论原始民族或他们的文化，但那又是另一回事。
当然，并不是所有的人都同样胜任核物理研究或心理学研究或培育水稻或雕刻贝纳勒斯黄铜。
但这并不是他们语言的过错。
爱斯基摩人可以用大量比我们用英语更精确、更巧妙的词汇谈论雪，但这并不是因为爱斯基摩人的语言(其中的一些语言有时被误称为“原始”)天生就是比英语更精确、更微妙。
这个例子并不足以揭示英语的缺陷，显示意想不到的“原始”。
道理很简单和明显，爱斯基摩人和英国人居住在不同的环境中。
大胆推测，如果日常惯用的英语所处的环境做出了这种重要的区别，那麽英语语言将会对不同种类的雪有着同样丰富的表达。
2009专八改错参考答案(1) illustrated,承接has shown and illustrated...版本二：the 改为a (2) when 改为until (3)their 改为his 以于上文匹配(4) something 改为anything (5) therefore 显然应为however (6) in the general 去掉the (7) currently 改为current (8) it has passed along 改为it has been passed 版本二：over and over 后面加again (9) live 改为alive (10) to let alone 去掉to改为let aloneTEM-8 2008:1.one — thing2. moves ---------- movements3. distinctive --------- d istinct/different4. at the timeA the United States -------- w hen 5. accepted ------- acknowledged/confirmed 6. those ---------- that7.stuck on - stuck 8. At the end ------------ In the end 9. carrying A with -------------on10. Since ----- ForTEM-8 2007:1. and --------- or2. A shows ----------------------that/which 或shows ------------ showing3. the language ----- language4. and -------- b ut/whereas/while5. large ----- larger/bigger6.in other ground - on other ground 或disproove —prove7.return ---- reaction/response/answer/reply 8. emphasize on ------------ emphasize9. to A large --------- a 或large ---- some 10. these ------------ t hoseTEM-8 2006:1. agreeing -- agreed2. way——ways3. in his disposal ------ a t his disposal4.enables -- enable5. the other English speakers ----------- o ther English speakers6.old -- older7. seen --------- perceived/ understood/ comprehended8.it for granted --- for granted 9. or ——and 10. A most ----------------- theTEM-8 2005:1. investing——invested2. irrespective A——of3. those——these4.fact A——that5. in the school——in school6. poor——poorer7. A which——in 8. eliminate——eliminating 9. shorten——lessen 10. on——toTEM-8 2004:1. set A——up2. consisted——consisting3. in——on4. rely A outside——on5.make out——make6. its——their7. to A public——the8.nevertheless——thus 或therefore 9. interests ——interest 10. these——thoseTEM-8 2003:1. height——high 或peak2. of a steady decline——of steady decline3.went A——on 或went——lasted4. high——higher5. Europe——European6.删除equally 或删除more7. nevertheless——also8. that——those9.Since——Although/Though/While 10. in——toTEM-8 2002:1. and——while/whereas/but/yet2. with——of3. speak out——speak4.firstly——first5. which——that6. went——go7. per every day——per day8.This——It 9. a community A——together 10. far——awayTEM-8 2001:1. in——with2. increasing——increasingly3. so——but 4, 去掉soon 或去掉shortly5.just——only6. asked A——for7. involving——involved8. life——living9.handle——deal/cope,也可去掉handle 后面的with 10. total——full/absoluteTEM-8 2000:1. seem the most——seem most2. but——and3. in——to4. misled——misleading5.far away from——far from6. single——only7. as——in8. mean——means9.have A lexical——such 10.number——amount / dealTEM-8 1999:1. as——like2. supplementing——supplemented3. and——or4. in——on5. as——while / whereas6. 去掉for, 或者provide——account7.despite of——despite 8. half A——that 9. if——while / whereas10. A healthier——a1.答案：as— like【详细解答】as our prehistoric human ancestors意为“作为人类史前的祖先那样”，但是根据上下文，此处应表达的意思是“像人类史前的祖先那样”，故应该将as改为介词like o2.答案：supplementing—> supplemented【详细解答】本句中的分词短语supplementing with animal foods是定语，修饰vegetable diet,根据上下文，此处是指“素食被肉食补充”，故应该用过去分词表被动。
英语专业八级改错真题及答案持续更新部分详解文字答案校对
1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes humanbeings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, the more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of menand women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominantfactor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look intothe problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______2016年改错真题All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships,a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,songs, or events that come to have a unique andimportant symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._________social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, orsociety—develops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5.__________ communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6.__________Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics 7.__________are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies,but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication.Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9.__________ another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._________ transmitted, and learned through communication.2015年改错真题When?I?was?in?my?early?teens,?I?was?taken?to?a?spectacular?show?on?ice?by?the?mother?of?a?friend.?Looked?round?at?the?luxury?of?the 1. ________ rink,?my?friend’s?mother?remarked?on?the?“plush”?seats?we?had?been?given.?I?did?not?know?what?she?meant,?and?being?proud?of?my2.______ __??vocabulary,?I?tried?to?infer?its?meaning?from?the?context.?“Plush”?was?clearly?intended?as?a?complimentary,?a?positive?evaluation;?that3. ________?? much?I?could?tell?it?from?the?tone?of?voice?and?the?context.?So?I4.?______ __?started?to?use?the?word.?Yes,?I?replied,?they?certainly?are?plush,?and?so?are?the?ice?rink?and?the?costumes?of?the?skaters,?aren’t?they??My?friend’s?mother?was?very?polite?to?correct?me,?but?I?could?tell?from?her5. ________?? expression?that?I?had?not?got?the?word?quite?right.?Often?we?can?indeed?infer?from?the?context?what?a?word?roughly?means,?and?that?is?in?fact?the?way?which?we?usually?acquire?both6.?_______ _?new?words?and?new?meanings?for?familiar?words,?specially?in?our7.?________? own?first?language.?But?sometimes?we?need?to?ask,?as?I?should?have?asked?for?plush,?and?this?is?particularly?true?in?the 8.__ ______aspect?of?a?foreign?language.?If?you?are?continually?surrounded?by9________ speakers?of?the?language?you?are?learning,?you?can?ask?them?directly,??but?often?this?opportunity?does?not?exist?for?the?learner?of?English.?So?dictionaries?have?been?developed?to?mend?the?gap.10.?____ _____2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions1.__________ have?possessed?the?most?attention?of?researchers?in?this?area:? 2.__________◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language3.__________◆What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4.__________ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages?◆What is the role of the language teaching in the 5.___________acquisition of an additional language?◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all6.__________the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under8.___________ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning9.___________or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.? 10.___________2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics?is?the?name?given?to?the?study?of?the?psychological?processes??invol ved?in?language.?Psycholinguistics?study?understanding,??production?and?remembering?language,?and?hence?are?concerned? 1.__________with ?listening,?reading,?speaking,?writing,?and?memory?for?language.?One?reason?why?we?take?the?language?for?granted?is?that?it?usually 2.__________ happens?so?effortlessly,?and?most?of?time,?so?accurately. 3.__________? Indeed,?when?you?listen?to?someone?to?speaking,?or?looking?at?this?page,??4.________ younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.It?is?only?in?exceptional??circumstances?we?might??become?aware?of?5._________ the?complexity?involved:?if?we?are?searching?for?a?word?but?cannot?remember?it;??if?a?relative?or?colleague?has?had?a?stroke?which?has? 6._________ influenced??their?language;?if?we?observe?a?child?acquire?language;? 7._________if??we?try?to?learn?a?second?language?ourselves?as?an?adult;?or??if?we?are?visually?impaired?or?hearing-impaired?or?if?we?meet?anyone?else? 8._________ who?is.?As?we?shall?see,?all?these?examples of?what?might?be?called?“language?in?exceptional?circumstances”??reveal?a?great?deal?about?the processesevolvedinspeaking, listening,writingandreading.But 9.__________ given?that?language?processes??were?normally?so?automatic,?we?also? 10.__________ need?to?carry?out?careful?experiments?to?get?at?what?is?happening.??2012年改错真题The?central?problem?of?translating?has?always?been?whether?to?translate?literally?or?freely.?The?argument?has?been?going?since?at?least? 1.__________ the?first?century?B.C.?Up?to?the?beginning?of?the?19th?century,?many?writers?favored?certain?kind?of?“free”?translation:?t he?spirit,?not?the? 2.__________ letter;?the?sense?not?the?word;?the?message?rather?the?form;?the?matter? 3.__________ not?the?manner.?This?is?the?often?revolutionary?slogan?of?writers?who? 4.___________ wanted?the?truth?to?be?read?and?understood.?Then?in?the?turn?of? 5.___________19th?century,?when?the?study?of?cultural?anthropology?suggested?that?the?linguistic?barriers?were?insuperable?and?that?the?language?was? 6.__________ entirely?the?product?of?culture,?the?view?translation?was?impossible? 7.__________? gained?some?currency,?and?with?it?that,?if?was?attempted?at?all,?it?must? 8.__________ be?as literal?as?possible.?This?view?culminated?the?statement?of?the? 9._________? extreme?“literalists”?Walter?Benjamin?and?Vladimir?Nobokov.The?argument?was?theoretical:?the?purpose?of?the?translation,?the?nature?of?the?readership,?the?type?of?the?text,?was?not?discussed.?Too?often,?writer, translator?and?reader?were?implicitly?identified?with?each?other.?Now,?the?context?has?changed,?and?the?basic?problem?remains.? 10.?_________ 2011年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, Iknew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._____________of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon thisidea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._____________true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._____________and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap offive years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._____________before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._____________made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had thelonely child's habit of making up stories and holdingconversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._____________very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._____________of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facilitywith words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._____________felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._____________my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10.____________volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended —writing whichI produced all through my childhood and boyhood would notamount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poemat the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010年改错真题So?far?as?we?can?tell,?all?human?languages?are?equally??complete?and?perfect?as?instruments?of?communication:?that?is,??every?language?appears?to?be?well?equipped?as?any?other?to?say1____________ the?things?their?speakers?want?to?say.2____________There?may?or?may?not?be?appropriate?to?talk?about?primitive3_____________peo ples?or?cultures,?but?that?is?another?matter.?Certainly,?not?all??groups?of?people?are?equally?competent?in?nuclear?physics?or??psychology?or?the?cultivation?of?rice?.?Whereas?this?is?not?the4____________ fault?of?their?language.?The?Eskimos?,?it?is?said,?can?speak?about?snow?with?further?more?precision?and?subtlety?than?we?can?in5_____________ English,?but?this?is?not?because?the?Eskimo?language?(one?of?those??sometimes?miscalled?'primitive')?is?inherently?more?precise?and??subtle?than?English.?This?example?does?not?come?to?light?a?defect6____________ in?English,?a?show?of?unexpected?'primitiveness'.?The?position?is?simply?and?obviously?that?the?Eskimos?and?the?English?live?in?similar??7___________ environments.?The?English?language?will?be?just?as?rich?in?terms8____________ for?different?kinds?of?snow,?presumably,?if?the?environments?in?which? Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9___________ Similarly,?we?have?no?reason?to?doubt?that?the?Eskimo?language??could?be?as?precise?and?subtle?on?the?subject?of?motor?manufacture??or?cricket?if?these?topics?formed?the?part?of?the?Eskimos'?life.10____________ For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth centurycould not talk about motorcars with the minute discriminationwhich is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicleswhich send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when weare reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguishbetween a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig,a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?2009年改错真题The?previous?section?has?shown?how?quickly?a?rhyme?passes?from?one?school?child?to?the?next?and?illustrates?the?further?difference1.__________ betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearly?childhood,?is?not?usually?passed?on?again?when?the?little listener ?2.__________ has?grown?up,?and?has?children?of?their?own,?or?even?grandchild 3.___________ The?period?between?learning?a?nursery?rhyme?and?transmitting?it?may?be?something?from?twenty?to?seventy?years.With?the?playground?lore,? 4.__________ therefore,?a?rhyme?may?be?excitedly?passed on?within?the?very?hour?it?is?5._________ learnt;?and?in?the?general,?it?passes?between?children?of?the?same?age,?6.___________ or?nearly?so,?since?it?is?uncommon??for?the?difference?in?age?between?playmates?to?be?more?than?five?years.?If, therefore,?a?playground?rhyme?can?be?shown?to?have?been?currently?for?a?hundred?years,?or?even?just?7.___________ for?fifty,?it?follows?that?it?has?been?retransmitted?over?and?over;?very? 8.___________ possibly?it?has?passed?along?a?chain?of?two?or?three?hundred?young?hearers?and?tellers,?and?the?wonder?is?that?it?remains?live?after?so?much?9.__________ handling,?to?let?alone?that?it?bears?resemblance?to?the10.______ _____2008年改错真题The?desire?to?use?language?as?a?sign?of?national?identity?is?a?very?natural?one,?and?in?result?language?has?played?a?prominent1.__________ part?in?national?moves.?Men?have?often?felt?the?need?to?cultivate2.__________ a?given?language?to?show?that?they?are?distinctive?from?another3.__________ race?whose?hegemony?they?resent.?At?the?time?the?United?States??????? ?4.__________ split?off?from?Britain,?for?example,?there?were?proposals?that?independence?should?be?linguistically?accepted?by?the?use?of?a5.__________ different?language?from?those?of?Britain.?There?was?even?one?????????? ?6.__________ proposal?that?Americans?should?adopt?Hebrew.?Others?favoured?the?adoption?of?Greek,?though,?as?one?man?put?it,?things?would?certainly?be?simpler?for?Americans?if?they?stuck?on?to?English7.__________? andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone 8.__________ knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolution?of?carrying?with?the?same?language?as?before. 9.__________ Since?nearly?two?hundred?years?now,?they?have?shown?the?world 10.__________ that?political?independence?and?national?identity?can?be?complete?without?sacrificing?the?enormous?mutual?advantages?of?a?common?language.?2007年改错真题From?what?has?been?said,?it?must?be?clear?that?no?one?can??make?very?positive?statements?about?how?language?originated.??There?is?no?material?in?any?language?today?and?in?the?earliest 1.__________? records?of?ancient?languages?show?us?language?in?a?new?and ?2.__________ emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage 3._________? originated?in?cries?of?anger,?fear,?pain?and?pleasure,?and?the 4.__________? necessary?evidence?is?entirely?lacking:?there?are?no?remotetribes,?no?ancient?records,?providing?evidence?of??a?language?with?a?large?proportion?of?such?cries ? 5.__________? than?we?find?in?English.?It?is?true?that?the?absenceof?such?evidence?does?not?disprove?the?theory,?but?in?other?grounds 6.___________ too?the?theory?is?not?very?attractive.??People?of?all?races?and?languages?make?rather?similar??noises?in?return?to?pain?or?pleasure.?The?fact?that7.___________?such?noises?are?similar?on?the?lips?of?Frenchmen??and?Malaysians?whose?languages?are?utterly?different,??serves?to?emphasize?on?the?fundamental?difference ?? 8.___________ betweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysay?that?the?cries?of?pain?or?chortles?of?amusement??are?largely?reflex?actions,?instinctive?to?large?extent, 9.____________? whereas?language?proper?does?not?consist?of?signs?but?of?these?that?have?to?be?learnt?and?that?are wholly?conventional. 10.___________ 2006年改错真题We?use?language?primarily?as?a?means?of?communication?with? otherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichwe liveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1.________ to?the?way?in?which?words?should?be?arranged?to?convey?a?particular2.________ message:?the?English?speaker?has?in?his?disposal?vocabulary?and?a3._________?setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis4._________ thoughts?and?feelings,?in?a?variety?of?styles,?to?the?other?English5._________ speakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyand?that?which?he?recognises,?increases?in?size?as?he?grows?old?as?a?result?of?education?and?experience. ?6. _________But,?whether?the?language?store?is?relatively?small?or?large,?the?systemremains?no?more?than?a?psychological?reality?for?the?individual,?unless?he?has?a?means?of?expressing?it?in?terms?able?to?be?seen?by?another7._________??? member?of?his?linguistic?community;?he?has?to?give?the?system?a?concrete?transmission?form.?We?take?it?for?granted?the?two?most8.___________ common?forms?of?transmission-by?means?of?sounds?produced?by?our?vocal?organs?(speech)?or?by?visual?signs?(writing).?And?these?are 9.___________ among?most?striking?of?human?achievements.10.___________2005年改错真题The?University?as?BusinesA?number?of?colleges?and?universities?have?announced?steep?tuition?increases?for?next?year—much?steeper?than?the?current,?very?low?rate?of?inflation.?They?say?the?increases?are?needed?because?of?a?loss?in?value?of?university?endowments?heavily?investing?in?common?stock.?I?am?skeptical.?1._______A?business?firm?chooses?the?price?that?maximizes?its?net?revenues,?irrespective?fluctuations?in?income;?and?increasingly?the?outlook?of? 2._________ universities?in?the?United?States?is?indistinguishable?from?those?of? 3._________ business?firms.?The?rise?in?tuitions?may?reflect?the?fact?economic? 4._________ uncertainty increases?the?demand?for?education.?The?biggest?cost?of?being?in?the?school?is?foregoing?income?from?a?job?(this?is?primarily?a? 5._________ factor?in?graduate?and?professional-school?tuition);?the?poor?one's?job?prospects, the?more?sense?it?makes?to? 6.__________ reallocate?time?from?the?job?market?to?education,?in?order?to?make?oneself?more?marketable.??Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7._________ include?soft?majors,?student?evaluations?of?teachers,?giving?students??a?governance?role,?and?eliminate?required?courses.?Sky-high?tuitions?8.____________ have?caused?universities?to?regard?their?students?as?customers.?Just?as?business?firms?sometimes?collude?to?shorten?the?rigors?of?competition,?9.___________ universities?collude?to?minimize?the?cost?to?them?of?the?athletes?whom?they?recruit?in?order?to?stimulate?alumni?donations,?so?the?best??athletes?now?often?bypass?higher?education?in?order?to?obtain?salaries?earlier?from?professional?teams.?And?until?they?were?stopped?by?the?antitrust?authorities,??the?Ivy?League?schools?colluded?to?limit?competition?for?the?best?students,?by?agreeing?not?to?award?scholarships?on?the?basis?of?merit?rather?than?purely?of?need—just?like?business?firms?agreeing?not?to?give?discounts?on?their?best?customer.? 10?___________One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congressis the power to investigate. The power is usually delegtated tocommittees —either stading committees,special committees set for a specific purpose, 1.___________or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 2.___________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forFuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualification and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 3.___________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 4.___________and to make out detailed studies of issues. 5.____________ There are important corallaries to the investigative power.One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. 6.___________most committee hearings are open to public and are reported 7.___________widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakes 8.___________to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issuses.9.__________ Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite fro contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. 10.__________2003年改错真题Demographic?indicators?show?that?Americans?in?the?postwarperiod?were?more?eager?than?ever?to?establish?families.?They?quicklybrought?down?the?age?at?marriage?for?both?men?and?women?and?broughtthe?birth?rate?to?a?twentieth?century?height?after?more?than?a?hundred1.________ years?of?a?steady?decline,?producing?the?“baby?boom.”?These?young2.________ adults?established?a?trend?of?early?marriage?and?relatively?largefamilies?that?went?for?more?than?two?decades?and?caused?a?major3.___________but temporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe?1940s?through?the?early?1960s,?Americans?married?at?a?high?rate4.__________and atayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. ??5.__________? Less?noted?but?equally?more?significant,?the?men?and?women?who6._________???? formed?families?between?1940?and?1960?nevertheless?reduced?the7._________?? divorce?rate?after?a?postwar?peak;?their?marriages?remained?intact?toa?greater?extent?than?did?that?of?couples?who?married?in?earlier?as?well8.__________as?l ater?decades.?Since?the?United?States?maintained?its?dubious?????????? ?9.__________ distinction?of?having?the?highest?divorce?rate?in?the?world,?thetemporary?decline?in?divorce?did?not?occur?in?the?same?extent?in10.________ _Europe.?Contrary?to?fears?of?the?experts,?the?role?of?breadwinner?and homemaker?was?not?abandoned.There?are?great?impediments?to?the?general?use?of?a?standard?in?pronunciation??comparable?to?that?existing?in?spelling?(orthography).?One?is?the?fact that?pronunciation?is?learnt“naturally”?and?unconsciously,?and?orthography?is?learnt 1.____________ deliberately?and?consciously.?Large?numbers?of?us,?in?fact,?remain?throughout?our?lives?quite?unconscious?with?what? 2.____________our?speech?sounds?like?when?we?speak?out,?and?it?often? 3.____________ comes?as?a?shock?when?we?firstly?hear?a?recording?of?ourselves.? 4.____________It?is?not?a?voice?we?recognize?at?once,?whereas?our?own?handwriting?is?something?which?we?almost?always?know.?We?begin?the?“natural” 5.___________ learning?of?pronunciation?long?before?we?start?learning?to?read?or?write,?and?in?our?early?years?we?went?on?unconsciously?imitating?and? 6.___________ practicing?the?pronunciation?of?those?around?us?for?many?more?hours?per?every?day?than?we?ever?have?to?spend?learning?even?our?difficult? 7.__________ English?spelling.?This?is?“natural”?therefore,?that?our?speech-sounds? 8.__________ should?be?those?of?our?immediate?circle;?after?all,?as?we?have?seen,?speech?operates?as?a?means?of?holding?a?community?and? 9.__________ giving?a?sense?of “belonging”.?We?learn?quite?early?to?recognize?a?“stranger”, someone?who?speaks?with?an?accent?of?a?different? Community—perhaps?only?a?few?miles?far. 10.__________ 2001年改错真题During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the verylifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yieldsand the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. 1.________The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.______ War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing thewestern crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain sellingas carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat priceswere generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for 3.____________markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheatsoon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 4.____________just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,5.________ producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to 6.________become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened7.________to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___________ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveriesfrom the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended,and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 9._________1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board,with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 10.___________2000年改错真题The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously differentfrom the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less 1.___________ meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___________ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.__________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4.__________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.__________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this diff erence in meaning. 6.___________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8.___________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.__________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.1999年改错真题The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.____________ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2.____________with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers,including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.__________ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.___________ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.__________ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6.___________ diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7.___________ They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average 8.__________ American adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to 9.___________an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habitsas a model for healthier diet.1998年改错真题When a human infant is born into any community in any partof the world it has two things in common with any infant, provided 1.____________ neither of them have been damaged in any way either before 2.___________or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, new born childrenare completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to。
2010年专八真题参考答案
2010年专八真题听力参考答案Section A1 function/ purpose/intention/ aim / goal / objective2 huskiness3. Common expressions(s) / (som e) universal expression(s)/ universal signal(s) or sign(s)析（写symbol 不得分，必须同时写出2个词才能得分）4 thought / uncertainty / thinking/ deep in thinking or thought/ deep thinking / uncertain (being thinking) 得0.5分5 indifference / lack of knowledge (写indifferent 得0.5分)/ I don’t know/ I don’t care (写do not know, don’t care, not care, cont caring , not knowing 得0.5分6 honest/telling (the) truth/ truth-telling(telling the true得0.5分)，只写truth得0分7 (far/ large distance, keeping a distance (写far away 得到0.5分)8 situation/context/occasion (写place, environment, circum stance 得0.5分，只写 condition 得0分)9 m ood/happy or mot /happy or unhappy (写happiness, unhappiness, bad nood, joy, delight, happy, unhappy 得0.5分)10 unconscious imitation （必须2个词都写，只写imitation 不得分）2010年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入as; OR as 改为like2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But / However5 further 改为far / much; OR: further 删除further6 com e改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as去掉as; OR: 改为so10 the part去掉the OR: the 改为a2010年专八真题汉译英参考答案Friends tend to becom e more intimated if they have the sam e interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting; otherwise t hey will separate and end the relationship. Friends who are m ore familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harm ony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any m ore. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual am ong friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation. It m ay be a sm all matter to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.2010年专八真题英译汉参考答案我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。
专八改错_历届(2000年-2012年)真题及答案
2000 年-2011 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析2012改错The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____改错部分1. going 后加on2. cerain 改成some3. rather 后加than4. is 改为was5. in 改为at6. 去掉the7. view 后加that8. 删掉was9. statement 改为statements 10.and 改为but2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________ seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1，在grow后加up, 考固定短语2，改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3，改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4，在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。
2010英语专业八级真题与详细解析
[A] 20 million percent. [B] 2.2 million percent.
[C] 11.2 million percent. [D] Over 11.2 million percent.
Questions9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20seconds to answer the questions.
9、Which of the following is CORRECT?
[C] Diversity can be seen everywhere. [D] America is a truly diverse country.
3、According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?
SECTION A
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.
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英语专业考研MTI翻译硕士专四专八日语考研等
2010年英语专八改错部分真题及答案
2010年专八真题改错原文
So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important. Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?
2010年专八真题改错参考答案
1 be后插入as;
2 their改为its;
3 There改为It;
4 Whereas改为But
5 further 改为much
6 come改为bring;
7 similar改为different;
8 will改为would;
9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the。