国家概况简答题
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪个国家?A. 美国B. 澳大利亚C. 法国D. 英国答案:C2. 英语国家中,哪个国家的首都是渥太华?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:B3. 英语国家中,哪个国家的国旗是米字旗?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:C4. 英语国家中,哪个国家被称为“枫叶之国”?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚5. 英语国家中,哪个国家的人口数量最多?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:A6. 英语国家中,哪个国家是英联邦成员国?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:B7. 英语国家中,哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:C8. 英语国家中,哪个国家的货币单位是美元?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:A9. 英语国家中,哪个国家的国歌是《天佑女王》?B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:C10. 英语国家中,哪个国家是世界面积第二大的国家?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语国家中,______的国花是玫瑰。
答案:英国2. 英语国家中,______的国鸟是鸸鹋。
答案:澳大利亚3. 英语国家中,______的国石是钻石。
答案:加拿大4. 英语国家中,______的国树是橡树。
答案:美国5. 英语国家中,______的国花是枫叶。
答案:加拿大6. 英语国家中,______的国花是玫瑰。
答案:英国7. 英语国家中,______的国鸟是鹰。
答案:美国8. 英语国家中,______的国石是蓝宝石。
答案:英国9. 英语国家中,______的国树是雪松。
答案:澳大利亚10. 英语国家中,______的国花是玫瑰。
答案:英国三、简答题(每题10分,共40分)1. 简述英语国家中,美国的文化特点。
期末考试地理国家概况分析
期末考试地理国家概况分析在这个信息爆炸的时代,了解世界各国的基本情况成为了一个时代的需求。
地理国家概况是地理学中重要的一部分,它以系统的角度介绍了国家的地理特征、自然环境、人文历史以及经济发展等方面的内容。
本文将从亚洲、欧洲、非洲、美洲、大洋洲五个大洲入手,对部分国家的地理概况进行分析。
亚洲亚洲是世界上最大的大洲,涵盖了许多具有丰富历史和文化传统的国家。
以中国为例,中国是世界第三大国家,拥有广阔的土地面积和丰富的资源。
其地理特征多样,既有巍峨雄伟的高山(比如喜马拉雅山脉),也有广袤无垠的平原(如华北平原、长江中下游平原),还有广阔的沿海地带。
中国的自然环境多样,拥有长江、黄河等重要河流,以及青藏高原和西南喀斯特地貌等特殊地形。
中国的人文历史悠久,有着五千多年的文明史和悠久的传统文化。
欧洲欧洲是一个历史悠久、文化丰富的大陆。
以德国为例,德国是欧洲的中心国家之一,在地理上主要由平原和高原组成。
德国境内有著名的黑森林和巴伐利亚山脉等自然景观。
德国还拥有莱茵河和多瑙河等重要的河流。
德国历史悠久,有着悠久的文化传统和众多的历史遗迹,如科隆大教堂、勃兰登堡门等。
非洲非洲是一个多样化的大陆,拥有丰富多样的地理景观。
以南非为例,南非是非洲的一个国家,位于非洲南端。
南非既有大片的高原和草原地带,也有蔚蓝的海岸线和世界著名的城市开普敦。
南非的自然环境多样,有象征性的克鲁格国家公园和世界著名的维多利亚瀑布等。
南非的人文历史丰富,有着丰富多样的部落文化和悠久的历史遗迹。
美洲美洲是一个跨越北美洲和南美洲的大陆,拥有丰富多样的地理景观。
以巴西为例,巴西是南美洲最大的国家,拥有广袤的亚马逊雨林和世界闻名的伊瓜苏瀑布。
巴西的地理特征多样,既有高原和山脉,也有延绵不绝的平原和沙漠。
巴西的人文历史悠久,有丰富的民族文化和巴西独特的音乐、舞蹈等。
大洋洲大洋洲是一个由许多岛屿组成的大洲,其中澳大利亚是最大的国家。
澳大利亚拥有广袤的草原和沙漠,还有著名的大堡礁等自然景观。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪一个?A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 法国答案:D2. 英语起源于哪个国家?A. 法国B. 德国C. 丹麦D. 英格兰答案:D3. 以下哪个国家不是英语国家?A. 加拿大B. 新西兰C. 爱尔兰D. 巴西答案:D4. 英语国家的人口总数大约是多少?A. 1亿B. 3亿C. 5亿D. 10亿答案:C5. 英语国家中,哪个国家的官方语言除了英语还有法语?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案:B6. 英语国家中,哪个国家是君主立宪制?A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案:B7. 英语国家中,哪个国家是联邦制?A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案:B8. 英语国家中,哪个国家有“长白云之乡”的美誉?A. 美国B. 英国C. 新西兰D. 澳大利亚答案:C9. 英语国家中,哪个国家的首都不是以英语命名的?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚答案:A10. 英语国家中,哪个国家是世界最大的钻石生产国?A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 博茨瓦纳答案:D(虽然博茨瓦纳不是英语国家,但此题考察的是钻石生产国)二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语国家中,______(加拿大)的官方语言除了英语还有法语。
2. 英语起源于______(英格兰)。
3. 英语国家中,______(澳大利亚)被称为“骑在羊背上的国家”。
4. 英语国家中,______(新西兰)被称为“长白云之乡”。
5. 英语国家中,______(美国)是世界最大的经济体。
6. 英语国家中,______(英国)拥有世界上最古老的君主制。
7. 英语国家中,______(加拿大)是世界上面积第二大的国家。
8. 英语国家中,______(澳大利亚)是世界上唯一一个占据整个大陆的国家。
9. 英语国家中,______(美国)的首都华盛顿特区是以美国第一任总统的名字命名的。
英语国家概况课后题
英语国家概况课后题摘要:一、英语国家概况概述1.英美两国的历史背景2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度二、英国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点三、美国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点正文:一、英语国家概况概述英语国家概况主要涉及英国和美国两个国家。
这两个国家具有深厚的历史背景,独特的地理位置和气候特点,以及各自的政治体制和社会制度。
在这部分,我们将对这两个国家进行简要的概述。
二、英国概况英国,全名“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”,位于欧洲西北部,由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个部分组成。
英国是一个具有君主立宪制政体的国家,现任君主是伊丽莎白二世女王。
英国气候多样,但总体上属于海洋性气候,四季分明。
英国的经济以服务业为主,特别是金融、教育、旅游等产业具有较高地位。
在文化教育方面,英国拥有世界一流的大学,如牛津、剑桥等,吸引了全球众多学子前来求学。
著名旅游景点包括白金汉宫、大本钟、伦敦塔桥等。
三、美国概况美国,全名“美利坚合众国”,位于北美洲,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋。
美国是一个民主共和制国家,实行总统制。
美国的气候同样多样,但大部分地区属于温带大陆性气候。
美国是全球最大的经济体,拥有高度发达的工业、农业和服务业。
美国在科技、金融、航空航天等领域具有领先地位。
在文化教育方面,美国拥有众多世界顶级大学,如哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福等。
著名旅游景点包括自由女神像、大峡谷、黄石国家公园等。
以上就是对英国和美国这两个英语国家的概况介绍。
国家概况知识点总结中国
国家概况知识点总结中国中国位于东亚东部,东临太平洋,西接中亚,南邻东南亚,北连蒙古、俄罗斯、朝鲜。
中国国土面积约960万平方公里,是世界第三大国家,仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大。
中国地形复杂,东部沿海地带为平原和丘陵地貌,西部则主要由高山、高原和盆地组成,其中包括世界屋脊──青藏高原。
中国还拥有众多广袤的河流、湖泊和丰富的自然资源。
中国有56个民族,是一个多民族国家,其中汉族人口最多,其他少数民族包括维吾尔族、藏族、回族、苗族、彝族等。
这些民族在长期的历史发展中形成了独特的文化传统和风俗习惯,共同构成了中国丰富多彩的民族文化。
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一,中国历史可追溯至5000年前的夏、商、周三代,经历了多个朝代和王朝的更迭。
中国历史悠久,深厚的历史底蕴为中国的文化传统奠定了基础。
中国的文化遗产丰富多样,包括太极拳、京剧、唐诗宋词、紫砂壶、四大发明等,这些都为中国在世界上树立了独特的文化形象。
中国是世界第二大经济体,也是联合国安理会常任理事国之一,对世界政治、经济、文化等领域有着重要影响力。
改革开放以来,中国的经济飞速发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,成为了全球最大的出口国和第二大进口国。
中国的城市化进程加快,城市规模不断扩大,同时也面临着城乡发展不平衡、环境污染等问题。
中国是世界上的社会主义国家,实行党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国的基本国家制度。
中国的政治体制为人民代表大会制度,人大代表们通过选举产生,代表人民行使国家权力。
中国的政治体制在长期的实践中形成了独特的理论和实践经验,为国家的长治久安提供了坚实的政治保障。
中国积极参与国际事务,主张和平、发展、合作的外交政策,推动国际和地区合作,维护世界和平与安全。
中国在世界贸易组织、世界银行、国际货币基金组织等国际组织中发挥了重要作用,为维护国际秩序和促进世界经济增长做出了积极贡献。
中国有着众多的名胜古迹,作为一个文化古国,中国的历史遗迹和自然风光吸引着大批国内外游客。
英语国家概况问答
英语国家概况1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院:曾倩英语国家概况(1)(2)问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Y es. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Y ear with parties, in Scotland, New Y ear's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Y ule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Y ear can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点:1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿:Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前,将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期,Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立:judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政),而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年,英国议会通过了两个重要法案,建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国,煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面,墨西哥在南面,大西洋在它的东面,太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民,尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是:English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒),他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月,The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时,美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前,美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释:1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution,which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation,s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations(联邦国家)The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题:1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
英美国家概况简答题整理
1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northem Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国Its short term :UK:the United Kingdom 大不列颠联合王国2.What are the other names?Great Britain (大不列颠)英国its short term: G. B .GBBritainEnglandThe British Empire 大英帝国The British Commonwealth 英联邦3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?The British Isles are made up of two large islands---Great Britain(the large one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. England, Scotland and Wales and Northem Ireland5. What's its respective capital (首府) ?.England: LondonScotland: EdinburghWales: CardiffNorthem lreland: Belfast.6. What's the national anthem?God Save the Queen/King7. What's its national flower?Rose8. What's its national flag?the Union Jack9. What's its nickname?John Bull.C21.Whatl kind of country is Britain in terms of its geographical feature? An island country2. Which river is important in Britain?The Thames River3. Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Chanel in the south and North Sea in the east.4. What's the climate like in Britain? Why do British people talk about weather very often? Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That's why British people talk about weather a lot.5. What are the symbols of England?The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard,Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag, Big Ben6. Can you list some landmarks of London?Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Pa ul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge.7. What are the symbols of Scotland?Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan, Whiskey, Bagpipe, golf.C31.Tell some symbols of Wales?Saint David, Cardif, Prince ofWales, Eisteddfoudau, Castles.2.Tell some symbols of Northern lreland?The Lough Neagh, The Giant’s Causeway.3.Talk about some famous people in diffrert parts of UK.William Shakespeare William Wordsworth Robert Burns Catherine Zeta-Jones William Butler Yeats Seamus Heaney4.The British are mainly made up of______, ______, _______ and _______ .England, Scotland, Wales,and Northern Ireland5.Describe the character of the Brtish people briefy.They are generally reserved conservative in manners, dress and speech.They are famous for their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humour.6.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welsh and lrish?The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxons while the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh and the lrish are Celts.7.How many stages are British history divided into during the formation of the nation?How long is it?5 stages.l. Prehistoric Britain 5000 BC (the early settlers of Britain--the lberian)ll. Roman Britain 43 ADIll. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V. Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 10668.What are the stages specifically?This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That’s from 5000 BC to 1066 AD.9.The earliest known settles on the British Isles were _______Iberians.10.Christianity was first brought to England by _______.RomansC41. What is the basis of the British goverment?constitutional monarchy.2. Who is the head of the country?A queen or a king.3. Who is the present sovereign of the UK?Elizabeth ll.4. How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they? Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Commons.5. What are the two major parties?the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.6. Who presides the cabinet?the Prime Minister.7. Who has the real power in the county?the Prime Minister.8. Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?Theresa May.9. Where does the Prime Minister live and work?No.10, Downing Street.C51. How do you know about the different names of USA?The United States of America; US; A; U.S.A2. What's its national flag?The Stars and Stripes Old GIory,The Starry Banner .3.How do you know the meaning of its national flag?The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. White signifies Purity and Innocence; Red, Hardiness and Valor;and Blue. Vigilance Perseverance and Justice.4. What's the nickname of American people?Uncle Sam5. What's its national anthem(国歌)?The Star-Spangled Banner6.There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 items1 Statue of Liberty2 White House3 President Hill4 Lincoln Memorial Hall5 Empire State Building6 Times Square7 Broadway Theater District8) Las Vegas9) Hoover Dam10) Disneyland11) The Gate Way of St. Louise12) Golden Gate Bridge13) Yellow Stone National Park14) The Niagara Falls15) Barbie DollC61. Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary ?The United States is situated in the central part of North America except its two youngest states.2. How large is it?9. 3 million square kilometers3. What's its rank respectively all over the world concerning to its area and population? A: 4^th P:3^rd4. How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?485. And which two states are geographically separated from the other?Alaska, hawaii6. Whats the capital of USA?Washingon D.CWashington MonumentCivil War Memorial;Jefferson MemorialLincoln Memorial7.What are the two important moutains of USA?Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains..阿巴拉契业山脉和落基脉是美国的两座大山脉。
英语国家概况自考试题及答案
英语国家概况自考试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语作为官方语言的国家数量是:A. 5个B. 6个C. 7个D. 8个答案:C2. 美国的首都是:A. 纽约B. 华盛顿特区C. 洛杉矶D. 芝加哥答案:B3. 英国的货币单位是:A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元答案:B4. 澳大利亚的国庆日是哪一天?A. 1月1日B. 7月4日C. 12月25日D. 1月26日答案:D5. 加拿大的官方语言包括:A. 英语和法语B. 英语和西班牙语C. 法语和德语D. 英语和德语答案:A6. 新西兰的首都是:A. 奥克兰B. 惠灵顿C. 基督城D. 但尼丁答案:B7. 英语中“Thanksgiving Day”指的是:A. 感恩节B. 圣诞节C. 万圣节D. 复活节答案:A8. 英国的哪个城市被称为“大学城”?A. 牛津B. 剑桥C. 爱丁堡D. 曼彻斯特答案:A9. 美国独立日是哪一天?A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月17日D. 10月12日答案:A10. 英语中“Big Ben”是指:A. 一个著名的运动员B. 伦敦的一座钟楼C. 一个著名的电影D. 一个著名的乐队答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)11. 英语中“Black Friday”通常指的是感恩节之后的_________天,这一天标志着圣诞购物季的开始。
答案:第二天12. 英语中“Red Cross”是指国际性的志愿援助组织,其标志为_________十字。
答案:红13. 英语国家中,_________是唯一一个以英语为主要语言的亚洲国家。
答案:菲律宾14. 美国的自由女神像位于_________市。
答案:纽约15. 英语中“Easter”指的是_________节,是基督教的重要节日之一。
答案:复活16. 英语中“St. Patrick's Day”是_________的国庆日。
答案:爱尔兰17. 英语中“Commonwealth”指的是英联邦,它是一个由_________国家组成的国际组织。
英语国家概况简答题
简答题1.What were the names of the two great walls built by the Romans?They were the Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall.2.Who were the Lollards?They were poor priests and interant preachers who were John Wyclif’s a followers in the 14th century.3.Why was King George Ⅲnicknamed “Farmer George”?George Ⅲwas so enthusiastic about farming changes at Windsor tha he got the nickname “Famer George”4.What does the term “parliament”originally mean?It originally meat a meeting for parley or discussion.5.Which sport is the most tyically English?Cricket is the most rypical English sport.6.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.7.Which are the five biggest cities in the U.S. in terms of population?They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Franciso and Philadelphia.8.What are the two special powers of the Senate?The senate also has certain powers especially kept to tha body,including the authority to confirm presidential appointments of high officials of the federal government as well as ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote .In the case of accusation of federal officials of wrongdoings the House has the sole right to bring charges of improper behaviour which can lead to a trial.The senate has the sole power to try such cases,and to find officials guilty or not guilty. 9.Why has Austrialia always been a continent with few people?Because most of the continent is hot an dry.10.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of Nesw Zealand geography?It is its moutains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.11.In what respects,the two world wars greatly weakened Britain?The British colonies became independent one after another.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British commonwealth or the commmonwealth of Nations in 1931.12.What’s ElizabethⅠ’s religious reform?ElizabethⅠ’s religious reform was a compromise of views.13.What were the two events that most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closingdecades of the 18th century?They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.14.How many provinces does the Church of England have?The Church of England has two provinces:Cantebury and York.15.What were the two guiding principles of the Amercian diplomacy during the SecondWorld War?There were two guiding principles behind all America’s diplomatic activities:the first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with Amercian interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from overexpansion.16.What is the general view of education in Amercia?The general view of education in Amercia is that every Amercian has the right and obligation to become educated. two of Theodore Dreiser’s novels.Sister Carrie,Trilogy of Desire and American Tragedy.18.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?People often say that the history of Canada is a hostory of immigration.19.Why is the southern area of the Northern Territory called the Red Center ofAustralia?Because it consists of miles and miles of red-sand and desert and moutain ranges.20.What is the Renaissance?Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.21.When did the Queen Voctoria become Empress of India?In 1877 Queen Victoria became Empress of India.22.When is the Sovereign’s birthday officially celebrated?It is officially celebrated in June every year.23.Why is the Open Uinversity so named?It is so named because it is “open”to all to become students.24.Explain why Ireland has been geographically compared to a basin?In Ireland,a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highlands.25.When did the “Baby Boom”occur?It occurred between 1946 and 1961.26.What is meant by “Vietnamization”of the war?It meant tha South Vietnamese troops would be war built up to replace American fighting force.27.What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?①There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch②Neither was there a national court System.28.What is “urban sprawl”?It refers to a city that has grown over large area of land.29.What caused the land disputes between the Maories and the settlers in New Zealand? The land disputes were mainly caused by the repid acquisition of Mari land by the government and pressure by settlers fof direct purchase.30.Why did WilliamⅠgive his barons large estates in England?WilliamⅠgave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce.31.What was the Queen Mary known as?She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and aslo remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possesion on the lontinent,that the French port of Cala’s during a renewed war with France.32.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed ,nor any execution of the king inBritain?It is the Glorious Revolution.33.What is American labour force like ?The American labour force in not only hard working ,but also willing to experiment,to change and to learn new technologies.34.What is the hihgest duty of the President in the United States?The highest duty of the President is the execution or carrying out of the law.35.Who was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse?Walt Whitman was the first to exploer fully the possibilities of free verse.36.When is “Trick or treat”played and what does it mean?It is in Halloween.It means”give something nice ,or I will play a trick on you.”37.How do children in remote areas of Austrilia receive their education?The receive their education at home through a radio educational system called School of the Air.38.Why is Austrilia’s New South Wales called the premier state?It is because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788.39.What is the most potential serious natural disaster in New Zealand?In New Zealand,earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters. 40.Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century.From the end of the 8th century,the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark began to invade England.41.What ws Domesday Book?The book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085,and stated the extent,values,the population,state of cultivation and ownership of the land.42.In Britain, what does BBC stand for?British Broadcasting Corporation.43.What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold inIreland?The North Atlantic Current is responsiblef for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in Ireland.44.Which state is the largest in the Uinted States?Alaska is the largest one.45.Who drafted “The Declaration of Independence”in the U.S.?He was Thomas Jefferson.46.What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguardsof the new government misusing its power?They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances.47.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’War between the British and theFrench?After the Seven Years’ War from 1756-1763,the Frence were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rules.48.What does the outback refer to in Australia?The outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.49.What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?The kiwi.50.What the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?All landowners,big and small, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king.51.What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking.52.What is a “copyright”library in Britain?It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of erery book published in the United Kingdom;libraries of other universities and learned institutions;and the Public libraries.53.Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control?HenryⅧwas the first king to bring all Ireland under English control54.What is tariff protection?Tariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.55.What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and has provided the basis for political stability,economic growth and social progress in the United States.56.What is the guiding principle of community college?The principle is higher education for ereryone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differerces.57.What is considered to be the first real American writing?Franklin’s uncompleted Autobiography is the first real American writing.58.What is the built environment?The built environment refers to those parts of the environment built by people or changed by people.59.Where is the highest peak in New Zealand?The highest peak,Mt Cook,is in the center of the moutain range,which is called the Southern Alps.60.How did the Celts invade Britain?The Celts invaded Britain in three waves;the Gaels,the Brythons and the Belgae.61.Why do we call the English Civil War the Puritan War?It is because the supporters of Parliament were mainly Puritans.62.Who were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?The forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain were Whigs.63.What field did the Industrial Revolution firstly occur in?The Industrial Revolution firstly occur in the field of textile.64.What is “a nation on wheels”?A nation on wheels refers to the Untited States because many Americans have their cars.65.What kind of economic system does the United States have?The U.S. has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.66.What are the three principal funtions of the higher education in the United States? The three principal functions are teaching,research ,and public service.67.What do people usually do on Valentines Day in America?It is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.68.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?It is English.69.What is another name of New Zealand National Day?It is Waitangi Day.。
英语国家概况简答题答案
K ey points1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?When Who Where from Which part conquered influence 43 AD AD——AD.5th C Latin-speaking Roman Mediterranean countries England and Wales (not Scotland or Ireland) B rought theMediterraneancivilization, Christian,AD.5t h C —106 6 Angles andSaxons(the forefathers of the English; the founders of England) Germany Eastern and Southern Britain (not Wales and most of Scotland ) mainly England T he ancestorof theEnglishpeople;King Alfred’sstoryLate AD.8t h C –AD 10th C. the the ferocious ferocious Vikings Scandinavia (北欧:北欧:瑞典、挪威一带。
丹麦、芬兰、冰岛等) Northern Northern and and Eastern England, Scotland T he process offorming aunitedBritain(EnglishKings unitedmean, so didthe ScottishCrown),1707, theunited Britaincame intobeingAD 11th C (1066 ) Norman French (William (William the the Conqueror defeated King Harold at at the the the Battle Battle of Hastings, and and built built built the the Normandy (northern France) The next few hundred years, joining various various parts parts of the British Isles under English rule (England, I mport aruling classTower of London) Wales, Scotland, Ireland) 1. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today? K eys:1. racial, racial,2. 2. 2. religious religious3. immigration immigration in in in 1717th c.4. 4. the the British solders ’ station in 19691. How did the doctrine of the ―divine right of kings ǁ, according to the author, lead to the English Civil War? What do you know about the causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century?K ing James I believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---Charles I.Charles Charles I I I called called called his his his t t t Parliament Parliament only when he needed to collect money.T he Civil War was caused caused by by by a a a dispute dispute dispute over over over the the the power power power of of of the the the king king against Parliament in the 17th C. The Republican ―roundheadsǁ, led by Oliver Oliver Cromwell, Cromwell, Cromwell, wanted wanted wanted to to to abolish abolish abolish the the the monarchy monarchy monarchy and and and to to to reassert reassert reassert the the rights rights of of of Parliament. Parliament. In In 1642, 1642, 1642, the the the royalists royalists were were defeated defeated and and King King Charles I was executed in 1649.The The English English English Civil Civil Civil War War War not not not only only only overthrew overthrew overthrew feudal feudal feudal in in in England England England but but but also also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as as the the the beginning beginning of of modern modern world world history. history. T he Civil War was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.1. What are three big parties in the UK? W hat are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties? There are three m ajor national parties: The Conservative party and the major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which which of of of the the the other other other two two two parties parties parties does does does so. so. so. The The The Conservative Conservative Conservative Party Party Party spent spent most time in power T hey are the Labor party, the Conservative party and the Liberal Democratic party.the Labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the UK. It is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. It is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. It also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people. the the Conservative Conservative Conservative party party party --- --- --- one one one of of of the the the 2 biggest 2 biggest parties parties in in in the the the UK. UK. UK. It It It is is basically the party of the individual, protectin g the individual’ s right to acquire acquire wealth wealth wealth and and and to spend to spend it it as as as he/she he/she he/she wants. wants. wants. It It It advocates advocates advocates economic economic policies which are favourable to businessmen, such as low taxes. From 1979 1979 to to to 1997, 1997, 1997, the the the Conservative Conservative Conservative party party party won won won 4 4 4 consecutive consecutive consecutive elections elections elections and and was in power for quite a long period of time. the Liberal Democrats--- the 3rd biggest party and often seen as a party of the the ―middleǁ, ―middleǁ, o ccupying occupying occupying the the the ideological ideological ideological ground ground ground between between between the the the two two two major major parties. They are comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the the individual individual individual and and and the the the social. social. social. They They They emphasize emphasize emphasize the the the need need need to to to change change change the the Britain’s constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable. S imilarities:1. they all support the capitalist system2. generally speaking, they all are the active participants and supporters of representative democracy3. they share some similar beliefs in their political and socioeconomic ideology D issimilarities:1. they represent the interests of different social groups2. they have different opinions on the government’s role in social economy and they each take different economic policies duringtheir administration51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history. 。
(完整word版)英语国家概况问答题
1.Briefly discuss the international influence of the UK exerciseson today’s world.The UK had built up a huge overseas empire.It is a developed country,with the fifth GDP largest economy in the world.The UK remains a major power with strong economic,cultural,military and political influence worldwide.2.What are the causes of the Great Depression?Unbalanced economy,the tendency to use profits for speculation rather than for productivity;an unregulated banking system and a lack of supervision of the stock market.3. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution?The UK has no written constitution in any one document it is only partly written and contained in multiple documents,characteristics:1constitutional monarchy;2 parliamentary sovereignty;3 representative democracy;4 the rule of law4. Why has the turnout(参加人数)been so low in American general elections during the past few decades?Because it is inconvenient for some citizens to participate in the election because of the different registration laws.And the Americans aremuch more care about the local politics than those at the federal level.5. What are the problems that the Social Security System confronts in the UK today?Frist of all,the funding of its insurance has always been problematic and levels of benefit low;Secondly,it is very complicated for claimants and administrators alike with its array of benefit and is subject to fraud;Thirdly,one technical difficulty in implementing the system is that accurate figures of poverty are hard to define;Finally,the system has been criticized for the racism and sexism in the mind of original architect of the system.温馨提示:除了50分的选择题和30分的3道简答题,试卷还有10分的判断题和10分填空题。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语是以下哪个国家的官方语言?A. 中国B. 法国C. 美国D. 巴西答案:C2. 英国的首都是哪里?A. 伦敦B. 巴黎C. 柏林D. 罗马答案:A3. 英语国家中,哪个国家是英联邦的创始成员?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案:B4. 英语中“Thank you”的意思是:A. 不客气B. 你好C. 谢谢D. 对不起答案:C5. 英语中“Good morning”通常用于:A. 晚上B. 早上C. 中午D. 下午答案:B6. 英语国家中,哪个国家以英语为第二语言?A. 印度B. 中国C. 法国D. 德国答案:A7. 英语中“Please”的意思是:A. 谢谢B. 请C. 对不起D. 再见答案:B8. 英语国家中,哪个国家位于南半球?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 英国答案:C9. 英语中“Excuse me”通常用于:A. 问路B. 打招呼C. 道歉D. 道别答案:A10. 英语国家中,哪个国家以英语为母语?A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 所有选项答案:D二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. 英语国家中,_______(美国)是最大的英语使用国。
2. 英语是_______(联合国)的工作语言之一。
3. 英语国家中,_______(英国)是英语的发源地。
4. 英语国家中,_______(加拿大)的官方语言包括英语和法语。
5. 英语中,表示“再见”的常用语是_______(Goodbye)。
6. 英语国家中,_______(澳大利亚)的首都是堪培拉。
7. 英语国家中,_______(新西兰)位于太平洋地区。
8. 英语中,表示“不用谢”的常用语是_______(You're welcome)。
9. 英语国家中,_______(南非)是非洲唯一以英语为官方语言的国家。
10. 英语中,表示“请稍等”的常用语是_______(Just a moment)。
英美国家概况复习资料
英美国家概况复习资料英美国家概况期末复习考试题型说明:10个简答题和5个论述题。
一.简答题1. What is the full name of the U.K.?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. What are the two components of the British Parliament?They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War Ⅱ?Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.4. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?The three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.5. In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.6. What are the three categori es of Shakespeare’s plays and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream. The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include Richard III, Henry IV and Antony and Cleopatra. His greattragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet.7. What were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions:a) brought the Vietnam War to a close;b) reestablishing U.S. relations with China;c) negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the former Soviet Union.8. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. Constitution?One is "check and balances". The other is that the powers of the central government and the power of state governments are specified.9. 说出三个英国的节日Christmas, Easter and "Trooping the color"二.论述题1. What are the characteristics of English literature in the 20th century?English literature in the 20th century can be roughly divided into two periods: Modernism and Postmodernism. Modernism prevailed before the Second World War, It can be viewed as a deliberate departure from tradition and is characterized by the use of innovative forms of expression. Modernist writing seems unorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action form the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of all-knowing, impersonal narrator .After World War II, postmodernism begins. Postmodernism differs in some ways from Modernism. Modernism, for example, tends to present a fragmented view of human subjectivity, but present that fragmentation as somethingtragic, something to be lamented as a loss. Postmodernism does not lament the idea of fragmentation but rather celebrates it .Modernists look for buried meaning below confusing surfaces, while postmodernists abandon that search, However, there are still many postwar writers who continue traditional themes.2. Why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" anda "salad"?The United States "is not merely a nation but a nation of nations". The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America was described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups were combined into one culture. Recently, Americans have been called a "salad" in that people of different races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously but at the same time keep their distinct culture and custom.3. What was the cause of the American Civil War?(可能该题考简答)The issue of slavery was the focus of American politics, economics and cultural life by the mid-19th century.The southern planters needed a large number of laborers to manage their plantations and they regarded the black slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What's more, the Northerners demanded a law protecting tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads, but the Southerners were strongly against it and advocated free trade so that they could purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the Civil War.4. How is a President voted into office in America? What areyour ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaign. However, the election can not solve the social and economic problems as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.5. How did the U.S. Constitution lay groundwork for America's economic development?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation, was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on inter-state commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post offices and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20th century.6. What are the characteristics of American writing during the Romantic period?During the Romantic period, most of the American writings placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions, and they displayed an increasing attention to the psychic state of their characters, They celebrated America’s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, endless prairies, streams and vast oceans. The Romantic writers had a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪一个?A. 美国B. 英国C. 法国D. 加拿大2. 以下哪个国家不是英语国家?A. 澳大利亚B. 新西兰C. 印度D. 巴西3. 英语的发源地是:A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 加拿大4. 英语中“Hello”一词的意思是:A. 再见B. 你好C. 谢谢D. 对不起5. 英语国家中,哪个国家有“枫叶国”之称?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚6. 英语国家中,以下哪个国家是君主立宪制?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚7. 英语国家中,哪个国家是联邦制国家?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚8. 英语国家中,以下哪个国家是双语国家?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚9. 英语国家中,以下哪个国家是英联邦成员国?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 所有选项10. 英语国家中,以下哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国?A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1. 英语国家中,______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的亚洲国家。
2. 英语国家中,______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的南美国家。
3. 英语国家中,______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的非洲国家。
4. 英语国家中,______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的大洋洲国家。
5. 英语国家中,______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的欧洲国家。
三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. 请简述英语国家中,英国的地理位置及其主要特点。
2. 请简述英语国家中,美国的国家体制及其主要特点。
四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. 论述英语国家中,加拿大的多元文化政策及其对世界的影响。
2. 论述英语国家中,澳大利亚的自然环境和经济发展。
五、翻译题(每题5分,共10分)1. 请将以下英文句子翻译成中文:“English is the most widely spoken second language in the world.”2. 请将以下中文句子翻译成英文:“英语是世界使用最广泛的第二语言。
英语国家概况简答题+翻译
1.Shakespeare:Great Tragedies:Hamlet\ Macbeth\ Othello\ King LearGreat Comedies:The Merchant of Venice\The Twelfth Night\A Midsummer Night's Dream\As you like it2.The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King.So the Privy Council was also called the King's Council in history.Today its role is largely formal,advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.3.Civil ServiceImplementation of the Minister’s decisions is carried out by a permanent politically neutral organization known as the civil service.The civil service is non-political.Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.Civil servants are recruited mainly by open competition.4. Norman ConquestIn 1066, Edward died childless. Harold, Edward’s brother-in-law, and William, Duke of Normandy, Edward’s Norman cousin, both claimed the throne.William, Duke of Normandy, crossed the Channel , killed Harold and defeated the English army at the battle of Hastings.After Norman Conquest, feudalism was established inEngland.5. Great CharterRichard I demanded more feudal taxes and army service. The lords became angry, marched to London and forced him to sign a long document on June 17th.The Great Charter contained 3 sets of provisions.It was made in the interests of the feudal lords.6.Bourgeoisie RevolutionCharles I ascended the throne in 1625.Like his father,he was constantly at loggerheads with Parliament.At the beginning of the Civil War,two camps were formed;the king's men were called "Cavaliers" and the supporters of parliament were called "Roundheads".The King ran away to join the revolt in 1648.The army,under the leadership of Cromwell,defeated the revolt in a few months.The king was recaptured on 1649.English then called itself a Commonwealth.7. Restoration of the StuartThe bourgeoisie compromised with the rightists and invited Charles II to come back from Holland to the throne in 1660.The expansion of James II’s power soon clashed with the interests of the bourgeoisie, and in 1688, the 2 parties of thebourgeoisie united and staged a bloodless coup d’ etat.8.What were the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution ?First, the industrial bourgeoisie gained supremacy in the 1840s.Second, productivity was greatly increased.Third, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Fourth, the rapid growth of capitalism caused miseries and disasters among the working people.9. Why is the United States a melting pot?The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world.There are many different Americans, who have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures toward some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the United States and gradually forming a new nation.10. What are the 2 principles followed by the constitution ? Explain each.The Constitution follows two principles : the federal system and the “separation of powers”. The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government. There is also a division of powers among the three branches of the federal government: the legislative branch, the executive branchand the judicial branch. They are supposed to be independent of each other, but each checks the other two which calls for “checks and balances”.11. Use the process of law-making to illustrate the relationship between the president and congress.After both houses have passed the bill, it is sent to the President, who should sign it or veto it within ten days. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress; his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress and the bill then becomes a law.12. Use the process of impeachment to explain the relationship between the president and congress.Under the Constitution, a sitting President may be removed from office before his term expires only by an impeachment process whereby the House of Representatives, upon sufficient evidence, brings a “bill of impeachment”approved by two-thirds of its membership. Next there comes a trial in the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as the judge and the Senators as the jury. In 1868, Congress tried to impeach President Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, but both failed.13. When the first 13 colonies were established how werethey divided? What were their distinctive features in terms of economy?Firstly, the New England Colonies became a center for lumbering, shipping and fishing.Secondly, the Central Colonies became a region of small farms.Thirdly, the Southern Colonies developed a plantation system with the exploitation of slave labor.14. the Stamp ActThe British Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765, which required that a stamp, purchased from the British government, be placed on all legal documents, newspaper and other printed materials. The reaction from the colonies was so violent that the British government was forced to repeal the Act.15. Boston Tea PartyIn 1773, the British government passed the Tea Act, which permitted the British East India Company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. A group of Boston citizens, who disguised themselves as Indians, boarded three British ships in the labor and tossed a cargo of tea worth 17000 overboard. 16.Monroe DoctrineIn 1823,President James Monroe announced his "Monroe Doctrine",which warned the European powers against anyattempt at intervention in Latin American affairs with the aim of keeping Latin American countries for the United States itself. 17. Cuban Missile CrisisIn 1962 after the discovery of Soviet nuclear missile bases in Cuba,the US imposed naval as well as air blockade on Cuba while Pres.Kennedy demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle the missiles.For several days the world stood on the brink of its first nuclear war,however,the USSR later removed the missiles.18.我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利,其中包括生存权,自由权和追求幸福的权利。
英语国家概况简答题论述题总结精简版
简答:1、为什么游客喜欢去Scotland?答:enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2、英语发展有哪几个阶段?分别是什么?答:Three. Old English, Middle English, Modern English.3、在黑死病之后,为何英语变得更加重要?答:Because after the Black Death, the laboring and the merchant classes grew in economic and social importance.4、维多利亚女王的成就有哪些?答:She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways,and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empire.5、一战两大阵营是?答:the Central Powers—Germany, Austria-Hungry, TurkeyThe Allies—France, Great Britain, Russia and Italy, USA6、二战后英国和美国为何如此亲近?答:They were the Allies during the war and shared the same concerned about the Soviet Union.7、下议院的功能是什么?答:To draft laws, to inspect the activities of the government and to influence future government policy.8、自由民主党在人们心目中是什么形象?答:A middle party between two main party. People see it as flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social.9、为什么独立党派难以取得选举胜利?答:Even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament against the larger parties.10、grammar school 和vocational school 的作用是什么?答:grammar school: train the most academically capable student for university Vocational school: help less successful student to learn a trade.11、comprehensive school会上什么课?答:provide a general education, and more practical subjects like cooking.12、莎士比亚作品的三种分类和代表作是什么?答:Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, As you like itTragedy: Hamlet, OthelloHistorical play: Richard3, Henry513、什么是批判现实主义?答:It’s a literary school which flourished in the 1840s.Discribe the chief traits of society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic view point.14、美国人口是怎么分布的?答:uneven. The most populated region is the northeastern part od the country. The great Plains have a small population. The South has a population of over 100 million. The west is not populated, except for some cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco.15、为何颁布1924年移民法案?答:The new immigrants are poor, so they were willing to work for very low wages. This madeother workers afraid that immigrants would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them. 16、美国为什么改变策略,加入二战呢?答:The America government feared that the Axis countries were winning the war, which might threaten America’s security and interests. The Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into World War 2.17、尼克松有名的贡献是什么?答:Ending the military involvement in the Vietnam War. Reestablishing the relationship with China. Negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the Soviet Union.18、里根的经济计划是什么?答:Called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment, and proposed deep cuts in federal spending in every area except defense. Also reduced the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.19、美国宪法两个特点是什么?答:One is checks and balances. The other is the powers of the federal government and of the state government are specified in the constitution.20、成为众议员或者参议员的条件各是什么?答:A senator must be over 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least 9 years and a resident in the state which they represent.A representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than 7 years.21、最高法院的主要权力是什么?答:to interpret laws.To hear appeals from any federal court casesTo hear appeals from state court cases that involve the Constitution and national lawsTo declare a law unconstitutionalTo declare a presidential act unconstitutional22、民主党和共和党之间的区别是什么?答:Democratic party has a liberal ideology, while Republican party is more conservative. Democratic want the government to play an important role in the economy, while Republican party favor an economic system which gives enterprises greater freedom.23、美国大学如何挑选录取?答:their high school records. Recommendations from their high school teachers. Impression during interview. The SAT scores.24、美国高等教育组织有什么功能?答:teaching, research and public service, with each college or university having its own emphasis with regard to its functions.25、著名高校有什么共同点?答:They all have long history. They all have excellent faculty, having made more extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful.26、美国清教的本质是什么?答:stress predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would receive god’s grace.27、什么是迷失的一代?答:the young writers caught up in world war 1 and cut off from the old values, unable to terms with the new era28、什么是beat movement?答:began in the 1950s, the word “beat” suggests a rebellious attitude towards conventional values, an attitude which results from the feeling of depression and the need to escape into an unconventional mode of life.论述1、英国人是谁?答:The earliest inhabitant were Celts, then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes. In modern times there are lots of immigrants from former colonies of the British Empire.2、什么是英语标准?答:Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. Nowadays, the standard of English is the same all over the world.3、英国工业革命的结果是什么?答:British became the most advanced industrial country in the world. And the urbanization took place. And the capitalist became the most important force in the country.4、阐述英帝国的沉浮。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
1. Describe your understanding of “the American Dream”.The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States. The term “American dream” is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. Someone who manages to achieve his or her version of the Ame rican dream is often said to be “living the dream.”The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that “all men are created equal” and that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights" including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."The idea of an American dream is older than the US, dating to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, authors often wrote about the idealistic American dream. The meaning of the "American Dream" has changed over the course of history.Today, the ethos implies an opportunity for Americans to achieve prosperity through hard work. According to The Dream, this includes the opportunity for one's children to grow up and receive a good education and career without artificial barriers. It is the opportunity to make individual choices without the prior restrictions that limited people according to their class, caste, religion, race, or ethnicity.2.Explain the idea of “Melting Pot’’ and whether you believe it has succeeded.The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. Many immigration come to the USA . Immigration with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds came into the same place struggling for a better life. Th ey need “Melting Pot ” which can help them.There are two good reasons for this. First, the country was settled, built, and developed by generations of immigrants and their children. Secondly, even today the U.S. continues to take in more immigrants than any other country in the world. It is not surprising, therefore, that the United States is counted among the most heterogeneous societies in the world. Many different cultural traditions, ethnic customs, national origins, racial groups, and religious affilia tions make up “the new men” called Americans.To a certain extent, or success. But still not comprehensive, such as racial discrimination. There are now some thousands of black millionaires, not only athletes and entertainers, but also in business and other professions. Discrimination against blacks, both in admission to all public places and in employment, is now illegal. While formal discriminations have decreased and old forms of segregations have been dismantled, subtle patterns of informaldiscrimination in housing, employment, education and virtually every social sphere still persists.3.Discuss how/ why Martin Luther King's famous speech is relevant in American life today.August 28, 1963,"I have a dream" is Martin Luther King Jr. Lincoln memorial in Washington's famous speech.The main content of black national equality. It had a great influence on the United States and even the world. In the 1950 s, when Martin Luther King took over the leadership of the black civil rights movement, most blacks are still in a state of poverty and low education.There is resistance in each progress. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King made remarkable progress.For example, before the election act (1965) promulgated, fewer than two hundred blacks in the United States hold public office.The number of people is 1469 in 1970.The number of people is 4192 in 1980. This accounts for only 1.3% of the 490000 elected officials.The existing 289 black mayor, 28 women manages more than fifty thousand people in the city.And poor black families fell from 55% in 1959 to about 31% in 1987. Martin Luther King Jr. led nonviolent resistance movement, not only won the Montgomery city bus, the abolition of apartheid, and won the national against Birmingham city black sport of the world's attention and sympathy;Not only successfully organized a march to Washington's big, and deeply moved, including the President Kennedy, all levels of the white man's heart;Not only contributed to the United States congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, officially ended in law of black Americans were discrimination status, and influence the British parliament passes against racial discrimination and gender discrimination, in the long term also contributed to the collapse of apartheid in South Africa.4.Explain “discrimination is more than just skin color ”Racial discrimination is a common phenomenon. An old children’s rhyme captures the definition in a nutshell.“If you’re black, stay back;if you’re brown, stick around;if you’re yellow, you’re mell ow;if you’re white, you’re all right.”In sum, colorism refers to discrimination based on skin color. Discrimination has covered in housing, employment, education and virtually every social sphere still persists. But on account of the deep-rooted racial discrimination, other skin people to get the same recognition, often have to pay much more efforts than whites, also faces the situation of professional glass ceiling, it is difficult to enter the top.5.What do you know about Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation?Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest privatefoundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. And Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellman. It had an endowment of US$44.3 billion as of 31 December 2014. The scale of the foundation and the way it seeks to apply business techniques to giving makes it one of the leaders in venture philanthropy, though the foundation itself notes that the philanthropic role has limitations. In 2007, its founders were ranked as the second most generous philanthropists in America, and Warren Buffett the first. As of May 16, 2013, Bill Gates had donated US$28 billion to the foundation.The gates foundation only accept personal donations.Do not accept donations from the organization, including company donations, donations incentive plans, nonprofit organizations, foundations, charitable fund-raising organizations, or government entity. The gates foundation does not allow a third party for the gates foundation, or in the name of the gates foundation fund-raising.。