选词填空(15选10)
大学英语四级15选10练习及详解
选词填空练习及讲解1.Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of foods that are considered more healthful than the types of foods widely sold in supermarkets.For example,whole grains,fried beans,and corn oil are health foods.A narrower (1) of health food is natural food.This term is used to (2) between types of the same food.Raw honey is a natural sweetener,(3) refined suger is not.Fresh fruit is a natural food,but canned fruit,with sugars and other additives,is not.The most (4) term of all and the narrowest classification within health foods is organic food,used to (5) food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm.Fruit and vegetables that are grown in gardens,that are (6) only with organic fertilizers,that are not sprayed with (7) insecticides,and that are not refined after harvest,are organic foods.Meat,fish,dairy and poultry products from animals that are (8) only organically grown feed and that are not injected with hormones(荷尔蒙) are organic foods.In choosing the type of food you eat,then,you have basically two choices: inorganic,processed foods,or organic,unprocess foods.A wise decision should (9) investigation of the allegations(宣称) that processed foods contain (10),some of which are proven to be towic,and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed foods.A.describe E.chemicals I.classification M.samplesB.whereas F.precise J.when N.poisonousC.Vital G.shape K.fed O.dealtD.treated H.include L.distinguish2.EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃.The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. 沪江四六级EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. 沪江四六级[F] phenomenon[B] strength[E] tropical[L] bringing[K] starvation[J] destructive[N] worth[A] estimate[O] strike[I] completely[C] deliberately[D] notify[G] stable 沪江四六级[H] attraction[M] exhaustion 沪江四六47【解析】选[F]。
选词填空(15选10)
选词填空特点：1. 近义词辨析不多，2. 固定搭配不多3. 词性辨析比较容易选词填空难点：1. 词性可能会变。
2. 错一题，可能会错两题。
选词填空与完型填空的异同：相同点：都要上下文做题不同点：选词填空要先判断词性，而完型填空不用判断词性，4个待选项词性基本一致。
解题步骤1）阅读选项，词性分类仍然要“先题后文在定位”，但这里“先题”不是要找关键词，而是要先对15个选项“辨性”仔细阅读选项，根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。
如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。
动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。
因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。
2）细读首句，抓住中心首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。
和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让读者知道本文的相关主题词或主题。
3）瞻前顾后，谨慎选择根据文章前后的语法关系判断应填入的词性，大大缩小选择范围。
当一个空可以填入好几个相同词性的词时，则根据上下文逻辑意义；如果均能说得通时，要注意近义辨析。
或留到最后，等范围缩小到最小时再轻松收尾。
即传统阅读所说的，首遍不行无所谓，文章看完再收尾。
解题技巧1）首先要辨性（辨别词性）a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）b. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性比如：must，most均可做名词do the most you canc. 动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。
因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。
甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。
2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。
3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：①动词：a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。
b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
选词填空(15选10)(共10小题,10分)interest
选词填空(15选10)(共10小题,10分)interest选词填空。
（用所给词的正确形式填空，有两项多余）（10分）happy, interest, problem, never, get away, eye, run , tire, have, miss ,catch, thinkA man was sitting in the doctor’s office. He was telling the doctor about his 【小题1】________ .“I like football, Doctor.” He said, “ Please help me. My life has【小题2】________ been a good one since I became 【小题3】________ in football and it is getting worse and worse. I can’t even【小题4】________ from it in my sleep. When I close my 【小题5】________, I’m out there in the football field and 【小题6】________ after a flying ball. When I wake up, I’m more【小题7】________than I was before I went to bed. What am I going to do? ”The doctor sat back and said,“ First of all, you 【小题8】______to do your best not to dream(做梦) about football. Before you fall asleep, try to【小题9】________about something else. Try to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars.” “ Are you crazy (疯了) ?” the man shouted, “ I’ll 【小题10】 ________ the ball !”【小题1】problem【小题2】never【小题3】interested【小题4】get away【小题5】eyes【小题6】running【小题7】tired【小题8】have【小题9】think【小题10】miss解析【小题1】本句的含义为他告诉医生关于他的问题，故本句空格处填问题的单词problem。
U校园-综合英语1选词填空练习附答案
选词填空（15选10）Botany, the study of plants, has a highly valued position in the history of human knowledge. From what we have 1) observed of preindustrial (工业化以前的) societies, a detailed study of plants must have been pretty ancient. Plants are the 2) basis of food for all living things, even for some other plants. They have always been 3) enormously important to human beings, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, medicines, shelter, and many other 4) purposes. People who lived in the jungle of the Amazon can recognize a wide 5) range of plants and know their properties. To them, botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.However, 6) unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. Now not many people have a reasonable 7) amount of botanical knowledge. About10,000 years ago, when our ancestors 8) discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds could be planted the next season, the 9) bond between plants and humans was formed. As a result crops were 10) cultivated. From then on, humans live on the production of plants.A) uncovered B) discovered C) cultivated D) exploredE) observed F) range G) chain H) bondI) amount J) number K) resources L) basisM) purposes N) enormously O) unfortunately参考答案：1) observed 2) basis 3) enormously 4) purposes 5) range 6) unfortunately 7) amount 8) discovered 9) bond 10) cultivatedSome people argue loudly that putting the bright and the not-so-bright children in the same class can have a bad effect on their development. According to them, it canalso be quite 1) discouraging for those at the bottom of the class, but we think 2) otherwise.We believe it is definitely unfair to 3) classify our children just according to their 4) intellectual abilities. There are quite a lot of 5) disadvantages in doing so. Besides, it is against our educational purposes to develop the abilities of all our children to the full.However, in a mixed-ability class, there are various ways to help all children develop. Children often work in groups, which gives them the 6) opportunity to learn to share, to work together, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to make 7) decisions, to solve personal relationship problems as well as how to think and to communicate 8) effectively. Our children learn to do their best and we can give them extra encouragement to 9) attain the goal. Therefore, both their personal experiences and social skills are 10) enriched since they can learn from the teacher as well as from each other in a mixed-ability class.A) injuries B) disadvantages C) opportunity D) decisionsE) projects F) enriched G) classify H) intellectualI) acquire J) attain K) discouraging L) frighteningM) opposite N) otherwise O) effectively参考答案：1) discouraging 2) otherwise 3) classify 4) intellectual 5) disadvantages 6) opportunity 7) decisions 8) effectively 9) attain 10) enrichedMelting sea ice and the earlier-than-normal movement of walruses (海象) have made scientists worried. Researchers 1) anticipate that this year might bring another mass migration of animals to shore.Walruses 2) live on shellfish (贝类动物) and other animals they find by diving to the seafloor. Normally, the walruses, 3) particularly females with baby walruses, reston the floating sea ice during the summer. However, because of the global warming sea ice melts away and 4) vanishes over the relatively shallower waters where the walruses can feed. The 5) remaining ice stays only over water that is so deep that the walruses cannot dive down to the bottom for food. When this happens, the animals 6) stream back onto the land near shallower water.In recent years, researchers have found unusual 7) surges of mass migration have happened at an 8) incredible level, with walruses gathering in a(n) 9) immense number of more than 40,000. This can 10) strain the local ecosystem (生态系统) as the animals feed in a limited space, and many, generally the little walruses, get killed because it is too crowded. A recent study proved that the loss of sea ice was forcing more animals to swim longer distance, bringing danger to the life of their little ones.A) flow B) anticipate C) liveD) vanishesE) rushes F) immense G) incredible H) particularlyI) stream J) await K) strain L) finishesM) surges N) remaining O) believable参考答案：1) anticipate 2) live 3) particularly 4) vanishes 5) remaining 6) stream 7) surges 8) incredible 9) immense 10) strainIf you feel a shortage of energy, join our Health Club. Fatigue is common for people to 1) complain of to their doctors. In such cases, you should take a look at the causes for your tiredness and learn how you can get rid of it.Firstly, if you have to work hard 24 hours a day, seven days a week with high 2) efficiency, you will feel tired and bored. The 24/7 push to be productive can wear you out both physically and 3) emotionally. Your brain needs a break. You can have mini-breaks that will cheer you up and make your routine a little less routine.Secondly, if you sit staring at a screen for long periods of time you tend to blink(眨眼) less frequently and 4) strain your eyes. Your eyes need a break. Stand up once in a while to 5) stretch your legs and arms. Frequent breaks with long 6) strides to your nearby parks will keep your body active and reduce eyestrain.Finally, gaining as little as five pounds of weight can cause 7) fatigue. Extra weight also puts extra burden on your heart, which makes you tired. You can 8) dump the habit of eating junk food and 9) reverse yourself to the basics of healthy eating. Try to eat smaller 10) portions of food. With each pound of weight you lose, you’ll feel a rise in energy.A) reverse B) strip C) strain D) emptyE) portions F) fatigue G) rides H) emotionallyI) reserve J) stretch K) dump L) complainM) collections N) efficiency O) strides参考答案：1) complain 2) efficiency 3) emotionally 4) strain 5) stretch 6) strides 7) fatigue 8) dump 9) reverse 10) portionsScience is a complex social activity. Scientific activity is one of the main features of the modern world and, perhaps more than any other, makes our times 1) distinct from earlier centuries. Scientific research 2) involves different people doing different kinds of work. Men and women of all national backgrounds 3) participate in science and its applications. These people may focus on their efforts on 4) commitment to scientific knowledge either for theoretical development or for a particular practical purpose.As a social activity, science 5) reflects social values and viewpoints. For example, before the 20th century, women and people of color were not allowed in most of science by limiting their education and employment 6) opportunities. The 7)remarkable few who overcame (克服) those difficulties were unlikely to receive 8) due respect in the field of science.Meanwhile, the direction of scientific research is affected by influences within the culture of science itself, such as the opinion on what questions are most interesting or what methods are most likely to 9) yield good results. Scientists present their findings and theories at meetings or in scientific magazines. This 10) enables scientists to inform others about their work, to expose their ideas to criticism by other scientists, and to keep updated with scientific developments around the world.A) participate B) return C) enables D) involvesE) due F) applicable G) opportunities H) commitmentI) yield J) reflects K) enrich L) evolveM) remarkable N) distinct O) assignment参考答案：1) distinct 2) involves 3) participate 4) commitment 5) reflects 6) opportunities 7) remarkable 8) due 9) yield 10) enablesNormally we instinctively enter a state of disagreement whenever we come across undesirable things, and the unpleasant feeling of disagreement is often 1) overwhelming. This is our reaction (反应). Why not try non-reaction to 2) shield us from it? For instance, next time you feel too hot, instead of fanning yourself or turning on the air-conditioner, see if you can just sit and arouse the feeling of being warm in a positive way for a few minutes. With a bit of practice, you can put up with or even 3) ignore almost anything disagreeable to you that you might run into physically. Once you’re used to the non-reaction method with physical feelings, then you can 4) apply the same technique to less concrete things: emotions or situations. Instead of bringing any reaction against them, you can take and accept it with 5) grace and cool-headedness. Then, you will be free from the 6) awful emotional strain ofneeding to escape. When we have learned to 7) embrace undesirable feelings as if we had chosen them, the 8) negative circumstances will lose their effect over us. So remember, life becomes much more 9) agreeable when you stop disagreeing with it. Keep doing this and you’ll recognize the incredible 10) potential in non-reaction and feel comfortable with it.A) apply B) embrace C) cover D) accessibleE) overwhelming F) negative G) capacity H) potentialI) adopt J) shield K) ignore L) agreeableM) opposing N) awful O) grace参考答案：1) overwhelming 2) shield 3) ignore 4) apply 5) grace 6) awful 7) embrace 8) negative 9) agreeable 10) potentialA variety of conditions can affect the success or failure of negotiations (谈判). The following conditions make success in negotiations more likely.First, both parties must be willing to participate. If one party is unwilling for the negotiation, the 1) potential for reaching any agreement will certainly 2) decrease.Second, people must get ready to discuss. When there is not enough information 3) available, or a negotiation strategy unprepared, people may be 4) reluctant to begin the discussion.Third, both parties must have enough interests in common to 5) commit themselves to a shared decision-making discussion. For people to settle disagreement, they must have some means to 6) influence the attitudes and behavior from the other party. To 7) effect a change, they may provide needed information and seek the advice of experts for help.Finally, participants must have the 8) authority to make a decision. If not, negotiations will be limited to an information exchange between the parties. 9)Furthermore, both parties must have a willingness to 10) compromise. In other words, sometimes, to reach a satisfactory conclusion, it is necessary for the parties prepared to have less than 100 percent of needs or interests satisfied.A) effect B) affect C) commit D) decreaseE) decline F) influence G) compromiseH) concedeI) available J) applicable K) reluctant L) furthermoreM) necessity N) authority O) potential参考答案：1) potential 2) decrease 3) available 4) reluctant 5) commit 6) influence 7) effect 8) authority 9) Furthermore 10) compromiseStress sets off an alarm in the brain and the nervous system is aroused to sharpen the senses, quicken the pulse, deepen breathing and tense the muscles.Infrequent periods of stress pose little risk. But when stressful situations continue without being 1) resolved, the body is kept in a constantly active state, which increases the harm to biological systems. Finally, the body becomes 2) exhausted and its ability to repair and defend itself can be seriously 3) compromised. As the body’s self-defense power 4) erodes away, the risk of injury or disease increases.In the past 20 years, many studies have 5) indicated the relationship between job stress and a variety of illnesses. Mood and sleep 6) disturbances, upset stomach, and headache are examples of stress-related problems that are quick to develop and are commonly seen in these studies. These early 7) indications of job stress are usually easy to recognize. But the effects of job stress on chronic (慢性的) diseases are more difficult to 8) identify because chronic diseases take a long time to develop and can be influenced by many factors other than stress. Nevertheless, 9) evidence is rapidly increasing to suggest that stress plays a(n) 10) significant role in several types ofchronic health problems –especially cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, and psychological disorders.A) indications B) expressions C) disturbancesD) evidenceE) conflicted F) compromised G) resolved H) ensuredI) indicated J) erodes K) identify L) justifyM) involved N) exhausted O) significant参考答案：1) resolved 2) exhausted 3) compromised 4) erodes 5) indicated 6) disturbances 7) indications 8) identify 9) evidence 10) significantComputer use by college students is strongly encouraged, and is required in some courses. Some courses are now Internet-dependent; that is, the Internet has become a(n) 1) indispensable part of the course, from syllabuses (教学大纲) to homework. So, the use of the Internet on college campuses is 2) growing rapidly. There are so many 3) positive aspects of using this technology, for example, helping students feel more comfortable with their reading and learning.Although the Internet is an excellent tool for 4) gathering information and communicating with people, it has 5) disadvantages and puts those who make it the center of their lives at 6) risk. This can be bad for those who are unable to 7) balance their activities on the Internet with other parts of their lives. College students are particularly easy to be influenced in a(n) 8) negative way by the Internet. Students have their own psychological and developmental features (特点) and they have special expectations of the Internet, which may account for their 9) addiction to the Internet. It only takes a few clicks to move away from their 10) assignments to computer games or chatting with friends.Research in this area has just started, but more is needed to understand this problem fully and to find the most effective treatments.A) protective B) positive C) disadvantages D) arrangementsE) addiction F) risk G) advancing H) gatheringI) negative J) effective K) indispensable L) assignmentsM) addition N) balance O) growing参考答案：1) indispensable 2) growing 3) positive 4) gathering 5) disadvantages 6) risk 7) balance 8) negative 9) addiction 10) assignmentsThe Internet has changed the way of doing things. It has a stronger 1) impact than other electronic media on people and is the modern engine of progress; it presents a fresh 2) approach to online education.Personal computers and the Internet are rapidly 3) transforming the world into the Information Age. Already, the Internet is making large amounts of information 4) available to people at rapid speed. Teachers and students at college will have virtually immediate 5) access to vast amounts of educational information and a wide range of learning tools.The new technology provides students with skills that are 6) essential to success in modern society. Computer technologies in school will 7) enable students to become familiar with the necessary tools at an early age. By using the technology well, they will also 8) acquire better learning skills and become informed citizens and active community members.The Internet is a(n) 9) amazing information resource and a powerful communication tool. It will take the 10) focus of education from the university to the student. The Internet has come to befriend, live with and beyond both the teacher and the student.A) potential B) access C) focus D) impressionE) qualify F) enable G) accountable H) transformingI) essential J) target K) approach L) impactM) acquire N) available O) amazing参考答案：1) impact 2) approach 3) transforming 4) available 5) access 6) essential 7) enable 8) acquire 9) amazing 10) focusLiving in a family is never easy. Choosing between self-interest and caring for the family life is one of the most 1) fundamental problems facing all of us. To 2) overcome the problems, modern societies in general and American society in 3) particular, have tried to give women and men different moral responsibilities.Since the rise of industrialization (工业化), women have been expected to 4) seek personal development in addition to caring for the family. In the 21st Century, changes in family life have 5) weakened the traditional family responsibilities between men and women, but the changes are still ongoing.Women and men today are still facing problems over how to 6) balance between “independent self” and obligation to the family. Women as wives or mothers must now obtain economic independence even though they continue to 7) bear the responsibility for the family. Men as husbands or fathers are no longer the only ones to support the family as before, but they face new 8) pressures to become more involved fathers and partners. The young women and men have to 9) adapt to this changing social environment. Nevertheless, they also have a brilliant chance to develop new 10) strategies to reshape family life.A) adopt B) adapt C) bear D) seekE) weigh F) balance G) overcome H) overwhelmI) weakened J) strategies K) systems L) pressuresM) fundamental N) introductoryO) particular参考答案：1) fundamental 2) overcome 3) particular 4) seek 5) weakened 6) balance 7) bear 8) pressures 9) adapt 10) strategiesWhat is altruism (利他主义，无私行为)? Altruism is 1) defined as “putting the needs of all others ahead of oneself.”Basically, it means being 2) extremely generous. The term was created in the 19th Century by sociologist Auguste Comte, who believed that individuals had a moral 3) obligation to serve the interest of others. The term now has become an important topic in the field of psychology and it 4) emphasizes being unselfish (无私的).Altruism is also the idea of caring about the 5) welfare of others. It is a virtue in many cultures although the 6) concept of “others” toward whom such care should be given can be different from culture to culture. For humans, altruism is the desire to provide something of 7) value to a person who could be anyone but the self. But something that 8) benefits other people is not necessarily altruistic. For example, if one helps out another person with the intention to 9) improve one’s own reputation (声望), this action would not be 10) regarded as altruistic, but rather as an expression of self-interest. In short, altruism means helping others without any personal reasons or purposes.A) concept B) image C) value D) obligationE) challenge F) welfare G) extremely H) infrequentlyI) defined J) described K) regarded L) emphasizesM) comforts N) benefits O) improve参考答案：1) defined 2) extremely 3) obligation 4) emphasizes 5) welfare 6) concept 7) value 8) benefits 9) improve 10) regardedIn some society it is the custom for parents to arrange marriages for their children. The parents of a young man will 1) inquire about their son’s girlfriend. They will even meet with the parents of the girl, and if both families are pleased with each other, a marriage 2) agreement will be made. It doesn’t 3) exaggerate to say that sometimes the two young people meet for the first time at their wedding.Most Americans don’t 4) applaud the idea of arranged marriages. However, American parents also put some 5) pressure on their children to influence their choices of marriage. Since parents often help their children 6) financially, they feel that they have the right to help the young couple to select where they will live, or what kind of furniture they will 7) purchase .In many cases in the US, social class will 8) determine the choice of marriage partner. Marriages are usually arranged between people of 9) similar religious, educational and financial backgrounds. Despite what we see in the movies, in real life, the son of a bank president 10) rarely marries or even meets a coal miner’s (矿工) daughter. Americans may not understand arranged marriages, but marriages in the United States are arranged to some degree.A) usually B) financially C) commitment D) similarE) purchase F) chase G) frustrate H) inquireI) rarely J) pressure K) agreement L) sameM) applaud N) exaggerate O) determine参考答案：1) inquire 2) agreement 3) exaggerate 4) applaud 5) pressure 6) financially 7) purchase 8) determine 9) similar 10) rarelyFor many centuries there was no safety system against poverty and illness. The Industrial Age saw 1) extensive poverty amongst a rapidly expanding urban population.In 1941, William Beveridge, one of Britain’s 2) leading economists and social reformers, was asked to look at the problems of building a post-war Britain. His report, known as the “Beveridge Report”, was published in 1942, and it was based on two simple 3) elements : universality (普遍性) and comprehensiveness. In other words, the plan would be applied to everybody because Beveridge wanted to 4) ensure that people had the basic rights in life.The report covered the problems that were 5) threatening the society, for example, education and disease. Churchill’s government took the opportunity to deal with education first to reduce the number of 6) ignorant people. The 1944 Education Act (法案) 7) raised the school-leaving age to 16 years old, and also helped make university 8) entrance easier to new students.The second act, the 1948 National Assistance Act, 9) introduced a national health service free to all. Finally, the 1948 Children Act looked not only to child protection but development of each child’s 10) character and abilities.As the proposals in the “Beveridge Report” were carried out by the government, the basis of the modern welfare state was being built.A) threatening B) ignorant C) excessive D) ensureE) revealed F) introduced G) elements H) entranceI) leading J) innocent K) extensive L) insureM) raised N) character O) sections参考答案：1) extensive 2) leading 3) elements 4) ensure 5) threatening 6) ignorant 7) raised 8) entrance 9) introduced 10) characterWhat is meditation(冥想)? Meditation can be traced to the time when the Buddha (佛), monks (僧侣) 1) retreated into forests and mountains to think quietly about the truth of the Buddha’s Teaching. Meditation seems not only to help monks in 2) worshiping the Buddha, but can also benefit ordinary people.Meditation is a skill – a skill of conscious, continuous attention. You already have part of this skill – what keeps you stressed is your ability to pay 3) sustained attention to whatever is troubling you. Regular meditation practice can 4) relieve everyday stresses. You begin by learning to pay 5) deliberate attention to something pleasant and relaxing, and interrupt and 6) restrain stress-producing thoughts. This will turn around the effects of stress. Eventually, meditation can improve your health, 7) enhance your creativity, and even slow down the aging 8) process.Many people who meditate regularly feel that its benefits go well beyond the 9) relief of stress. They feel that meditation has enabled them to connect with a(n) 10) inner source of wisdom and meaning. This connection has greatly enriched their lives.A) relieve B) process C) strain D) sustainedE) retreated F) moderate G) enrich H) enhanceI) relief J) access K) restrain L) reversedM) deliberate N) inner O) worshiping参考答案：1) retreated 2) worshiping 3) sustained 4) relieve 5) deliberate 6) restrain 7) enhance 8) process 9) relief 10) innerThere was a time when real men couldn’t show much interest in how a home looked inside except the garage or basement workshop. Interior (内部的) design was once supposed to be the 1) exclusive task for wives. However, if you visit decoration showrooms today, you will find that it is 2) evident that something has changed.Men’s interest began to shift indoors when modern technology became 3) prevailing in media rooms with all that computer stuff. Hot tubs also 4) stimulated men’s imaginations, and got them into the bathroom. New kitchen 5) devices were as difficult to handle as cars, and guys began to find them fascinating, too. As for the bedroom, that 6) tended to be the last preserve (专利) of the wife. However, 7)elaborate beds that promised a better night’s sleep soon became a popular topic across the country, and 8) inevitably attracted a great deal of attention from men.The roles of men and women have changed and there’s a less 9) rigid division between who’s on top at work and who rules the home, so that, today, the home is often a gender-equal space. Both men and women work, both 10) devote their attention and enthusiasm to home interior and both see home as a peaceful place.A) elaborate B) rigid C) confined D) prevailingE) evident F) tended G) scarcely H) processesI) deliberate J) exclusive K) stimulated L) confidentM) devote N) inevitably O) devices参考答案：1) exclusive 2) evident 3) prevailing 4) stimulated 5) devices 6) tended 7) elaborate 8) inevitably 9) rigid 10) devote。
高中英语必修一二选词填空(15选10)
attitude; instead of; fluent; shortcoming; schedule; power; pace; recognize; organize; expressions; persuaded; identity; bend; on purpose; altitude;1. She insisted that she _______ the trip properly.2. I stayed awake _______ until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.3. When people use words and ______ different from the “the standard language”, it is called a dialect.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their ________.5. The latter gave a separate ______ to American English spelling.6. Although Americans move a lot, they still ______ and understand each other’s dialects.7. The Mekong makes wide _______ or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.8. Now she is planning our ______ for the trip.9. When I told her that our journey would begin at an _______ of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it.10. India has a very large number of ______ English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.as usual; beneath; trap; view; injured; flames; at an end; dams; shelters; extreme; events; in ruins; mankind; guidance; quality1. The suffering of the people was _________.2. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the ________.3. He offered _____ to poor black people on their legal problems.4. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was____________.5. Workers built ______ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6. As I lay _______ the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.7. The one million people of the city, who thought little of these _______, were asleep as usual that night.8. That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for _______.9. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay ________.10. There was almost no wind ---only the _______ of our fire for company.voyage; in trouble; settle; stage; equal; violence; terror; cruelty; escape; express; position; loose; suffer from; pack up; reliable11. When this was not allowed, only then did we decide to answer _____ with violence.12. When you walk your dog on the street, make sure that it doesn’t get ________.13. We were put into a _______in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.14. She ___________ loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.15. Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when was __________.16. It was a prison from which no one _______.17. I remembered the beatings and the _______ of the guards and my friends who had died.18. I’d like to _______ my thanks to those who have helped me through my difficulties.19. Today we have reached a ______ where we have almost no rights at all.20. I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people ________.fancy; deserve; reception; amazing; bargain; doubt; decorated; glory; trial; painting; think highly of; exploded; entrance; motto; regular;1. It was also a treasure _______ with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.2. In a _______, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.3. About four meters long, the room served as a small ________ hall for important visitors.4. I __________ those who are searching for the Amber Room.5. There are two main sets of Games and both are held every four years on a __________ basis.6. Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a _______ with him.7. Atlanta was not allowed to run and win ______ for herself in the Olympic Games.8. The _______ of the Olympics is “Swifter, Higher and Stronger”.9. Do you think Hippomenes _______ to win the race?10. The design of the room was in the ______ style popular in those days.magical; one after another; replace; stand for; taking apart; doubt; evidence; gymnastic; selected; admitted; less than; at war; former; responsibility; in return1. What do the five rings on the Olympic flag _____________?2. Hosting the Olympic Games is a great __________ but also a great honour to be chosen.3. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be ________ as competitors.4. The olive wreath has been _________ by medals.5. The old man saw some Germans __________ the Amber Room and removing it.6. He threw the golden apples ______________.7. The eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called __________.8. By studying old photos of the _______ Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.9. The amber which was _______ had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.10. This was a time when the two countries were __________.personally;familiar; technology; mercy; species;logically; succeeded; appreciated; virus; affect; signal; arises; type; electronic; endanger;1. I could “think” _______ and produce an answer quicker than any person.2. He went to university and studied IT (information _________).3. An unknown _______ has just attacked my computer.4. I have learned to _____ to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.5. She prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation _______.6. They had developed a new ______ of program just before the competition.7. With the help of the ____________ brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about.8. Farmers hunt elephants without _________.9. This must be a special ______ of zebra that I’ve never seen before.10. She ______ the danger, so she sounded her horn loudly until the lion turned and walked away.attack; simplify; explode; download; watch over;broke up; in a way;reserve; studio; relief; inspect; explore; attach; studio; artificial;1. I have to ______ my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often.2. ___________ our programmer is like our coach.3. When scientists _______ the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like others but also climb trees.5. He has developed a special interest in _______ intelligence.1. I could ________ difficult sums.1. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to _______ the Moon and Mars.7. One day Wendy drove her car into the local game _____ as usual to hunt for some animals to photograph.8. She waited for several minutes to make sure the lion was not coming back, and then she gave a smile of ______.9. Ben used to ______ information from the Internet and made good use of it.10. To be honest, a lot of people ______ great importance to becoming rich and famous.一、请用下面方框中所给的短语的正确形式填空。
选词填空(15选10)
One principle of taxation, called the benefits principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services. This principle tries to make public goods similar to (36) goods. It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in (37) for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes. And (38) a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit. The gasoline tax. for instance, is sometimes (39) using the benefits principle. In some states, (40) from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads. Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a (41) way to pay for this government service. The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones, (42) because the wealthy benefit more from public services. Consider, for example. the benefits of police protection from (43). Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore, according to the benefits principle, the wealthy should (44) more than the poor to the cost of (45) the police force. The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense, and the court system.The U.S. Department of Education is making effortsto ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is __36___the launch ofth e Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and scho ol districts supportgreat educators for the students who need them most. “All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip c ode or familyincome. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principa ls the support they need tohelp students reach their full 39 ,” U.S. Secretary o f Education Arne Duncan said.“Despite theexcellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principal s, students in high-poverty,high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Localleaders and educators will 41 their o wn creative solutions, but we must work together to 42our focus on how to b etter recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for allstudent s, especially the kids who need them most.”Today’s announcement is another important step forward in improving acces s to quality education, a 44 of President Obama’s year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead aroundtable discussion with principals and school t eachers from across the country about the 45of working in high-need schools and how to adapt promising practices for supporting greateducators in thes e schools.。
英语四级十五选十做题技巧
一、 选词填空题型简介
2 选词填空
题型 字数
题材
美国的饥饿人口问题 • 2012.12 手机使用对人健康的影响 • 2013.6 锻炼身体的各种方式（走路，力量训练，灵活性等）
一、 选词填空题型简介
5 选词填空题材分析
• 2013.12 女性对科学所做贡献情况的改善 （Newsweek 新闻周刊：Science and the Gender Gap）； 如何通过速成课程培养训练有素的的护士 （Newsweek 新闻周刊：Nursing Education : Training on the Fast Track）；手机成了越来越重要的广告工具（Time 时代周刊：Spam, to Go : 垃圾邮件，去！）
二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧
选词填空的解题步骤
第一步：通读全文read through
通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少 90% 的文章内容。这大概就用1分钟时间。
选词填空后面的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还 有5个干扰项，一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选 项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap 前后 的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。
a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）; b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词; c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
二如何、判断选原文词空填缺处空所解需单题词的步词骤性：和技巧
大学英语四级阅读选词填空(15选10)真题51套(06-19年)-附答案
大学英语四级（CET-4）真题之阅读-选词填空The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S.society in many ways.Many in-home jobs that used to be done47by women----ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing48 work——still need to be done by someone.Husbands and children now do some of these jobs,a49that has changed the target market for many products.Or a working woman may face a crushing“poverty of time“and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals,child care centers,dry cleaners, financial services,and the like.Although there is still a big wage50between men and women,the income working women51gives them new independence and buying power.For example,women now52about half of all cars.Not long ago,many cars dealers53women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands.Now car companies have realized that women are54 customers.It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to 55pay attention to women customers.In Japan,fewer women have jobs or buy cars—the Japanese society is still very much male—oriented.Perhaps it was the 56contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A）scale B）retailed C）generate D）extremeE）technically F）affordable G）situation H）reallyI）potential J）gap K）voluntary L）excessiveM）insulted N）purchase O）primarilyYears ago,doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life.In particular,when older patients__47__of pain,they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed.Today,we take pain__48__.Indeed,pain is now considered the fifth vital sign,as important as blood pressure,temperature,breathing rate and pulse in__49__a person’s well-being.We know that chronic(慢性的)pain can disrupt(扰乱)a person’s life, causing problems that__50__from missed work to depression.That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who__51__in pain medicine.Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain,which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social__52__related to chronic pain.Such comprehensive therapy often__53__the work of social workers,psychiatrists(心理医生)and psychologists,as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modern__54__for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before.Decades ago,there were only a__55__number of drugs available,and many of them caused__56__side effects in older people,including dizziness and fatigue.This created a double-edged sword:the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A）result B）involves C）significant D）rangeE）relieved F）issues G）seriously H）magnificentI）determining J）limited K）gravely L）complainedM）respect N）prompting O）specializeAs war spreads to many comers of the globe,Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts.In Afghanistan,Bosnia,and Colombia,however,groups of children have been taking part in peace education47.The children,after learning to resolve conflicts,took on the48of peacemakers.The Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名)or the Nobel peace prize in1998.Groups of children49is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.The classroom50opportunities for children to replace angry,violent behaviors with51,peaceful ones.It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step52toward becoming peacemakers.Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are53useful when helping children along the path to peace.The Young Peacemakers Club,started in1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and54on staring a Kindness Campaign.The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the55of war.Starting a Peacemakers’Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the56school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
选词填空(15选10)(共10小题,10分) Arab cu
选词填空(15选10)(共10小题,10分) Arab cu试题：A combine.Bphilosophy.Caccompany.Dpreferable.Eenroll.F believable.Gpresumably.H incredible.I preferably.J significant.K subsequently.L value.M cost.N worth.O charge .I suppose I've made the most of my first 35 years. I graduated from a four-year institution after focusing on ethnic studies. Since then, I've traveled a lot and gained a(n) （1）amount of wisdom. My classical education and travels came at a great （2） , though. I am now without any （3）skills thatwould allow me to earn a good wage to support my family.It was very popular when I was graduating from high school for teachers to encourage you to （4）in a four-year degree program. I'm not sure what that formal education was （5）to me, though. I was, （6） , supposed to have an occupation in mind when I graduated from high school. Nothing could have been further from the truth. Throughout college, I simply took courses that were important to my life's （7）rather than a career. When I finished my bachelor's degree, I （8） remained without direction. It would have been （9）that I waited to begin my secondary education until after I had an idea of what I wanted to do. It seems like a tremendous waste now that I was not able to （10） studies of the humanities with studies involving skills for a career.The best advice I could give someone entering college would be to get career counseling before it's too late. I wish I would have.答案：1.incredible adj.不可思议的；惊人的。
四级专题-选词填空(15选10)
选词填空【题型概述】选词填空是仔细阅读理解的第一部分，共10题，分值占总分的5%。
考题要求考生从15个备选单词中选择恰当的单词填入一篇留有10个空格的短文（长约230词）中，使整篇文章完整、通畅且符合逻辑。
该题型侧重考察考生综合语言运用能力，要求考生在理解全文的基础上，把握文章整体逻辑，同时进行相应的语法分析和词汇认知。
【解题步骤】第一步：通览全文，明确主旨。
迅速地浏览全文，通过主题句确定文章主题；第二步：通览选项，确定词性。
根据词性将15个备选单词分类，以备选择；第三步：语法先行，语意定项。
对题目所在句进行语法分析，判定需要的词性，缩小选择范围；再根据所在句上下文的内在逻辑，判定最贴切的意思，确定答案。
该步骤是解题的关键；第四步：通读全文，复查答案。
完成所有题目后，如果时间允许，可考虑通读全文，从语法的正确性、行文的通顺两方面对答案进行复查。
【考点剖析】1.语法结构分析选词填空作为篇章词汇理解题目，要求考生具备扎实的语法基础，可以准确分析句子的语法结构，根据缺失部分在句中的语法功能，判断需要何种词性的单词。
2.词汇意义辨析、常用搭配选词填空题重点考查词汇的掌握，要求考生把握单词的准确含义、常用搭配，具备近义词，近形词的辨析能力，能根据上下文的句际逻辑关系，选择意义最恰当的词汇，保证篇章的连贯性。
3.句际、篇章逻辑关系判断常见的句际逻辑关系包括：并列、转折、因果、递进、让步、举例说明等。
准确分析判断句际、篇章逻辑关系可以帮助考生在缩小的词性范围内确定意义最准确的词汇。
【例】2009年6月CET-4 第47、48题Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47) ________ it. They find the writing process 48) ________ and difficult.47题：语法分析，缩小范围：该句是“unless”引导的一个条件状语从句，空白处需要一个动词担当谓语。
十五选十(四级选词填空小技巧)
15选10解题技巧1）首先要辨性（辨别词性）a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）b. 了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。
因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。
甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。
2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。
3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：①动词：a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。
b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
②名词：a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。
b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词 (如：pencil box就是名词修饰名词)例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语e. 介词后面跟名词或动名词③. 副词修饰形容词或动词2017/4/23附录：四级常用后缀1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程，总量，程度” importance,, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态”freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，17-grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology (工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学)2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully -wise：clock→clockwise; like→likewise同样地 -wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地。
英语四级考试15选10资料
新四级阅读理解中的Section A是选词填空(banked cloze)，要求从15个选项中选出10个，填入一篇短文。
除了部分借鉴了雅思阅读中的摘要填空summary之外，这种题主要是脱胎于传统的完型填空(multiple-choice cloze)。
与传统完型填空的比较：字数：完型填空不低于250个字（尽管样题是210个字），选词填空却不会超过220个字。
题材：主要是社会、科普之类。
难度：二者都比另外两篇仔细阅读简单得多，也都是考察考生总体把握全文和根据上下文猜词的能力。
但是完型给出的四个选项词性相同，词义接近，考生不必思考词性的问题，只需分辨词义即可，相对简单一些。
而选词填空的15个待选词不仅难于完型的四个选项，而且分成名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类。
考生必须先确定词性，再结合短文的逻辑做出选择。
这种完型填空的测试学术语称作“集库型完型填空”（banked cloze）, 即一篇留出空白的短文，后面给出一堆提示词和干扰词(gapped text with a box containing prompts and distractors)。
在我们的四级考试中，提示词prompts就是那10个正确选项，干扰词distractors就是那另外5个错误选项。
解题步骤。
你手上的时间：7分钟= 25 –18 （18 分钟留给Section B的两篇常规阅读，一篇9分钟。
也可一篇10分钟。
但选词填空题还是要给出7分钟，时间不够去挤底下的综合题）第一步：通读全文read through (1分钟)注意这里我没有用略读skim 这个词。
通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的文章内容。
而略读是只挑首尾句和连接词，跳着读，只了解10%的内容。
和完型不同，选词填空后面的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有5个干扰项，切不可先看选项，乱了脑子，自食先入为主的恶果。
一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。
高中英语必修一二选词填空(15选10)
attitude; instead of; fluent; shortcoming; schedule; power; pace; recognize; organize; expressions; persuaded; identity; bend; on purpose; altitude;1. She insisted that she _______ the trip properly.2. I stayed awake _______ until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.3. When people use words and ______ different from the “the standard language”, it is called a dialect.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their ________.5. The latter gave a separate ______ to American English spelling.6. Although Americans move a lot, they still ______ and understand each other’s dialects.7. The Mekong makes wide _______ or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.8. Now she is planning our ______ for the trip.9. When I told her that our journey would begin at an _______ of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it.10. India has a very large number of ______ English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.as usual; beneath; trap; view; injured; flames; at an end; dams; shelters; extreme; events; in ruins; mankind; guidance; quality1. The suffering of the people was _________.2. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the ________.3. He offered _____ to poor black people on their legal problems.4. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was____________.5. Workers built ______ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6. As I lay _______ the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.7. The one million people of the city, who thought little of these _______, were asleep as usual that night.8. That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for _______.9. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay ________.10. There was almost no wind ---only the _______ of our fire for company.voyage; in trouble; settle; stage; equal; violence; terror; cruelty; escape; express; position; loose; suffer from; pack up; reliable11. When this was not allowed, only then did we decide to answer _____ with violence.12. When you walk your dog on the street, make sure that it doesn’t get ________.13. We were put into a _______in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.14. She ___________ loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.15. Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when was __________.16. It was a prison from which no one _______.17. I remembered the beatings and the _______ of the guards and my friends who had died.18. I’d like to _______ my thanks to those who have helped me through my difficulties.19. Today we have reached a ______ where we have almost no rights at all.20. I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people ________.fancy; deserve; reception; amazing; bargain; doubt; decorated; glory; trial; painting; think highly of; exploded; entrance; motto; regular;1. It was also a treasure _______ with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.2. In a _______, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.3. About four meters long, the room served as a small ________ hall for important visitors.4. I __________ those who are searching for the Amber Room.5. There are two main sets of Games and both are held every four years on a __________ basis.6. Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a _______ with him.7. Atlanta was not allowed to run and win ______ for herself in the Olympic Games.8. The _______ of the Olympics is “Swifter, Higher and Stronger”.9. Do you think Hippomenes _______ to win the race?10. The design of the room was in the ______ style popular in those days.magical; one after another; replace; stand for; taking apart; doubt; evidence; gymnastic; selected; admitted; less than; at war; former; responsibility; in return1. What do the five rings on the Olympic flag _____________?2. Hosting the Olympic Games is a great __________ but also a great honour to be chosen.3. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be ________ as competitors.4. The olive wreath has been _________ by medals.5. The old man saw some Germans __________ the Amber Room and removing it.6. He threw the golden apples ______________.7. The eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called __________.8. By studying old photos of the _______ Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.9. The amber which was _______ had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.10. This was a time when the two countries were __________.personally;familiar; technology; mercy; species;logically; succeeded; appreciated; virus; affect; signal; arises; type; electronic; endanger;1. I could “think” _______ and produce an answer quicker than any person.2. He went to university and studied IT (information _________).3. An unknown _______ has just attacked my computer.4. I have learned to _____ to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.5. She prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation _______.6. They had developed a new ______ of program just before the competition.7. With the help of the ____________ brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’mall about.8. Farmers hunt elephants without _________.9. This must be a special ______ of zebra that I’ve never seen before.10. She ______ the danger, so she sounded her horn loudly until the lion turned and walked away.attack; simplify; explode; download; watch over;broke up; in a way;reserve; studio; relief; inspect; explore; attach; studio; artificial;1. I have to ______ my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often.2. ___________ our programmer is like our coach.3. When scientists _______ the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like others but also climb trees.5. He has developed a special interest in _______ intelligence.1. I could ________ difficult sums.1. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to _______ the Moon and Mars.7. One day Wendy drove her car into the local game _____ as usual to hunt for some animals to photograph.8. She waited for several minutes to make sure the lion was not coming back, and then she gave a smile of ______.9. Ben used to ______ information from the Internet and made good use of it.10. To be honest, a lot of people ______ great importance to becoming rich and famous.一、请用下面方框中所给的短语的正确形式填空。
打印- 四级英语15选10选词填空
A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen andcontributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still20in France and the United States.
The base and statue,16272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a17standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the18utilized in modern aircraft.
大学英语四级考试15选10专项训练
UnitOne
Directions:In this passage there are ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
选词填空(15选10)When I was young, I
选词填空(15选10)When I was young, I[A]abilities [B]achieve [C]appeal [D]complaints [E] contributions [F]displayed [G]essentially [H]eventually [I]extent [J]indicates [K]proceeds [L]psychological [M]raised [N]smart [O]standardWhat determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern ofpsychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science__8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.答案1.[M]raised raise在这里的意思是“养育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成长的环境“。
英语四级15选10做题技巧及练习
第一步是每位同学都要去做的，就是把15个单词通过后缀进行词性分类，但是通常我的习惯是遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定单三还是非单三;遇到名词确定单数还是复数;单词不认识不应该成为学生放弃选词填空的原因。
以下是4级历年真题选词填空中出现频率最高的后缀：名词后缀：tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism形容词后缀：able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing 动词后缀：ate/lize/ing/ed副词后缀：ly/ward/wise在历年真题中只要出现ly一定为副词1.确定空格为名词(1) 空格前为形容词，应填名词。
(2) 空格前为及物动词，应填名词。
(3) 空格前为冠词a /an/the，应填名词。
(4) 空格前为介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，应填名词。
(5) 空格后为谓语动词，且空格前没有句子主语，应填名词。
2.确定空格为动词(1) 空格前已有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。
(2) 空格前是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词。
(3) 空格前是名词或代词做主语，后面无宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应填不及物动词。
(4) 空格前是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。
(5) 空格前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to 是介词，后面应填入动名词。
3.空格可能为形容词(1) 空格后为名词，空格处可能填入形容词(2) 空格前是副词，空格处可能填入形容词；(3) 空格前是系动词或be动词，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。
4. 空格可能为副词(1) 空格前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。
(2) 空格后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。
第二步回到原文确定空内应填入的词性、单复数形式、动词时态以及其他语法现象。
新视野大学英语读写译4U校园第三单元课后测试答案
选词填空（15选10）10题，总分值：20分Directions：Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.Somebody ought to defend the workaholic. These people are unjustly accused,abused, and 1) teased – often termed sick or abnormal.However, some social researchers 2) deduce from the resources of mostsignificant social achievements that workaholics are, in fact, the real achievers.One-third of American business and 3) commerce is carried on the shoulders ofworkaholics. There is a wide-spread feeling against excellence –evenan 4) admiration of commonness. It is as though we are against those who makeuncommon sacrifices because they 5) enjoy doing something.Now, it is time for us to 6) revive the respect for excellence. We do not seem torealize that very little excellence is 7) achieved by living a so-called well-balancedlife. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud and most 8) predecessors in various fields hadsingle-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including familyand friendship. Some people say that workaholics bear guilt by not being goodparents or spouses. But guilt can 9) exist in the balanced life also. Consider howmany normal people find, at middle-age, that they have never done anything well –they are going to 10) regret for being less than what they could have become. Isn’tthat a pity, too?• A. enjoy• B. react• C. administrate• D. teased• E. exist• F. commerce•G. revive•H. received•I. deduce•J. regret•K. financial•L. retailer•M. achieved•N. predecessors•O. admiration参考答案：1) teased 2) deduce 3) commerce 4) admiration 5) enjoy 6) revive7) achieved 8) predecessors 9) exist 10) regret∧收起解析长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分Directions：You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.The Rise of the Social EntrepreneurA) UBS, a Swiss private bank with many of the world’s richest people among itsclients, is conducting an interesting experiment in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. Ithas formed an alliance with Ashoka, a global organization that invests in leading“social entrepreneurs” – people who use creative business practice with the potentialto solve a social problem. The alliance is offering a new prize for socialentrepreneurship, to bring together two groups of people who might never meet inother cases. “As the biggest wealth manager in the region, we are at the crossroadsbetween capital and ideas – so why not bring the people with capital together with thepeople who have ideas?”B) The social entrepreneurs that are shortlisted (入围) must have been workingsuccessfully with Ashoka for at least three years. Winning the prize is not really thepoint. Simply being selected to be in the room with a bunch of wealthy people givesthe social entrepreneurs great trustworthiness with potential donors, and evenrunners-up (第二名) have a good chance of coming away with a new financial supporter or some other form of help. Héctor Castillo Berthier, who runs an innovative project for troubled Mexican teenagers, came third in last year's Mexican prize, but still got a crucial donation and free use of office space.C) Ashoka is not alone in bringing social entrepreneurs together with the wealthy and powerful. Social entrepreneurs now rub shoulders with the world's business and political elite at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Ashoka was founded in 1980 by Bill Drayton, a former McKinsey consultant, who expects the rise of social entrepreneurship to generate huge benefits. He says it is now helping to bring about a productivity miracle in what he calls the “citizen half of the world” (education, welfare and so on), a sector that for three centuries has lagged behind the “business half of the world”. The emergence of more social entrepreneurs, and their improved access to growth capital as they get better connected to philanthropists (慈善家), is creating enormous productivity opportunities for the citizen sector.D) The citizen sector is mainly made up of government plus the non-profit sector. Both government and non-profits have traditionally been run inefficiently. The productivity miracle is due both to a shift from government provision to more efficient private provision and by an increase in the efficiency of the non-profit sector.E) However, the improvement the efficiency may still have some way to go. In 2004, Bill Bradley, a former presidential candidate, and two consultants claimed that, in America alone, there was a “$100 billion opportunity” for the non-profit sector to improve its efficiency through better management. But is social entrepreneurship the best way to achieve that? There is no easy answer, because nobody is sure what exactly the term means. In a book on the rise of social entrepreneurship, David Bornstein notes that most discussion of social entrepreneurship tends to revolve around “how business and management skills can be applied to achieve social ends”. He himself sees social entrepreneurs as “transformative forc es: people with new ideas to address major problems who are persistent in the pursuit of their visions”.F) Mr. Schramm of the Kauffman Foundation, which promotes a better understanding of entrepreneurship, says that being an entrepreneur means being a risk-taker, but a high risk of failure may be the last thing that many non-profits need. Mr. Omidyar, a philanthropist and the founder of eBay, is uncomfortable with the label either, which he feels implies a disapproval of profits that he does not share. But his fellow philanthropist from eBay, Mr. Skoll, thinks social entrepreneurship has something going for it. The mission of his foundation is “to advance systemic change to benefit communities around the world by investing in, connecting and celebrating social entrepreneurs”.G) Among other things, Mr. Skoll has endowed the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxford University's Saïd Business School. This is part of a growing trend for academic institutions, including nowadays most business schools. Harvard Business School started teaching a course on social enterprise 12 years ago. Mr. Schramm worries that some of these courses are more likely to turn students against capitalism. But Mr. Whitehead, a former Goldman Sachs boss, sees it as part of a trend among the elite in many countries who want to make not just money but “a difference”.H) Certainly the number of business-school graduates going into the non-profit sector has increased. That appeals to the new philanthropists, who want to see people like themselves in charge of the non-profit organizations they support. But these new professionals may achieve as much by using the latest management techniques to improve the performance of existing non-profit organizations than by creating new ones through social entrepreneurship.I) Mr. Collins, the management master, says getting the right people is arguably even more important in the non-profit world than it is in business, because it is often harder for non-profits to get rid of employees once they are “on the bus”. Business leaders can fire people more easily and can spend money on buying talent. But some social entrepreneurs have found their own ways of securing top talent. Wendy Kopp, who in 1989 founded Teach for America – a non-profit organization – made it clear from the start that only the best would do. By last year, over 97,000 people had applied to work for her organization, but only 14,000 had been accepted. Ms Kopp's ability to pick and choose boosted her credibility with her philanthropic supporters and enabled her to raise more money.J) Many non-profit organizations have been cautious of working with big donors because their money can come with too many strings attached. And that is starting to change. Barbara Stocking, the boss of Oxfam, a global charity, says they now want to raise more money from the sort of wealthy philanthropists it has not targeted in the past –if only because in Britain there haven't been many of them. “I'm not sure we have been asking for enough money,” s he says.K) But the main problem for many non-profit organizations is how to get bigger. “One of the problems is that well-run non-profits don't necessarily grow,” says Nigel Morris, the co-founder of a credit-card company. True, growth isn't everything. Indeed, Mr. Collins worries that non-profits will put scale before genuine effectiveness: “One of the markers of mediocre (平庸的) companies is that they become obsessed with scale and growth,” he says. But donors need to decide if they simply want to buy services from a non-profit, or whether they want to invest in helping the organization grow. If growth is important to them, they need to become a lot less critical aboutexpenses.L) There is no merger-and-acquisition (并购) market in the non-profit world. And for all sorts of reasons, there are far too many non-profits. Philanthropists could help by encouraging consolidation (整合), says John Studzinski, co-head of HSBC's investment bank and an active philanthropist. “In homelessness work, I'm a great advocate of consolidation. There are about 40 homelessness projects in London;only eight are any good,” he says.M) There is also a role to be played by philanthropists in encouraging non-profits to develop other sources of finance, to reduce their dependence on the goodwill of donors. Providing fee-generating services is one strategy. Doing work for the government is another. Many non-profits have long generated revenues in this way.11)Many non-profit organizations are now faced with the difficulty in promoting their growth and scale. K12)The growing number of social entrepreneurs and better chances to get growth capital will help improve the productivity of the citizen sector. C13)Business schools are now attaching increasing importance to the courses on social entrepreneurship. G14)The number of non-profit organizations is larger than necessary due to various reasons. L15)Philanthropists can encourage non-profit organizations to be more financially independent of sponsors with two strategies. M16)In an experiment by an alliance for social entrepreneurship, potential sponsors are likely to trust social entrepreneur seven if they have not won any prize. B17)It is difficult to determine whether social entrepreneurship is the most effective means to improve the efficiency of non-profit sector. E18)Non-profit organizations are not so flexible in hiring or firing their employeescompared with those for-profit organizations. I19)Due to the restrictions combined with the funding, many non-profit organizations arecareful when they cooperate with wealthy sponsors. J20)New philanthropists are attracted by the rising number of graduates with businessdegrees entering the non-profit sector. H参考答案：11) K 12) C 13) G 14) L 15) M 16) B 17) E 18) I 19) J20) H∧收起解析阅读理解10题，总分值：40分Directions：Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Something big is happening to the human race – something that could be called theGreat Transformation.Take the energy for example. Some people worry about what will happen when thedeposits of petroleum are gone, but researchers are already finding all kinds of newways to obtain energy. Someday, solar power collected by satellites circling the earthor nuclear power manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need foran expanding civilization. Space exploration promises to open up many newterritories for human settlement, as well as leading to the harvest of mineralresources like the asteroids (小行星).Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed-of possibilities.Seventy years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers or lasers.Today, a host of newly emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence andgenetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists.Like it or not, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth. We not only dominate all the other animals, but we are reshaping the world's plant life and even its soil and rocks, its waters and surrounding air. Mountains are being dug up to provide minerals and stone for buildings. The very ground under our feet is washing away as we chop down the forests, plow up the fields, and excavate (挖掘) foundations for our buildings.Human junk is cluttering (拥塞) up not only the land but even the bottom of the sea.And so many chemicals are being released into the air by human activities that scientists worry that the entire globe may warm, causing the polar icecaps to melt and ocean waters to flood vast areas of the land.No one knows what the Great Transformation means or where it will ultimately lead.But this mysterious Transformation is the biggest story of all time. It is the story of the human race itself.21)By “the Great Transformation”, the author means ______________.22)What energy source is mentioned as a way to provide our energy needs in the future?23)According to the scientists, what directly leads to flooding in vast areas of the land?24)What tone does the author convey when he describes the impacts of advancing technology?25)Which of the followings can best summarize the article?A. The development in science and technology makes humans powerful enough toachieve anything possible.B. The Great Transformation changes human life remarkably, yet it is hard to tell whether the changes are positive.C. Advanced technology guarantees that human beings are living in a world better than before.D. Changes brought about by human efforts will surely destroy the mountains andsea, and cause disaster to the earth.参考答案：21) B 22) D 23) C 24) A 25) B∧收起解析What is the use of a plan?The concept that a plan itself means very little isn’t a new idea. Who would think that spending a year doing a business plan is a good thing, or that formal business plans spell success?Business plans are sometimes overdone and misused, but the planning process is critical. About 60 years ago, Dwight D. Eisenhower said, “The plan is useless; it’s the planning that’s important.” That’s still true today. In fact, all business plans are wrong.They’re the work of humans guessing the future, dealing with uncert ainty and making assumptions. Still, the planning process is absolutely essential. A startup entrepreneur’s planning process should start with a plan and continue with a plan vs.reality review, progress tracking and course correction.Planning is about controlling your destiny: Establish your business goals and outline the steps needed to achieve them –don’t just react to events. While your plan will be wrong, of course, how would you track what is going wrong without it? You can’t havea route without a starting point and a destination, but even the most well-plannedroute may require some detours (绕道).For the best results, planning should be concrete and specific. For each step in your plan, create dates, deadlines and clearly assigned responsibilit ies. You can’t track your progress and steer your company efficiently with vague generalities (概述). In real-world planning, form follows function. When new businesses seek investors they usually need formal plans. Investors who say they don't need formal plans still need to see your strategy, focus, priorities, commitments, dates and deadlines. The content has to be there, regardless of the format. Although you may not need aformal plan, all businesses need to go through the planning process. There will always be examples of businesses with great plans that fail and businesses with no plans that succeed, but I feel it’s very dangerous to tell startup entrepreneurs they don’t need a plan. The truth of the matter is that most of us need more planning, not more rationalizations for not doing it.26)What does the quotation from Dwight D. Eisenhower imply?27)Why does the author say that “all business plans are wrong”?28)What’s the most important function of a plan?29)What elements should be included in a plan?30)What can we infer from the passage?A. All plans are wrong, so no specific plan is necessary for a project.B. Planningshould be as detailed as possible with the most well-planned route.C. Awareness of strategy, focus, and commitments is critical to any project.D. Whether you are able to draw up a formal plan or not controls your destiny.参考答案：26) B 27) D 28) A 29) B 30) C∧收起解析。
21814 四级模拟6 购 选词填空(15选10)共10小题
21814 四级模拟6 购选词填空(15选10)共10小题选词填空Directions:In this section,there is a passage withten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making yourchoices.Eachchoice in the bank is identified by aletter.Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.It’s our guilty pleasure:Watching TV is the most common everyday activity,after work andsleep,in many parts of the world.Americans view five hours of TV each day,and while weknow that spending so much time sitting 36 can lead to obesity(肥胖症.and other diseases,researchers have now quantified just how 37 being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large 38 published studies,a Harvard-led group reported inthe Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spentchannel 39,the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病.rose 20%over 8.5 years,the riskof heart disease increased 15%over a 40,and the odds of dying prematurely 41 13%duringaseven-year follow-up.All of these 42 are linked to a lack of physical exercise.But comparedwith other sedentary(久坐的.activities,like knitting,viewing TV may be especially 43 atpromoting unhealthy habits.For one,the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfsthe time we spend on anything else.And other studies have found that watching ads for beerand popcorn may make you more likely to 44 them.Even so,the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to 45 whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes,heart disease or early deathcompared with,say,reading.A.climbedB.consumeC.decadeD.determineE.effectiveF.harmfulG.outcomesH.passivelyI.previously J.resume K.suffered L.surfingM.term N.terminals O.twisting。
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选词填空特点：
1. 近义词辨析不多，
2. 固定搭配不多
3. 词性辨析比较容易
选词填空难点：
1. 词性可能会变。
2. 错一题，可能会错两题。
选词填空与完型填空的异同：
相同点：都要上下文做题
不同点：选词填空要先判断词性，而完型填空不用判断词性，4个待选项词性基本一致。
解题步骤
1）阅读选项，词性分类
仍然要“先题后文在定位”，但这里“先题”不是要找关键词，而是要先对15个选项“辨性”
仔细阅读选项，根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。
如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。
动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。
因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。
2）细读首句，抓住中心
首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。
和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让读者知道本文的相关主题词或主题。
3）瞻前顾后，谨慎选择
根据文章前后的语法关系判断应填入的词性，大大缩小选择范围。
当一个空可以填入好几个相同词性的词时，则根据上下文逻辑意义；如果均能说得通时，要注意近义辨析。
或留到最后，等范围缩小到最小时再轻松收尾。
即传统阅读所说的，首遍不行无所谓，文章看完再收尾。
解题技巧
1）首先要辨性（辨别词性）
a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）
b. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性
比如：must，most均可做名词do the most you can
c. 动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。
因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。
甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。
2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。
3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：
①动词：
a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。
b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词
c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
②名词：
a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。
b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词
例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe _49 thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）
c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词
d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语
e. 介词后面必有名词
③. 副词修饰形容词或动词
附录：四级常用后缀
1. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” import ance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membersh ip, friendship
14)-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
17-grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology (工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beaut ify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
-wise：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；like→likewise同样地-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地。