外国文学赏析期末作业
外国文学名作赏析_北京语言大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
外国文学名作赏析_北京语言大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.亚里士多德认为，区别于索福克勒斯的“简单剧”，埃斯库罗斯的剧作，具有“突转”与“发现”的戏剧结构，因此被称为“复杂剧”。
答案:错误2.波德莱尔的诗集《恶之花》以丑为美，具有丰富的“审美现代性“思想。
答案:正确3.与悲剧起源相关的希腊神话中的酒神是______。
答案:狄奥尼索斯4.古希腊三大悲剧家不包括_____。
答案:阿普列尤斯5.亚里士多德认为，悲剧的摹仿方式是借助（）来表达。
答案:人物的行动6.《弗兰肯斯坦》的作者是_____。
答案:玛丽·雪莱7.阿里斯托芬的_____，以夸张的形式讲述了埃斯库罗斯和欧里庇德斯不同的悲剧创作原则，被认为是以剧本形式出现的第一篇文学批评。
答案:《蛙》8.鲁滨孙的仆人和“好友”是“_____”，这是鲁滨孙给他起的名字。
答案:星期五9.萨福最擅长写作的抒情诗是_____。
答案:独唱琴歌10.下列能够体现松尾芭蕉独特的“风雅之寂”的俳句是“_____”。
答案:古池幽且静，沉沉碧水深。
青蛙忽跳入，激荡是清音。
11.以sonnet 116为例，莎士比亚十四行诗中，他喜爱运用的意象是_____。
答案:时间的镰刀12.下列诗句中，体现了波德莱尔美学理念，包含象征、通感运用的的是“_____”。
答案:有的芳香新鲜若儿童的肌肤，/柔和如双簧管，青翠如绿草场，/——别的则腐朽、浓郁、涵盖了万物，/像无极无限的东西四散飞扬，/如同龙涎香、麝香、安息香、乳香/那样歌唱精神和感觉的激昂。
13.《海底两万里》被认为是世界上第一部真正意义上的科幻小说。
答案:错误14.《白鲸》中的白鲸名叫莫比·迪克，它被桑迪亚哥追捕。
答案:错误15.《乡村医生》这部作品主要采取了第一人称自述的叙事角度。
答案:正确16.表现主义主张艺术作品的首要任务是要表达作者的主观感受和精神世界。
答案:正确17.《约伯记》出自_____。
外国文学作品赏析(简单框架)(大三上学期期末考试专用)
一、荷马史诗《伊里亚特》(公元前九世纪行吟诗人,成文于-6世纪,记载-12世纪的事,-3世纪定稿1、史诗分为《伊里亚特》《奥德塞》两部分2、两个主要英雄人物:阿基琉斯(英俊骁勇,感情强烈、但过于自尊,盛怒之下不免残忍赫克托尔(遇事冷静,比较内向,性格稳重,有人情味3、人神双线推进,多用善用比喻二、索福克勒斯《俄狄浦斯王》 (公元前 5世纪1、俄狄蒲斯形象分析:正直、诚实,为了躲避杀父娶母的厄运而四走奔走,力图自己掌握自己的命运,说明其有独立意志和坚强毅力,遵循高尚的道德准则,敢于反抗神喻2、作者的命运观:肯定独立意志和高尚品质,但命运使一个优秀人物成为罪人,命运的正义性和合理性就值得怀疑。
但作者没有否定命运, 主人公也未能逃出命运的劫数, 存在历史局限性。
3、结构和艺术手法:歌队的穿插;临近高潮落笔的“回顾式”结构;不断“发现” “突变”推动剧情。
4、 130个剧本, 7个流传至今。
三、但丁《神曲• 地狱篇》 (13-14世纪1、恩格斯对但丁的评价:中世纪的最后一位诗人,同时也是新时代的最初一位诗人2、神曲的三部分篇名:《地狱篇》《炼狱篇》《天堂篇》。
拦路的三头野兽:豹、狮、虎。
3、两个形象:维吉尔――理性的指引,经过各种苦难的考验,涤除各种罪恶,在道德上得到净化;贝雅特里奇――信仰的引导,走出迷惘,到达理想的境界。
4、神曲的两重性:虚构的情节与场景源自中世纪宗教思想。
运用宗教文学中常用梦幻故事的写法,以前隐喻、象征等手法,具有一部宗教文学作品的特征;素材取自现实生活, 从现实出发评价人物、表示态度,富有现实感,使虚幻的的地狱具有可感性。
塑造出有立体感的人物, 主观抒情色彩强烈。
用意大利文写成; 兼有中世纪文学的一般特征,也表现出新文学的特征。
5、象征意像:黑暗的森林 ---意大利现实三头猛兽 ---阻碍人类达到光明世界的邪恶力量但丁在森林中迷路 ---人类的迷惘但丁游历 ---追随理性与信仰6、第五歌、第十九歌的内容:第五歌:地狱第二圈。
外国文学期末考试试卷及答案.doc
外国文学期末考试试卷（考试范围：《外国文学》全书）试卷构成：填空题5题，每题2分，共计10分；名词解释5题，每题4分，共计20分；简答题3题, 每题10分，共计30分；论述题2题，每题20分，共计40分。
一、填空题1.《—》是欧洲文学史上第一部以个人遭遇为主题的作品，对后世表现个人经历的小说创作有着先驱的意义。
2.文艺复兴的核心思想是—主义。
3.最著名的流浪汉小说是无名氏的《—》（1554年）。
这种小说对18世纪英国的现实主义小说的崛起有直接影响。
4.创世神话《—》流传极广，巴比伦文学反映人们对光明、幸福的追求和对黑暗的憎恶, 也反映了他们对自然现象的原始的理解。
5.—的作品具有深受欧美作家影响的轻盈基调，少有日本战后阴郁沉重的文字气息，被称作第一个纯正的“二战后时期作家”，并誉为日本1980年代的文学旗手。
二、名词解释1 .七星诗社2.《玩偶之家》3.表现主义4,垮掉的一代5.意识流小说三、简答题1.《伊利亚特》有哪些艺术成就？2.简述巴尔扎克小说《人间喜剧》的写作手法。
3.简述魔幻现实主义文学的艺术特点。
四、论述题1.试论述古典主义文学的历史背景与具体内涵。
2.谈谈你从卡夫卡《变形记》中得到的启示。
外国文学期末考试答案（考试范围：《外国文学》全书）一、填空题1.《奥德赛》2.人文3.《小癞子》4.《埃努玛•埃立什》5.村上春树二、名词解释1.七星诗社是16世纪后半叶出现在法国的具有贵族倾向的诗人团体，由龙沙等7人组成。
由杜倍雷执笔的论文《保卫与发扬法兰西语言》是该社的宣言，也是法国文学史上第一篇文学流派宣言。
龙沙被称为法国第一位近代诗人。
七星诗人肯定生活、热爱自由、反对禁欲主义，推崇古希腊罗马文学，强调向希腊语和拉丁语假借词语，对法国民族语言的统一和民族诗歌的建立作出了贡献。
但他们一味模仿古人，轻视民间文学和人民语言，并强调作家必须“出身高贵”，带有明显的贵族偏见。
2.《玩偶之家》是19世纪挪威最伟大的戏剧家亨利克•易I、生的著名社会问题剧及社会心理剧。
《外国文学》课程期末考试题
《外国文学》期末考试试题（含答案）一、简答题1．荷马史诗的主题思想和艺术特点：2．但丁《神曲》的二重性及主题思想：3．文艺复兴和人文主义：4、哈姆雷特形象的典型意义：5．《巴黎圣母院》的美丑对照原则：6、于连形象：二、比较题（第1、2题选其一，第3题必做。
）1、比较包法利夫人和安娜·卡列妮娜：2、比较简·爱和苔丝：3、莫泊桑、契诃夫均为短篇小说大师，试举例（作品）分析二人创作上的不同特点。
三、分析论述题：1、哈代笔下的苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人”，但却遭到毁灭，试析苔丝悲剧的根源。
2、歌德笔下的浮士德说：“有两个灵魂居住在我心胸，一个要和另一个分离”。
对此你如何理解？3、堂•吉诃德是个可笑、可爱、可敬又可悲的艺术典型，试论这一形象的矛盾性。
《外国文学》课程期末考试题及答案一、简答题1．荷马史诗的主题思想和艺术特点？2．但丁《神曲》的二重性及主题思想3．文艺复兴和人文主义4．堂吉诃德5、莎士比亚创作的艺术特色：6．《巴黎圣母院》的美丑对照原则。
7、于连形象8．哈姆雷特形象的典型意义二、比较题1、比较包法利夫人和安娜·卡列妮娜2、比较简·家和苔丝3、莫泊桑、契诃夫均为短篇小说大师，试举例（作品）分析二人创作上的不同特点。
三、分析论述题：1、哈代笔下的苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人”，但却遭到毁灭，试析苔丝悲剧的根源。
2、歌德笔下的浮士德说：“有两个灵魂居住在我心胸，一个要和另一个分离”。
对此你如何理解？3、堂•吉诃德是个可笑、可爱、可敬又可悲的艺术典型，试论这一形象的矛盾性。
4、析《哈姆雷特》的复仇主题。
5．浮士德是一个什么样的人物形象？这个人物的典型意义是什么？36.简要说明《伪君子》中答尔丢夫这一宗教伪善者的欺骗性与危害性.37.哈代笔下的苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人”，但却遭到毁灭，试析苔丝悲剧的根源。
39.堂•吉诃德是个可笑、可爱、可敬又可悲的艺术典型，试论这一形象的矛盾性。
英国文学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分
英国⽂学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分莎⼠⽐亚1.Sonnet 18(B1,P118)（theme：It talks about the poet’s faith in the permanence of poetry.The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. Transiency of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18. Content: On the surface, the poem is a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer, but he does not want it to fade with time. Thus the best way to preserve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s ―eternal summer‖ will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet. Comments: Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the beauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty by reading it, but also be a beauty itself. Natural beauty would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only the art brings the eternity. For the speaker, love transcends nature. The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail(减少) it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word-through the sonnet itself.Figures of Speech:Rhetorical questioning: the 1st line, to used to create a tone of respect, and to engage the audience;Metaphor: Shakespeare opens the poem with a metaphor, comparing the woman he loves to all of the best characteristics of a summer's day and she is far more beautiful and even tempered than the most desirable summer weather; Personification:It is worth mentioning Shakespeare's use of personification here. He gives the sun an eye, a human attribute, and in the next line, a complexion.Parallelism:The final couplet, used to emphasize the message: the beauty of the subject will be immortalized by the power of his art.）2.Sonnet 29(B1,P119)(theme: The theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love which can overpower the feelings of self-hate. Content: it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he feels. Then the speaker talks about how he by change thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. The whole poem expresses the changes of the author's inner feelings,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from self-abased to confident.Figures of Speech:Metaphors: It were used in lines 10-12. In these lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare uses this metaphor because he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Symbolizes: In the first three lines, he symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He uses symbolism here because he wants the reader to know that the speaker feels like an outcast compared to the rest of society.symbolism In the eleventh line, the symbolism is that the speaker is describing his lover as a lark. He uses this symbolism because he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens.Personification: It can be found in line 3. Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonnet because this adds to the lonesomeness the speaker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.Repetition:―like him‖ and ―mans‖ in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himselfAlliteration(头韵): ―think, thee, then‖ in line 11Rhyme:follows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. ―state, fate, gate‖ and ―brings, kings‖ The use of rhyme is very common in sonnets.)弥尔顿3.On His Blindness(B1，P148）(Theme: Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best so can endure the suffering best. This sonnet is written as a result of Milton’s grief, as he lost his eye sight at his middle age.Content:Lines 1-8: Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent by writing something great to glorify God. In an impatient mood Milton doubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.Lines 8-14: Milton’s attitude of doubt passes off in a moment. His inner conscience rises up with its faith in God’s justice. He realizes that God does not need man’s work by way of service to him; nor does he care whether man uses His gifts. He has a lot of angels working for him. So, patient submission to His will is the best service to Him.Figures of Speech:Alliteration: my days in this dark world and wide (line 2)Metaphor: though my soul more bent / To serve therewith my Maker (lines 3-4). The author compares his soul to his mind. Personification/Metaphor: But Patience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies . . . (lines 8-9).Paradox: They also serve who only stand and wait.Rhyme: This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. )多恩4.Song(B1, P134)（Theme：Negative view about love. Content: The whole poem focus on the argument of whether beautiful women will be loyalty to love. In the first stanza, he use 6 impossible things to clarify his view that such women who both beautiful and loyalty do not exist in the world. In the second stanza, he describes the journey of a man who was born to strange sights and sware that there were no women true, and fair. In the last stanza, he agreed that it would be sweet if there were women true, and fair, but he won’t change his belief that there exist no women who are both true and fair. Figures of Speech: 第⼀节中⽤了imperative sentence祈使句，像在对话；metaphor将找到美丽⽽忠贞的⼥⼦⽐作第⼀节中的做那些离奇怪诞的事）5.Valediction: Forbidding Mourning: (B1,P135)（Theme:farewell and love. Content:In the first two stanzas the departure of the lovers is compared with the death of virtuous men. Then, he clarify that their love is high to the soul and the body departure cannot influence them any more. Their two souls are united into one like the gold that has excellent ductility. If souls are still two, then they will just like the compasses, separated but never really divided. At last, he asked his wife to take care of the family so that he can complete his missions without worries, just like the moving compass complete a full circle with the help of the fixed point.Figures of Speech:comparison⾼尚男⼈的死和他们的分离；Metaphor(Conceit):The two lovers are likened to the two points of a compass. The idea of the wife staying and minding the house while the husband goes away is old-fashioned now, but we can still comprehend it.Pun: Take the lines Thy firmness makes my circle just,/ And makes me end, where I begun.. Here the compass is doing two different things, and both have significance. "End where I begun" implies the finish of a circle as drawn by a compass; only through his wife's stability in the centre, Donne argues, can his circle be drawn correctly. However it also implies the closing of the compass - and Donne coming home to be with his wife.Symbolism: symbolism of gold is very important, as it is also the most precious and noble of all the metals. It is also the least reactive of all metals, which ties in with Donne's placing of the lovers above the emotional layer and makes their love difficult to destroy.Comments:Donne's basic argument was that most people's relationships are built on purely sensual things - if they are not together at all times, the relationship breaks down. I agree with him, because a real love should have no restrictions of distance or time, so long as lovers’ hearts and souls are bound to each other, there will be no reason for them to worry abouta temporary separation.）布莱德6.Songs of Innocence-The Chimney Sweeper(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers. Content:The first stanza tells the narrator's life story: abandoned by parents, working in thedark chimney and sleeping in dark, dirty soot. Probably it's the reflection of all the little chimney sweepers' life story. In the thir d line, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! Sweep!", which was the c himney sweeper's street cry.The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre, one of the narrator's fellows in the second and third stanzas. The second stanza intr oduces Tom Dacre, who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is upset about his lot in life, then the narrator comforts little Tom, sha ving his curl white hair and getting bare, so that he needn't worry that his hair would get spoiled until Tom falls asleep. Here To m's family name "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". In next three stanzas, the poem describes Tom's dream. He drea ms of an angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweepers. It shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle.When the angel tells Tom that ―if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father and never want joy‖, he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life. Figures of Speech:symbolism,irony)7.Songs of Experience-The Chimney Sweeper(B1，P289)(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers.Content: In the first two lines, Blake gives us an image of an anguished child in a state of agony. In the second stanza, the child is pictured in a very more happier and playful mood. This soon changes when he decides to tell the stranger more about his parents. They are showed to be punishing their child for being so happy by "clothing in clothes of death and teaching him to sing notes of woe." It is very obvious the sweeper’s feels hate towards his parents for putting him in such sadness, but inst ead he chooses to hide it by making himself look happy and satisfied.It is clear in the last Stanza that Blake’s criticizing the Church, especially, and the state for letting a lot of these things happen. During this time many children were dying from being, either, worked to death or from malnutrition. Neither the state or the church did any thing to stop this and is obviously why Blake feels so much anger towards them. The sweeper’s parents are really no help towards their own child. This makes the reader wonder, if they are worshiping god, the source of good doings, why do they chose to ignore their own child. They would rather turn their heads the other way and instead find love at church. Figures of speech:partial tone:T he cry "'weep! 'weep! " is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! ‖,whichwas the chimney sweeper's direct cry. The use of the partial tone creates an ironic effect. It makes readers feel that the chimney children are weeping for their living and working conditions.symbolism,Contrast:In the first two lines, t he color black seems to be very important because it is used to represent sin against innocence, the color of the white snow.)8.Holy Thursday --From Songs of Innocence'(Theme: portrays unfortunate children as blessings to society and shows their gratitude towards God for all that he has done. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, symbolismBlake tries to express an optimistic and hopeful image of innocent children singing to Christ onthe day of ascension. The poem’s rhythm is playful and childish and effectively carries out Blake’s image.In the first four lines, colorful children are marching into St Paul’s cathedral for the celebration of the ascension of Christ. From the footnote, one learns that these children are from the charity s chools in London, meaning that they are very poor and probably don’t have a family. Despite their hardships, the children are still described in a joyful, harmonic wayWith an ABAB rhyming pattern, the poem starts with a bouncing, nursery rhyme quality. The children’s problems are not an iss ue; they are still cute, innocent, and alive, like a river. The beadles that must keep the kids in order are portrayed as old and lifel ess men who have lost their childhood innocence. Even though these children are poor and homeless, they are showing hopeful ness and optimism when they go to sing the Lord’s praisesIn the next stanza, the children are again portrayed as sweet and innocent, and there is no mention of the hardships they must fa ce every other day in their life. There are a few different images that Blake gives the reader to express his idea that children are pure and free–flowing characters:Here, the children are a beautiful and vital part of the London society. They are ―flowers‖ that give pleasure to all men and wom en. Blake fails to mention that these children are a blight and burden to mankind. They are victims of a cruel and harsh world, a nd as a result, they reflect images of misery and poverty. However, in this stanza, the children are innocent lambs who have a ―r adiance all their own.‖ They are beautiful flowers and are pleasing to the entire world.In the final stanza, the children are singing to the heavens with songs of joy. They are singing the praises of the Lord to heaven on this glorious day.Here, the children are powerful and mighty and are capable of communicating with the heavens above. They believe that God tr uly loves them in spite of the fact that they are really the wretched of the earth. Even though they are penniless and homeless, the children raise their hands and sing their praise and thanks to Jesus.)9.Holy Thursday---From Songs of Experience(Theme: the condemn for the church or the god; sympathy for the poor childrenFigures of speech: contrast, irony, metaphorThis poem is negative and pessimistic and it questions the nature or existence of a God. The children are rejected and abused by society and they are exactly the opposite of the children in the first poem.This procession into the cathedral has religious intentions, but the speaker wonders how holy it is to have so many pitiful and m iserable children in a world that is so rich and prosperous. It doesn’t seem possible to him that these children are singing to the Lord out of pure happiness and thanksgivingThe speaker finds it hard to believe that these children are actually singing out praises of the Lord. He sees them so unhappy an d so poor, and yet they are thanking Jesus for all that he has done for them. The series of questions by the speaker in this stanza implies a tone of disbelief and amazement that heightens throughout the poem.In the last two stanzas, the speaker offers an explanation as to why these children are so poor and pitiful.The speaker believes that the life of the children is always dark, bleak, and bare. It will always be difficult, cold, and barren. He believes that the children are poor because they never have any sunshine or any rain. In other words, these kids don’t have the wonderful and plentiful eye of the Lord upon them. Blake believes that man could not decline into such a pitiful state if God is constantly watching over him. Throughout the ceremony, the children are praising God and all of His works. This prai se now seems very ironic since these children are not under the watchful eye of the Lord)10.The Lamb" --From Songs of Innocence(Theme: the origin of human, blessing for the human and GodContent: The poem begins with the question, ―Little Lamb, who made thee?‖ The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its ―clothing‖ of wool, its ―tender voice.‖ In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who ―calls himself a Lamb,‖ one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child be stowing a blessing on the lamb.Figures of speech:repetition:Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality.rhetoric questionsSymbolism:The lamb symbolizes Jesus and the image of the child is also associated with Jesus.Comment:The poem is a child’s song, in the form of a question and answer. The first stanza is rural and descriptive, while the second focuses on abstract spiritual matters and contains explanatio n and analogy. The child’s question is both naive and profound. The question (―who made thee?‖) is a simple one, and yet the child is also tapping into the deep and timeless questions that all human beings have, about their own origins and the nature of cr eation. The poem’s apostrophic form contributes to the effect of naivety, since the situation of a child talking to an animal is a believable one, and not simply a literary contrivance. Yet by answering his own question, the child converts it into a rhetorical one, thus counteracting the initial spontaneous sense of the poem. The answer is presented as a puzzle or riddle, and even though it is an easy one—child’s play—this also contributes to an underlying sense of ironic knowingness or artifice in the poem. The child’s answer, however, reveals his confidence in his simple Christian faith and his innocent acceptance of its teachings.)11.The Tiger(B1,P288)(Theme:humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.But considering the social background of this poem, It could destroy the old system and establish a new one.Content:This poem begins with the author presents a series of questions that embodies the central problem: Who created the tiger? Or w as it Satan? Blake presents his question in Lines 3 and 4: What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame thy fearful symmetry? However, to express his bewilderment that the God who created the gentle lamb also created the terrifying tiger, he includes Satan as a possible creator while raising his rhetorical questions, the one he asks in Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps orskies/Burnt th e fire of thy eyes?Figures of speech:Symbolism:The tiger is symbolic of the revolutionary forces:the French people in the French Revolution to which Blake was a s upporter and it can also symbolizes evil, or the incarnation of evil.And that the lamb represents goodness, or Christ. Metaphor&alliteration:In Lines 3 and 4the author uses alliteration and metaphor to make comparison the tiger and his eyes to fi re.Symbol&Allusion:In Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps or skies/Burnt the fire of thy eyes? In these sentences, “Deeps” ap pears to refer to hell and “skies” refer to heaven which is the expression of symbol and Allusion.Comments:It is said that human souls have two sides: a good side, and an evil side."The Lamb" and "The Tyger," by William B lake, are both poems of deep meaning. They seem to explain both sides of human nature: the light and the dark, the yin and the yang, the good and the evil. They can also represent the transition from a child to an adult or even Heaven and Hell. "The Lamb " is a poem that is referring to the good side of the human soul, while "The Tyger" is referring to the dark side. The lamb brings to mind innocence,purity,children,or Jesus; the tiger brings to mind viciousness, cunning, danger, or death. )彭斯12.John Anderson my jo, John(B1, P294)（theme: love. Content:It’s a simple but warm poem about the commonplace feeling of a ordinary couple. The old wife recalls their encounter at their young ages and compare her husband’s young appearance with that of now. They has gone through so many years, and she blesses her husband and wishes joint happiness until their death.Figures of Speech:Metaphor/contrast: In line3 and line6, John’s locks are said to be as black as the raven when young but as white as snow now. The metaphor is so properly used, while the contrast between John’s young and aged years is also very vivid in delivering the massage of their peaceful and lasting marriage.Rhyme:Comments: This poem is very simple, but it remind me of a Chinese saying, ― I’ll take your hand and grow old with you.‖The love I dreamed of is just like this, more stability and less impulsion.）华兹华斯13.The Solitary Reaper(B2，P22)（theme：T he poet is fascinated with a Scottish peasant girl’s beautiful song.Content: Stanza 1: The poet heard a Scottish girl singing while reaping in the wheat field.Stanza 2: The poet is surprised to hear such a beautiful song in so remote aplace.Stanza 3: The poet doesn’t understand her song but knows it is about something sad. Stanza 4: The poet was so moved by her song that he could never forget it.Figures of Speech:Contrast:反衬⽤夜莺和杜鹃反衬少⼥歌声的优美Metaphor/synaesthesia：暗喻、通感声⾳在作者眼中变为有形的事物Vocative：呼语BEHOLD HER /O LISTEN，像在与⼈对话，拉近读者和说话者的距离Repetition：反复同源词反复Analogy：少⼥的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱诗⼈与旅⼈及赫布⾥群岛Symbolism: 象征MOUNT UP THE HILL象征着⼈⽣的旅途Rhyme：iniambic tetrameter with the rhyme of ababccdd (except lines 1 & 3 In stanzas 1 and 4）Comments:⽣活中有时停下匆匆的脚步可能会有惊喜。
《外国文学》课程期末考试题
《外国文学》期末考试试题（含答案）一、简答题1．荷马史诗的主题思想和艺术特点：2．但丁《神曲》的二重性及主题思想：3．文艺复兴和人文主义:4、哈姆雷特形象的典型意义：5．《巴黎圣母院》的美丑对照原则:6、于连形象：二、比较题（第1、2题选其一，第3题必做。
）1、比较包法利夫人和安娜·卡列妮娜:2、比较简·爱和苔丝：3、莫泊桑、契诃夫均为短篇小说大师，试举例（作品）分析二人创作上的不同特点.三、分析论述题：1、哈代笔下的苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人”，但却遭到毁灭，试析苔丝悲剧的根源。
2、歌德笔下的浮士德说:“有两个灵魂居住在我心胸，一个要和另一个分离”。
对此你如何理解？3、堂•吉诃德是个可笑、可爱、可敬又可悲的艺术典型，试论这一形象的矛盾性.《外国文学》课程期末考试题及答案一、简答题1．荷马史诗的主题思想和艺术特点？2．但丁《神曲》的二重性及主题思想3．文艺复兴和人文主义4．堂吉诃德5、莎士比亚创作的艺术特色：6．《巴黎圣母院》的美丑对照原则。
7、于连形象8．哈姆雷特形象的典型意义二、比较题1、比较包法利夫人和安娜·卡列妮娜2、比较简·家和苔丝3、莫泊桑、契诃夫均为短篇小说大师，试举例（作品）分析二人创作上的不同特点。
三、分析论述题：1、哈代笔下的苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人"，但却遭到毁灭,试析苔丝悲剧的根源。
2、歌德笔下的浮士德说：“有两个灵魂居住在我心胸，一个要和另一个分离"。
对此你如何理解?3、堂•吉诃德是个可笑、可爱、可敬又可悲的艺术典型，试论这一形象的矛盾性。
4、析《哈姆雷特》的复仇主题.5．浮士德是一个什么样的人物形象？这个人物的典型意义是什么？36。
简要说明《伪君子》中答尔丢夫这一宗教伪善者的欺骗性与危害性。
37.哈代笔下的苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人”，但却遭到毁灭,试析苔丝悲剧的根源.39.堂•吉诃德是个可笑、可爱、可敬又可悲的艺术典型，试论这一形象的矛盾性。
美国文学史期末考试 诗歌赏析【范本模板】
Philip FrenｅauThe Wiｌd Ｈoneysucｋle野忍冬花美好的花呀,你长得,这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方-－-甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵,招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎，没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。
大自然把你打扮得一身洁白,ﻩ她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光，她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁;你的夏天就这样静静地消逝,这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。
那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运——-虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零,无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力，会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。
朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育,让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有,就没什么可失去，因为你的死让你同先前一样；这来去之间不过是一个钟点---这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。
（黄皋炘译)ＣoｍmｅntaｒｙThｅsｈoｒt lyric was wｒitｔeｎin1786。
Freneau ｗas inｓpiｒｅｄｂｙｔｈe bｅａuty oｆthe wild ｈoney suｃkle when he was wａｌｋiｎg at Chaｅlｅston,Ｓouth Ｃarolinａ. Iｔwasｖｉrtuａlly unread in thｅｐｏｅt’s lｉfeｔime，yeｔit desｅrves a place aｍｏng majoｒEnglｉｓh and Ａmｅrican woｒｋs of pｏｅｔｒy of tｈat time. Ｔhis ｉs ｏｎeｏfｔhｅmoｓt quｏted ｗorks ofＦｒeneaｕ。
Ｇeｎｅｒalｌy speakｉｎg, ｉｔis ｔｈe beｓｔｏf Ｆrenｅaｕ＇s pｏeｍs, and tｈeｂeｓt poｅｍｏn nature befｏre the appｅaranｃe oｆｔhｅveｒses ｏf Ｗilｌiam ＣulｌeｎBryant, Ｗilｌｉa ｍWordsｗorｔh, and ＲａlphＷaldo Ｅmerｓoｎ’s Ｔｈe Rｈｏdora。
《外国文学》期末试题及答案
一、填空题：1、教会文学在中世纪欧洲文学史上长期占据统治地位，其文学题材大多取材于《圣经》。
2、在《神曲》中，豹象征淫欲，狮象征强暴，狼象征贪婪。
3、意大利是欧洲文艺复兴运动的发源地。
4、彼特拉克被誉为“人文主义之父”。
5、请补充完整哈姆莱特对“人”的赞美：“人类是多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！（宇宙的精华）！（万物的灵长）！”6、哈姆莱特在剧中有一句台词，既成了名言，又能体现其犹疑延宕的性格。
它是：““生存还是毁灭？”，这是一个须要认真思考的问题”。
二、论述题：分析造成苔丝悲剧命运的原因作业四一、名词解释1、三一律“三一律”是古典主义剧本创作的规则，要求戏剧描写的时间、地点、情节的一致。
即一个剧本只有一个情节线索，事件发生在同一地点，剧情不超过24小时。
它有利于剧作情节结构的简练集中，但作为一种规则，却成为束缚剧本创作的清规戒律。
2、美丑对照原则是雨果在1827年发表的《<克伦威尔>序言》中创立的浪漫主义美学原则。
他认为大自然中美丑是并存的，艺术家在创作时应同时表现丑，不应像古典主义那样只写崇高、优美。
他肯定和强调了“丑”在艺术创作中的地位和作用，提高了“丑”的审美意义。
同时他还强调艺术要想取得很好的效果，就应该通过强烈的美丑对照，同时采取艺术的夸张手法。
二、作家、作品及国籍连线《鲁滨逊漂流记》卢梭《格列佛游记》莎士比亚法国《麦克白》笛福挪威《玩偶之家》斯威夫特《忏悔录》易卜生三、论述题请分析《包法利夫人》中爱玛这一人物形象安娜什么？。
外国文学欣赏作业2答案
第1题《道连·葛雷的画像》是英国作家王尔德唯一的一部小说，在这部小说中作者表达了什么美学观点您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：王尔德是唯美主义的代表，主张艺术无关乎道德，艺术不仅仅是记录生活。
作品有形式上的创新，也有唯美主义理想的矛盾。
第2题贝贝尔是高尔基哪部作品中的主人公您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：高尔基的现实主义戏剧描写了大量底层民众的日常生活和悲惨命运，具有社会批判传统。
第3题劳伦斯在小说《虹》中采用了一个象征意象“彩虹”，取自《圣经》，指的是您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：《虹》除了批判了工业文明之外，还探讨了两性关系，通过厄秀拉的新生，象征新的理想的两性关系即将产生。
第4题“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的，人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败。
”这句名言出自海明威的哪部小说您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：海明威在小说中描写了“硬汉”形象，这些形象的共同特点是“我可以被打倒，但不可以被打败。
”第5题被誉为表现主义的奠基作的是卡夫卡的哪部作品您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：卡夫卡是表现主义的代表，他的作品通过小人物的表现了现代社会里人的生存处境和命运，以及他们孤独无痛苦绝望的精神状态。
第6题 1936年，美国戏剧家奥尼尔凭借哪部作品获得诺贝尔文学奖您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：奥尼尔的悲剧三部曲描写了孟南家族两代人的爱恨情仇，是一部现代心理剧，深受弗洛伊德心理学影响，刻画了戏剧中的人格分裂与矛盾的人物形象。
第7题“他人就是地狱”这一主题是存在主义作家萨特哪部作品中表现的您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：萨特是存在主义的代表，他的戏剧形象地诠释了存在主义关于个人与他人关系的命题，三个灵魂在地狱里勾心斗角、相互倾轧的紧张关系正是现代社会人们关系的写照。
第8题狄安·莫里亚蒂是“垮掉一代”的典型，是哪部小说的主人公您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：“垮掉的一代”是指20世纪50年代的孤独彷徨青年一代，他们拒绝社会责任，反传统，放浪形骸。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试赏析
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)I’m Nobody!Are you Nobody too?Then there’s a pair of us!Don’t tell, they’d banish us, you know!How dreary to be Somebody!How public—like a Frog—To tell your name the livelong JuneTo an admiring Bog!The author uses the first narration to have a secret talk with the readers. The theme of the talk is the fame burden. The author is happy that she is nobody and asked the reader not to unclose her identity. She is satisfied with her current life.The theme of the poem is that to live a peaceful life with no fame is a wise idea. The complicated society is not fit for the author.Simile :“How public—like a frog…”The author compares the public person or somebody to frogs, they have no freedom, hypocritical and have to share with others their own thingsQuestions1.Who are the “pair of us” and “they” in this poem?2.What does “an admiring bog” really mean?3.What is the theme of this poem?4.Do you want to be “nobody” or “somebody”? Explain your reasons.Ezra Pound (1885—1972)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough人群中这些面庞的闪现；人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试赏析
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) I ' m Nobody!I ' m Nobody! Who are you? Are you Nobody too? Then there ' s a pair of us!Don' t tell, they ' d banish us, you know!How dreary to be Somebody! How public — like a Frog — To tell your name the livelong June To an admiring Bog!当个大人物多么的无趣, 就像只青蛙一在漫长的六月 公开地向赞扬它的沼泽 宣扬它的大名。
The author uses the first narration to have a secret talk with the readers. Thetheme of the talk is thefame burden. The author is happy that she is nobody and asked the reader not to unclose her identity. She is satisfied with her current life.The theme of the poem is that to live a peaceful life with no fame is a wise idea. The complicated society is not fit for the author.Simile : “ How public — like a frog …”The author compares the public person or somebody to frogs, they have no freedom, hypocritical and have to share with others their own things Questions 1. Who ar e the “ pair of us ” and “ they ” in this poem? 2. What does “ an admiring bog ” really mean? 3. What is the theme of this poem? 4.Do you want to be “nobody ” or“somebody ” ? Explain your reasons.Ezra Pound (1885 — 1972)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough我是无名之辈，你是谁？ 你也是无名之辈吗？ 那我们不就是一对了！ 不要张扬一你知道，他们会赶 走我们的。
美国文学期末考试作品赏析
美国⽂学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today. The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野⾦银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时，看到⼀簇幽⽣的⾦银花，于是便有感⽽发，将这⾸短诗⼀⽓呵成。
英美文学赏析期末考试题型
哈工大 2013 年 春季学期 2013．6．302011级大学英语拓展课英美文学赏析期末考试试题文学 班 学号： 文学班学号： 姓名： 题号 I II III IV V VI 总分 分数第 1 页 （共 1 页）I. Multiple choice (20 points: 20ⅹ1)Directions: Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.II. Say true or false. (20 points: 20ⅹ1)III. Matching (20 points: 20ⅹ1)Directions: Find the relevant match from column B for each item Column A 1. Match the writer and his works.2. Match the works and the characters.IV . Term Filling (15 points: 10ⅹ1.5)Directions: the blanks in following passages. Directions: Find the relevant match from column B for each item in Column AV . Reading Comprehension （10 points 5ⅹ2）.Directions: Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 1. 2.VI. Essay writing (15 points 15ⅹ1) .Directions: Write an essay no less than 100 words on the topic in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.ScoreScoreScore1. ( ) ByronR. She Walks in Beauty2. ( ) Hrothgar & GrendelO. Beowulf。
外国文学史期末大题辩析
1,狂飙突进发生在德国18世纪70年代到80年代中叶，是德国文学史上第一次全国性的文学运动。
因克林格尔的剧本《狂飙突进》而得名。
“狂飙突进”运动的作家们反对封建束缚，崇尚“天才”，主张“自由”与个性解放，强调文学的民族性。
他们受卢梭“返回自然”思想的影响，歌颂大自然与纯朴的人民。
代表作家：赫尔德，青年歌德与席勒等。
代表作品有歌德的《少年维特之烦恼》、席勒的《阴谋与爱情》等等。
2，威尼斯商人莎士比亚喜剧中最富于社会讽刺性意义的一部作品，作于1596年。
剧中包括两个平行的情节。
主要情节是威尼斯商人安东尼奥和犹太人高利贷者夏洛克之间围绕割一磅肉的诉讼而展开的冲突，次要情节是富家小姐鲍西娅遵父命三匣选亲的故事。
揭示了中世纪遗留下来的旧式高利贷者同新兴工商业资产者之间的矛盾。
这部剧作的一个重要的文学成就，就是塑造了“四大吝啬鬼”之一夏洛克这一唯利是图、冷酷无情的高利贷者的典型形象。
3，奥林波斯神统：古希腊神话中以宙斯为中心的神的家族，因居住于奥林匹斯山上而得名。
奥林波斯神统反映的是父权社会的人际关系：宙斯是众神之主，他的兄弟中，波塞冬是海神，哈德斯是冥王。
宙斯的子女分管天上人间诸事，如阿波罗是日神，阿尔忒弥斯是月神，阿瑞斯是战神，阿弗洛狄忒是爱神等等。
希腊诸神住在希腊最高的奥林波斯山上，组成了一个高度组织化、纪律化的社会，他们的生活是当时希腊社会生活面貌的缩影。
4，流浪汉小说是16世纪中叶产生于西班牙，17、18世纪流行于欧洲的一种新的小说样式。
采用自传体的形式，以主人公流浪的经历为线索，描写下层人民的生活，并以下层人物的眼光去观察、评价和嘲讽各种社会现象。
小说主人公大多数是广大的破产者、流浪汉，靠个人机智谋求生存，以玩世不恭对待生活。
每一部流浪汉小说都是一幅生动幽默的社会风俗画。
无名氏的《小癞子》是第一部也是最优秀的流浪汉小说。
5，哥特小说：在18世纪兴起的一种小说题材。
这类小说致力于表现发生在偏僻古堡的离奇故事，以及这些怪诞事件对人物情感和性格的影响，注重想象，内容多是怪诞、恐怖的，往往写古堡、幽灵、恐怖和幻觉之类。
外国文学期末考试题库
外国文学期末考试题库1. 请分析《傲慢与偏见》中的女主角伊丽莎白·班内特的性格特点及其对小说情节的影响。
2. 《罪与罚》中的罗德义彦是一个怎样的人物？请详细描述他的形象及其在小说中的作用。
3. 在《百年孤独》中，加西亚·马尔克斯通过怎样的魔幻现实主义手法展现了布恩迪亚家族的命运？4. 《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克是一个复杂的人物，请分析他的性格特点和行为动机，并探讨他与其他角色的关系。
5. 请阐述《简·爱》中的主题和象征意义，解读简·爱这一角色在小说中的存在意义。
6. 《老人与海》是海明威的代表作之一，请分析小说中的主题、风格以及对人生的哲理思考。
7. 请根据《给孩子的信》，写一篇文章介绍路易斯·卡洛的生平及其作品特点。
8. 以《雾都孤儿》为例，探讨狄更斯对社会不平等的揭示，分析小说中描绘的底层人民生活和命运。
9. 《房思琪的初恋乐园》是台湾作家林奕含的代表作之一，请根据小说内容，写一篇文章讨论青少年成长与爱情主题。
10. 请结合《人间失格》和《阴翳礼赞》，分析太宰治和村上春树两位作家的写作风格和主题内涵。
11. 根据《1984》，探讨乔治·奥威尔对政治操控和权力滥用的揭露，并分析小说对当代社会的启示意义。
12. 以《红与黑》为例，探讨斯泰恩对法国社会以及人性的揭示，解读小说中主人公尚爱尔与朱丽安的命运。
13. 根据《飘》，分析玛格丽特·米切尔如何刻画出斯嘉丽·奥哈拉这一经典女性形象，并对她的爱情经历进行分析。
14. 请以《白鲸记》为例，探讨赫尔曼·梅尔维尔对人性、命运以及道德观念的思考，分析小说对读者的影响。
15. 根据《失乐园》，探讨约翰·密尔顿对自由意志与宿命命题的思考，解读小说中的主要角色形象与行为动机。
16. 请结合《奥德赛》和《荷马揭秘》，分析荷马史诗对古希腊文化和传统的传承，解读其中蕴含的英雄主题。
外国文学名著赏析 选修课 试卷2份
外国文学名著赏析选修课期末测试卷（一）一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1．在希腊神话中，爱神与战神私通，被爱神的丈夫用一张大网捉住，众神哄堂大笑。
在古希腊人看来，这些都是（）。
A．理性不能克制情欲的表现B．缺乏道德意识的表现C．婚姻状态尚不稳定的表现D．神和人一样有七情六欲的表现2．《被缚的普罗米修斯》的作者是( )A．埃斯库罗斯B．索福克勒斯C．欧里庇得斯D．阿里斯托芬3．莎士比亚早期创作的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是（）。
A．一出阴沉的喜剧B．一出乐观的喜剧C．一出乐观的悲剧D．一出阴沉的悲剧4．笛福的《鲁滨逊飘流记》的主人公是（）。
A．西班牙流浪汉典型B．具有才能却自甘堕落的时代畸形儿典型C．资本原始积累时期英国商业资产者的典型D．堂·吉诃德式的典型5．中篇书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》的作者是( )A．席勒B．雨果C．歌德D．都德6．《呼啸山庄》是_____惟一的长篇小说。
( )A．爱米莉·勃朗特B．小仲马C．大仲马D．夏洛蒂·勃朗特7．法国第一个批判现实主义的作家是（）A．福楼拜B．莫泊桑C．斯丹达尔D．巴尔扎克8．下面对有关名著名篇的阐述，不正确的一项是（）A．莎士比亚与我国的关汉卿几乎同一时代，都是世界上著名的戏剧家，为世界戏剧史增添了光辉的一页。
B．“一千位读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”，是说莎士比亚笔下的哈姆雷特个性生动而复杂，不同的人可以有不同的看法和感受。
C．《哈姆雷特》中人物关系是复杂的，有亲情，有友情，有爱情，也有仇恨，使整部戏剧背景充实、鲜活生动。
D．哈姆雷特为报仇而装疯，但狡猾的克劳狄斯很快就发现了真相。
9．下面对名著的有关解说，不正确的一项是（）A．查理将自己母亲的金梳妆匣赠给欧也妮表现了他对两人爱情的忠贞不贰。
B．到秘室中拿一把金路已送给女儿的情节表现了葛朗台作为吝啬鬼的另一面：狡诈。
C．“想到她这头和自己一样洁白的羔羊，孤零零留在自私自利的世界上任人宰割，她就发抖”，运用了比喻、拟物的手法。
美国文学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分
美国⽂学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分Philip Freneau1.野⾦银花美丽的⾦银花，你粲然绽放于幽静⼀⾓。
芳菲满枝,⽆⼈垂顾，迎风起舞,⽆⼈注⽬。
游⼦从不践踏你的⽟体，过客从不催落你的泪滴。
造化令你素裹银妆，你得以远离庸⼈的⽬光她赐予你⼀⽚绿荫葱葱她带给你⼀泓流⽔淙淙恬静的夏⽇倏然流淌你终于红衰翠减，⽟殒⾹消妩媚动⼈，你却⽆法盛颜久长落红满地，你令我黯然神伤纵然在伊甸乐园，⼈间天堂也难免⼀⽇凋零，满⽬凄凉萧瑟秋风，凄⽩秋霜你终于消失得⽆影⽆踪朝霞幕露孕育了你娇⼩的⾝躯你从尘⼟来，⼜归尘⼟去来时⼀⽆所有，去时化作尘⼟可叹⽣命苦短你终究红消⾹断Background: The short lyric was written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston, South Carolina. As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural scenes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law.Theme:the mutability of flowers and by extension the transience of human life. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is presented in person, human beings at times envy the flower. This is seen not because the “roving foot” would “crush”; nor that the “busy hand” would “provoke a tear”; nor because of the “vulgar eye”, but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings.Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings.Rhyme and analysis: Form ?Four six-line stanzas ?iambic tetrameter 四⾳步抑扬格?soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong ? Fair flower, that dost so comely grow ? rhymed on ababcc pattern Following the traditional European model, the lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming “ababcc”, and sounds just like music. But in order to accord with the change in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic pattern is varied. Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza --- “They died” --- begins with a “spondee”(two stressed beats in a row) and, after forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm with an intensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible message home, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more mature view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience. The wild honey suckle is, in the poet’s eye, no longer a common flower.In the first two stanzas, to start with, Freneau devoted more attention to the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se. He commented on the secluded nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to Nature’s protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men’s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright lamentation over the “future’s doom” of the flower --- even Nature was unable to save the flower from its death. Actually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Not even the flowers that used to bloom in Eden. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder over the fate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile from Paradise. Just as kindly as nourished and protected the honey suckle in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons.Understand the title: 1. The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flow er produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume of this passionate plant may turn a maidens head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in . The word “wild”implies herliving place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be app reciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.William Cullen Bryant（对死亡的冥想）热爱⾃然的⼈与世间万象, 有着⼼神的交流，对他, 她可说各种各样的语⾔他⾼兴的时候，她声⾳喜悦, 微笑⾥透着⾼贵的美丽, 她潜⼊他隐秘的思索，带着温柔和抚慰的关切，未及他明⽩她就将痛苦带⾛，当最后的思想如灾难降临你的精神,悲痛的哀影，寿⾐，棺罩,令⼈窒息的⿊暗，以及促狭的房屋使你瑟瑟发抖，并⼼⽣憎恨——去开阔的⽥野吧，去听听,⾃然的教诲，听听那从四野⾥——⼤地、河川和新鲜的空⽓中——传来的静谧⽽寂寥的声⾳——然⽽⼏天后，普照⼤地的太阳在它的⾏程⾥，也不见你的踪影；也不在冰冷的⼤地你含泪苍⽩的形体停放之处,也不在⼤海的怀抱存你的形象养育了你的⼤地要将你召回, 复归为尘⼟，消除⼈的痕迹你的个体将⾂服于此，你将永远与⾃然之中的万物共处去做⽆情的草⽊和磐⽯的兄弟掩藏在坚硬的泥⼟下，任由那粗野的情郎翻犁和践踏橡树伸展的根须将刺穿你的躯体。
英美名作赏析期末考试
英美名作赏析期末考试题2012春夏Please finish the following tasks on time.Task 1Directions: Please write an English book report (summary/overview) about one of the following literary works. Your report should cover the plot, main characters and themes at least, and the report should be about 400 words on average. Finally, you should state why you like reading the works you choose.HamletRobinson CrusoeGulliver’s TravelsPride and PrejudiceJane EyreGreat ExpectationsTess of the D’urbervillesPygmalionLord of the FliesDublinersTask 2选择其中一个话题，写一篇400英文单词左右的短评（Critical essay）1.请根据作品进行评析，内容切题，言之有据，不要泛泛而谈；2.要进行论证，不仅仅是叙述，采用适合的论证方法，如举例法；3.语言要通顺，尽量避免语法错误。
1) How do you understand “To be, or not to be —that is the question”? What is Hamlet’s question? Why did Hamlet ponder over this question? How did he resolve this dilemma in the play? What do you think of Hamlet? Support your argument with examples from the play.2) Do you agree with the statement in Pride and Prejudice that “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage in the novel? What is an ideal marriage in Jane Austen’s opinion? What is an ideal marriage in your mind? Support your argument with specific examples.。
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宁波大学答题纸
（20 09 —20 10 学年第1 学期）
课号：056R12AGX 课程名称：外国文学名著赏析改卷教师：
学号：074010520 姓名：吕爽得分：
有情人不必终成眷属
------------读罗密欧与朱丽叶有感
人类最美好的情感莫过于爱情，翻开历史的长卷，关于爱情的诗篇及故事不胜枚举。
古人用自己最优美的文字记录世上最美好的情感。
当我们后人读起这样的文章时，也不免为其中的爱情故事抹上几把感伤的泪水。
可见这种情感不仅令人难以忘怀而且还可以引起多人的共鸣。
即使当今，我们依旧随处可见身边不乏亲亲我我的小情侣。
而那一句“问人世间情为何物，直教人生死相许”的经典语录又不知被多少人所引用。
爱情是多么美好啊！做有情人又是多么幸福啊!
然而我却不认为有情人成为眷属是最好的结局。
为什么这个故事会流传这么久、这么出名？我想，很大的原因要归功于其的悲惨的结局。
中国很多的名著也是因为其有同样的结局而流芳百世，比如《梁山伯与祝英台》。
姑且不说悲剧会有什么样的心理效果，就联想到目前的婚姻状况就可以想象到，如果他们真正的生活在一起，也不一定会有那么的幸福。
我们身边有很多人被婚姻折磨的死去活来，比如第三者这类事情更是比比皆是。
或许我不该把美好的恋情说得如此的现实和悲观。
但我们读这类文学作品能不联系到现实的情况吗？我也是在分析文中两个关键人物罗密欧与朱丽叶而得出有情人不必终成眷属的看法，下面就是我的分析：
首先，有情人的甜蜜
我们先来看看，罗密欧遇见朱丽叶的一段精彩的对白。
罗密欧：（向朱丽叶）要是我这俗手上的尘污亵渎了你的神圣的庙宇，这两片嘴唇，含羞的信徒，愿意用一吻乞求你饶恕。
朱丽叶：信徒，莫把你的手儿侮辱，这样才是最虔诚的礼敬；神明的手本许信徒接触，掌心的密合远胜如亲吻。
罗密欧：生下了嘴唇有什么用处？朱丽叶：信徒的嘴唇要祷告神明。
罗密欧：那么我要祷求你的允许，让手的工作交给了嘴唇。
朱丽叶：你的祷告已蒙神明允准。
罗密欧：神明，请容我把殊恩受领。
（吻朱丽叶）这一吻涤清了我的罪孽。
朱丽叶：你的罪却沾上我的唇间。
罗密欧：啊，我的唇间有罪？感谢你精心的指摘！让我收回吧。
朱丽叶：你可以亲一下《圣经》。
这一段精彩的对白，是默契的，
是心和心的碰撞。
“当真的爱情来临时，灵魂因恐惧和狂喜而颤栗了。
”可以想象两个年轻的生命在遇到知己的刹那激动着、战栗着、表白着。
而爱情的美妙又是那样不可思议的让人妙语连珠。
隐晦而热烈，大胆而真诚。
从这里我们就可以明白为什么很多人在写情书时候就会变得神采奕奕，妙笔连珠了，为什么有些人为情人买件礼物自己还会傻傻的呆笑，爱情的甜蜜促使你即使做一点点关于它的事，心里都会甜蜜蜜。
陷入恋爱的女人可以为爱情做出很大胆的举动，像朱丽叶这种贵族里的大家闺秀有着更多的是腼腆与羞涩，可是在第一次舞会散后，朱丽叶则借着黑夜大胆吐出对罗密欧的钟情，“只要你宣誓做我的情人，我也不愿再姓凯普莱特了”，“我愿意把我的整个心灵，赔偿你这一个身外的空名。
”有人说这个世界很疯狂，我想坠入爱河的女人比世界更疯狂，她不会在意阶级和地位等等物质条件而义无反顾追求自己的爱。
以前总能在新闻报道中看到某某女生为爱而殉情，我当时总是想不明白，生命这么珍贵，何必这么傻。
现在知道了，女人天生就有这种潜质。
再来看看，罗密欧的对朱丽叶的赞美之词。
罗密欧：轻点！那边窗子里亮起来的是什么光？（啊）那就是东方，朱丽叶就是太阳！起来吧，美丽的太阳！那是我的意中人；啊！那是我的爱；唉，但愿她知道我在爱着她！她欲言又止，可是她的眼睛已经道出了她的心事。
待我去回答她吧；不,我不要太卤莽，她不是对我说话。
天上有两颗最灿烂的星，要是她的眼睛变成了天上的星，天上的星变成了她的眼睛，那便怎样呢？她脸上的光辉会掩盖了星星的明亮，正像灯光在朝阳下黯然失色一样；在天上的她的眼睛，会在太空中大放光明，使鸟儿误认为黑夜已经过去，而唱出它们的歌声。
瞧！她用纤手托住了脸,那姿态是多么美妙！啊，但愿我是那一只手上的手套，好让我亲一亲她脸上的香。
这段话换做任何一个女人听到都会被打动的。
总会听到一些女人说男人只会花言巧语，男人要想花言巧语也要有点的感情基础，如何面对一个木头，你就让男人怎么想也不会说出什么经典的话语，从上面罗密欧的话，我们就可以很容易的理解为什么男人总喜欢说这样的话，只要讨得女人欢心，男人就会竭尽才思。
男人做这些事情总是乐此不疲的，心中还的甜甜的。
其次，假如罗密欧与朱丽叶结婚了
如果他们结婚了，蒙太古家是男方的家长，凯普莱特家就是女方的家长。
并且双方的家长对这段婚姻非常的不满意的。
当罗密欧与朱丽叶发生争吵时，双方的家长一定会劝他们离婚的。
可以想象想，每当发生矛盾时候，身边人都劝你离开，你又会坚持多久呢？没有外界环境的支持是不可能长久的。
我们现在不是就有很多人，一闹矛盾就往娘家跑，家人说几次就真的离婚了。
当爱情遭遇现实时，很多东西由不得你的。
不要以为坚定的爱情就能长久，一旦它有损于第三者的利益，那么这段情必将受到被迫拆散的危险。
再假设他们一生都不会吵架，也不会闹矛盾，可是一个14岁和一个16岁的孩子，真的有足够心理准备步入婚姻的殿堂吗?他们就算有家族的财力支持不用面对的生活的琐事，但是在婚姻中会有很
多突发事件，他们可以坦然面对吗？比如罗密欧出轨了。
爱情的青苹果能好吃吗？两个不谙世事的小孩能承担生活的责任吗？这些都是值得我们怀疑的。
综合以上，可以看出，在恋爱中我们可以尽情享受恋爱的甜蜜，但是这份情感不一定要开花结果，有人说婚姻是爱情的坟墓，我觉得很有道理。
恋爱的时候会麻痹我们的双眼，俗语说：恋爱中女人的智商只有三岁左右。
等我们步入婚姻殿堂时，我们双方的缺点都将暴露无遗的。
曾经完美的她，不再完美。
其实很多人的结婚对象都不是自己的真爱过的人。
一段关于罗密欧与朱丽叶爱情故事只能是我们心中甜甜的梦，有这样的结局也是理所应该。
我只想说有情人不必终成眷属。