示波器CSV波形数据导入Matlab进行FFT分析
matlab处理波信息
matlab处理波信息Matlab是一种强大的科学计算软件，可以用于处理波信号。
以下是一些常见的用Matlab处理波信息的方法：1. 导入和可视化波信号数据：首先，你需要将波信号数据导入到Matlab中。
可以使用`importdata`函数或`load`函数加载数据文件。
然后，使用Matlab中的绘图函数（例如`plot`）将波信号可视化。
2. 时域分析：通过对波信号进行时域分析，可以获得关于波的时间特性的信息。
在Matlab中，你可以使用`fft`函数进行快速傅里叶变换，计算波信号的频谱。
另外，还可以使用`ifft`函数进行逆傅里叶变换，将频域信号转换回时域信号。
3. 频域分析：频域分析可以提供有关波信号频率特性的信息。
在Matlab中，你可以使用`fft`函数计算频谱，并使用`abs`函数获取幅度谱。
还可以使用`angle`函数获取相位谱。
通过对频谱的分析，可以提取波信号的频率分量和相位信息。
4. 滤波处理：滤波是一种常见的波信号处理技术，用于去除噪声或提取感兴趣的频率成分。
Matlab提供了各种滤波函数，例如`filter`函数用于滤波，`fir1`函数用于设计FIR滤波器，`butter`函数用于设计巴特沃斯滤波器等。
5. 谱分析：谱分析是一种用于估计波信号频谱的方法。
在Matlab中，你可以使用`pwelch`函数或`periodogram`函数进行谱估计。
这些函数可用于计算功率谱密度（PSD）估计，并提供了不同的参数和选项，以满足不同的分析需求。
6. 波形合成：如果你希望生成具有特定频率和幅度特性的波信号，可以使用Matlab中的合成函数。
例如，`sin`函数可以生成正弦波信号，`sawtooth`函数可以生成锯齿波信号，`square`函数可以生成方波信号等。
除了上述方法，还有许多其他功能和工具可用于处理波信号。
Matlab提供了丰富的文档和示例代码，可以帮助你更深入地了解和应用这些功能。
matlab中计算波形中的谐波总含量的函数
在信号处理和电力系统领域，我们经常需要对波形中的谐波进行分析和计算。
谐波是指在周期性波形中，频率是波形基本频率的整数倍的成分。
通常情况下，我们需要计算波形中谐波总含量的大小，以评估波形的质量和稳定性。
在Matlab中，我们可以使用一些函数来计算波形中的谐波总含量。
1. 我们需要将波形数据导入Matlab中。
我们可以使用`load`函数将波形数据从文件中加载到Matlab中，或者直接将波形数据定义为一个数组或矩阵。
假设我们已经将波形数据导入到了一个名为`waveform`的数组中。
2. 接下来，我们可以使用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）来将波形转换到频域。
Matlab中提供了`fft`函数来进行快速傅里叶变换。
我们可以使用以下代码对波形进行FFT变换：```Y = fft(waveform);```其中，`Y`为FFT变换后的频域数据。
3. 接下来，我们需要计算波形的基本频率。
对于周期性波形，基本频率可以通过观察波形的周期来确定。
假设波形的基本频率为`f`。
4. 现在，我们可以计算波形中的谐波总含量。
谐波总含量可以通过计算波形频谱中除去基本频率之外的所有成分的幅值的平方和来获得。
在Matlab中，我们可以使用以下代码来进行谐波总含量的计算：```harmonic_content = sum(abs(Y(2:end)).^2);```其中，`Y(2:end)`表示去除基本频率之外的频域数据，`abs`表示取绝对值，`.^2`表示对每个元素进行平方，`sum`表示对所有元素求和。
最终得到的`harmonic_content`即为波形中的谐波总含量。
5. 我们可以对谐波总含量进行适当的归一化处理，以便进行比较和分析。
可以将谐波总含量除以波形的基本频率的幅值，以得到一个相对的谐波总含量值。
我们可以通过以上几个步骤在Matlab中计算波形中的谐波总含量。
这个过程可以帮助我们分析和评估波形的质量，对于信号处理和电力系统等领域具有重要的应用意义。
示波器CSV波形数据导入Matlab进行FFT分析
示波器CSV波形数据导入Matlab进行FFT分析1,将CSV文件拖到workspace窗口,弹出的Import Wizard窗口中,点选“Next”,新窗口中选第二项“Create vectors from each column using column names”,点“Finish”。
这时workspace出现2个向量“Volt”与“Second”。
说明:若此时选中“Volt”,右上角的绘图命令变成可选,点“plot(Volt)”则出现如图:图中横坐标600表示示波器共记录了600个点,纵坐标为示波器的屏幕显示值(未乘探头倍率),因此问题在于改变横坐标为真实时间,改变纵坐标为真实值。
结合示波器示数(可另存为图片格式备用)。
下面的步骤即就是以Volt替换mdl文件生成的变量u,以便于使用mdl中的powergui的FFT 工具进行分析。
注意示波器采样点数600应与真实时间对应,并取时间上的600个时间点。
纵坐标表示电压幅值,要显示为真实值时,则要考虑示波器探头倍率或示波器内部就是否对采样波形进行了衰减,在程序中应予以对应。
具体可将波形在示波器上保存为wfm格式,实验结束后用示波器调出波形,调速为合适波形后,保持窗口不变,分别另存为图片格式与CSV数据格式,将CSV数据导入Matlab后,plot出来的图形与上述图片格式相对照,可知就是否为真实时间与幅值。
可见,横坐标为120ms,纵坐标为10倍衰减后的值,在编程中应有相应体现。
2,打开forFFT、mdl,并运行仿真,完成后wordspace出现新的变量“u”与“tout”;Mdl文件中scope的设置已设置为保存波形名称为u,Structure with time格式,不限制最后5000个点。
由于powergui自带的FFT功能只能对该mdl文件中的scope保存的变量u进行分析,以下考虑将u中的数据替换为示波器保存的数据,注意横坐标真实时间点数0~0、1198s,(间隔0、0002s 包含两端共计600个点)与采样点数600相对应。
示波器CSV波形数据导入Matlab进行FFT分析
精心整理
示波器CSV波形数据导入Matlab进行FFT分析
1，将CSV文件拖到workspace窗口，弹出的ImportWizard窗口中，点选“Next”，新窗口中选第二项“Createvectorsfromeachcolumnusingcolumnnames”，点“Finish”。
这时workspace 出现2个向量“Volt”和“Second”。
说明：若此时选中“Volt”，右上角的绘图命令变成可选，点“plot(Volt)”则出现如图：图中横坐标600表示示波器共记录了600个点，纵坐标为示波器的屏幕显示值（未乘探头倍率），因此问题在于改变横坐标为真实时间，改变纵坐标为真实值。
结合示波器示数（可另存为图片格式备用）。
下面的步骤即是以Volt替换mdl文件生成的变量u，以便于使用mdl中的powergui的FFT工
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最后，分析出来的柱形图中，141.5为以33.3Hz为基波进行分析时的基波幅值；THD为波形总的谐波含量，即13.71%谐波含量；理论上THD越小，则原波形越接近正弦波。
MATLAB中FFT的使用方法
MATLAB中FFT的使用方法调用方法X=FFT(x)；X=FFT(x,N)；%N为FFT后的数据点数，如果实际信号的数据点数小于N的话，则需要在FFT变换时增加采样点数，或者通过采用频率细分法在原数据后面补充一定数量的0，从而满足N个数据点X=IFFT(X);X=IFFT(X,N)一、用MATLAB进行谱分析时注意：（1）函数FFT返回值的数据结构具有对称性。
例：N=8;n=0:N-1;xn=[4 3 2 6 7 8 9 0];Xk=fft(xn)Xk =39.0000-10.7782 + 6.2929i0 - 5.0000i 4.7782 -7.7071i 5.0000 4.7782 + 7.7071i 0 + 5.0000i -10.7782 -6.2929iXk与xn的维数相同，共有8个元素。
Xk的第一个数对应于直流分量，即频率值为0。
（2）做FFT分析时，幅值大小与FFT选择的点数有关，但不影响分析结果。
在IFFT时已经做了处理。
要得到真实的振幅值的大小，只要将得到的变换后结果乘以2除以N即可。
二、FFT应用举例例1：x=0.5*sin(2*pi*15*t)+2*sin(2*pi*40*t)。
采样频率fs=100Hz，分别绘制N=128、1024点幅频图。
clf;fs=100;N=128; %采样频率和数据点数n=0:N-1;t=n/fs; %时间序列x=0.5*sin(2*pi*15*t)+2*sin(2*pi*40*t); %信号y=fft(x,N); %对信号进行快速Fourier变换mag=abs(y); %求得Fourier变换后的振幅f=n*fs/N; %频率序列subplot(2,2,1),plot(f,mag); %绘出随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=128');grid on;subplot(2,2,2),plot(f(1:N/2),mag(1:N/2)); %绘出Nyquist频率之前随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=128');grid on;%对信号采样数据为1024点的处理fs=100;N=1024;n=0:N-1;t=n/fs;x=0.5*sin(2*pi*15*t)+2*sin(2*pi*40*t); %信号y=fft(x,N); %对信号进行快速Fourier变换mag=abs(y); %求取Fourier变换的振幅f=n*fs/N;subplot(2,2,3),plot(f,mag); %绘出随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=1024');grid on;subplot(2,2,4)plot(f(1:N/2),mag(1:N/2)); %绘出Nyquist频率之前随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=1024');grid on;运行结果：fs=100Hz，Nyquist频率为fs/2=50Hz。
示波器波形存储与Matlab仿真
Matlab在示波器波形存储中的使用山东奥太电气有限公司我们公司使用的安捷伦6000系列示波器，可以打印到文件或USB打印机。
使用Print Config(打印配置)菜单选择要创建的图像文件类型或设置打印机。
可以打印定标因数、用彩色或灰度级打印，并选择是否在单张纸上打印每个波形（换页）。
要节省打印机墨水，可以反转网格颜色，使用白色（而非黑色）背景。
选择打印文件格式要选择文件格式，按下Utility(实用程序)->Print Config(打印配置)->Print to(打印至)。
可以用以下文件格式中的一种创建图像文件:BMP(8位)图像屏幕图像被转换为较小、低分辨率的完整屏幕位图文件，包括状态行和软键。
BMP(24位)图像此为较大、高分辨率的完整屏幕位图文件，包括状态行和软键。
PNG(24位)图像此为较小、高分辨率的完整屏幕位图文件，包括状态行和软键。
CSV数据这将创建一个包含所显示通道和数学波形的逗号分隔变量值的文件。
此格式适用于电子表格分析。
ASCII XY数据文件将每个通道的波形存成一个单独文件，如:Print_nn_Channel1.csv,单次采集下，可获得最大存储深度。
BIN数据文件将波形存成二进制格式。
注意选择CSV,ASCII XY,BIN格式时，存储多少个样点，由Length软键设置决定，在示波器连续采集时，该设置可以是100，250，500或1000，波形被停下来后，则可以设置到更深，最深到等于最大存储深度，在串行解码功能打开时，全部存储深度中的数据回被输出到文件中。
但要注意的是，不管你设置的记录长度是多少，示波器只会将屏幕上被显示的数据输出到文件中，也就是说，在存波形之前，你必须调整水平旋钮，将你要存的波形全部显示在屏幕中。
若你只输出一部分数据到文件中，示波器会采取抽点的方式，例如，显示屏幕上有5000个点，但Length设置是1000点，则示波器会每5个点里面取一个点输出到文件中。
matlab示波器信号傅里叶变换
一、引言Matlab是一种非常流行的工具，被广泛用于处理和分析信号。
在许多应用中，我们需要对信号进行傅里叶变换来分析其频谱特性。
而Matlab中的示波器可以帮助我们对信号进行实时观测和分析。
本文将介绍在Matlab中如何使用示波器对信号进行傅里叶变换。
二、Matlab示波器简介Matlab中自带的示波器工具可以帮助我们实时观测信号的波形。
通过示波器，我们可以清晰地看到信号的振幅、频率和相位等特性。
示波器也支持对信号进行傅里叶变换来分析其频谱。
这为我们分析信号提供了非常有力的工具。
三、示波器信号傅里叶变换步骤在Matlab中，使用示波器对信号进行傅里叶变换可以分为以下几个步骤：1. 载入信号数据我们需要将待分析的信号数据加载到Matlab中。
这可以通过直接导入数据文件或者使用Matlab内置的信号生成函数来实现。
2. 打开示波器界面在Matlab的命令窗口中输入“scope”即可打开示波器界面。
在示波器界面中，我们可以选择已载入的信号数据并进行实时观测。
3. 设置傅里叶变换参数在示波器界面中，我们可以选择对当前观测的信号进行傅里叶变换。
在设置参数时，我们可以选择变换的类型（如单边频谱或双边频谱）、变换的窗函数和采样频率等。
4. 执行傅里叶变换在设置好参数后，我们可以执行傅里叶变换操作。
示波器会对当前观测的信号数据进行傅里叶变换，并实时显示频谱图像。
5. 分析频谱特性我们可以在示波器界面中对生成的频谱图像进行分析。
通过频谱图像，我们可以清晰地看到信号的频率成分和能量分布情况，从而更深入地了解信号的特性。
四、示波器信号傅里叶变换实例为了更具体地演示示波器对信号进行傅里叶变换的过程，这里我们以一个简单的正弦波信号为例进行说明。
假设我们有一个正弦波信号的采样数据，我们将通过示波器来对其进行傅里叶变换并分析频谱特性。
1. 载入信号数据我们将正弦波信号的采样数据加载到Matlab中。
2. 打开示波器界面在Matlab命令窗口中输入“scope”，即可打开示波器界面。
matlab csv 傅里叶变换 单边频谱 双边频谱
matlab csv 傅里叶变换单边频谱双边频谱本文介绍如何使用Matlab进行CSV文件的傅里叶变换，并生成单边频谱和双边频谱。
首先，导入 CSV 文件。
使用 `csvread` 函数可以将 CSV 文件导入到 Matlab 中。
例如，导入名为 `data.csv` 的 CSV 文件：```data = csvread('data.csv');```然后，对数据进行傅里叶变换。
使用 `fft` 函数可以进行傅里叶变换。
例如，对数据 `data` 进行傅里叶变换：```fft_data = fft(data);```接下来，生成单边频谱。
单边频谱是指只显示傅里叶变换结果的一半，因为另一半是对称的。
使用 `abs` 函数可以得到傅里叶变换结果的幅值，使用 `fftshift` 函数可以将傅里叶变换结果的直流分量移到频谱的中间位置。
使用 `length` 函数可以得到数据的长度。
例如，生成单边频谱：```N = length(data);single_spectrum = abs(fftshift(fft_data)) / N;single_spectrum = single_spectrum(N/2+1:end);```最后，生成双边频谱。
双边频谱是指显示傅里叶变换结果的全部，包括正频率和负频率。
使用 `abs` 函数可以得到傅里叶变换结果的幅值，使用 `fftshift` 函数可以将傅里叶变换结果的直流分量移到频谱的中间位置。
使用 `length` 函数可以得到数据的长度。
例如，生成双边频谱：```N = length(data);double_spectrum = abs(fftshift(fft_data)) / N;```以上是使用 Matlab 进行 CSV 文件的傅里叶变换，并生成单边频谱和双边频谱的简单介绍。
在实际应用中，需要根据具体情况进行适当调整和优化。
fft实验分析实验报告
fft实验分析实验报告FFT实验分析实验报告一、引言傅里叶变换（Fourier Transform）是一种重要的信号分析工具，它能够将一个信号分解成不同频率的成分。
快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform，FFT）是一种高效的计算傅里叶变换的算法。
本实验旨在通过实际操作，探究FFT在信号分析中的应用。
二、实验设备与方法1. 实验设备：本实验使用的设备包括示波器、信号发生器和计算机。
2. 实验方法：（1）将信号发生器的输出接入示波器的输入端。
（2）调节信号发生器的参数，如频率、振幅等，产生不同的信号。
（3）通过示波器观察信号的波形，并记录相关数据。
（4）将示波器与计算机通过USB接口连接，将示波器上的数据传输到计算机上。
（5）使用计算机上的软件进行FFT分析，得到信号的频谱信息。
三、实验结果与分析1. 实验一：正弦波信号的FFT分析（1）设置信号发生器的频率为1000Hz，振幅为5V，产生一段正弦波信号。
（2）通过示波器观察信号的波形，并记录相关数据。
（3）将示波器上的数据传输到计算机上，进行FFT分析。
实验结果显示，正弦波信号的频谱图呈现出单个峰值，且峰值位于1000Hz处。
这说明FFT能够准确地分析出信号的频率成分，并将其可视化展示。
2. 实验二：方波信号的FFT分析（1）设置信号发生器的频率为500Hz，振幅为5V，产生一段方波信号。
（2）通过示波器观察信号的波形，并记录相关数据。
（3）将示波器上的数据传输到计算机上，进行FFT分析。
实验结果显示，方波信号的频谱图呈现出多个峰值，且峰值位于500Hz的倍数处。
这说明方波信号由多个频率成分叠加而成，FFT能够将其分解出来，并显示出各个频率成分的强度。
3. 实验三：复杂信号的FFT分析（1）设置信号发生器的频率为100Hz和200Hz，振幅分别为3V和5V，产生一段复杂信号。
（2）通过示波器观察信号的波形，并记录相关数据。
（3）将示波器上的数据传输到计算机上，进行FFT分析。
关于使用matlab里powergui的ffttool分析的问题及解决办法
首先设置POWERLIB—》powergui，将该模块拖入模型中即可在需要进行频谱分析的地方连接一示波器示波器参数设定：Parameters—》Data history—》Save data to workspace；Format—》Structure with time.运行一次后，双击powergui—》FFT Analysis.1. 问题1及解决办法仿真完成后，采用Powergui分析FFT，有时会发生错误："simulation time of the signals is not enough long for the given fundamental frequency".很多论坛说是仿真时间短了，可能这也是原因，不过更有可能是这样：FFT的数据来自于示波器SCOPE，在SCOPE PARAMETERS/GENERAL选项卡/SAMPLING 中,有DECIMATION和SAMPLE TIME两项，DECIMATION的意思是The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample, where n is the decimation factor. The default decimation, 1, writes data at every time step.所以，如果选择DECIMATION，记录数据的时刻为第N个采样点，采样点间的时间间隔为采样步长，而在MATLAB Simulink中，如果采用变步长仿真，采样周期就是变化的，这样就很难对采样的数据进行FFT分析，或许软件只认可采样周期一定的数据，所以会出现文首的错误。
如果选择sample time，那么采样周期固定（与仿真步长无关），这样就可以进行FFT 分析了。
所以如果遇到文首的错误，可以尝试将示波器的SAMPLing改为sample time，并设定采样周期，Sampling time2 问题2及解决办法Matlab FFT tools谐波检测时报警解决办法在使用FFT tools 谐波检测时出现了以下报警，偶总结了其解决办法，以供大家参考。
用simulink对示波器波形fft分析
示波器保存为csv格式，电脑上吧非数据部分文字删除，然后在matlab上输入数据
导进去的数据有两列，第一列是时间轴，第二列是数据，把两行分别导出来，用语句t=s3(:,1)，数组t就保存了s3中第一列的时间轴数据
同理导出第二列数据到数组s中
>> s=s3(:,2);
注意时间轴是从-0.05开始的，要把时间轴整体往右移0.05，从0开始
t1就是右移后的时间轴数组
新建一个simulink文件，使用from workspace将数据t1和s输出到scope
From workspace设置如下
仿真步长设置，设置开始时间为0，结束时间为数组t1最后一个数字，步长为数组t1步长
运行，scope就能出来波形了，再用powergui里的FFT分析。
Matlab编程实现FFT变换及频谱分析的程序代码
Matlab编程实现FFT变换及频谱分析的程序代码（喜欢进行电磁兼容仿真分析的朋友可以借用）2007-10-08 sysop 点击: 436Matlab编程实现FFT变换及频谱分析的程序代码（喜欢进行电磁兼容仿真分析的朋友可以借用）Matlab编程实现FFT变换及频谱分析的程序代码（喜欢进行电磁兼容仿真分析的朋友可以借用）内容1．用Matlab产生正弦波,矩形波,以及白噪声信号，并显示各自时域波形图2．进行FFT变换，显示各自频谱图，其中采样率，频率、数据长度自选3．做出上述三种信号的均方根图谱,功率图谱,以及对数均方根图谱4．用IFFT傅立叶反变换恢复信号，并显示恢复的正弦信号时域波形图源程序%*************************************************************************%% FFT实践及频谱分析 %%*************************************************************************%%*************************************************************************%%***************1.正弦波****************%fs=100;%设定采样频率N=128;n=0:N-1;t=n/fs;f0=10;%设定正弦信号频率%生成正弦信号x=sin(2*pi*f0*t);figure(1);subplot(231);plot(t,x);%作正弦信号的时域波形xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t时域波形');grid;%进行FFT变换并做频谱图y=fft(x,N);%进行fft变换mag=abs(y);%求幅值f=(0:length(y)-1)'*fs/length(y);%进行对应的频率转换figure(1);subplot(232);plot(f,mag);%做频谱图axis([0,100,0,80]);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('幅值');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t幅频谱图N=128'); grid;%求均方根谱sq=abs(y);figure(1);subplot(233);plot(f,sq);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('均方根谱');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t均方根谱'); grid;%求功率谱power=sq.^2;figure(1);subplot(234);plot(f,power);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('功率谱');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t功率谱');grid;%求对数谱ln=log(sq);figure(1);subplot(235);plot(f,ln);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('对数谱');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t对数谱');grid;%用IFFT恢复原始信号xifft=ifft(y);magx=real(xifft);ti=[0:length(xifft)-1]/fs;figure(1);subplot(236);plot(ti,magx);xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('通过IFFT转换的正弦信号波形'); grid;%****************2.矩形波****************% fs=10;%设定采样频率t=-5:0.1:5;x=rectpuls(t,2);x=x(1:99);figure(2);subplot(231);plot(t(1:99),x);%作矩形波的时域波形xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('矩形波时域波形');grid;%进行FFT变换并做频谱图y=fft(x);%进行fft变换mag=abs(y);%求幅值f=(0:length(y)-1)'*fs/length(y);%进行对应的频率转换figure(2);subplot(232);plot(f,mag);%做频谱图xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('幅值');title('矩形波幅频谱图');grid;%求均方根谱sq=abs(y);figure(2);subplot(233);plot(f,sq);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('均方根谱');title('矩形波均方根谱');grid;%求功率谱power=sq.^2;figure(2);subplot(234);plot(f,power);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('功率谱');title('矩形波功率谱');grid;%求对数谱ln=log(sq);figure(2);subplot(235);plot(f,ln);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('对数谱');title('矩形波对数谱');grid;%用IFFT恢复原始信号xifft=ifft(y);magx=real(xifft);ti=[0:length(xifft)-1]/fs;figure(2);subplot(236);plot(ti,magx);xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('通过IFFT转换的矩形波波形');grid;%****************3.白噪声****************%fs=10;%设定采样频率t=-5:0.1:5;x=zeros(1,100);x(50)=100000;figure(3);subplot(231);plot(t(1:100),x);%作白噪声的时域波形xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('白噪声时域波形');grid;%进行FFT变换并做频谱图y=fft(x);%进行fft变换mag=abs(y);%求幅值f=(0:length(y)-1)'*fs/length(y);%进行对应的频率转换figure(3);subplot(232);plot(f,mag);%做频谱图xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('幅值');title('白噪声幅频谱图');grid;%求均方根谱sq=abs(y);figure(3);subplot(233);plot(f,sq);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('均方根谱');title('白噪声均方根谱');grid;%求功率谱power=sq.^2;figure(3);subplot(234);plot(f,power);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('功率谱');title('白噪声功率谱');grid;%求对数谱ln=log(sq);figure(3);subplot(235);plot(f,ln);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('对数谱');title('白噪声对数谱');grid;%用IFFT恢复原始信号xifft=ifft(y);magx=real(xifft);ti=[0:length(xifft)-1]/fs;figure(3);subplot(236);plot(ti,magx);xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('通过IFFT转换的白噪声波形');grid;本文责任编辑: sysop相关文章? 请教：目前可有哪些用于EMC仿真的软件 - 08-18 10:01 am - 点击: 2718 发表评论查看评论加入收藏 Email给朋友打印本文如果你想对该文章评分, 请先登陆, 如果你仍未注册,请点击注册链接注册成为本站会员. 平均得分 0, 共 0 人评分1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10。
MATLAB中FFT的使用方法（频谱分析）
MATLAB中FFT的使用方法（频谱分析）一.调用方法X=FFT(x)；X=FFT(x，N)；x=IFFT(X);x=IFFT(X,N)用MATLAB进行谱分析时注意：（1）函数FFT返回值的数据结构具有对称性。
例：N=8;n=0:N-1;xn=[4 3 2 6 7 8 9 0];Xk=fft(xn)→Xk =39.0000 -10.7782 + 6.2929i 0 - 5.0000i 4.7782 - 7.7071i 5.0000 4.7782 + 7.7071i 0 + 5.0000i -10.7782 - 6.2929iXk与xn的维数相同，共有8个元素。
Xk的第一个数对应于直流分量，即频率值为0。
（2）做FFT分析时，幅值大小与FFT选择的点数有关，但不影响分析结果。
在IFFT时已经做了处理。
要得到真实的振幅值的大小，只要将得到的变换后结果乘以2除以N即可。
二.FFT应用举例例1：x=0.5*sin(2*pi*15*t)+2*sin(2*pi*40*t)。
采样频率fs=100Hz，分别绘制N=128、1024点幅频图。
clf;fs=100;N=128; %采样频率和数据点数n=0:N-1;t=n/fs; %时间序列x=0.5*sin(2*pi*15*t)+2*sin(2*pi*40*t); %信号y=fft(x,N); %对信号进行快速Fourier变换mag=abs(y); %求得Fourier变换后的振幅f=n*fs/N; %频率序列subplot(2,2,1),plot(f,mag); %绘出随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=128');grid on;subplot(2,2,2),plot(f(1:N/2),mag(1:N/2)); %绘出Nyquist频率之前随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=128');grid on;%对信号采样数据为1024点的处理fs=100;N=1024;n=0:N-1;t=n/fs;x=0.5*sin(2*pi*15*t)+2*sin(2*pi*40*t); %信号y=fft(x,N); %对信号进行快速Fourier变换mag=abs(y); %求取Fourier变换的振幅f=n*fs/N;subplot(2,2,3),plot(f,mag); %绘出随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=1024');grid on;subplot(2,2,4)plot(f(1:N/2),mag(1:N/2)); %绘出Nyquist频率之前随频率变化的振幅xlabel('频率/Hz');ylabel('振幅');title('N=1024');grid on;运行结果：fs=100Hz，Nyquist频率为fs/2=50Hz。
CSV示波器数据导入MATLAB中进行FFT分析操作
示波器.CSV文件数据导入MATLAB中进行FFT分析操作：1.MATLAB中.mdl文件中仿真示波器设置●建立.mdl模型文件●参考实际示波器参数【采样频率50.0k、存储长度10k数据点、时间长度0.2s】●仿真示波器参数设置【仿真示波器步长和实际示波器步长保持一致】2.仿真环境参数设置●配置仿真环境参数【仿真时间长度一致、定步长模式且选择离散solver且仿真步长和实际示波器步长一致】●.mdl文件仿真并在workspace中观察仿真结果【长度为10001数据点，和示波器真实10000数据点不匹配、注意变量名U.signals.values】3.导入CSV文件数据●观察示波器CSV文件信息【10000数据点、第20行为临近数据点最近一行、第21行数据为数据点个数不匹配人为正确加入1组数据点】●导入数据【file->Import Data】10001个，和仿真示波器数据点数一致，不人为加入一组数据点则会差一个数据，后续会影响结果4.执行FFT分析代码：U.signals.values=CH1;Power_fftscope谐波电压源给定与CSV文件数据进行MATLAB的FFT分析结果进行各次谐波含量对比如下：电压谐波给定/FFT测量频率基波180V/184.9V 50 Hz3次10%/9.46% 3*50Hz5次5%/4.86% 5*50Hz7次5%/4.97% 7*50Hz9次5%/5.22% 9*50Hz11次3%/3.16% 11*50Hz13次3%/3.07% 13*50Hz5.参考说明本操作参考博客及文库资料并结合自身仿真总结如上。
博客内容如下：附对比图如下：。
Matlab编程实现FFT实践及频谱分析
Matlab编程实现FFT实践及频谱分析 by li3432007-12-17 08:381．用Matlab产生正弦波,矩形波,以及白噪声信号，并显示各自时域波形图2．进行FFT变换，显示各自频谱图，其中采样率，频率、数据长度自选3．做出上述三种信号的均方根图谱,功率图谱,以及对数均方根图谱4．用IFFT傅立叶反变换恢复信号，并显示恢复的正弦信号时域波形图源程序%******************************************************************** *****%% FFT实践及频谱分析 %%******************************************************************** *****%%******************************************************************** *****%%***************1.正弦波****************%fs=100;%设定采样频率N=128;n=0:N-1;t=n/fs;f0=10;%设定正弦信号频率%生成正弦信号x=sin(2*pi*f0*t);figure(1);subplot(231);plot(t,x);%作正弦信号的时域波形xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t时域波形');grid;%进行FFT变换并做频谱图y=fft(x,N);%进行fft变换mag=abs(y);%求幅值f=(0:length(y)-1)'*fs/length(y);%进行对应的频率转换figure(1);subplot(232);plot(f,mag);%做频谱图axis([0,100,0,80]);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('幅值');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t幅频谱图N=128');grid;%求均方根谱sq=abs(y);figure(1);subplot(233);plot(f,sq);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('均方根谱');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t均方根谱'); grid;%求功率谱power=sq.^2;figure(1);subplot(234);plot(f,power);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('功率谱');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t功率谱');grid;%求对数谱ln=log(sq);figure(1);subplot(235);plot(f,ln);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('对数谱');title('正弦信号y=2*pi*10t对数谱');grid;%用IFFT恢复原始信号xifft=ifft(y);magx=real(xifft);ti=[0:length(xifft)-1]/fs;figure(1);subplot(236);plot(ti,magx);xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('通过IFFT转换的正弦信号波形'); grid;%****************2.矩形波****************% fs=10;%设定采样频率t=-5:0.1:5;x=rectpuls(t,2);x=x(1:99);figure(2);subplot(231);plot(t(1:99),x);%作矩形波的时域波形xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('矩形波时域波形');grid;%进行FFT变换并做频谱图y=fft(x);%进行fft变换mag=abs(y);%求幅值f=(0:length(y)-1)'*fs/length(y);%进行对应的频率转换figure(2);subplot(232);plot(f,mag);%做频谱图xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('幅值');title('矩形波幅频谱图');grid;%求均方根谱sq=abs(y);figure(2);subplot(233);plot(f,sq);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('均方根谱');title('矩形波均方根谱');grid;%求功率谱power=sq.^2;figure(2);subplot(234);plot(f,power);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('功率谱');title('矩形波功率谱');grid;%求对数谱ln=log(sq);figure(2);subplot(235);plot(f,ln);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('对数谱');title('矩形波对数谱');grid;%用IFFT恢复原始信号xifft=ifft(y);magx=real(xifft);ti=[0:length(xifft)-1]/fs;figure(2);subplot(236);plot(ti,magx);xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('通过IFFT转换的矩形波波形');grid;%****************3.白噪声****************%fs=10;%设定采样频率t=-5:0.1:5;x=zeros(1,100);x(50)=100000;figure(3);subplot(231);plot(t(1:100),x);%作白噪声的时域波形xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('白噪声时域波形');grid;%进行FFT变换并做频谱图y=fft(x);%进行fft变换mag=abs(y);%求幅值f=(0:length(y)-1)'*fs/length(y);%进行对应的频率转换figure(3);subplot(232);plot(f,mag);%做频谱图xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('幅值');title('白噪声幅频谱图');grid;%求均方根谱sq=abs(y);figure(3);subplot(233);plot(f,sq);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('均方根谱');title('白噪声均方根谱');grid;%求功率谱power=sq.^2;figure(3);subplot(234);plot(f,power);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('功率谱');title('白噪声功率谱');grid;%求对数谱ln=log(sq);figure(3);subplot(235);plot(f,ln);xlabel('频率(Hz)');ylabel('对数谱');title('白噪声对数谱');grid;%用IFFT恢复原始信号xifft=ifft(y);magx=real(xifft);ti=[0:length(xifft)-1]/fs;figure(3);subplot(236);plot(ti,magx);xlabel('t');ylabel('y');title('通过IFFT转换的白噪声波形'); grid;（英文版）Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthenparty laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Y ears, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulationsrepeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the FifthPlenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs DepartmentThe first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee PoliticalBureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revisionof the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Y an to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline andto implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists ona positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," atotal of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule >real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen yearsimplement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses.Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Y an Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline,exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility shouldbe depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effectiveconvergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for actsof mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application。
matlab csv 傅里叶变换 单边频谱 双边频谱
matlab csv 傅里叶变换单边频谱双边频谱本文主要介绍如何使用matlab对csv格式的数据进行傅里叶变换，并生成单边频谱和双边频谱的图形。
首先，我们需要导入csv文件的数据。
可以使用matlab自带的csvread函数进行导入。
例如，导入名为data.csv的文件：```data = csvread('data.csv');```接下来，我们可以使用matlab的fft函数对数据进行傅里叶变换。
例如，计算data的傅里叶变换：```fft_data = fft(data);```得到的fft_data为复数形式的结果，其中实部表示信号的幅度，虚部表示信号的相位。
接着，我们可以利用fftshift函数将fft_data转换为双边频谱。
例如：```fft_shift_data = fftshift(fft_data);```得到的fft_shift_data为双边频谱，其中x轴表示频率，y轴表示信号的幅度。
如果我们只需要单边频谱，可以利用matlab的abs函数和fftshift函数计算。
例如：```fft_shift_data = fftshift(fft_data);single_side_data = abs(fft_shift_data).^2;single_side_data =single_side_data(1:length(single_side_data)/2+1);single_side_data(2:end-1) = 2*single_side_data(2:end-1);```得到的single_side_data为单边频谱，其中x轴表示频率，y 轴表示信号的幅度。
最后，我们可以使用matlab的plot函数将频谱图形绘制出来。
例如，绘制名为“单边频谱”的图形：```plot(frequency, single_side_data);title('单边频谱');xlabel('频率');ylabel('幅度');```其中，frequency为频率轴的数据。
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示波器C S V波形数据导入
M a t l a b进行F F T分析(总1
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示波器CSV波形数据导入Matlab进行FFT分析
1，将CSV文件拖到workspace窗口，弹出的Import Wizard窗口中，点选“Next”，新窗口中选第二项“Create vectors from each column using column names”，点“Finish”。
这时workspace出现2个向量“Volt”和“Second”。
说明：若此时选中“Volt”，右上角的绘图命令变成可选，点“plot(Volt)”则出现如图：
图中横坐标600表示示波器共记录了600个点，纵坐标为示波器的屏幕显示值（未乘探头倍率），因此问题在于改变横坐标为真实时间，改变纵坐标为真实值。
结合示波器示数（可另存为图片格式备用）。
下面的步骤即是以Volt替换mdl文件生成的变量u，以便于使用mdl中的powergui的FFT工具进行分析。
注意示波器采样点数600应与真实时间对应，并取时间上的600个时间点。
纵坐标表示电压幅值，要显示为真实值时，则要考虑示波器探头倍率或示波器内部是否对采样波形进行了衰减，在程序中应予以对应。
具体可将波形在示波器上保存为wfm格式，实验结束后用示波器调出波形，调速为合适波形后，保持窗口不变，分别另存为图片格式和CSV数据格式，将CSV数据导入Matlab后，plot出来的图形与上述图片格式相对照，可知是否为真实时间与幅值。
可见，横坐标为120ms，纵坐标为10倍衰减后的值，在编程中应有相应体现。
2，打开forFFT.mdl，并运行仿真，完成后wordspace出现新的变量“u”和“tout”；
Mdl文件中scope的设置已设置为保存波形名称为u，Structure with time格式，不限制最后5000个点。
由于powergui自带的FFT功能只能对该mdl文件中的scope保存的变量u 进行分析，以下考虑将u中的数据替换为示波器保存的数据，注意横坐标真实时间点数0~0.1198s，（间隔0.0002s包含两端共计600个点）与采样点数600相对应。
3，打开forFFT.m，并运行该文件，完成后出现FFT窗口如图：
4，选择要分析的波形的周期数（这里的周期数并不一定是标准意义上的同期），选择要显示的频谱展示范围，点“Display”；如果报错如图则原因是所要分析的波形周期数过大，而所需分析的波形频率设置过小，这两个值为反比关系。
如图我的波形真实值是33.3Hz，所以Fundamental frequency应设置为33.3，如果出现以上报错，则应减小Number of cycles设置值。
本次实验减小为3后，不再报错。
理论上分析的周期数越大越准确。
其中，THD值描述波形的正弦化，该值越小则表示波形越接近正弦波，即波形的谐波含量越小。
5，想要对该结果进行进一步修改调速，则可以点击View->Property Editor进行调速，如改变横纵坐标名称、显示范围等。
不需要调速则略过此步。
6，菜单栏中，点Edit->Copy Figure后，即可在word中进行粘贴。
最后，分析出来的柱形图中，141.5为以33.3Hz为基波进行分析时的基波幅值；THD为波形总的谐波含量，即13.71%谐波含量；理论上THD越小，则原波形越接近正弦波。