Literature and English literature(文学和英国文学介绍)
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Why We Read Literature?
a. Reading for pleasure Howells observed that the study of literature should begin and end in pleasure. b. Reading for relaxation Modern life is full of pressure. It is people’s common desire to seek temporally relaxation from the stress in life. c. Reading to acquire knowledge Literature gives readers an insight into the tradition, custom, beliefs, attitudes, folklore, values of the age in which it is written.
Pieces of Literature ������
• • • • • • • Theme Setting背景 Characters Perspective/Point of View Symbols Plot and structure Tone and style
������
An Outline of English Literature
IV. The 17th Century
Writers and works: John Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园 John Buyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress 天
路历程
(Metaphysical poet) John Donne: Songs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗 William Congreve: Love for love 以爱还
Literary Trends: Renaissance and Humanism
Writers and Works:
Thomas More: Utopia 乌托邦 Edmund Spenser: Faerie Queene 仙后 Francis Bacon: Essays 论说文集 Christopher Marlowe: Tamburlaine 帖木
儿大帝
Ben Johnson: Volphone 狐狸 William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
Works: 154 sonnets, 37 plays, 2 long poems Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, Merchant of Venice Tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet History Plays: Henry IV
Literature is literally a body of work about a particular subject.
Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.
B. Drama: Byron: Manfred Shelley: Prometheus Unbound
C. Novel: Jane Austen: Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma. Walter Scott: Ivanhoe
Features of the Victorian Literature: Realism
Achievements
Literary Trends:
Arthurian Legends and Tales of Chivalry and Adventure: Chaucer: The Sir Gawain and The Green Knight
Canterbury Tales
III. The Renaissance Period (1485-early 17th century)
OLD ENGLISHAchievements
Poetry Much of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted(圣歌）, with harp (a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴) accompaniment, by AngloSaxon scop (poet in Chinese means 吟游 诗人), often bold and strong, but also mournful and elegiac (sad) in sprit. Major achievement: Beowulf
爱
V. The 18th Century
Literary Traits Enlightenment and Neoclassism , the early age of Romanticism
Poetry: Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Rock 劫发记
Prose: Jonathan Swift: Guilliver’s Travels 格列佛游记 Samuel Johnson: The Preface of Shakespeare 莎士比亚戏剧集序 The Lives of Great Poets 诗人传 (A Dictionary of English Language 英语词典)
A. Novel: Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Great Expectation, A Tale of Two Cities William Thackeray: Vanity Fair, The History of Henry Esmond George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss, Silas Manner Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights Thomas Hardy: Tess of the d’Urbevilles, Jude the Obscure.
What is Literature?
Literature is – Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry – Composition that tells a story, dramatizes a situation, expresses emotions, analyzes and advocates ideas – Helps us grow personally and intellectually – Provides an objective base for knowledge and understanding – Shapes our goals and values by clarifying our own identities, both positively and negatively – Literature makes us human.
II. Middle English Period (1066-1485)
Extending from 1066 to 1485, this period is noted for the extensive influence of French literature on native English forms and themes.
What are the differences between literary language and non-literary language?
(1) Non-literary language is usually “denotative”(直指式的）, it aims at a one-to-one correspondence between sign(符号)and referent(指称对象) or between signifier(能指)and signified(所 指) . It aims to meet a practical need of communication, or provide information and findings accurately.
I. Old English, or Anglo—Saxon, Era (4501066) II. Middle English Period (1066-1485) III. The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期 (1485-early 17th century) IV. The 17th Century V. The 18th Century VI. The Romantic Age(1789-1837) VII. Victorian Age (1837-1901)维多利亚时代 VIII. 20th Century Literature
Four Genres of Literature
– Fiction小说 Myths, parables, romances, novels, short stories – Poetry Open form and closed form Relies on imagery, figurative language, sound – Drama戏剧 Made up of dialogue and set direction Designed to be performed – Prose散文 News reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works
(2) While literary language is highly “connotative”(内涵的）. It is far from merely referential. It is expressive, conveying writer’s feelings, attitudes and tone between the lines; it is ambiguous(多歧义的）, the interpretation varies with context and reader.
The Rise of the Realistic Novel Denial Defoe: The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 Samuel Richardson: Pamela 帕米拉 Henry Fielding: Tom Jones 汤姆· 琼斯
VI. The Romantic Age (1789-1837)
A: Poetry: William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集 Byron: Dan Juan 唐璜 Shelley: Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂
Why We Read Literature?
a. Reading for pleasure Howells observed that the study of literature should begin and end in pleasure. b. Reading for relaxation Modern life is full of pressure. It is people’s common desire to seek temporally relaxation from the stress in life. c. Reading to acquire knowledge Literature gives readers an insight into the tradition, custom, beliefs, attitudes, folklore, values of the age in which it is written.
Pieces of Literature ������
• • • • • • • Theme Setting背景 Characters Perspective/Point of View Symbols Plot and structure Tone and style
������
An Outline of English Literature
IV. The 17th Century
Writers and works: John Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园 John Buyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress 天
路历程
(Metaphysical poet) John Donne: Songs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗 William Congreve: Love for love 以爱还
Literary Trends: Renaissance and Humanism
Writers and Works:
Thomas More: Utopia 乌托邦 Edmund Spenser: Faerie Queene 仙后 Francis Bacon: Essays 论说文集 Christopher Marlowe: Tamburlaine 帖木
儿大帝
Ben Johnson: Volphone 狐狸 William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
Works: 154 sonnets, 37 plays, 2 long poems Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, Merchant of Venice Tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet History Plays: Henry IV
Literature is literally a body of work about a particular subject.
Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.
B. Drama: Byron: Manfred Shelley: Prometheus Unbound
C. Novel: Jane Austen: Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma. Walter Scott: Ivanhoe
Features of the Victorian Literature: Realism
Achievements
Literary Trends:
Arthurian Legends and Tales of Chivalry and Adventure: Chaucer: The Sir Gawain and The Green Knight
Canterbury Tales
III. The Renaissance Period (1485-early 17th century)
OLD ENGLISHAchievements
Poetry Much of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted(圣歌）, with harp (a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴) accompaniment, by AngloSaxon scop (poet in Chinese means 吟游 诗人), often bold and strong, but also mournful and elegiac (sad) in sprit. Major achievement: Beowulf
爱
V. The 18th Century
Literary Traits Enlightenment and Neoclassism , the early age of Romanticism
Poetry: Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Rock 劫发记
Prose: Jonathan Swift: Guilliver’s Travels 格列佛游记 Samuel Johnson: The Preface of Shakespeare 莎士比亚戏剧集序 The Lives of Great Poets 诗人传 (A Dictionary of English Language 英语词典)
A. Novel: Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Great Expectation, A Tale of Two Cities William Thackeray: Vanity Fair, The History of Henry Esmond George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss, Silas Manner Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights Thomas Hardy: Tess of the d’Urbevilles, Jude the Obscure.
What is Literature?
Literature is – Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry – Composition that tells a story, dramatizes a situation, expresses emotions, analyzes and advocates ideas – Helps us grow personally and intellectually – Provides an objective base for knowledge and understanding – Shapes our goals and values by clarifying our own identities, both positively and negatively – Literature makes us human.
II. Middle English Period (1066-1485)
Extending from 1066 to 1485, this period is noted for the extensive influence of French literature on native English forms and themes.
What are the differences between literary language and non-literary language?
(1) Non-literary language is usually “denotative”(直指式的）, it aims at a one-to-one correspondence between sign(符号)and referent(指称对象) or between signifier(能指)and signified(所 指) . It aims to meet a practical need of communication, or provide information and findings accurately.
I. Old English, or Anglo—Saxon, Era (4501066) II. Middle English Period (1066-1485) III. The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期 (1485-early 17th century) IV. The 17th Century V. The 18th Century VI. The Romantic Age(1789-1837) VII. Victorian Age (1837-1901)维多利亚时代 VIII. 20th Century Literature
Four Genres of Literature
– Fiction小说 Myths, parables, romances, novels, short stories – Poetry Open form and closed form Relies on imagery, figurative language, sound – Drama戏剧 Made up of dialogue and set direction Designed to be performed – Prose散文 News reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works
(2) While literary language is highly “connotative”(内涵的）. It is far from merely referential. It is expressive, conveying writer’s feelings, attitudes and tone between the lines; it is ambiguous(多歧义的）, the interpretation varies with context and reader.
The Rise of the Realistic Novel Denial Defoe: The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 Samuel Richardson: Pamela 帕米拉 Henry Fielding: Tom Jones 汤姆· 琼斯
VI. The Romantic Age (1789-1837)
A: Poetry: William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集 Byron: Dan Juan 唐璜 Shelley: Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂